diff --git a/src/funcTest/groovy/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/BasePluginSpecification.groovy b/src/funcTest/groovy/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/BasePluginSpecification.groovy
index 9341154f1..9998368d3 100644
--- a/src/funcTest/groovy/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/BasePluginSpecification.groovy
+++ b/src/funcTest/groovy/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/BasePluginSpecification.groovy
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow
 
 import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.tasks.ShadowJar
-import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.AppendableMavenFileRepository
+import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.AppendableMavenRepository
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils
 import org.gradle.testkit.runner.BuildResult
 import org.gradle.testkit.runner.GradleRunner
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ abstract class BasePluginSpecification extends Specification {
     @TempDir
     Path root
 
-    AppendableMavenFileRepository repo
+    AppendableMavenRepository repo
 
     def setup() {
-        repo = new AppendableMavenFileRepository(root.resolve('maven-repo'))
-        repo.module('junit', 'junit', '3.8.2')
-            .use(Paths.get(this.class.classLoader.getResource('junit-3.8.2.jar').toURI()))
-            .publish()
+        repo = new AppendableMavenRepository(root.resolve('local-maven-repo'), runner)
+        repo.module('junit', 'junit', '3.8.2') { module ->
+            module.useJar(Paths.get(this.class.classLoader.getResource('junit-3.8.2.jar').toURI()))
+        }.publish()
 
         projectScriptFile << getDefaultProjectBuildScript('java', true, true)
         settingsScriptFile << getDefaultSettingsBuildScript()
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ abstract class BasePluginSpecification extends Specification {
         return """
             dependencyResolutionManagement {
               repositories {
-                maven { url = "${repo.uri}" }
+                maven { url = "${repo.root.toUri()}" }
                 mavenCentral()
               }
             }
diff --git a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/BasePluginTest.kt b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/BasePluginTest.kt
index 2a1319432..8565abac4 100644
--- a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/BasePluginTest.kt
+++ b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/BasePluginTest.kt
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.ShadowApplicationPlugin.Compan
 import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.ShadowJavaPlugin.Companion.SHADOW_JAR_TASK_NAME
 import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.tasks.JavaJarExec
 import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.tasks.ShadowJar
-import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.AppendableMavenFileRepository
+import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.AppendableMavenRepository
 import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.JarPath
 import java.nio.file.Path
 import java.util.Properties
@@ -30,16 +30,16 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
 @TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
 abstract class BasePluginTest {
   private lateinit var root: Path
-  lateinit var repo: AppendableMavenFileRepository
+  lateinit var localRepo: AppendableMavenRepository
 
   @BeforeEach
   open fun setup() {
     root = createTempDirectory()
 
-    repo = repo()
-    repo.module("junit", "junit", "3.8.2")
-      .use(testJar)
-      .publish()
+    localRepo = repo()
+    localRepo.module("junit", "junit", "3.8.2") {
+      useJar(testJar)
+    }.publish()
 
     projectScriptPath.writeText(getDefaultProjectBuildScript(withGroup = true, withVersion = true))
     settingsScriptPath.writeText(getDefaultSettingsBuildScript())
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ abstract class BasePluginTest {
       $startBlock
       dependencyResolutionManagement {
         repositories {
-          maven { url = '${repo.uri}' }
+          maven { url = '${localRepo.root.toUri()}' }
           mavenCentral()
         }
       }
@@ -90,27 +90,28 @@ abstract class BasePluginTest {
   }
 
   fun publishArtifactA() {
-    repo.module("shadow", "a", "1.0")
-      .insertFile("a.properties", "a")
-      .insertFile("a2.properties", "a2")
-      .publish()
+    localRepo.module("shadow", "a", "1.0") {
+      insert("a.properties", "a")
+      insert("a2.properties", "a2")
+    }.publish()
   }
 
   fun publishArtifactB() {
-    repo.module("shadow", "b", "1.0")
-      .insertFile("b.properties", "b")
-      .publish()
+    localRepo.module("shadow", "b", "1.0") {
+      insert("b.properties", "b")
+    }.publish()
   }
 
   fun publishArtifactCD(circular: Boolean = false) {
-    repo.module("shadow", "c", "1.0")
-      .insertFile("c.properties", "c")
-      .apply { if (circular) dependsOn("d") }
-      .publish()
-    repo.module("shadow", "d", "1.0")
-      .insertFile("d.properties", "d")
-      .dependsOn("c")
-      .publish()
+    localRepo.module("shadow", "c", "1.0") {
+      insert("c.properties", "c")
+      if (circular) {
+        addDependency("shadow", "d", "1.0")
+      }
+    }.module("shadow", "d", "1.0") {
+      insert("d.properties", "d")
+      addDependency("shadow", "c", "1.0")
+    }.publish()
   }
 
   open val shadowJarTask = SHADOW_JAR_TASK_NAME
@@ -146,8 +147,8 @@ abstract class BasePluginTest {
     }
   }
 
-  fun repo(path: String = "maven-repo"): AppendableMavenFileRepository {
-    return AppendableMavenFileRepository(root.resolve(path))
+  fun repo(path: String = "local-maven-repo"): AppendableMavenRepository {
+    return AppendableMavenRepository(root.resolve(path), runner)
   }
 
   private val runner: GradleRunner
@@ -160,12 +161,7 @@ abstract class BasePluginTest {
     }
 
   fun runner(arguments: Iterable<String>): GradleRunner {
-    val allArguments = listOf(
-      "--warning-mode=fail",
-      "--configuration-cache",
-      "--stacktrace",
-    ) + arguments
-    return runner.withArguments(allArguments)
+    return runner.withArguments(commonArguments + arguments)
   }
 
   inline fun run(
@@ -319,6 +315,12 @@ abstract class BasePluginTest {
       tasks.named('$SHADOW_RUN_TASK_NAME', ${JavaJarExec::class.java.name})
     """.trimIndent()
 
+    val commonArguments = listOf(
+      "--warning-mode=fail",
+      "--configuration-cache",
+      "--stacktrace",
+    )
+
     fun String.toProperties(): Properties = Properties().apply { load(byteInputStream()) }
 
     fun fromJar(vararg paths: Path): String {
diff --git a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/PublishingTest.kt b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/PublishingTest.kt
index 7310688b9..951c7cdc2 100644
--- a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/PublishingTest.kt
+++ b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/PublishingTest.kt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import assertk.assertThat
 import assertk.assertions.containsOnly
 import assertk.assertions.isEmpty
 import assertk.assertions.isEqualTo
-import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.AppendableMavenFileRepository
+import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.AppendableMavenRepository
 import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.GradleModuleMetadata
 import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.Issue
 import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.JarPath
@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ class PublishingTest : BasePluginTest() {
   private val gmmAdapter = moshi.adapter(GradleModuleMetadata::class.java)
   private val pomReader = MavenXpp3Reader()
 
-  private lateinit var publishingRepo: AppendableMavenFileRepository
+  private lateinit var remoteRepo: AppendableMavenRepository
 
   @BeforeEach
   override fun setup() {
     super.setup()
-    publishingRepo = repo("remote-repo")
+    remoteRepo = repo("remote-maven-repo")
 
     publishArtifactA()
     publishArtifactB()
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ class PublishingTest : BasePluginTest() {
   }
 
   private fun repoPath(path: String): Path {
-    return publishingRepo.rootDir.resolve(path).also {
+    return remoteRepo.root.resolve(path).also {
       check(it.exists()) { "Path not found: $it" }
       check(it.isRegularFile()) { "Path is not a regular file: $it" }
     }
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ class PublishingTest : BasePluginTest() {
           }
           repositories {
             maven {
-              url = '${publishingRepo.uri}'
+              url = '${remoteRepo.root.toUri()}'
             }
           }
         }
diff --git a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/RelocationTest.kt b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/RelocationTest.kt
index 3a5038030..43793f62a 100644
--- a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/RelocationTest.kt
+++ b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/RelocationTest.kt
@@ -288,9 +288,9 @@ class RelocationTest : BasePluginTest() {
   )
   @Test
   fun relocateResourceFiles() {
-    repo.module("shadow", "dep", "1.0")
-      .insertFile("foo/dep.properties", "c")
-      .publish()
+    localRepo.module("shadow", "dep", "1.0") {
+      insert("foo/dep.properties", "c")
+    }.publish()
     path("src/main/java/foo/Foo.java").writeText(
       """
         package foo;
diff --git a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/ShadowPluginTest.kt b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/ShadowPluginTest.kt
index 67f71634e..a06ad13e5 100644
--- a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/ShadowPluginTest.kt
+++ b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/ShadowPluginTest.kt
@@ -382,15 +382,15 @@ class ShadowPluginTest : BasePluginTest() {
 
   @Test
   fun excludeSomeMetaInfFilesByDefault() {
-    repo.module("shadow", "a", "1.0")
-      .insertFile("a.properties", "a")
-      .insertFile("META-INF/INDEX.LIST", "JarIndex-Version: 1.0")
-      .insertFile("META-INF/a.SF", "Signature File")
-      .insertFile("META-INF/a.DSA", "DSA Signature Block")
-      .insertFile("META-INF/a.RSA", "RSA Signature Block")
-      .insertFile("META-INF/a.properties", "key=value")
-      .insertFile("module-info.class", "module myModuleName {}")
-      .publish()
+    localRepo.module("shadow", "a", "1.0") {
+      insert("a.properties", "a")
+      insert("META-INF/INDEX.LIST", "JarIndex-Version: 1.0")
+      insert("META-INF/a.SF", "Signature File")
+      insert("META-INF/a.DSA", "DSA Signature Block")
+      insert("META-INF/a.RSA", "RSA Signature Block")
+      insert("META-INF/a.properties", "key=value")
+      insert("module-info.class", "module myModuleName {}")
+    }.publish()
 
     path("src/main/java/shadow/Passed.java").writeText(
       """
@@ -449,19 +449,16 @@ class ShadowPluginTest : BasePluginTest() {
 
   @Test
   fun includeJavaLibraryConfigurationsByDefault() {
-    repo.module("shadow", "api", "1.0")
-      .insertFile("api.properties", "api")
-      .publish()
-    repo.module("shadow", "implementation-dep", "1.0")
-      .insertFile("implementation-dep.properties", "implementation-dep")
-      .publish()
-    repo.module("shadow", "implementation", "1.0")
-      .insertFile("implementation.properties", "implementation")
-      .dependsOn("implementation-dep")
-      .publish()
-    repo.module("shadow", "runtimeOnly", "1.0")
-      .insertFile("runtimeOnly.properties", "runtimeOnly")
-      .publish()
+    localRepo.module("shadow", "api", "1.0") {
+      insert("api.properties", "api")
+    }.module("shadow", "implementation-dep", "1.0") {
+      insert("implementation-dep.properties", "implementation-dep")
+    }.module("shadow", "implementation", "1.0") {
+      insert("implementation.properties", "implementation")
+      addDependency("shadow", "implementation-dep", "1.0")
+    }.module("shadow", "runtimeOnly", "1.0") {
+      insert("runtimeOnly.properties", "runtimeOnly")
+    }.publish()
 
     projectScriptPath.writeText(
       """
@@ -511,12 +508,11 @@ class ShadowPluginTest : BasePluginTest() {
 
   @Test
   fun defaultCopyingStrategy() {
-    repo.module("shadow", "a", "1.0")
-      .insertFile("META-INF/MANIFEST.MF", "MANIFEST A")
-      .publish()
-    repo.module("shadow", "b", "1.0")
-      .insertFile("META-INF/MANIFEST.MF", "MANIFEST B")
-      .publish()
+    localRepo.module("shadow", "a", "1.0") {
+      insert("META-INF/MANIFEST.MF", "MANIFEST A")
+    }.module("shadow", "b", "1.0") {
+      insert("META-INF/MANIFEST.MF", "MANIFEST B")
+    }.publish()
 
     projectScriptPath.appendText(
       """
diff --git a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/transformers/BaseTransformerTest.kt b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/transformers/BaseTransformerTest.kt
index c38ad8a12..7f09688a6 100644
--- a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/transformers/BaseTransformerTest.kt
+++ b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/transformers/BaseTransformerTest.kt
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 package com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.transformers
 
 import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.BasePluginTest
-import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.AppendableJar
+import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.JarBuilder
 import java.nio.file.Path
 import kotlin.io.path.writeText
 
 sealed class BaseTransformerTest : BasePluginTest() {
 
   fun buildJarOne(
-    builder: AppendableJar.() -> Unit = {
+    builder: JarBuilder.() -> Unit = {
       insert(ENTRY_SERVICES_SHADE, CONTENT_ONE)
       insert(ENTRY_SERVICES_FOO, "one")
     },
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ sealed class BaseTransformerTest : BasePluginTest() {
   }
 
   fun buildJarTwo(
-    builder: AppendableJar.() -> Unit = {
+    builder: JarBuilder.() -> Unit = {
       insert(ENTRY_SERVICES_SHADE, CONTENT_TWO)
       insert(ENTRY_SERVICES_FOO, "two")
     },
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ sealed class BaseTransformerTest : BasePluginTest() {
     return buildJar("two.jar", builder)
   }
 
-  inline fun buildJar(path: String, builder: AppendableJar.() -> Unit): Path {
-    return AppendableJar(path(path)).apply(builder).write()
+  inline fun buildJar(path: String, builder: JarBuilder.() -> Unit): Path {
+    return JarBuilder(path(path)).apply(builder).write()
   }
 
   fun writeMainClass() {
diff --git a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/transformers/ServiceFileTransformerTest.kt b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/transformers/ServiceFileTransformerTest.kt
index 00de08e5a..6b0f8fec4 100644
--- a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/transformers/ServiceFileTransformerTest.kt
+++ b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/transformers/ServiceFileTransformerTest.kt
@@ -178,9 +178,9 @@ class ServiceFileTransformerTest : BaseTransformerTest() {
     val one = buildJarOne {
       insert(servicesShadowEntry, CONTENT_ONE)
     }.toUri().toURL().path
-    repo.module("shadow", "two", "1.0")
-      .insertFile(servicesShadowEntry, CONTENT_TWO)
-      .publish()
+    localRepo.module("shadow", "two", "1.0") {
+      insert(servicesShadowEntry, CONTENT_TWO)
+    }.publish()
 
     projectScriptPath.appendText(
       """
diff --git a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/AppendableJar.kt b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/AppendableJar.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 41b102d82..000000000
--- a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/AppendableJar.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-package com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util
-
-import java.io.OutputStream
-import java.nio.file.Path
-import kotlin.io.path.outputStream
-
-class AppendableJar(private val outputPath: Path) {
-  private val contents = mutableMapOf<String, String>()
-
-  fun insert(path: String, content: String): AppendableJar = apply {
-    contents[path] = content
-  }
-
-  fun write(): Path {
-    write(contents, outputPath.outputStream())
-    return outputPath
-  }
-
-  companion object {
-    fun write(contents: Map<String, String>, outputStream: OutputStream) {
-      val builder = JarBuilder(outputStream)
-      contents.forEach { (path, content) ->
-        builder.withPath(path, content)
-      }
-      builder.build()
-    }
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/AppendableMavenFileModule.kt b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/AppendableMavenFileModule.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index d41213392..000000000
--- a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/AppendableMavenFileModule.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-package com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util
-
-import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.repo.maven.MavenFileModule
-import java.nio.file.Path
-import kotlin.io.path.inputStream
-
-class AppendableMavenFileModule(module: MavenFileModule) : MavenFileModule(module.moduleDir, module.groupId, module.artifactId, module.version) {
-
-  private val contents = mutableMapOf<String, MutableMap<String, String>>().withDefault { mutableMapOf() }
-  private val paths = mutableMapOf<String, Path>()
-
-  fun use(path: Path): AppendableMavenFileModule {
-    return use("", path)
-  }
-
-  fun use(classifier: String, path: Path): AppendableMavenFileModule = apply {
-    paths[classifier] = path
-  }
-
-  fun insertFile(path: String, content: String): AppendableMavenFileModule {
-    return insertFile("", path, content)
-  }
-
-  fun insertFile(classifier: String, path: String, content: String): AppendableMavenFileModule = apply {
-    contents.getOrPut(classifier) { mutableMapOf() }[path] = content
-  }
-
-  override fun publishArtifact(artifact: Map<String, Any?>): Path {
-    val artifactPath = artifactPath(artifact)
-    if (type == "pom") {
-      return artifactPath
-    }
-    val classifier = artifact["classifier"] as? String ?: ""
-    val classifierPath = paths[classifier]
-    if (classifierPath != null) {
-      publish(artifactPath) { os ->
-        classifierPath.inputStream().copyTo(os)
-      }
-    } else {
-      publish(artifactPath) { os ->
-        AppendableJar.write(contents[classifier].orEmpty(), os)
-      }
-    }
-    return artifactPath
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/AppendableMavenFileRepository.kt b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/AppendableMavenFileRepository.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index e2ce40630..000000000
--- a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/AppendableMavenFileRepository.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-package com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util
-
-import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.repo.maven.MavenFileRepository
-import java.nio.file.Path
-
-class AppendableMavenFileRepository(rootDir: Path) : MavenFileRepository(rootDir) {
-
-  override fun module(groupId: String, artifactId: String, version: String): AppendableMavenFileModule {
-    return AppendableMavenFileModule(super.module(groupId, artifactId, version))
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/AppendableMavenRepository.kt b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/AppendableMavenRepository.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c37ac190a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/AppendableMavenRepository.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util
+
+import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.BasePluginTest.Companion.commonArguments
+import java.nio.file.Path
+import kotlin.io.path.createDirectories
+import kotlin.io.path.createFile
+import kotlin.io.path.name
+import kotlin.io.path.writeText
+import org.apache.maven.model.Dependency
+import org.apache.maven.model.Model
+import org.gradle.testkit.runner.GradleRunner
+
+class AppendableMavenRepository(
+  val root: Path,
+  private val gradleRunner: GradleRunner,
+) {
+  private val projectBuildScript: Path
+  private val modules = mutableListOf<Module>()
+
+  init {
+    root.createDirectories()
+    root.resolve("settings.gradle").createFile()
+      .writeText("rootProject.name = '${root.name}'")
+    projectBuildScript = root.resolve("build.gradle").createFile()
+  }
+
+  fun module(
+    groupId: String,
+    artifactId: String,
+    version: String,
+    action: Module.() -> Unit,
+  ) = apply {
+    modules += Module(groupId, artifactId, version).also(action)
+  }
+
+  fun publish() {
+    if (modules.isEmpty()) return
+    projectBuildScript.writeText(
+      """
+        plugins {
+          id 'maven-publish'
+        }
+        publishing {
+          publications {
+            ${modules.joinToString(System.lineSeparator()) { createPublication(it) }}
+          }
+          repositories {
+            maven {
+              url = '${root.toUri()}'
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      """.trimIndent(),
+    )
+    gradleRunner.withProjectDir(root.toFile()).withArguments(commonArguments + "publish").build()
+    modules.clear()
+  }
+
+  private fun createPublication(module: Module) = with(module) {
+    val outputJar = build(root)
+    val pubName = outputJar.name.replace(".", "")
+
+    var index = -1
+    val nodes = dependencies.joinToString(System.lineSeparator()) {
+      index++
+      val node = "dependencyNode$index"
+      """
+        def $node = dependenciesNode.appendNode('dependency')
+        $node.appendNode('groupId', '${it.groupId}')
+        $node.appendNode('artifactId', '${it.artifactId}')
+        $node.appendNode('version', '${it.version}')
+        $node.appendNode('scope', '${it.scope}')
+      """.trimIndent()
+    }
+
+    """
+      create('$pubName', MavenPublication) {
+        artifactId = '$artifactId'
+        groupId = '$groupId'
+        version = '$version'
+        artifact '${outputJar.toUri().toURL().path}'
+        pom.withXml { xml ->
+          def dependenciesNode = xml.asNode().get('dependencies') ?: xml.asNode().appendNode('dependencies')
+          $nodes
+        }
+      }
+    """.trimIndent() + System.lineSeparator()
+  }
+
+  class Module(
+    groupId: String,
+    artifactId: String,
+    version: String,
+  ) : Model() {
+    private val contents = mutableMapOf<String, String>()
+    private var existingJar: Path? = null
+
+    init {
+      this.groupId = groupId
+      this.artifactId = artifactId
+      this.version = version
+    }
+
+    fun useJar(existingJar: Path) {
+      this.existingJar = existingJar
+    }
+
+    fun insert(entry: String, content: String) {
+      contents[entry] = content
+    }
+
+    fun addDependency(groupId: String, artifactId: String, version: String, scope: String = "runtime") {
+      val dependency = Dependency().also {
+        it.groupId = groupId
+        it.artifactId = artifactId
+        it.version = version
+        it.scope = scope
+      }
+      addDependency(dependency)
+    }
+
+    fun build(root: Path): Path {
+      return existingJar ?: JarBuilder(root.resolve("$groupId-$artifactId-$version.jar"), contents).write()
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/JarBuilder.kt b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/JarBuilder.kt
index 2372d5823..1ed63a2d7 100644
--- a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/JarBuilder.kt
+++ b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/JarBuilder.kt
@@ -1,12 +1,36 @@
 package com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util
 
-import java.io.OutputStream
+import java.nio.file.Path
 import java.util.jar.JarEntry
 import java.util.jar.JarOutputStream
+import kotlin.io.path.outputStream
 
-class JarBuilder(os: OutputStream) {
+class JarBuilder(
+  private val outputPath: Path,
+  private val contents: MutableMap<String, String> = mutableMapOf(),
+) {
   private val entries = mutableSetOf<String>()
-  private val jos = JarOutputStream(os)
+  private val jos = JarOutputStream(outputPath.outputStream())
+
+  fun insert(path: String, content: String): JarBuilder = apply {
+    contents[path] = content
+  }
+
+  fun write(): Path {
+    jos.use {
+      contents.forEach { (entry, content) ->
+        val idx = entry.lastIndexOf('/')
+        if (idx != -1) {
+          addDirectory(entry.substring(0, idx))
+        }
+        if (entries.add(entry)) {
+          jos.putNextEntry(JarEntry(entry))
+          content.byteInputStream().copyTo(jos)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return outputPath
+  }
 
   private fun addDirectory(name: String) {
     if (entries.add(name)) {
@@ -18,20 +42,4 @@ class JarBuilder(os: OutputStream) {
       jos.putNextEntry(JarEntry("$name/"))
     }
   }
-
-  fun withPath(path: String, data: String): JarBuilder {
-    val idx = path.lastIndexOf('/')
-    if (idx != -1) {
-      addDirectory(path.substring(0, idx))
-    }
-    if (entries.add(path)) {
-      jos.putNextEntry(JarEntry(path))
-      data.byteInputStream().copyTo(jos)
-    }
-    return this
-  }
-
-  fun build() {
-    jos.close()
-  }
 }
diff --git a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/repo/AbstractModule.kt b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/repo/AbstractModule.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 827964aa4..000000000
--- a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/repo/AbstractModule.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-package com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.repo
-
-import java.io.OutputStream
-import java.io.UncheckedIOException
-import java.math.BigInteger
-import java.nio.file.Path
-import kotlin.io.path.absolutePathString
-import kotlin.io.path.exists
-import kotlin.io.path.moveTo
-import kotlin.io.path.name
-import kotlin.io.path.outputStream
-import kotlin.io.path.readBytes
-import kotlin.io.path.writeText
-import okio.ByteString.Companion.toByteString
-
-abstract class AbstractModule {
-
-  protected open fun postPublish(path: Path) = Unit
-
-  protected fun publish(path: Path, action: (OutputStream) -> Unit) {
-    val hashBefore = if (path.exists()) getHash(path, "sha1") else null
-    val tempPath = path.resolveSibling("${path.name}.tmp")
-    tempPath.outputStream().use(action)
-
-    val hashAfter = getHash(tempPath, "sha1")
-    if (hashAfter == hashBefore) {
-      // Already published
-      return
-    }
-
-    tempPath.moveTo(path, true)
-    check(path.exists())
-    writeSha1Path(path)
-    writeMd5Path(path)
-
-    postPublish(path)
-  }
-
-  companion object {
-    fun writeSha1Path(path: Path): Path {
-      return writeHashPath(path, "sha1", 40)
-    }
-
-    fun writeMd5Path(path: Path): Path {
-      return writeHashPath(path, "md5", 32)
-    }
-
-    private fun writeHashPath(path: Path, algorithm: String, len: Int): Path {
-      val hashPath = getHashPath(path, algorithm)
-      val hash = getHash(path, algorithm)
-      hashPath.writeText("$hash${len}x")
-      return hashPath
-    }
-
-    private fun getHashPath(path: Path, algorithm: String): Path {
-      return path.resolveSibling("${path.name}.$algorithm")
-    }
-
-    private fun getHash(path: Path, algorithm: String): BigInteger {
-      try {
-        val byteString = path.readBytes().toByteString()
-        val byteArray = when (algorithm.uppercase()) {
-          "MD5" -> byteString.md5()
-          "SHA1" -> byteString.sha1()
-          "SHA256" -> byteString.sha256()
-          "SHA512" -> byteString.sha512()
-          else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported algorithm: $algorithm")
-        }.toByteArray()
-        return BigInteger(1, byteArray)
-      } catch (e: UncheckedIOException) {
-        // Catch any unchecked io exceptions and add the file path for troubleshooting
-        throw UncheckedIOException(
-          "Failed to create $algorithm hash for file ${path.absolutePathString()}.",
-          e.cause,
-        )
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/repo/maven/AbstractMavenModule.kt b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/repo/maven/AbstractMavenModule.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 8d4ada5d6..000000000
--- a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/repo/maven/AbstractMavenModule.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,184 +0,0 @@
-package com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.repo.maven
-
-import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.repo.AbstractModule
-import java.nio.file.Path
-import java.text.SimpleDateFormat
-import java.util.Date
-import kotlin.io.path.createDirectories
-import kotlin.io.path.exists
-import kotlin.io.path.isRegularFile
-import kotlin.io.path.name
-import kotlin.io.path.reader
-import org.apache.maven.artifact.repository.metadata.Metadata
-import org.apache.maven.artifact.repository.metadata.Snapshot
-import org.apache.maven.artifact.repository.metadata.Versioning
-import org.apache.maven.artifact.repository.metadata.io.xpp3.MetadataXpp3Reader
-import org.apache.maven.artifact.repository.metadata.io.xpp3.MetadataXpp3Writer
-import org.apache.maven.model.Dependency
-import org.apache.maven.model.Model
-import org.apache.maven.model.io.xpp3.MavenXpp3Writer
-
-abstract class AbstractMavenModule(
-  val moduleDir: Path,
-  val groupId: String,
-  val artifactId: String,
-  val version: String,
-) : AbstractModule(),
-  MavenModule {
-
-  protected val updateFormat = SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss")
-  protected val timestampFormat = SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd.HHmmss")
-  protected val dependencies = mutableListOf<Dependency>()
-  protected val artifacts = mutableListOf<Map<String, String>>()
-
-  protected var type: String = "jar"
-  protected var packaging: String? = null
-  protected var publishCount: Int = 1
-
-  protected abstract val isUniqueSnapshots: Boolean
-  protected abstract val isPublishesMetaDataFile: Boolean
-
-  fun dependsOn(artifactId: String): MavenModule {
-    return dependsOn(groupId = groupId, artifactId = artifactId, version = version)
-  }
-
-  override fun dependsOn(groupId: String, artifactId: String, version: String): MavenModule = apply {
-    val dep = Dependency().also {
-      it.groupId = groupId
-      it.artifactId = artifactId
-      it.version = version
-    }
-    dependencies.add(dep)
-  }
-
-  override val pomPath: Path
-    get() = moduleDir.resolve("$artifactId-$publishArtifactVersion.pom")
-
-  override val metaDataPath: Path
-    get() = moduleDir.resolve(MAVEN_METADATA_FILE)
-
-  val rootMetaDataPath: Path
-    get() = moduleDir.resolveSibling(MAVEN_METADATA_FILE)
-
-  fun artifactPath(options: Map<String, Any?>): Path {
-    val artifact = toArtifact(options)
-    var fileName = "$artifactId-$publishArtifactVersion.${artifact["type"]}"
-    if (artifact["classifier"] != null) {
-      fileName = "$artifactId-$publishArtifactVersion-${artifact["classifier"]}.${artifact["type"]}"
-    }
-    return moduleDir.resolve(fileName)
-  }
-
-  override fun publishPom(): MavenModule = apply {
-    moduleDir.createDirectories()
-    val rootMavenMetaData = rootMetaDataPath
-    updateRootMavenMetaData(rootMavenMetaData)
-
-    if (isPublishesMetaDataFile) {
-      publish(metaDataPath) { outputStream ->
-        MetadataXpp3Writer().write(outputStream, getMetaData(emptyList()))
-      }
-    }
-
-    publish(pomPath) { outputStream ->
-      val pomPackaging = packaging ?: type
-      val model = Model().also {
-        it.modelVersion = "4.0.0"
-        it.groupId = groupId
-        it.artifactId = artifactId
-        it.version = version
-        it.packaging = pomPackaging
-        it.description = "Published on $publishTimestamp"
-        it.dependencies = dependencies
-      }
-      MavenXpp3Writer().write(outputStream, model)
-    }
-  }
-
-  open fun getMetaData(versions: List<String>): Metadata = Metadata().also {
-    it.groupId = groupId
-    it.artifactId = artifactId
-    it.version = version
-    it.versioning = Versioning().also { versioning ->
-      versioning.versions = versions
-      versioning.lastUpdated = updateFormat.format(publishTimestamp)
-      if (isUniqueSnapshots && version.endsWith("-SNAPSHOT")) {
-        versioning.snapshot = Snapshot().apply {
-          timestamp = timestampFormat.format(publishTimestamp)
-          buildNumber = publishCount
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  override fun publish(): MavenModule = apply {
-    publishPom()
-    artifacts.forEach { artifact ->
-      publishArtifact(artifact)
-    }
-    publishArtifact(emptyMap())
-  }
-
-  open fun publishArtifact(artifact: Map<String, Any?>): Path {
-    val artifactPath = artifactPath(artifact)
-    if (type == "pom") {
-      return artifactPath
-    }
-    publish(artifactPath) { outputStream ->
-      outputStream.write("${artifactPath.name} : $artifactContent".toByteArray())
-    }
-    return artifactPath
-  }
-
-  protected fun toArtifact(options: Map<String, Any?>): Map<String, Any?> {
-    val artifact = mutableMapOf(
-      "type" to (options["type"] ?: type),
-      "classifier" to options["classifier"],
-    )
-    require(options.keys.isEmpty()) { "Unknown options : ${options.keys}" }
-    return artifact
-  }
-
-  protected val publishArtifactVersion: String
-    get() = if (isUniqueSnapshots && version.endsWith("-SNAPSHOT")) {
-      "${version.removeSuffix("-SNAPSHOT")}-$uniqueSnapshotVersion"
-    } else {
-      version
-    }
-
-  protected val publishTimestamp: Date
-    get() = Date(updateFormat.parse("20100101120000").time + publishCount * 1000)
-
-  private fun updateRootMavenMetaData(rootMavenMetaData: Path) {
-    val allVersions = if (rootMavenMetaData.exists()) {
-      MetadataXpp3Reader().read(rootMavenMetaData.reader()).versioning.versions
-    } else {
-      mutableListOf()
-    }
-    allVersions.add(version)
-    publish(rootMavenMetaData) { outputStream ->
-      MetadataXpp3Writer().write(outputStream, getMetaData(allVersions))
-    }
-  }
-
-  private val artifactContent: String
-    // Some content to include in each artifact, so that its size and content varies on each pu
-    get() = (0..publishCount).joinToString("-")
-
-  private val uniqueSnapshotVersion: String
-    get() {
-      require(isUniqueSnapshots && version.endsWith("-SNAPSHOT"))
-      return if (metaDataPath.isRegularFile()) {
-        val metaData = MetadataXpp3Reader().read(metaDataPath.reader())
-        val timestamp = metaData.versioning.snapshot.timestamp
-        val build = metaData.versioning.snapshot.buildNumber
-        "$timestamp-$build"
-      } else {
-        "${timestampFormat.format(publishTimestamp)}-$publishCount"
-      }
-    }
-
-  protected companion object {
-    const val MAVEN_METADATA_FILE = "maven-metadata.xml"
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/repo/maven/MavenFileModule.kt b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/repo/maven/MavenFileModule.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 0807d4021..000000000
--- a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/repo/maven/MavenFileModule.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-package com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.repo.maven
-
-import java.nio.file.Path
-import org.apache.maven.artifact.repository.metadata.Metadata
-import org.apache.maven.artifact.repository.metadata.Snapshot
-import org.apache.maven.artifact.repository.metadata.Versioning
-
-open class MavenFileModule(
-  moduleDir: Path,
-  groupId: String,
-  artifactId: String,
-  version: String,
-) : AbstractMavenModule(moduleDir, groupId, artifactId, version) {
-
-  override val isUniqueSnapshots: Boolean = true
-
-  override fun getMetaData(versions: List<String>): Metadata {
-    return Metadata().also {
-      it.groupId = groupId
-      it.artifactId = artifactId
-      it.version = version
-      it.versioning = Versioning().also { versioning ->
-        versioning.versions = versions
-        versioning.snapshot = Snapshot().apply {
-          timestamp = timestampFormat.format(publishTimestamp)
-          buildNumber = publishCount
-        }
-        versioning.lastUpdated = updateFormat.format(publishTimestamp)
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  override val isPublishesMetaDataFile: Boolean
-    get() = isUniqueSnapshots && version.endsWith("-SNAPSHOT")
-}
diff --git a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/repo/maven/MavenFileRepository.kt b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/repo/maven/MavenFileRepository.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index e1ba0c089..000000000
--- a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/repo/maven/MavenFileRepository.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-package com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.repo.maven
-
-import java.net.URI
-import java.nio.file.Path
-
-/**
- * A fixture for dealing with file Maven repositories.
- */
-open class MavenFileRepository(val rootDir: Path) : MavenRepository {
-
-  override val uri: URI = rootDir.toUri()
-
-  override fun module(groupId: String, artifactId: String, version: String): MavenFileModule {
-    val artifactDir = rootDir.resolve("${groupId.replace('.', '/')}/$artifactId/$version")
-    return MavenFileModule(artifactDir, groupId, artifactId, version)
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/repo/maven/MavenModule.kt b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/repo/maven/MavenModule.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index e484f2a96..000000000
--- a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/repo/maven/MavenModule.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-package com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.repo.maven
-
-import java.nio.file.Path
-
-interface MavenModule {
-  /**
-   * Publishes the `pom.xml` plus main artifact, plus any additional artifacts for this module.
-   * Publishes only those artifacts whose content has changed since the last call to `publish()`.
-   */
-  fun publish(): MavenModule
-
-  /**
-   * Publishes the `pom.xml` only
-   */
-  fun publishPom(): MavenModule
-
-  fun dependsOn(groupId: String, artifactId: String, version: String): MavenModule
-
-  val pomPath: Path
-
-  val metaDataPath: Path
-}
diff --git a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/repo/maven/MavenRepository.kt b/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/repo/maven/MavenRepository.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 95ca83c86..000000000
--- a/src/intiTest/kotlin/com/github/jengelman/gradle/plugins/shadow/util/repo/maven/MavenRepository.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.util.repo.maven
-
-import java.net.URI
-
-/**
- * A fixture for dealing with Maven repositories.
- */
-interface MavenRepository {
-  val uri: URI
-
-  fun module(groupId: String, artifactId: String, version: String): MavenModule
-}