From fedada49c9a0929695ac619569aac44f739bd520 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Daniel=20Such=C3=BD?= <suchydan@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:38:40 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] feat: migrate units conversion utils

---
 package.json                |   3 +-
 src/index.ts                |   1 +
 src/unitsConversion.test.ts | 195 +++++++++++
 src/unitsConversion.ts      | 237 +++++++++++++
 yarn.lock                   | 650 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 5 files changed, 1007 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/unitsConversion.test.ts
 create mode 100644 src/unitsConversion.ts

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 9c0ed7062..540fe165d 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -108,7 +108,8 @@
     "ts-node": "^10.7.0",
     "tsd": "^0.29.0",
     "typedoc": "^0.23.15",
-    "typescript": "~5.0.4"
+    "typescript": "~5.0.4",
+    "web3": "^4.16.0"
   },
   "packageManager": "yarn@3.8.5",
   "engines": {
diff --git a/src/index.ts b/src/index.ts
index 9eae3660c..abeac3f8c 100644
--- a/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/index.ts
@@ -36,3 +36,4 @@ export * from './superstruct';
 export * from './time';
 export * from './transaction-types';
 export * from './versions';
+export * from './unitsConversion';
diff --git a/src/unitsConversion.test.ts b/src/unitsConversion.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c97e58ded
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/unitsConversion.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+// web3 dependency is not used in the codebase, but only in tests
+// eslint-disable-next-line import/no-extraneous-dependencies
+import { utils as web3Utils } from 'web3';
+
+import { toWei, fromWei, numberToString, unitMap } from './unitsConversion';
+
+const totalTypes = Object.keys(unitMap).length;
+
+/**
+ * Test random value conversion to Wei against web3 implementation.
+ *
+ * @param negative - Whether to test negative values.
+ */
+function testRandomValueAgainstWeb3ToWei(negative: boolean) {
+  const stringTestValue = `${negative ? '-' : ''}${String(
+    Math.floor(Math.random() * 100000000000000000 + 1),
+  )}`;
+  const randomunitsType = Object.keys(unitMap)[
+    Math.floor(Math.random() * (totalTypes - 1) + 1)
+  ] as keyof typeof unitMap;
+  const unitsValue = toWei(stringTestValue, randomunitsType);
+  const web3Value = BigInt(web3Utils.toWei(stringTestValue, randomunitsType));
+
+  expect(unitsValue).toStrictEqual(web3Value);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Test random value conversion from Wei against web3 implementation.
+ *
+ * @param negative - Whether to test negative values.
+ */
+function testRandomValueAgainstWeb3FromWei(negative: boolean) {
+  const stringTestValue = `${negative ? '-' : ''}${String(
+    Math.floor(Math.random() * 100000000000000000 + 1),
+  )}`;
+  const randomunitsType = Object.keys(unitMap)[
+    Math.floor(Math.random() * (totalTypes - 1) + 1)
+  ] as keyof typeof unitMap;
+  const unitsValue = fromWei(stringTestValue, randomunitsType);
+  const web3Value = web3Utils.fromWei(stringTestValue, randomunitsType);
+
+  // it(`fromWei should work like web3 rounded val ${unitsValue.substr(0, web3Value.length - 1)} should equal ${web3Value.substr(0, web3Value.length - 1)} for unit type ${randomunitsType}`, () => {
+
+  // Skip test cases where web3 has a formatting bug that makes the value unparseable
+  // Web3 formats negative decimals incorrectly as "0.000-123" instead of "-0.000123"
+  if (web3Value.includes('-') && !web3Value.startsWith('-')) {
+    // This is a known web3 bug, skip this test case
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Handle formatting differences between our implementation and web3
+  // Our implementation: "-0.123" vs web3: "-.123"
+  // Use numerical comparison for accuracy while allowing for precision differences
+  const unitsValueAsNumber = parseFloat(unitsValue);
+  const web3ValueAsNumber = parseFloat(web3Value);
+
+  // Allow for small floating point precision differences (up to 10 decimal places)
+  const tolerance = 1e-10;
+  expect(Math.abs(unitsValueAsNumber - web3ValueAsNumber)).toBeLessThan(
+    tolerance,
+  );
+  // });
+}
+
+describe('getValueOfUnit', () => {
+  it('should throw when undefined or not string', () => {
+    /**
+     * Helper function to test invalid unit.
+     */
+    function invalidFromWei() {
+      fromWei(1000000000000000000, 'something' as any);
+    }
+    expect(invalidFromWei).toThrow(Error);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('toWei', () => {
+  it('should handle edge cases', () => {
+    expect(toWei(0, 'wei').toString(10)).toBe('0');
+    expect(toWei('0.0', 'wei').toString(10)).toBe('0');
+    expect(toWei('.3', 'ether').toString(10)).toBe('300000000000000000');
+    expect(() => toWei('.', 'wei')).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(() => toWei('1.243842387924387924897423897423', 'ether')).toThrow(
+      Error,
+    );
+    expect(() => toWei('8723.98234.98234', 'ether')).toThrow(Error);
+  });
+
+  it('should return the correct value', () => {
+    expect(toWei(1, 'wei').toString(10)).toBe('1');
+    expect(toWei(1, 'kwei').toString(10)).toBe('1000');
+    expect(toWei(1, 'Kwei').toString(10)).toBe('1000');
+    expect(toWei(1, 'babbage').toString(10)).toBe('1000');
+    expect(toWei(1, 'mwei').toString(10)).toBe('1000000');
+    expect(toWei(1, 'Mwei').toString(10)).toBe('1000000');
+    expect(toWei(1, 'lovelace').toString(10)).toBe('1000000');
+    expect(toWei(1, 'gwei').toString(10)).toBe('1000000000');
+    expect(toWei(1, 'Gwei').toString(10)).toBe('1000000000');
+    expect(toWei(1, 'shannon').toString(10)).toBe('1000000000');
+    expect(toWei(1, 'szabo').toString(10)).toBe('1000000000000');
+    expect(toWei(1, 'finney').toString(10)).toBe('1000000000000000');
+    expect(toWei(1, 'ether').toString(10)).toBe('1000000000000000000');
+    expect(toWei(1, 'kether').toString(10)).toBe('1000000000000000000000');
+    expect(toWei(1, 'grand').toString(10)).toBe('1000000000000000000000');
+    expect(toWei(1, 'mether').toString(10)).toBe('1000000000000000000000000');
+    expect(toWei(1, 'gether').toString(10)).toBe(
+      '1000000000000000000000000000',
+    );
+    expect(toWei(1, 'tether').toString(10)).toBe(
+      '1000000000000000000000000000000',
+    );
+
+    expect(toWei(1, 'kwei').toString(10)).toBe(
+      toWei(1, 'femtoether').toString(10),
+    );
+    expect(toWei(1, 'szabo').toString(10)).toBe(
+      toWei(1, 'microether').toString(10),
+    );
+    expect(toWei(1, 'finney').toString(10)).toBe(
+      toWei(1, 'milliether').toString(10),
+    );
+    expect(toWei(1, 'milli').toString(10)).toBe(
+      toWei(1, 'milliether').toString(10),
+    );
+    expect(toWei(1, 'milli').toString(10)).toBe(
+      toWei(1000, 'micro').toString(10),
+    );
+
+    expect(() => {
+      toWei(1, 'wei1' as any);
+    }).toThrow(Error);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('numberToString', () => {
+  it('should handle edge cases', () => {
+    // expect(() => numberToString(null)).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(() => numberToString(undefined as any)).toThrow(Error);
+    // expect(() => numberToString(NaN)).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(() => numberToString({} as any)).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(() => numberToString([] as any)).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(() => numberToString('-1sdffsdsdf')).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(() => numberToString('-0..-...9')).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(() => numberToString('fds')).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(() => numberToString('')).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(() => numberToString('#')).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(numberToString(55)).toBe('55');
+    expect(numberToString(1)).toBe('1');
+    expect(numberToString(-1)).toBe('-1');
+    expect(numberToString(0)).toBe('0');
+    expect(numberToString(-0)).toBe('0');
+    expect(numberToString(10.1)).toBe('10.1');
+    expect(numberToString(BigInt(10))).toBe('10');
+    expect(numberToString(BigInt(10000))).toBe('10000');
+    expect(numberToString(BigInt('-1'))).toBe('-1');
+    expect(numberToString(BigInt('1'))).toBe('1');
+    expect(numberToString(BigInt(0))).toBe('0');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('fromWei', () => {
+  it('should handle options', () => {
+    expect(fromWei(10000000, 'wei', { commify: true })).toBe('10,000,000');
+  });
+
+  it('should return the correct value', () => {
+    expect(fromWei(1000000000000000000, 'wei')).toBe('1000000000000000000');
+    expect(fromWei(1000000000000000000, 'kwei')).toBe('1000000000000000');
+    expect(fromWei(1000000000000000000, 'mwei')).toBe('1000000000000');
+    expect(fromWei(1000000000000000000, 'gwei')).toBe('1000000000');
+    expect(fromWei(1000000000000000000, 'szabo')).toBe('1000000');
+    expect(fromWei(1000000000000000000, 'finney')).toBe('1000');
+    expect(fromWei(1000000000000000000, 'ether')).toBe('1');
+    expect(fromWei(1000000000000000000, 'kether')).toBe('0.001');
+    expect(fromWei(1000000000000000000, 'grand')).toBe('0.001');
+    expect(fromWei(1000000000000000000, 'mether')).toBe('0.000001');
+    expect(fromWei(1000000000000000000, 'gether')).toBe('0.000000001');
+    expect(fromWei(1000000000000000000, 'tether')).toBe('0.000000000001');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('units', () => {
+  describe('normal functionality', () => {
+    it('should be the same as web3', () => {
+      for (let i = 0; i < 15000; i++) {
+        testRandomValueAgainstWeb3ToWei(false);
+        testRandomValueAgainstWeb3ToWei(true);
+        testRandomValueAgainstWeb3FromWei(false);
+        testRandomValueAgainstWeb3FromWei(true);
+      }
+      // Ensure we've run the test loop
+      expect(true).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/unitsConversion.ts b/src/unitsConversion.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b456a1fb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/unitsConversion.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+/* eslint-disable operator-assignment */
+/*
+Primary Attribution
+Richard Moore <ricmoo@me.com>
+https://github.com/ethers-io
+
+Note, Richard is a god of ether gods. Follow and respect him, and use Ethers.io!
+*/
+
+const zero = BigInt(0);
+const negative1 = BigInt(-1);
+
+/**
+ * Converts a string, number, or bigint to a bigint.
+ *
+ * @param arg - The value to convert to bigint.
+ * @returns The bigint representation of the input.
+ * @throws Error if the input type cannot be converted to bigint.
+ */
+function numberToBigInt(arg: string | number | bigint): bigint {
+  if (typeof arg === 'string') {
+    return BigInt(arg);
+  }
+  if (typeof arg === 'number') {
+    return BigInt(arg);
+  }
+  if (typeof arg === 'bigint') {
+    return arg;
+  }
+
+  throw new Error(`Cannot convert ${typeof arg} to BigInt`);
+}
+
+// complete ethereum unit map
+export const unitMap = {
+  noether: '0',
+  wei: '1',
+  kwei: '1000',
+  Kwei: '1000',
+  babbage: '1000',
+  femtoether: '1000',
+  mwei: '1000000',
+  Mwei: '1000000',
+  lovelace: '1000000',
+  picoether: '1000000',
+  gwei: '1000000000',
+  Gwei: '1000000000',
+  shannon: '1000000000',
+  nanoether: '1000000000',
+  nano: '1000000000',
+  szabo: '1000000000000',
+  microether: '1000000000000',
+  micro: '1000000000000',
+  finney: '1000000000000000',
+  milliether: '1000000000000000',
+  milli: '1000000000000000',
+  ether: '1000000000000000000',
+  kether: '1000000000000000000000',
+  grand: '1000000000000000000000',
+  mether: '1000000000000000000000000',
+  gether: '1000000000000000000000000000',
+  tether: '1000000000000000000000000000000',
+} as const;
+
+type EthereumUnit = keyof typeof unitMap;
+
+/**
+ * Returns value of unit in Wei.
+ *
+ * @param unitInput - The unit to convert to, default ether.
+ * @returns Value of the unit (in Wei).
+ * @throws Error if the unit is not correct.
+ */
+export function getValueOfUnit(unitInput: EthereumUnit = 'ether'): bigint {
+  const unit = unitInput.toLowerCase() as EthereumUnit;
+  const unitValue = unitMap[unit];
+
+  if (typeof unitValue !== 'string') {
+    throw new Error(
+      `[ethjs-unit] the unit provided ${unitInput} doesn't exists, please use the one of the following units ${JSON.stringify(
+        unitMap,
+        null,
+        2,
+      )}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  return BigInt(unitValue);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts a number to a string.
+ *
+ * @param arg - The number to convert to a string.
+ * @returns The string representation of the number.
+ * @throws Error if the number is invalid.
+ */
+export function numberToString(arg: string | number | bigint) {
+  if (typeof arg === 'string') {
+    if (!arg.match(/^-?[0-9.]+$/u)) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `while converting number to string, invalid number value '${arg}', should be a number matching (^-?[0-9.]+).`,
+      );
+    }
+    return arg;
+  }
+  if (typeof arg === 'number') {
+    return String(arg);
+  }
+  // eslint-disable-next-line valid-typeof
+  if (typeof arg === 'bigint') {
+    return arg.toString();
+  }
+  throw new Error(
+    `while converting number to string, invalid number value '${String(
+      arg,
+    )}' type ${typeof arg}.`,
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts a number from Wei to a string.
+ *
+ * @param weiInput - The number to convert from Wei.
+ * @param unit - The unit to convert to, default ether.
+ * @param optionsInput - The options to use for the conversion.
+ * @param optionsInput.pad - Whether to pad the fractional part with zeros.
+ * @param optionsInput.commify - Whether to add commas to separate thousands.
+ * @returns The string representation of the number.
+ * @throws Error if the number is invalid.
+ */
+export function fromWei(
+  weiInput: string | number | bigint,
+  unit: EthereumUnit,
+  optionsInput?: { pad?: boolean; commify?: boolean },
+) {
+  var wei = numberToBigInt(weiInput); // eslint-disable-line
+  var negative = wei < zero; // eslint-disable-line
+  const base = getValueOfUnit(unit);
+  const baseLength = unitMap[unit].length - 1 || 1;
+  const options = optionsInput ?? {};
+
+  if (negative) {
+    wei = wei * negative1;
+  }
+
+  var fraction = (wei % base).toString(); // eslint-disable-line
+
+  while (fraction.length < baseLength) {
+    fraction = `0${fraction}`;
+  }
+
+  if (!options.pad) {
+    const fractionMatch = fraction.match(/^([0-9]*[1-9]|0)(0*)/u);
+    fraction = fractionMatch?.[1] ?? '0';
+  }
+
+  var whole = (wei / base).toString(); // eslint-disable-line
+
+  if (options.commify) {
+    whole = whole.replace(/\B(?=(\d{3})+(?!\d))/gu, ',');
+  }
+
+  var value = `${whole}${fraction == '0' ? '' : `.${fraction}`}`; // eslint-disable-line
+
+  if (negative) {
+    value = `-${value}`;
+  }
+
+  return value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts a number to Wei.
+ *
+ * @param etherInput - The number to convert to Wei.
+ * @param unit - The unit to convert to, default ether.
+ * @returns The number in Wei.
+ * @throws Error if the number is invalid.
+ */
+export function toWei(
+  etherInput: string | number | bigint,
+  unit: EthereumUnit,
+): bigint {
+  var ether = numberToString(etherInput); // eslint-disable-line
+  const base = getValueOfUnit(unit);
+  const baseLength = unitMap[unit].length - 1 || 1;
+
+  // Is it negative?
+  var negative = ether.substring(0, 1) === '-'; // eslint-disable-line
+  if (negative) {
+    ether = ether.substring(1);
+  }
+
+  if (ether === '.') {
+    throw new Error(
+      `[ethjs-unit] while converting number ${etherInput} to wei, invalid value`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Split it into a whole and fractional part
+  var comps = ether.split('.'); // eslint-disable-line
+  if (comps.length > 2) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `[ethjs-unit] while converting number ${etherInput} to wei,  too many decimal points`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  let whole = comps[0];
+  let fraction = comps[1];
+
+  if (!whole) {
+    whole = '0';
+  }
+  if (!fraction) {
+    fraction = '0';
+  }
+  if (fraction.length > baseLength) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `[ethjs-unit] while converting number ${etherInput} to wei, too many decimal places`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  while (fraction.length < baseLength) {
+    fraction += '0';
+  }
+
+  const wholeBigInt = BigInt(whole);
+  const fractionBigInt = BigInt(fraction);
+  let wei = wholeBigInt * base + fractionBigInt;
+
+  if (negative) {
+    wei = wei * negative1;
+  }
+
+  return wei;
+}
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index f4b55947d..ea7f84753 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -12,6 +12,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@adraffy/ens-normalize@npm:^1.8.8":
+  version: 1.11.0
+  resolution: "@adraffy/ens-normalize@npm:1.11.0"
+  checksum: b2911269e3e0ec6396a2e5433a99e0e1f9726befc6c167994448cd0e53dbdd0be22b4835b4f619558b568ed9aa7312426b8fa6557a13999463489daa88169ee5
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@ampproject/remapping@npm:^2.1.0":
   version: 2.2.0
   resolution: "@ampproject/remapping@npm:2.2.0"
@@ -498,6 +505,15 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@ethereumjs/rlp@npm:^5.0.2":
+  version: 5.0.2
+  resolution: "@ethereumjs/rlp@npm:5.0.2"
+  bin:
+    rlp: bin/rlp.cjs
+  checksum: b569061ddb1f4cf56a82f7a677c735ba37f9e94e2bbaf567404beb9e2da7aa1f595e72fc12a17c61f7aec67fd5448443efe542967c685a2fe0ffc435793dcbab
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@ethereumjs/tx@npm:^4.2.0":
   version: 4.2.0
   resolution: "@ethereumjs/tx@npm:4.2.0"
@@ -1111,6 +1127,7 @@ __metadata:
     typedoc: ^0.23.15
     typescript: ~5.0.4
     uuid: ^9.0.1
+    web3: ^4.16.0
   languageName: unknown
   linkType: soft
 
@@ -1632,6 +1649,15 @@ __metadata:
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   linkType: hard
 
+"@types/ws@npm:8.5.3":
+  version: 8.5.3
+  resolution: "@types/ws@npm:8.5.3"
+  dependencies:
+    "@types/node": "*"
+  checksum: 0ce46f850d41383fcdc2149bcacc86d7232fa7a233f903d2246dff86e31701a02f8566f40af5f8b56d1834779255c04ec6ec78660fe0f9b2a69cf3d71937e4ae
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@types/yargs-parser@npm:*":
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   resolution: "@types/yargs-parser@npm:21.0.0"
@@ -1853,6 +1879,19 @@ __metadata:
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+"abitype@npm:0.7.1":
+  version: 0.7.1
+  resolution: "abitype@npm:0.7.1"
+  peerDependencies:
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+    zod: ^3 >=3.19.1
+  peerDependenciesMeta:
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+      optional: true
+  checksum: de0d7082d28a4835b3d8dc4d8c75e9222c95a1f9eed13d6b2381403b46f46b68ea7a281e8ba6628d259a98c54ea466ebc206eec21db6205fa1641c7393854f5e
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "acorn-jsx@npm:^5.3.2":
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   resolution: "acorn-jsx@npm:5.3.2"
@@ -2137,10 +2176,12 @@ __metadata:
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+"available-typed-arrays@npm:^1.0.5, available-typed-arrays@npm:^1.0.7":
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+  resolution: "available-typed-arrays@npm:1.0.7"
+  dependencies:
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+  checksum: 1aa3ffbfe6578276996de660848b6e95669d9a95ad149e3dd0c0cda77db6ee1dbd9d1dd723b65b6d277b882dd0c4b91a654ae9d3cf9e1254b7e93e4908d78fd3
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+"call-bind-apply-helpers@npm:^1.0.0, call-bind-apply-helpers@npm:^1.0.1, call-bind-apply-helpers@npm:^1.0.2":
+  version: 1.0.2
+  resolution: "call-bind-apply-helpers@npm:1.0.2"
   dependencies:
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     es-errors: ^1.3.0
     function-bind: ^1.1.2
+  checksum: b2863d74fcf2a6948221f65d95b91b4b2d90cfe8927650b506141e669f7d5de65cea191bf788838bc40d13846b7886c5bc5c84ab96c3adbcf88ad69a72fcdc6b
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"call-bind@npm:^1.0.0, call-bind@npm:^1.0.2, call-bind@npm:^1.0.7, call-bind@npm:^1.0.8":
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+  resolution: "call-bind@npm:1.0.8"
+  dependencies:
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+  resolution: "web3-validator@npm:2.0.6"
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+  version: 4.16.0
+  resolution: "web3@npm:4.16.0"
+  dependencies:
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+    web3-errors: ^1.3.1
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+    web3-eth-abi: ^4.4.1
+    web3-eth-accounts: ^4.3.1
+    web3-eth-contract: ^4.7.2
+    web3-eth-ens: ^4.4.0
+    web3-eth-iban: ^4.0.7
+    web3-eth-personal: ^4.1.0
+    web3-net: ^4.1.0
+    web3-providers-http: ^4.2.0
+    web3-providers-ws: ^4.0.8
+    web3-rpc-methods: ^1.3.0
+    web3-rpc-providers: ^1.0.0-rc.4
+    web3-types: ^1.10.0
+    web3-utils: ^4.3.3
+    web3-validator: ^2.0.6
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+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"webidl-conversions@npm:^3.0.0":
+  version: 3.0.1
+  resolution: "webidl-conversions@npm:3.0.1"
+  checksum: c92a0a6ab95314bde9c32e1d0a6dfac83b578f8fa5f21e675bc2706ed6981bc26b7eb7e6a1fab158e5ce4adf9caa4a0aee49a52505d4d13c7be545f15021b17c
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"whatwg-url@npm:^5.0.0":
+  version: 5.0.0
+  resolution: "whatwg-url@npm:5.0.0"
+  dependencies:
+    tr46: ~0.0.3
+    webidl-conversions: ^3.0.0
+  checksum: b8daed4ad3356cc4899048a15b2c143a9aed0dfae1f611ebd55073310c7b910f522ad75d727346ad64203d7e6c79ef25eafd465f4d12775ca44b90fa82ed9e2c
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "which-boxed-primitive@npm:^1.0.2":
   version: 1.0.2
   resolution: "which-boxed-primitive@npm:1.0.2"
@@ -7559,16 +8029,18 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"which-typed-array@npm:^1.1.10, which-typed-array@npm:^1.1.11":
-  version: 1.1.11
-  resolution: "which-typed-array@npm:1.1.11"
+"which-typed-array@npm:^1.1.10, which-typed-array@npm:^1.1.16, which-typed-array@npm:^1.1.2":
+  version: 1.1.19
+  resolution: "which-typed-array@npm:1.1.19"
   dependencies:
-    available-typed-arrays: ^1.0.5
-    call-bind: ^1.0.2
-    for-each: ^0.3.3
-    gopd: ^1.0.1
-    has-tostringtag: ^1.0.0
-  checksum: 711ffc8ef891ca6597b19539075ec3e08bb9b4c2ca1f78887e3c07a977ab91ac1421940505a197758fb5939aa9524976d0a5bbcac34d07ed6faa75cedbb17206
+    available-typed-arrays: ^1.0.7
+    call-bind: ^1.0.8
+    call-bound: ^1.0.4
+    for-each: ^0.3.5
+    get-proto: ^1.0.1
+    gopd: ^1.2.0
+    has-tostringtag: ^1.0.2
+  checksum: 162d2a07f68ea323f88ed9419861487ce5d02cb876f2cf9dd1e428d04a63133f93a54f89308f337b27cabd312ee3d027cae4a79002b2f0a85b79b9ef4c190670
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -7663,6 +8135,21 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"ws@npm:^8.17.1":
+  version: 8.18.3
+  resolution: "ws@npm:8.18.3"
+  peerDependencies:
+    bufferutil: ^4.0.1
+    utf-8-validate: ">=5.0.2"
+  peerDependenciesMeta:
+    bufferutil:
+      optional: true
+    utf-8-validate:
+      optional: true
+  checksum: d64ef1631227bd0c5fe21b3eb3646c9c91229402fb963d12d87b49af0a1ef757277083af23a5f85742bae1e520feddfb434cb882ea59249b15673c16dc3f36e0
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "y18n@npm:^5.0.5":
   version: 5.0.8
   resolution: "y18n@npm:5.0.8"
@@ -7741,3 +8228,10 @@ __metadata:
   checksum: f77b3d8d00310def622123df93d4ee654fc6a0096182af8bd60679ddcdfb3474c56c6c7190817c84a2785648cdee9d721c0154eb45698c62176c322fb46fc700
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
+
+"zod@npm:^3.21.4":
+  version: 3.25.76
+  resolution: "zod@npm:3.25.76"
+  checksum: c9a403a62b329188a5f6bd24d5d935d2bba345f7ab8151d1baa1505b5da9f227fb139354b043711490c798e91f3df75991395e40142e6510a4b16409f302b849
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard

From fe0174246851827bb62297d1c997c5ed1ed15c8d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Daniel=20Such=C3=BD?= <suchydan@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Aug 2025 01:14:15 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] chore: perf improvements of conversion utils

---
 src/unitsConversion.test.ts | 336 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/unitsConversion.ts      |  84 +++++++--
 2 files changed, 402 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/unitsConversion.test.ts b/src/unitsConversion.test.ts
index c97e58ded..589131ec4 100644
--- a/src/unitsConversion.test.ts
+++ b/src/unitsConversion.test.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ import { utils as web3Utils } from 'web3';
 
 import { toWei, fromWei, numberToString, unitMap } from './unitsConversion';
 
+// Import the internal function for testing (note: this would normally be exported for testing)
+// For now we'll test it indirectly through the public functions
+
 const totalTypes = Object.keys(unitMap).length;
 
 /**
@@ -39,8 +42,6 @@ function testRandomValueAgainstWeb3FromWei(negative: boolean) {
   const unitsValue = fromWei(stringTestValue, randomunitsType);
   const web3Value = web3Utils.fromWei(stringTestValue, randomunitsType);
 
-  // it(`fromWei should work like web3 rounded val ${unitsValue.substr(0, web3Value.length - 1)} should equal ${web3Value.substr(0, web3Value.length - 1)} for unit type ${randomunitsType}`, () => {
-
   // Skip test cases where web3 has a formatting bug that makes the value unparseable
   // Web3 formats negative decimals incorrectly as "0.000-123" instead of "-0.000123"
   if (web3Value.includes('-') && !web3Value.startsWith('-')) {
@@ -72,6 +73,16 @@ describe('getValueOfUnit', () => {
     }
     expect(invalidFromWei).toThrow(Error);
   });
+
+  it('should handle optimized unit lookups correctly', () => {
+    // Test that invalid units throw errors with optimized lookups
+    expect(() => toWei(BigInt(1), 'invalidunit' as any)).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(() => fromWei(BigInt(1000), 'invalidunit' as any)).toThrow(Error);
+
+    // Test case insensitive lookups work
+    expect(() => toWei(1, 'ETHER' as any)).not.toThrow();
+    expect(() => fromWei(1000000000000000000, 'GWEI' as any)).not.toThrow();
+  });
 });
 
 describe('toWei', () => {
@@ -86,6 +97,96 @@ describe('toWei', () => {
     expect(() => toWei('8723.98234.98234', 'ether')).toThrow(Error);
   });
 
+  it('should handle BigInt inputs with fast path optimizations', () => {
+    // Fast path: BigInt + 'wei' unit (should return input directly)
+    expect(toWei(BigInt(123), 'wei')).toBe(BigInt(123));
+    expect(toWei(BigInt(0), 'wei')).toBe(BigInt(0));
+    expect(toWei(BigInt(-456), 'wei')).toBe(BigInt(-456));
+
+    // Fast path: BigInt + other units (should multiply by base)
+    expect(toWei(BigInt(1), 'ether')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000000000000'));
+    expect(toWei(BigInt(2), 'gwei')).toBe(BigInt('2000000000'));
+    expect(toWei(BigInt(5), 'kwei')).toBe(BigInt('5000'));
+    expect(toWei(BigInt(-1), 'ether')).toBe(BigInt('-1000000000000000000'));
+
+    // Test case sensitivity with BigInt (should work with optimized lookup)
+    expect(toWei(BigInt(1), 'Gwei')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000'));
+    expect(toWei(BigInt(1), 'ETHER' as any)).toBe(
+      BigInt('1000000000000000000'),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should handle large BigInt values', () => {
+    const largeBigInt = BigInt('999999999999999999999999999999');
+    expect(toWei(largeBigInt, 'wei')).toBe(largeBigInt);
+    expect(toWei(BigInt(1000), 'tether')).toBe(
+      BigInt('1000000000000000000000000000000000'),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should handle fractional input edge cases', () => {
+    // Empty whole part (leading decimal)
+    expect(toWei('.5', 'ether')).toBe(BigInt('500000000000000000'));
+    expect(toWei('.123', 'ether')).toBe(BigInt('123000000000000000'));
+    expect(toWei('.000000000000000001', 'ether')).toBe(BigInt('1'));
+
+    // Empty fractional part (trailing decimal)
+    expect(toWei('5.', 'ether')).toBe(BigInt('5000000000000000000'));
+    expect(toWei('123.', 'gwei')).toBe(BigInt('123000000000'));
+
+    // Maximum decimal places for different units
+    expect(toWei('1.000000000000000000', 'ether')).toBe(
+      BigInt('1000000000000000000'),
+    ); // 18 decimals for ether
+    expect(toWei('1.000000000', 'gwei')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000')); // 9 decimals for gwei
+    expect(toWei('1.000', 'kwei')).toBe(BigInt('1000')); // 3 decimals for kwei
+
+    // Negative fractional values
+    expect(toWei('-.5', 'ether')).toBe(BigInt('-500000000000000000'));
+    expect(toWei('-0.123', 'ether')).toBe(BigInt('-123000000000000000'));
+    expect(toWei('-5.', 'ether')).toBe(BigInt('-5000000000000000000'));
+
+    // Edge case: just a decimal point should throw
+    expect(() => toWei('.', 'ether')).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(() => toWei('-.', 'ether')).toThrow(Error);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle comprehensive negative value scenarios', () => {
+    // Negative integers
+    expect(toWei(-1, 'ether')).toBe(BigInt('-1000000000000000000'));
+    expect(toWei('-1', 'ether')).toBe(BigInt('-1000000000000000000'));
+
+    // Negative zero handling
+    expect(toWei(-0, 'ether')).toBe(BigInt('0'));
+    expect(toWei('-0', 'ether')).toBe(BigInt('0'));
+    expect(toWei('-0.0', 'ether')).toBe(BigInt('0'));
+
+    // Negative fractional values
+    expect(toWei(-1.5, 'ether')).toBe(BigInt('-1500000000000000000'));
+    expect(toWei('-1.5', 'ether')).toBe(BigInt('-1500000000000000000'));
+
+    // Negative BigInt values (should use fast path)
+    expect(toWei(BigInt(-123), 'wei')).toBe(BigInt(-123));
+    expect(toWei(BigInt(-456), 'gwei')).toBe(BigInt('-456000000000'));
+  });
+
+  it('should handle decimal precision edge cases', () => {
+    // Test maximum precision for each major unit type
+    const maxEtherDecimals = '0.123456789012345678'; // 18 decimal places
+    expect(toWei(maxEtherDecimals, 'ether')).toBe(BigInt('123456789012345678'));
+
+    const maxGweiDecimals = '0.123456789'; // 9 decimal places
+    expect(toWei(maxGweiDecimals, 'gwei')).toBe(BigInt('123456789'));
+
+    // Too many decimal places should throw
+    expect(() => toWei('1.1234567890123456789', 'ether')).toThrow(Error); // 19 decimals
+    expect(() => toWei('1.1234567890', 'gwei')).toThrow(Error); // 10 decimals
+
+    // Multiple decimal points should throw
+    expect(() => toWei('1.2.3', 'ether')).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(() => toWei('1..2', 'ether')).toThrow(Error);
+  });
+
   it('should return the correct value', () => {
     expect(toWei(1, 'wei').toString(10)).toBe('1');
     expect(toWei(1, 'kwei').toString(10)).toBe('1000');
@@ -156,6 +257,31 @@ describe('numberToString', () => {
     expect(numberToString(BigInt('1'))).toBe('1');
     expect(numberToString(BigInt(0))).toBe('0');
   });
+
+  it('should handle regex edge cases for string validation', () => {
+    // Valid patterns that should pass (based on regex /^-?[0-9.]+$/u)
+    expect(numberToString('123')).toBe('123');
+    expect(numberToString('-123')).toBe('-123');
+    expect(numberToString('123.456')).toBe('123.456');
+    expect(numberToString('-123.456')).toBe('-123.456');
+    expect(numberToString('0')).toBe('0');
+    expect(numberToString('0.0')).toBe('0.0');
+    expect(numberToString('-0')).toBe('-0');
+    expect(numberToString('123.')).toBe('123.'); // Trailing dot is actually valid per regex
+    expect(numberToString('.123')).toBe('.123'); // Leading dot is valid per regex
+    expect(numberToString('12.34.56')).toBe('12.34.56'); // Multiple dots are valid per regex
+
+    // Invalid patterns that should throw
+    expect(() => numberToString('abc')).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(() => numberToString('123abc')).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(() => numberToString('.123abc')).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(() => numberToString('--123')).toThrow(Error); // Double negative
+    expect(() => numberToString('123-')).toThrow(Error); // Trailing negative
+    expect(() => numberToString(' 123 ')).toThrow(Error); // Whitespace
+    expect(() => numberToString('1e10')).toThrow(Error); // Scientific notation
+    expect(() => numberToString('123a')).toThrow(Error); // Letters
+    expect(() => numberToString('a123')).toThrow(Error); // Letters at start
+  });
 });
 
 describe('fromWei', () => {
@@ -163,6 +289,109 @@ describe('fromWei', () => {
     expect(fromWei(10000000, 'wei', { commify: true })).toBe('10,000,000');
   });
 
+  it('should handle BigInt inputs with optimized lookups', () => {
+    // Test BigInt inputs with various units
+    expect(fromWei(BigInt('1000000000000000000'), 'ether')).toBe('1');
+    expect(fromWei(BigInt('2000000000'), 'gwei')).toBe('2');
+    expect(fromWei(BigInt('5000'), 'kwei')).toBe('5');
+    expect(fromWei(BigInt(0), 'ether')).toBe('0');
+
+    // Test negative BigInt values
+    expect(fromWei(BigInt('-1000000000000000000'), 'ether')).toBe('-1');
+    expect(fromWei(BigInt('-5000000000'), 'gwei')).toBe('-5');
+
+    // Test case sensitivity with BigInt
+    expect(fromWei(BigInt('1000000000'), 'Gwei')).toBe('1');
+    expect(fromWei(BigInt('1000000000000000000'), 'ETHER' as any)).toBe('1');
+
+    // Test large BigInt values
+    expect(fromWei(BigInt('999000000000000000000'), 'ether')).toBe('999');
+    expect(
+      fromWei(BigInt('1000000000000000000000000000000000'), 'tether'),
+    ).toBe('1000');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle BigInt with padding and commify options', () => {
+    // Test pad option with BigInt
+    expect(fromWei(BigInt('1500000000000000000'), 'ether', { pad: true })).toBe(
+      '1.500000000000000000',
+    );
+    expect(
+      fromWei(BigInt('1500000000000000000'), 'ether', { pad: false }),
+    ).toBe('1.5');
+
+    // Test commify option with BigInt
+    expect(
+      fromWei(BigInt('1000000000000000000000'), 'wei', { commify: true }),
+    ).toBe('1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000');
+    expect(
+      fromWei(BigInt('123456789000000000000000'), 'ether', { commify: true }),
+    ).toBe('123,456.789');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle fractional padding edge cases', () => {
+    // Test different padding scenarios
+    expect(fromWei('1500000000000000000', 'ether', { pad: true })).toBe(
+      '1.500000000000000000',
+    );
+    expect(fromWei('1500000000000000000', 'ether', { pad: false })).toBe('1.5');
+    expect(fromWei('1500000000000000000', 'ether')).toBe('1.5'); // Default is no pad
+
+    // Test zero fractional parts
+    expect(fromWei('1000000000000000000', 'ether', { pad: true })).toBe(
+      '1.000000000000000000',
+    );
+    expect(fromWei('1000000000000000000', 'ether', { pad: false })).toBe('1');
+    expect(fromWei('1000000000000000000', 'ether')).toBe('1'); // Default
+
+    // Test very small fractions
+    expect(fromWei('1', 'ether', { pad: true })).toBe('0.000000000000000001');
+    expect(fromWei('1', 'ether', { pad: false })).toBe('0.000000000000000001');
+    expect(fromWei('1', 'ether')).toBe('0.000000000000000001');
+
+    // Test trailing zeros removal
+    expect(fromWei('1230000000000000000', 'ether', { pad: false })).toBe(
+      '1.23',
+    );
+    expect(fromWei('1230000000000000000', 'ether', { pad: true })).toBe(
+      '1.230000000000000000',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should handle negative values with various formatting', () => {
+    // Negative values with padding
+    expect(fromWei('-1500000000000000000', 'ether', { pad: true })).toBe(
+      '-1.500000000000000000',
+    );
+    expect(fromWei('-1500000000000000000', 'ether', { pad: false })).toBe(
+      '-1.5',
+    );
+
+    // Negative values with commify
+    expect(fromWei('-1000000000000000000000', 'wei', { commify: true })).toBe(
+      '-1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000',
+    );
+
+    // Negative zero (special case)
+    expect(fromWei('-0', 'ether')).toBe('0');
+    expect(fromWei(BigInt(-0), 'ether')).toBe('0');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle very large and very small values', () => {
+    // Very large values
+    const largeWei = '999999999999999999999999999999';
+    expect(fromWei(largeWei, 'wei')).toBe(largeWei);
+    expect(fromWei(largeWei, 'ether')).toBe('999999999999.999999999999999999');
+
+    // Very small values
+    expect(fromWei('1', 'tether')).toBe('0.000000000000000000000000000001');
+    expect(fromWei('999', 'tether')).toBe('0.000000000000000000000000000999');
+
+    // Edge case: zero
+    expect(fromWei('0', 'ether')).toBe('0');
+    expect(fromWei(BigInt(0), 'ether')).toBe('0');
+  });
+
   it('should return the correct value', () => {
     expect(fromWei(1000000000000000000, 'wei')).toBe('1000000000000000000');
     expect(fromWei(1000000000000000000, 'kwei')).toBe('1000000000000000');
@@ -192,4 +421,107 @@ describe('units', () => {
       expect(true).toBe(true);
     });
   });
+
+  describe('performance optimizations', () => {
+    it('should handle mixed input types efficiently', () => {
+      // Test that all optimizations work together without breaking functionality
+      const testCases = [
+        { input: BigInt(1), unit: 'wei', expected: BigInt(1) },
+        {
+          input: BigInt(1),
+          unit: 'ether',
+          expected: BigInt('1000000000000000000'),
+        },
+        { input: '1', unit: 'ether', expected: BigInt('1000000000000000000') },
+        { input: 1, unit: 'ether', expected: BigInt('1000000000000000000') },
+        { input: BigInt(-1), unit: 'gwei', expected: BigInt('-1000000000') },
+      ];
+
+      testCases.forEach(({ input, unit, expected }) => {
+        expect(toWei(input, unit as any)).toBe(expected);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should handle all unit types with BigInt inputs', () => {
+      const units = Object.keys(unitMap) as (keyof typeof unitMap)[];
+
+      units.forEach((unit) => {
+        // Skip noether as it's a special case (base = 0)
+        if (unit === 'noether') {
+          // eslint-disable-next-line jest/no-conditional-expect
+          expect(toWei(BigInt(1), unit)).toBe(BigInt(0));
+          // eslint-disable-next-line jest/no-conditional-expect
+          expect(fromWei(BigInt(1000), unit)).toBe('0');
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // Test that BigInt conversion works for all units
+        const result = toWei(BigInt(1), unit);
+        expect(typeof result).toBe('bigint');
+        expect(result).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(BigInt(0));
+
+        // Test round trip conversion
+        const backToWei = fromWei(result, unit);
+        expect(parseFloat(backToWei)).toBe(1);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should maintain precision with large numbers', () => {
+      // Test that optimizations don't lose precision
+      const largeValue = BigInt('999999999999999999999999999999');
+      expect(toWei(largeValue, 'wei')).toBe(largeValue);
+
+      const largeEther = BigInt('999999999999999999999999999999');
+      const largeWei = toWei(largeEther, 'ether');
+      expect(fromWei(largeWei, 'ether')).toBe(largeEther.toString());
+    });
+
+    it('should handle boundary conditions and edge cases', () => {
+      // Test switching between fast and slow paths
+      expect(toWei(BigInt(0), 'wei')).toBe(BigInt(0)); // Fast path
+      expect(toWei('0', 'wei')).toBe(BigInt(0)); // Slow path
+      expect(toWei(0, 'wei')).toBe(BigInt(0)); // Slow path
+
+      // Test case sensitivity extensively
+      const testUnits = [
+        'wei',
+        'Wei',
+        'WEI',
+        'gwei',
+        'Gwei',
+        'GWEI',
+        'ether',
+        'Ether',
+        'ETHER',
+      ];
+      testUnits.forEach((unit) => {
+        expect(() => toWei(BigInt(1), unit as any)).not.toThrow();
+        expect(() => fromWei(BigInt(1000), unit as any)).not.toThrow();
+      });
+
+      // Test that optimized paths produce identical results to original paths
+      const testValues = [BigInt(1), '1', 1];
+      const testUnitsForComparison = ['wei', 'gwei', 'ether'];
+
+      testUnitsForComparison.forEach((unit) => {
+        const results = testValues.map((value) => toWei(value, unit as any));
+        // All results should be identical
+        expect(results[0]).toBe(results[1]);
+        expect(results[1]).toBe(results[2]);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should handle internal function edge cases', () => {
+      // Test numberToBigInt indirectly through toWei with various input types
+      expect(typeof toWei(BigInt(123), 'wei')).toBe('bigint');
+      expect(typeof toWei('123', 'wei')).toBe('bigint');
+      expect(typeof toWei(123, 'wei')).toBe('bigint');
+
+      // Test that invalid types would throw (tested through public API)
+      expect(() => toWei({} as any, 'wei')).toThrow(Error);
+      expect(() => toWei([] as any, 'wei')).toThrow(Error);
+      expect(() => toWei(null as any, 'wei')).toThrow(Error);
+      expect(() => toWei(undefined as any, 'wei')).toThrow(Error);
+    });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/src/unitsConversion.ts b/src/unitsConversion.ts
index b456a1fb6..325bc8558 100644
--- a/src/unitsConversion.ts
+++ b/src/unitsConversion.ts
@@ -62,6 +62,19 @@ export const unitMap = {
   tether: '1000000000000000000000000000000',
 } as const;
 
+// Pre-computed unit values as BigInt for performance
+const unitMapBigInt = Object.fromEntries(
+  Object.entries(unitMap).map(([key, value]) => [key, BigInt(value)]),
+) as Record<EthereumUnit, bigint>;
+
+const unitLengths = Object.fromEntries(
+  Object.entries(unitMap).map(([key, value]) => [key, value.length - 1 || 1]),
+) as Record<EthereumUnit, number>;
+
+const NUMBER_REGEX = /^-?[0-9.]+$/u;
+const FRACTION_REGEX = /^([0-9]*[1-9]|0)(0*)/u;
+const COMMIFY_REGEX = /\B(?=(\d{3})+(?!\d))/gu;
+
 type EthereumUnit = keyof typeof unitMap;
 
 /**
@@ -73,9 +86,9 @@ type EthereumUnit = keyof typeof unitMap;
  */
 export function getValueOfUnit(unitInput: EthereumUnit = 'ether'): bigint {
   const unit = unitInput.toLowerCase() as EthereumUnit;
-  const unitValue = unitMap[unit];
+  const unitValue = unitMapBigInt[unit];
 
-  if (typeof unitValue !== 'string') {
+  if (unitValue === undefined) {
     throw new Error(
       `[ethjs-unit] the unit provided ${unitInput} doesn't exists, please use the one of the following units ${JSON.stringify(
         unitMap,
@@ -85,7 +98,7 @@ export function getValueOfUnit(unitInput: EthereumUnit = 'ether'): bigint {
     );
   }
 
-  return BigInt(unitValue);
+  return unitValue;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -97,7 +110,7 @@ export function getValueOfUnit(unitInput: EthereumUnit = 'ether'): bigint {
  */
 export function numberToString(arg: string | number | bigint) {
   if (typeof arg === 'string') {
-    if (!arg.match(/^-?[0-9.]+$/u)) {
+    if (!NUMBER_REGEX.test(arg)) {
       throw new Error(
         `while converting number to string, invalid number value '${arg}', should be a number matching (^-?[0-9.]+).`,
       );
@@ -136,29 +149,43 @@ export function fromWei(
 ) {
   var wei = numberToBigInt(weiInput); // eslint-disable-line
   var negative = wei < zero; // eslint-disable-line
-  const base = getValueOfUnit(unit);
-  const baseLength = unitMap[unit].length - 1 || 1;
+  const unitLower = unit.toLowerCase() as EthereumUnit;
+  const base = unitMapBigInt[unitLower];
+  const baseLength = unitLengths[unitLower];
   const options = optionsInput ?? {};
 
+  if (base === undefined) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `[ethjs-unit] the unit provided ${unit} doesn't exists, please use the one of the following units ${JSON.stringify(
+        unitMap,
+        null,
+        2,
+      )}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Handle special case of noether (base = 0)
+  if (base === zero) {
+    return negative ? '-0' : '0';
+  }
+
   if (negative) {
     wei = wei * negative1;
   }
 
   var fraction = (wei % base).toString(); // eslint-disable-line
 
-  while (fraction.length < baseLength) {
-    fraction = `0${fraction}`;
-  }
+  fraction = fraction.padStart(baseLength, '0');
 
   if (!options.pad) {
-    const fractionMatch = fraction.match(/^([0-9]*[1-9]|0)(0*)/u);
+    const fractionMatch = fraction.match(FRACTION_REGEX);
     fraction = fractionMatch?.[1] ?? '0';
   }
 
   var whole = (wei / base).toString(); // eslint-disable-line
 
   if (options.commify) {
-    whole = whole.replace(/\B(?=(\d{3})+(?!\d))/gu, ',');
+    whole = whole.replace(COMMIFY_REGEX, ',');
   }
 
   var value = `${whole}${fraction == '0' ? '' : `.${fraction}`}`; // eslint-disable-line
@@ -182,9 +209,36 @@ export function toWei(
   etherInput: string | number | bigint,
   unit: EthereumUnit,
 ): bigint {
+  const unitLower = unit.toLowerCase() as EthereumUnit;
+  const base = unitMapBigInt[unitLower];
+  const baseLength = unitLengths[unitLower];
+
+  if (base === undefined) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `[ethjs-unit] the unit provided ${unit} doesn't exists, please use the one of the following units ${JSON.stringify(
+        unitMap,
+        null,
+        2,
+      )}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Handle special case of noether (base = 0)
+  if (base === zero) {
+    return zero;
+  }
+
+  // Fast path for bigint inputs when unit is wei (no conversion needed)
+  if (typeof etherInput === 'bigint' && unitLower === 'wei') {
+    return etherInput;
+  }
+
+  // Fast path for bigint inputs with whole units (no fractional part)
+  if (typeof etherInput === 'bigint') {
+    return etherInput * base;
+  }
+
   var ether = numberToString(etherInput); // eslint-disable-line
-  const base = getValueOfUnit(unit);
-  const baseLength = unitMap[unit].length - 1 || 1;
 
   // Is it negative?
   var negative = ether.substring(0, 1) === '-'; // eslint-disable-line
@@ -221,9 +275,7 @@ export function toWei(
     );
   }
 
-  while (fraction.length < baseLength) {
-    fraction += '0';
-  }
+  fraction = fraction.padEnd(baseLength, '0');
 
   const wholeBigInt = BigInt(whole);
   const fractionBigInt = BigInt(fraction);

From 87c0939aae1d05f5783dceec30cdf29317f9bda4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Daniel=20Such=C3=BD?= <suchydan@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2025 20:55:13 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] fix: add missing exports to tests

---
 src/index.test.ts | 5 +++++
 src/node.test.ts  | 5 +++++
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/index.test.ts b/src/index.test.ts
index 1db2b4793..428dd4bee 100644
--- a/src/index.test.ts
+++ b/src/index.test.ts
@@ -90,12 +90,14 @@ describe('index', () => {
         "createProjectLogger",
         "definePattern",
         "exactOptional",
+        "fromWei",
         "getChecksumAddress",
         "getErrorMessage",
         "getJsonRpcIdValidator",
         "getJsonSize",
         "getKnownPropertyNames",
         "getSafeJson",
+        "getValueOfUnit",
         "gtRange",
         "gtVersion",
         "hasProperty",
@@ -141,6 +143,7 @@ describe('index', () => {
         "jsonrpc2",
         "numberToBytes",
         "numberToHex",
+        "numberToString",
         "object",
         "parseCaipAccountId",
         "parseCaipAssetId",
@@ -155,6 +158,8 @@ describe('index', () => {
         "toCaipAssetId",
         "toCaipAssetType",
         "toCaipChainId",
+        "toWei",
+        "unitMap",
         "valueToBytes",
         "wrapError",
       ]
diff --git a/src/node.test.ts b/src/node.test.ts
index 4e1e8727e..9879912f6 100644
--- a/src/node.test.ts
+++ b/src/node.test.ts
@@ -95,12 +95,14 @@ describe('node', () => {
         "exactOptional",
         "fileExists",
         "forceRemove",
+        "fromWei",
         "getChecksumAddress",
         "getErrorMessage",
         "getJsonRpcIdValidator",
         "getJsonSize",
         "getKnownPropertyNames",
         "getSafeJson",
+        "getValueOfUnit",
         "gtRange",
         "gtVersion",
         "hasProperty",
@@ -146,6 +148,7 @@ describe('node', () => {
         "jsonrpc2",
         "numberToBytes",
         "numberToHex",
+        "numberToString",
         "object",
         "parseCaipAccountId",
         "parseCaipAssetId",
@@ -162,6 +165,8 @@ describe('node', () => {
         "toCaipAssetId",
         "toCaipAssetType",
         "toCaipChainId",
+        "toWei",
+        "unitMap",
         "valueToBytes",
         "wrapError",
         "writeFile",

From 777c69942dfdce53854053c39e1ffd7c42df796e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Daniel=20Such=C3=BD?= <suchydan@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2025 21:44:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] fix: add tests to satisfy coverage

---
 src/index.ts                |   8 +-
 src/unitsConversion.test.ts | 200 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 src/unitsConversion.ts      |   3 +-
 3 files changed, 200 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/index.ts b/src/index.ts
index abeac3f8c..f881536aa 100644
--- a/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/index.ts
@@ -36,4 +36,10 @@ export * from './superstruct';
 export * from './time';
 export * from './transaction-types';
 export * from './versions';
-export * from './unitsConversion';
+export {
+  toWei,
+  fromWei,
+  numberToString,
+  getValueOfUnit,
+  unitMap,
+} from './unitsConversion';
diff --git a/src/unitsConversion.test.ts b/src/unitsConversion.test.ts
index 589131ec4..46b64a0a1 100644
--- a/src/unitsConversion.test.ts
+++ b/src/unitsConversion.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,14 @@
 // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-extraneous-dependencies
 import { utils as web3Utils } from 'web3';
 
-import { toWei, fromWei, numberToString, unitMap } from './unitsConversion';
+import {
+  toWei,
+  fromWei,
+  numberToString,
+  numberToBigInt,
+  getValueOfUnit,
+  unitMap,
+} from './unitsConversion';
 
 // Import the internal function for testing (note: this would normally be exported for testing)
 // For now we'll test it indirectly through the public functions
@@ -64,14 +71,72 @@ function testRandomValueAgainstWeb3FromWei(negative: boolean) {
 }
 
 describe('getValueOfUnit', () => {
-  it('should throw when undefined or not string', () => {
-    /**
-     * Helper function to test invalid unit.
-     */
-    function invalidFromWei() {
-      fromWei(1000000000000000000, 'something' as any);
-    }
-    expect(invalidFromWei).toThrow(Error);
+  it('should return correct values for all units', () => {
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('noether')).toBe(BigInt('0'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('wei')).toBe(BigInt('1'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('kwei')).toBe(BigInt('1000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('Kwei')).toBe(BigInt('1000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('babbage')).toBe(BigInt('1000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('femtoether')).toBe(BigInt('1000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('mwei')).toBe(BigInt('1000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('Mwei')).toBe(BigInt('1000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('lovelace')).toBe(BigInt('1000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('picoether')).toBe(BigInt('1000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('gwei')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('Gwei')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('shannon')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('nanoether')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('nano')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('szabo')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('microether')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('micro')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('finney')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('milliether')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('milli')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('ether')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('kether')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000000000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('grand')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000000000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('mether')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000000000000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('gether')).toBe(
+      BigInt('1000000000000000000000000000'),
+    );
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('tether')).toBe(
+      BigInt('1000000000000000000000000000000'),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should use ether as default unit', () => {
+    expect(getValueOfUnit()).toBe(BigInt('1000000000000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit()).toBe(getValueOfUnit('ether'));
+  });
+
+  it('should handle case insensitive input', () => {
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('ETHER' as any)).toBe(BigInt('1000000000000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('Ether' as any)).toBe(BigInt('1000000000000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('GWEI' as any)).toBe(BigInt('1000000000'));
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('Gwei')).toBe(BigInt('1000000000'));
+  });
+
+  it('should throw error for invalid units', () => {
+    expect(() => getValueOfUnit('invalidunit' as any)).toThrow(
+      "[ethjs-unit] the unit provided invalidunit doesn't exists",
+    );
+    expect(() => getValueOfUnit('' as any)).toThrow(
+      "[ethjs-unit] the unit provided  doesn't exists",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should handle edge cases', () => {
+    // Test noether (special case with value 0)
+    expect(getValueOfUnit('noether')).toBe(BigInt(0));
+
+    // Test that all units from unitMap are supported
+    Object.keys(unitMap).forEach((unit) => {
+      expect(() => getValueOfUnit(unit as any)).not.toThrow();
+      expect(getValueOfUnit(unit as any)).toBe(
+        BigInt(unitMap[unit as keyof typeof unitMap]),
+      );
+    });
   });
 
   it('should handle optimized unit lookups correctly', () => {
@@ -289,6 +354,60 @@ describe('fromWei', () => {
     expect(fromWei(10000000, 'wei', { commify: true })).toBe('10,000,000');
   });
 
+  it('should handle pad option true', () => {
+    expect(fromWei('1500000000000000000', 'ether', { pad: true })).toBe(
+      '1.500000000000000000',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should handle commify option with large numbers', () => {
+    expect(fromWei('123456789000000000000000', 'wei', { commify: true })).toBe(
+      '123,456,789,000,000,000,000,000',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should handle combined pad and commify options', () => {
+    expect(
+      fromWei('1234567890123456789000', 'ether', { pad: true, commify: true }),
+    ).toBe('1,234.567890123456789000');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle options with different units', () => {
+    expect(fromWei('1234567890', 'gwei', { pad: true })).toBe('1.234567890');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle zero values with padding', () => {
+    expect(fromWei('0', 'ether', { pad: true })).toBe('0.000000000000000000');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle noether special case (base = 0)', () => {
+    // Test positive values with noether always return '0'
+    expect(fromWei(0, 'noether')).toBe('0');
+    expect(fromWei(1, 'noether')).toBe('0');
+    expect(fromWei(100, 'noether')).toBe('0');
+    expect(fromWei(999999999, 'noether')).toBe('0');
+    expect(fromWei('0', 'noether')).toBe('0');
+    expect(fromWei('123', 'noether')).toBe('0');
+    expect(fromWei('999999999999999999999', 'noether')).toBe('0');
+    expect(fromWei(BigInt(0), 'noether')).toBe('0');
+    expect(fromWei(BigInt(456), 'noether')).toBe('0');
+    expect(fromWei(BigInt('999999999999999999999'), 'noether')).toBe('0');
+
+    // Test negative values with noether always return '-0'
+    expect(fromWei(-1, 'noether')).toBe('-0');
+    expect(fromWei(-100, 'noether')).toBe('-0');
+    expect(fromWei(-999999999, 'noether')).toBe('-0');
+    expect(fromWei('-123', 'noether')).toBe('-0');
+    expect(fromWei('-999999999999999999999', 'noether')).toBe('-0');
+    expect(fromWei(BigInt(-456), 'noether')).toBe('-0');
+    expect(fromWei(BigInt('-999999999999999999999'), 'noether')).toBe('-0');
+
+    // Test edge case: negative zero should return '0', not '-0'
+    expect(fromWei(-0, 'noether')).toBe('0');
+    expect(fromWei('-0', 'noether')).toBe('0');
+    expect(fromWei(BigInt(-0), 'noether')).toBe('0');
+  });
+
   it('should handle BigInt inputs with optimized lookups', () => {
     // Test BigInt inputs with various units
     expect(fromWei(BigInt('1000000000000000000'), 'ether')).toBe('1');
@@ -408,6 +527,69 @@ describe('fromWei', () => {
   });
 });
 
+describe('numberToBigInt', () => {
+  it('should convert string/numbers to BigInt', () => {
+    expect(numberToBigInt('123')).toBe(BigInt(123));
+    expect(numberToBigInt('0')).toBe(BigInt(0));
+    expect(numberToBigInt('-456')).toBe(BigInt(-456));
+    expect(numberToBigInt('999999999999999999999')).toBe(
+      BigInt('999999999999999999999'),
+    );
+    expect(numberToBigInt(123)).toBe(BigInt(123));
+    expect(numberToBigInt(0)).toBe(BigInt(0));
+    expect(numberToBigInt(-456)).toBe(BigInt(-456));
+    expect(numberToBigInt(42.0)).toBe(BigInt(42));
+    // special cases
+    expect(numberToBigInt('')).toBe(BigInt(0));
+    expect(numberToBigInt('  123  ')).toBe(BigInt(123));
+  });
+
+  it('should return BigInt inputs unchanged', () => {
+    expect(numberToBigInt(BigInt(123))).toBe(BigInt(123));
+  });
+
+  it('should handle edge cases with numbers', () => {
+    expect(numberToBigInt(-0)).toBe(BigInt(0));
+    expect(numberToBigInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)).toBe(
+      BigInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER),
+    );
+    expect(numberToBigInt(Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER)).toBe(
+      BigInt(Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should throw error for invalid input types', () => {
+    expect(() => numberToBigInt(null as any)).toThrow(
+      'Cannot convert object to BigInt',
+    );
+    expect(() => numberToBigInt(undefined as any)).toThrow(
+      'Cannot convert undefined to BigInt',
+    );
+    expect(() => numberToBigInt({} as any)).toThrow(
+      'Cannot convert object to BigInt',
+    );
+    expect(() => numberToBigInt(true as any)).toThrow(
+      'Cannot convert boolean to BigInt',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should throw error for invalid string formats', () => {
+    expect(() => numberToBigInt('abc')).toThrow(SyntaxError);
+    expect(() => numberToBigInt('123abc')).toThrow(SyntaxError);
+    expect(() => numberToBigInt('12.34')).toThrow(SyntaxError); // Decimal strings not supported by BigInt
+    expect(() => numberToBigInt('1e10')).toThrow(SyntaxError); // Scientific notation not supported
+  });
+
+  it('should throw error for non-integer numbers', () => {
+    expect(() => numberToBigInt(12.34)).toThrow(RangeError);
+    expect(() => numberToBigInt(0.5)).toThrow(RangeError);
+    expect(() => numberToBigInt(-7.89)).toThrow(RangeError);
+    expect(() => numberToBigInt(NaN)).toThrow(RangeError);
+    expect(() => numberToBigInt(Infinity)).toThrow(RangeError);
+    expect(() => numberToBigInt(-Infinity)).toThrow(RangeError);
+  });
+});
+
 describe('units', () => {
   describe('normal functionality', () => {
     it('should be the same as web3', () => {
diff --git a/src/unitsConversion.ts b/src/unitsConversion.ts
index 325bc8558..cee572b09 100644
--- a/src/unitsConversion.ts
+++ b/src/unitsConversion.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ const negative1 = BigInt(-1);
  * @returns The bigint representation of the input.
  * @throws Error if the input type cannot be converted to bigint.
  */
-function numberToBigInt(arg: string | number | bigint): bigint {
+export function numberToBigInt(arg: string | number | bigint): bigint {
   if (typeof arg === 'string') {
     return BigInt(arg);
   }
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ export function fromWei(
 
   if (!options.pad) {
     const fractionMatch = fraction.match(FRACTION_REGEX);
+    // istanbul ignore next: defensive fallback that's never reachable but necessary to satisfy TS
     fraction = fractionMatch?.[1] ?? '0';
   }
 

From 67db48615635c6f515f896e3c47966fb89e73979 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Daniel=20Such=C3=BD?= <suchydan@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2025 16:11:33 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] chore: remove unused eslint disable

---
 src/unitsConversion.test.ts | 2 --
 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/unitsConversion.test.ts b/src/unitsConversion.test.ts
index 46b64a0a1..169412b4a 100644
--- a/src/unitsConversion.test.ts
+++ b/src/unitsConversion.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-// web3 dependency is not used in the codebase, but only in tests
-// eslint-disable-next-line import/no-extraneous-dependencies
 import { utils as web3Utils } from 'web3';
 
 import {

From d4892403dc1961b129af8705f413b1775b409f00 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Daniel=20Such=C3=BD?= <suchydan@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2025 23:51:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] chore: better error messages, use let + const

---
 src/unitsConversion.test.ts | 66 ++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 src/unitsConversion.ts      | 31 +++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/unitsConversion.test.ts b/src/unitsConversion.test.ts
index 169412b4a..f8cd58b41 100644
--- a/src/unitsConversion.test.ts
+++ b/src/unitsConversion.test.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import {
   toWei,
   fromWei,
   numberToString,
-  numberToBigInt,
+  numericToBigInt,
   getValueOfUnit,
   unitMap,
 } from './unitsConversion';
@@ -117,10 +117,10 @@ describe('getValueOfUnit', () => {
 
   it('should throw error for invalid units', () => {
     expect(() => getValueOfUnit('invalidunit' as any)).toThrow(
-      "[ethjs-unit] the unit provided invalidunit doesn't exists",
+      "The unit provided invalidunit doesn't exist",
     );
     expect(() => getValueOfUnit('' as any)).toThrow(
-      "[ethjs-unit] the unit provided  doesn't exists",
+      "The unit provided  doesn't exist",
     );
   });
 
@@ -525,66 +525,66 @@ describe('fromWei', () => {
   });
 });
 
-describe('numberToBigInt', () => {
+describe('numericToBigInt', () => {
   it('should convert string/numbers to BigInt', () => {
-    expect(numberToBigInt('123')).toBe(BigInt(123));
-    expect(numberToBigInt('0')).toBe(BigInt(0));
-    expect(numberToBigInt('-456')).toBe(BigInt(-456));
-    expect(numberToBigInt('999999999999999999999')).toBe(
+    expect(numericToBigInt('123')).toBe(BigInt(123));
+    expect(numericToBigInt('0')).toBe(BigInt(0));
+    expect(numericToBigInt('-456')).toBe(BigInt(-456));
+    expect(numericToBigInt('999999999999999999999')).toBe(
       BigInt('999999999999999999999'),
     );
-    expect(numberToBigInt(123)).toBe(BigInt(123));
-    expect(numberToBigInt(0)).toBe(BigInt(0));
-    expect(numberToBigInt(-456)).toBe(BigInt(-456));
-    expect(numberToBigInt(42.0)).toBe(BigInt(42));
+    expect(numericToBigInt(123)).toBe(BigInt(123));
+    expect(numericToBigInt(0)).toBe(BigInt(0));
+    expect(numericToBigInt(-456)).toBe(BigInt(-456));
+    expect(numericToBigInt(42.0)).toBe(BigInt(42));
     // special cases
-    expect(numberToBigInt('')).toBe(BigInt(0));
-    expect(numberToBigInt('  123  ')).toBe(BigInt(123));
+    expect(numericToBigInt('')).toBe(BigInt(0));
+    expect(numericToBigInt('  123  ')).toBe(BigInt(123));
   });
 
   it('should return BigInt inputs unchanged', () => {
-    expect(numberToBigInt(BigInt(123))).toBe(BigInt(123));
+    expect(numericToBigInt(BigInt(123))).toBe(BigInt(123));
   });
 
   it('should handle edge cases with numbers', () => {
-    expect(numberToBigInt(-0)).toBe(BigInt(0));
-    expect(numberToBigInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)).toBe(
+    expect(numericToBigInt(-0)).toBe(BigInt(0));
+    expect(numericToBigInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)).toBe(
       BigInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER),
     );
-    expect(numberToBigInt(Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER)).toBe(
+    expect(numericToBigInt(Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER)).toBe(
       BigInt(Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER),
     );
   });
 
   it('should throw error for invalid input types', () => {
-    expect(() => numberToBigInt(null as any)).toThrow(
+    expect(() => numericToBigInt(null as any)).toThrow(
       'Cannot convert object to BigInt',
     );
-    expect(() => numberToBigInt(undefined as any)).toThrow(
+    expect(() => numericToBigInt(undefined as any)).toThrow(
       'Cannot convert undefined to BigInt',
     );
-    expect(() => numberToBigInt({} as any)).toThrow(
+    expect(() => numericToBigInt({} as any)).toThrow(
       'Cannot convert object to BigInt',
     );
-    expect(() => numberToBigInt(true as any)).toThrow(
+    expect(() => numericToBigInt(true as any)).toThrow(
       'Cannot convert boolean to BigInt',
     );
   });
 
   it('should throw error for invalid string formats', () => {
-    expect(() => numberToBigInt('abc')).toThrow(SyntaxError);
-    expect(() => numberToBigInt('123abc')).toThrow(SyntaxError);
-    expect(() => numberToBigInt('12.34')).toThrow(SyntaxError); // Decimal strings not supported by BigInt
-    expect(() => numberToBigInt('1e10')).toThrow(SyntaxError); // Scientific notation not supported
+    expect(() => numericToBigInt('abc')).toThrow(SyntaxError);
+    expect(() => numericToBigInt('123abc')).toThrow(SyntaxError);
+    expect(() => numericToBigInt('12.34')).toThrow(SyntaxError); // Decimal strings not supported by BigInt
+    expect(() => numericToBigInt('1e10')).toThrow(SyntaxError); // Scientific notation not supported
   });
 
   it('should throw error for non-integer numbers', () => {
-    expect(() => numberToBigInt(12.34)).toThrow(RangeError);
-    expect(() => numberToBigInt(0.5)).toThrow(RangeError);
-    expect(() => numberToBigInt(-7.89)).toThrow(RangeError);
-    expect(() => numberToBigInt(NaN)).toThrow(RangeError);
-    expect(() => numberToBigInt(Infinity)).toThrow(RangeError);
-    expect(() => numberToBigInt(-Infinity)).toThrow(RangeError);
+    expect(() => numericToBigInt(12.34)).toThrow(RangeError);
+    expect(() => numericToBigInt(0.5)).toThrow(RangeError);
+    expect(() => numericToBigInt(-7.89)).toThrow(RangeError);
+    expect(() => numericToBigInt(NaN)).toThrow(RangeError);
+    expect(() => numericToBigInt(Infinity)).toThrow(RangeError);
+    expect(() => numericToBigInt(-Infinity)).toThrow(RangeError);
   });
 });
 
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ describe('units', () => {
     });
 
     it('should handle internal function edge cases', () => {
-      // Test numberToBigInt indirectly through toWei with various input types
+      // Test numericToBigInt indirectly through toWei with various input types
       expect(typeof toWei(BigInt(123), 'wei')).toBe('bigint');
       expect(typeof toWei('123', 'wei')).toBe('bigint');
       expect(typeof toWei(123, 'wei')).toBe('bigint');
diff --git a/src/unitsConversion.ts b/src/unitsConversion.ts
index cee572b09..4f1b1b34c 100644
--- a/src/unitsConversion.ts
+++ b/src/unitsConversion.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ const negative1 = BigInt(-1);
  * @returns The bigint representation of the input.
  * @throws Error if the input type cannot be converted to bigint.
  */
-export function numberToBigInt(arg: string | number | bigint): bigint {
+export function numericToBigInt(arg: string | number | bigint): bigint {
   if (typeof arg === 'string') {
     return BigInt(arg);
   }
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ export function getValueOfUnit(unitInput: EthereumUnit = 'ether'): bigint {
 
   if (unitValue === undefined) {
     throw new Error(
-      `[ethjs-unit] the unit provided ${unitInput} doesn't exists, please use the one of the following units ${JSON.stringify(
+      `The unit provided ${unitInput} doesn't exist, please use the one of the following units ${JSON.stringify(
         unitMap,
         null,
         2,
@@ -120,7 +120,6 @@ export function numberToString(arg: string | number | bigint) {
   if (typeof arg === 'number') {
     return String(arg);
   }
-  // eslint-disable-next-line valid-typeof
   if (typeof arg === 'bigint') {
     return arg.toString();
   }
@@ -147,8 +146,8 @@ export function fromWei(
   unit: EthereumUnit,
   optionsInput?: { pad?: boolean; commify?: boolean },
 ) {
-  var wei = numberToBigInt(weiInput); // eslint-disable-line
-  var negative = wei < zero; // eslint-disable-line
+  let wei = numericToBigInt(weiInput);
+  const negative = wei < zero;
   const unitLower = unit.toLowerCase() as EthereumUnit;
   const base = unitMapBigInt[unitLower];
   const baseLength = unitLengths[unitLower];
@@ -156,7 +155,7 @@ export function fromWei(
 
   if (base === undefined) {
     throw new Error(
-      `[ethjs-unit] the unit provided ${unit} doesn't exists, please use the one of the following units ${JSON.stringify(
+      `The unit provided ${unit} doesn't exist, please use the one of the following units ${JSON.stringify(
         unitMap,
         null,
         2,
@@ -173,7 +172,7 @@ export function fromWei(
     wei = wei * negative1;
   }
 
-  var fraction = (wei % base).toString(); // eslint-disable-line
+  let fraction = (wei % base).toString();
 
   fraction = fraction.padStart(baseLength, '0');
 
@@ -183,13 +182,13 @@ export function fromWei(
     fraction = fractionMatch?.[1] ?? '0';
   }
 
-  var whole = (wei / base).toString(); // eslint-disable-line
+  let whole = (wei / base).toString();
 
   if (options.commify) {
     whole = whole.replace(COMMIFY_REGEX, ',');
   }
 
-  var value = `${whole}${fraction == '0' ? '' : `.${fraction}`}`; // eslint-disable-line
+  let value = `${whole}${fraction === '0' ? '' : `.${fraction}`}`;
 
   if (negative) {
     value = `-${value}`;
@@ -216,7 +215,7 @@ export function toWei(
 
   if (base === undefined) {
     throw new Error(
-      `[ethjs-unit] the unit provided ${unit} doesn't exists, please use the one of the following units ${JSON.stringify(
+      `The unit provided ${unit} doesn't exist, please use the one of the following units ${JSON.stringify(
         unitMap,
         null,
         2,
@@ -239,25 +238,25 @@ export function toWei(
     return etherInput * base;
   }
 
-  var ether = numberToString(etherInput); // eslint-disable-line
+  let ether = numberToString(etherInput);
 
   // Is it negative?
-  var negative = ether.substring(0, 1) === '-'; // eslint-disable-line
+  const negative = ether.startsWith('-');
   if (negative) {
     ether = ether.substring(1);
   }
 
   if (ether === '.') {
     throw new Error(
-      `[ethjs-unit] while converting number ${etherInput} to wei, invalid value`,
+      `While converting number ${etherInput} to wei, invalid value`,
     );
   }
 
   // Split it into a whole and fractional part
-  var comps = ether.split('.'); // eslint-disable-line
+  const comps = ether.split('.');
   if (comps.length > 2) {
     throw new Error(
-      `[ethjs-unit] while converting number ${etherInput} to wei,  too many decimal points`,
+      `While converting number ${etherInput} to wei,  too many decimal points`,
     );
   }
 
@@ -272,7 +271,7 @@ export function toWei(
   }
   if (fraction.length > baseLength) {
     throw new Error(
-      `[ethjs-unit] while converting number ${etherInput} to wei, too many decimal places`,
+      `While converting number ${etherInput} to wei, too many decimal places`,
     );
   }