Your sleep is currently being analyzed
+- Ever wonder what is the value of this application? This page aims to illustrate the relative performance of our sleep scoring compared to - clinical hypnogram scoring (which is usually considered the state-of-the-art technique). + Ever wonder what is the value of this application? This page aims to illustrate the relative performance of + our sleep scoring compared to clinical hypnogram scoring (which is usually considered the state-of-the-art + technique).
Here is the plan:
- Of course, we are analyzing only one night of sleep so it is therefore - tricky to draw general conclusions about your sleep. It is however - fascinating to see how your night was. -
-Without further ado, this is what was your night of sleep:
-- We have seen that sleep can be decomposed in mainly two stages, - whereas REM and NREM, and that we can observe different stage - proportions across age, gender and different sleep disorders. We’ve - also defined other measures of your sleep architecture, such as your - sleep latency, efficiency and total sleep time. In order to improve - your sleep hygiene, many elements can be considered: -
-- Although we’ve looked at many aspects of your night’s sleep, we - haven’t properly looked at your sleep dynamics, whereas how your sleep - evolves overnight. -
-- A hypnogram allows you to visually inspect the evolution of your - night, through time. The vertical axis represents how hard it is to - wake up, namely the sleep deepness. We see that REM is one of the - lightest sleep stages (along with N1), because we unknowingly wake up - from that stage. Those short periods of arousal often last no longer - than 15 seconds, are followed by a lighter sleep stage, and cannot be - remembered the next morning. If they are too frequent, they can affect - your sleep quality. [5] We can see that, throughout the night, stages - follow about the same pattern, whereas we go from NREM (either N1, N2 - and N3) and then to REM, and so on. We call those sleep cycles, and - those typically range from four to six, each one lasting from 90 to - 110 minutes. Another commonly looked at measurement is the time - between sleep onset and the first REM epoch, namely REM latency, which - corresponds to 20 minutes. -
-- Sleep cycles take place in a broader process, named the circadian - rhythm. It is the one that regulates our wake and sleep cycles over a - 24 hours period. -
-- You’ve been able to visualize and inspect your night of sleep, which - we’ve classified only based on your EEG recordings. In a sleep lab, - electrophysiology technicians generally look at your EEG, EOG and - submental EMG, and then manually classify each epoch of 30 seconds - that compose your night. By looking at your EEG recordings, we can see - some patterns that can help electrophysiology technicians, and our - classifier, discriminate sleep stages throughout the night. -
-- Above, we can see the same chart from the first visualization, which - represents your sleep stages through the night. Below it, there are - spectrograms of both your EEG channels. Spectrograms can be viewed as - if we took all of your nights signal, we’ve separated it in contiguous - 30 seconds chunks, stacked then horizontally and to which we’ve - applied the fast fourier transform. We then have, for each 30 seconds - epoch, the corresponding amplitudes for each frequency that makes up - the signal, hence the spectra. We then converted the scale to - logarithmic, to better see the differences in the spectrums. We then - speak of signal power instead of signal amplitude, because we look at - the spectrums in a logarithmic scale. -
-- How to read it? -
-- Red therefore means that in that 30 seconds time frame, that - particular frequency had a big amplitude. Green means that you had - that frequency with a lower amplitude. Dark blue means that you didn’t - have that frequency in the signal. -
-- To get a better understanding at how spectrograms work, you can check - out - - {' '} - this visualization{' '} - - that decomposes sound frequency from your microphone. -
-- Generally, when talking about brain waves, we group certain - frequencies together into bands. There are overall five frequency - bands, where each has a general associated behaviour, or state of - mind. We will cover those when looking at time frames corresponding to - each sleep stage. -
-- We can associate wake stages with low-amplitude activity in the 15 to - 60 Hz frequency range, called the beta band. By slowly falling asleep, - the signal frequencies tend to decrease into the 4 to 8 Hz range, or - the theta band, and to have larger amplitudes. These characteristics - are associated with N1. N2 stage has the same characteristics, and - also includes sleep spindles. They last only a few seconds and are a - large oscillation in the 10 to 15 hz band. Because they do not occur - during all of the 30 seconds period, they cannot be seen here. Stage - N3, also called slow wave sleep, is characterized by slower waves - between 0.5 and 4 Hz, known as the delta range, with large amplitudes. - REM stage has the same characteristics as Wake stage, whereas there - are low voltage high frequency activity. -
-Wanna know how accurate this data is?
- -- Here is represented spectrograms of both your EEG channels. - Spectrograms can be viewed as if we took all of your nights signal, - we’ve separated it in contiguous 30 seconds chunks, stacked then - horizontally and to which we’ve applied the fast fourier transform. - We then have, for each 30 seconds epoch, the corresponding - amplitudes for each frequency that makes up the signal, hence the - spectra. -
-- We then converted the scale to logarithmic, to better see the - differences in the spectrums. We then speak of signal power instead - of signal amplitude, because we look at the spectrums in a - logarithmic scale. -
-- Red therefore means that in that 30 seconds time frame, that - particular frequency had a big amplitude. Green means that you had - that frequency with a lower amplitude. Dark blue means that you - didn’t have that frequency in the signal. -
-- To get a better understanding at how spectrograms work, you can{' '} - - check out this example - {' '} - that decomposes sound frequency from your microphone. -
-- Generally, when talking about brain waves, we group certain - frequencies together into bands. There are overall five frequency - bands, where each has a general associated behaviour, or state of - mind. We will cover those when looking at time frames corresponding - to each sleep stage. -
-- We can associate wake stages with low-amplitude activity in the 15 - to 60 Hz frequency range, called the beta band. [6] -
-- By slowly falling asleep, the signal frequencies tend to decrease - into the 4 to 8 Hz range, or the theta band, and to have larger - amplitudes. These characteristics are associated with N1. -
-- N2 stage has the same characteristics as N1, and also includes sleep - spindles. They last only a few seconds and are a large oscillation - in the 10 to 15 hz band. Because they do not occur during all of the - 30 seconds period, they cannot be seen here. [6] -
-- Stage N3, also called slow wave sleep, is characterized by slower - waves between 0.5 and 4 Hz, known as the delta range, with large - amplitudes. [6] -
-- REM stage has the same characteristics as Wake stage, whereas there - are low voltage high frequency activity. [6] -
-+ Of course, we are analyzing only one night of sleep so it is therefore tricky to draw general conclusions + about your sleep. It is however fascinating to see how your night was. +
+Without further ado, this is what was your night of sleep:
++ We have seen that sleep can be decomposed in mainly two stages, whereas REM and NREM, and that we can observe + different stage proportions across age, gender and different sleep disorders. We’ve also defined other + measures of your sleep architecture, such as your sleep latency, efficiency and total sleep time. In order to + improve your sleep hygiene, many elements can be considered: +
++ Although we’ve looked at many aspects of your night’s sleep, we haven’t properly looked at your sleep + dynamics, whereas how your sleep evolves overnight. +
++ A hypnogram allows you to visually inspect the evolution of your night, through time. The vertical axis + represents how hard it is to wake up, namely the sleep deepness. We see that REM is one of the lightest sleep + stages (along with N1), because we unknowingly wake up from that stage. Those short periods of arousal often + last no longer than 15 seconds, are followed by a lighter sleep stage, and cannot be remembered the next + morning. If they are too frequent, they can affect your sleep quality. [5] We can see that, throughout the + night, stages follow about the same pattern, whereas we go from NREM (either N1, N2 and N3) and then to REM, + and so on. We call those sleep cycles, and those typically range from four to six, each one lasting from 90 to + 110 minutes. Another commonly looked at measurement is the time between sleep onset and the first REM epoch, + namely REM latency, which corresponds to 20 minutes. +
++ Sleep cycles take place in a broader process, named the circadian rhythm. It is the one that regulates our + wake and sleep cycles over a 24 hours period. +
++ You’ve been able to visualize and inspect your night of sleep, which we’ve classified only based on your EEG + recordings. In a sleep lab, electrophysiology technicians generally look at your EEG, EOG and submental EMG, + and then manually classify each epoch of 30 seconds that compose your night. By looking at your EEG + recordings, we can see some patterns that can help electrophysiology technicians, and our classifier, + discriminate sleep stages throughout the night. +
++ Above, we can see the same chart from the first visualization, which represents your sleep stages through the + night. Below it, there are spectrograms of both your EEG channels. Spectrograms can be viewed as if we took + all of your nights signal, we’ve separated it in contiguous 30 seconds chunks, stacked then horizontally and + to which we’ve applied the fast fourier transform. We then have, for each 30 seconds epoch, the corresponding + amplitudes for each frequency that makes up the signal, hence the spectra. We then converted the scale to + logarithmic, to better see the differences in the spectrums. We then speak of signal power instead of signal + amplitude, because we look at the spectrums in a logarithmic scale. +
++ How to read it? +
++ Red therefore means that in that 30 seconds time frame, that particular frequency had a big amplitude. Green + means that you had that frequency with a lower amplitude. Dark blue means that you didn’t have that frequency + in the signal. +
++ To get a better understanding at how spectrograms work, you can check out + + {' '} + this visualization{' '} + + that decomposes sound frequency from your microphone. +
++ Generally, when talking about brain waves, we group certain frequencies together into bands. There are overall + five frequency bands, where each has a general associated behaviour, or state of mind. We will cover those + when looking at time frames corresponding to each sleep stage. +
++ We can associate wake stages with low-amplitude activity in the 15 to 60 Hz frequency range, called the beta + band. By slowly falling asleep, the signal frequencies tend to decrease into the 4 to 8 Hz range, or the theta + band, and to have larger amplitudes. These characteristics are associated with N1. N2 stage has the same + characteristics, and also includes sleep spindles. They last only a few seconds and are a large oscillation in + the 10 to 15 hz band. Because they do not occur during all of the 30 seconds period, they cannot be seen here. + Stage N3, also called slow wave sleep, is characterized by slower waves between 0.5 and 4 Hz, known as the + delta range, with large amplitudes. REM stage has the same characteristics as Wake stage, whereas there are + low voltage high frequency activity. +
+Wanna know how accurate this data is?
++ Here is represented spectrograms of both your EEG channels. Spectrograms can be viewed as if we took all of + your nights signal, we’ve separated it in contiguous 30 seconds chunks, stacked then horizontally and to + which we’ve applied the fast fourier transform. We then have, for each 30 seconds epoch, the corresponding + amplitudes for each frequency that makes up the signal, hence the spectra. +
++ We then converted the scale to logarithmic, to better see the differences in the spectrums. We then speak of + signal power instead of signal amplitude, because we look at the spectrums in a logarithmic scale. +
++ Red therefore means that in that 30 seconds time frame, that particular frequency had a big amplitude. Green + means that you had that frequency with a lower amplitude. Dark blue means that you didn’t have that + frequency in the signal. +
++ To get a better understanding at how spectrograms work, you can{' '} + + check out this example + {' '} + that decomposes sound frequency from your microphone. +
++ Generally, when talking about brain waves, we group certain frequencies together into bands. There are + overall five frequency bands, where each has a general associated behaviour, or state of mind. We will cover + those when looking at time frames corresponding to each sleep stage. +
++ We can associate wake stages with low-amplitude activity in the 15 to 60 Hz frequency range, called the beta + band. [6] +
++ By slowly falling asleep, the signal frequencies tend to decrease into the 4 to 8 Hz range, or the theta + band, and to have larger amplitudes. These characteristics are associated with N1. +
++ N2 stage has the same characteristics as N1, and also includes sleep spindles. They last only a few seconds + and are a large oscillation in the 10 to 15 hz band. Because they do not occur during all of the 30 seconds + period, they cannot be seen here. [6] +
++ Stage N3, also called slow wave sleep, is characterized by slower waves between 0.5 and 4 Hz, known as the + delta range, with large amplitudes. [6] +
++ REM stage has the same characteristics as Wake stage, whereas there are low voltage high frequency activity. + [6] +
+- We can see that each colored block represents a part of your night. - They are ordered from bed time to out of bed timestamps you’ve - written in your journal. Each color is associated with a specific - sleep stage. You went to bed at 12:22 am and you got out of bed at - 9:47 am, which adds up to 9 hours and 25 minutes of time spent in - bed. Of this total time, you spent 7 hours and 27 minutes actually - sleeping. You first fell asleep at XX:XX, to which we will refer to - as sleep onset. The last non wake block ended at XX:XX, which can - also be referred to as sleep offset. During that night's sleep, you - went through each of the 5 five stages. Let's try to see a little - better what happened about each of them. + We can see that each colored block represents a part of your night. They are ordered from bed time to out of + bed timestamps you’ve written in your journal. Each color is associated with a specific sleep stage. You + went to bed at 12:22 am and you got out of bed at 9:47 am, which adds up to 9 hours and 25 minutes of time + spent in bed. Of this total time, you spent 7 hours and 27 minutes actually sleeping. You first fell asleep + at XX:XX, to which we will refer to as sleep onset. The last non wake block ended at XX:XX, which can also + be referred to as sleep offset. During that night's sleep, you went through each of the 5 five stages. Let's + try to see a little better what happened about each of them.
- Wake stage is of course the stage we want to minimize when in bed. - It can be decomposed into two parts: -
+Wake stage is of course the stage we want to minimize when in bed. It can be decomposed into two parts:
- REM stage stands for “Rapid Eyes Movements” and is - also known as “paradoxical sleep”. It is associated with dreaming - and, as the National Sleep Foundation says,{' '} + REM stage stands for “Rapid Eyes Movements” and is also known as “paradoxical sleep”. It is + associated with dreaming and, as the National Sleep Foundation says,{' '} “the brain is awake and body paralyzed.”
- N1 stage is associated with that drowsy feeling - before falling asleep. Most people wouldn’t say they fell asleep if - they’ve been woken up from N1 sleep. + N1 stage is associated with that drowsy feeling before falling asleep. Most people wouldn’t + say they fell asleep if they’ve been woken up from N1 sleep.
- N2 stage still corresponds to a light sleep, but - where the muscle activity decreases more, and the eyes have stopped - moving. It is called, along with N1, light sleep. + N2 stage still corresponds to a light sleep, but where the muscle activity decreases more, + and the eyes have stopped moving. It is called, along with N1, light sleep.
- N3 stage is when you are deeply asleep, hence it’s - also called deep sleep, or sometimes{' '} - slow wave sleep, and is the most difficult to wake - up from. It is during those stages that your cells get repaired, and - that tissue grows. But how much time did you spend in each stage + N3 stage is when you are deeply asleep, hence it’s also called deep sleep, + or sometimes slow wave sleep, and is the most difficult to wake up from. It is during those + stages that your cells get repaired, and that tissue grows. But how much time did you spend in each stage during the whole night?
- From here, we can look at your sleep efficiency, which is the - proportion of time spent asleep over the overall time spent in bed. - In your case, it corresponds to 79%, or 7h27. + From here, we can look at your sleep efficiency, which is the proportion of time spent asleep over the + overall time spent in bed. In your case, it corresponds to 79%, or 7h27.
- We are currently looking at your in bed sleep stage proportions. - Wake time may be overrepresented, because it includes your sleep - latency and the time you spent in bed after waking up. In order to - look at your actual stage proportions, we must cut them out from - wake time to only keep WASO. + We are currently looking at your in bed sleep stage proportions. Wake time may be overrepresented, because + it includes your sleep latency and the time you spent in bed after waking up. In order to look at your + actual stage proportions, we must cut them out from wake time to only keep WASO.
- We can see that the most prominent sleep stage is N2, which in your - case corresponds to XXXX. How does your night compare to other - people’s night? + We can see that the most prominent sleep stage is N2, which in your case corresponds to XXXX. How does your + night compare to other people’s night?
- As a rule of thumb, adults approximately stay 5% of their total - sleep time in N1; 50% in N2; and 20% is in N3. The remaining 25% is - REM stage sleep. + As a rule of thumb, adults approximately stay 5% of their total sleep time in N1; 50% in N2; and 20% is in + N3. The remaining 25% is REM stage sleep.