diff --git a/ml-kem/src/kem.rs b/ml-kem/src/kem.rs
index 711059e..4ffc41a 100644
--- a/ml-kem/src/kem.rs
+++ b/ml-kem/src/kem.rs
@@ -271,9 +271,8 @@ where
         (dk, ek)
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "deterministic")]
-    fn generate_deterministic(d: B32, z: B32) -> (Self::DecapsulationKey, Self::EncapsulationKey) {
-        let dk = Self::DecapsulationKey::generate_deterministic(d, z);
+    fn from_seed(seed: Seed) -> (Self::DecapsulationKey, Self::EncapsulationKey) {
+        let dk = Self::DecapsulationKey::from_seed(seed);
         let ek = dk.encapsulation_key().clone();
         (dk, ek)
     }
diff --git a/ml-kem/src/traits.rs b/ml-kem/src/traits.rs
index 0e8c6fb..6131c13 100644
--- a/ml-kem/src/traits.rs
+++ b/ml-kem/src/traits.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
-use crate::{ArraySize, Ciphertext, SharedKey};
+//! Trait definitions
+
+use crate::{ArraySize, Ciphertext, Seed, SharedKey};
 use core::fmt::Debug;
 use hybrid_array::Array;
 use kem::{Decapsulate, Encapsulate};
 use rand_core::CryptoRng;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "deterministic")]
-use crate::util::B32;
+use crate::B32;
 
 /// An object that knows what size it is
 pub trait EncodedSizeUser {
@@ -52,28 +54,18 @@ pub trait KemCore: Clone {
         + PartialEq;
 
     /// An encapsulation key for this KEM
-    #[cfg(not(feature = "deterministic"))]
-    type EncapsulationKey: Encapsulate<Ciphertext<Self>, SharedKey<Self>>
-        + EncodedSizeUser
-        + Clone
-        + Debug
-        + PartialEq;
-
-    /// An encapsulation key for this KEM
-    #[cfg(feature = "deterministic")]
     type EncapsulationKey: Encapsulate<Ciphertext<Self>, SharedKey<Self>>
-        + EncapsulateDeterministic<Ciphertext<Self>, SharedKey<Self>>
         + EncodedSizeUser
         + Clone
         + Debug
         + PartialEq;
 
-    /// Generate a new (decapsulation, encapsulation) key pair
+    /// Generate a new (decapsulation, encapsulation) key pair.
     fn generate<R: CryptoRng + ?Sized>(
         rng: &mut R,
     ) -> (Self::DecapsulationKey, Self::EncapsulationKey);
 
-    /// Generate a new (decapsulation, encapsulation) key pair deterministically
-    #[cfg(feature = "deterministic")]
-    fn generate_deterministic(d: B32, z: B32) -> (Self::DecapsulationKey, Self::EncapsulationKey);
+    /// Generate a new (decapsulation, encapsulation) key pair deterministically from the given
+    /// uniformly random seed value.
+    fn from_seed(seed: Seed) -> (Self::DecapsulationKey, Self::EncapsulationKey);
 }
diff --git a/ml-kem/tests/encap-decap.rs b/ml-kem/tests/encap-decap.rs
index 64d0247..2a9e98c 100644
--- a/ml-kem/tests/encap-decap.rs
+++ b/ml-kem/tests/encap-decap.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,11 @@ fn verify_encap_group(tg: &acvp::EncapTestGroup) {
     }
 }
 
-fn verify_encap<K: KemCore>(tc: &acvp::EncapTestCase) {
+fn verify_encap<K>(tc: &acvp::EncapTestCase)
+where
+    K: KemCore,
+    K::EncapsulationKey: EncapsulateDeterministic<Ciphertext<K>, SharedKey<K>>,
+{
     let m = Array::try_from(tc.m.as_slice()).unwrap();
     let ek_bytes = Encoded::<K::EncapsulationKey>::try_from(tc.ek.as_slice()).unwrap();
     let ek = K::EncapsulationKey::from_bytes(&ek_bytes);
diff --git a/ml-kem/tests/key-gen.rs b/ml-kem/tests/key-gen.rs
index 37fa44a..d60801f 100644
--- a/ml-kem/tests/key-gen.rs
+++ b/ml-kem/tests/key-gen.rs
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ fn acvp_key_gen() {
 
 fn verify<K: KemCore>(tc: &acvp::TestCase) {
     // Import test data into the relevant array structures
-    let d = Array::try_from(tc.d.as_slice()).unwrap();
-    let z = Array::try_from(tc.z.as_slice()).unwrap();
+    let d: B32 = Array::try_from(tc.d.as_slice()).unwrap();
+    let z: B32 = Array::try_from(tc.z.as_slice()).unwrap();
     let dk_bytes = Encoded::<K::DecapsulationKey>::try_from(tc.dk.as_slice()).unwrap();
     let ek_bytes = Encoded::<K::EncapsulationKey>::try_from(tc.ek.as_slice()).unwrap();
 
-    let (dk, ek) = K::generate_deterministic(d, z);
+    let (dk, ek) = K::from_seed(d.concat(z));
 
     // Verify correctness via serialization
     assert_eq!(dk.as_bytes().as_slice(), tc.dk.as_slice());
diff --git a/x-wing/src/lib.rs b/x-wing/src/lib.rs
index 201e2df..6ced38c 100644
--- a/x-wing/src/lib.rs
+++ b/x-wing/src/lib.rs
@@ -178,9 +178,8 @@ impl DecapsulationKey {
         shaker.update(&self.sk);
         let mut expanded: Shake256Reader = shaker.finalize_xof();
 
-        let d = read_from(&mut expanded).into();
-        let z = read_from(&mut expanded).into();
-        let (sk_m, pk_m) = MlKem768::generate_deterministic(d, z);
+        let seed = read_from(&mut expanded).into();
+        let (sk_m, pk_m) = MlKem768::from_seed(seed);
 
         let sk_x = read_from(&mut expanded);
         let sk_x = StaticSecret::from(sk_x);