diff --git a/design/mvp/Binary.md b/design/mvp/Binary.md
index 1438956f..6e9bae44 100644
--- a/design/mvp/Binary.md
+++ b/design/mvp/Binary.md
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ Notes:
 (See [Instance Definitions](Explainer.md#instance-definitions) in the explainer.)
 ```
 instance     ::= ie:<instance-expr>                                => (instance ie)
-instanceexpr ::= 0x00 0x00 m:<moduleidx> a*:vec(<modulearg>)       => (instantiate (module m) (import a)*)
-               | 0x00 0x01 c:<componentidx> a*:vec(<componentarg>) => (instantiate (component c) (import a)*)
+instanceexpr ::= 0x00 0x00 m:<moduleidx> a*:vec(<modulearg>)       => (instantiate (module m) (with a)*)
+               | 0x00 0x01 c:<componentidx> a*:vec(<componentarg>) => (instantiate (component c) (with a)*)
                | 0x01 e*:vec(<export>)                             => e*
                | 0x02 e*:vec(<core:export>)                        => e*
 modulearg    ::= n:<name> 0x02 i:<instanceidx>                     => n (instance i)
diff --git a/design/mvp/Explainer.md b/design/mvp/Explainer.md
index 7af9985b..296704f7 100644
--- a/design/mvp/Explainer.md
+++ b/design/mvp/Explainer.md
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ supplying a set of named *arguments* which satisfy all the named *imports* of
 the selected module/component:
 ```
 instance     ::= (instance <id>? <instanceexpr>)
-instanceexpr ::= (instantiate (module <moduleidx>) (import <name> <modulearg>)*)
-               | (instantiate (component <componentidx>) (import <name> <componentarg>)*)
+instanceexpr ::= (instantiate (module <moduleidx>) (with <name> <modulearg>)*)
+               | (instantiate (component <componentidx>) (with <name> <componentarg>)*)
                | <export>*
                | core <core:export>*
 modulearg    ::= (instance <instanceidx>)
@@ -125,8 +125,9 @@ componentarg ::= (module <moduleidx>)
                | (instance <export>*)
 export       ::= (export <name> <componentarg>)
 ```
-When instantiating a module via `(instantiate (module $M) <modulearg>*)`, the
-two-level imports of the module `$M` are resolved as follows:
+When instantiating a module via
+`(instantiate (module $M) (with <name> <modulearg>)*)`, the two-level imports of
+the module `$M` are resolved as follows:
 1. The first `name` of an import is looked up in the named list of `modulearg`
    to select a module instance.
 2. The second `name` of an import is looked up in the named list of exports of
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ following component:
     (func (import "a" "one") (result i32))
   )
   (instance $a (instantiate (module $A)))
-  (instance $b (instantiate (module $B) (import "a" (instance $a))))
+  (instance $b (instantiate (module $B) (with "a" (instance $a))))
 )
 ```
 Components, as we'll see below, have single-level imports, i.e., each import
@@ -216,13 +217,13 @@ For `export` aliases, the inline sugar has the form `(kind <instanceidx> <name>+
 and can be used anywhere a `kind` index appears in the AST. For example, the
 following snippet uses an inline function alias:
 ```wasm
-(instance $j (instantiate (component $J) (import "f" (func $i "f"))))
+(instance $j (instantiate (component $J) (with "f" (func $i "f"))))
 (export "x" (func $j "g" "h"))
 ```
 which is desugared into:
 ```wasm
 (alias export $i "f" (func $f_alias))
-(instance $j (instantiate (component $J) (import "f" (func $f_alias))))
+(instance $j (instantiate (component $J) (with "f" (func $f_alias))))
 (alias export $j "g" (instance $g_alias))
 (alias export $g_alias "h" (func $h_alias))
 (export "x" (func $h_alias))
@@ -263,16 +264,16 @@ With what's defined so far, we're able to link modules with arbitrary renamings:
   )
   (instance $a (instantiate (module $A)))
   (instance $b1 (instantiate (module $B)
-    (import "a" (instance $a))          ;; no renaming
+    (with "a" (instance $a))            ;; no renaming
   ))
   (alias export $a "two" (func $a_two))
   (instance $b2 (instantiate (module $B)
-    (import "a" (instance
+    (with "a" (instance
       (export "one" (func $a_two))      ;; renaming, using explicit alias
     ))
   ))
   (instance $b3 (instantiate (module $B)
-    (import "a" (instance
+    (with "a" (instance
       (export "one" (func $a "three"))  ;; renaming, using inline alias sugar
     ))
   ))
@@ -521,8 +522,8 @@ does some logging, then returns a string.
     )
   )
   (instance $main (instantiate (module $Main)
-    (import "libc" (instance $libc))
-    (import "wasi:logging" (instance (export "log" (func $log))))
+    (with "libc" (instance $libc))
+    (with "wasi:logging" (instance (export "log" (func $log))))
   ))
   (func (export "run")
     (canon.lift (func (param string) (result string)) (into $libc) (func $main "run"))
@@ -593,7 +594,7 @@ exported string, all at instantiation time:
       ... general-purpose compute
     )
   )
-  (instance $main (instantiate (module $Main) (import "libc" (instance $libc))))
+  (instance $main (instantiate (module $Main) (with "libc" (instance $libc))))
   (func $start
     (canon.lift (func (param string) (result string)) (into $libc) (func $main "start"))
   )
@@ -631,10 +632,10 @@ exports other components:
     (export "g" (func (result string)))
   ))
   (instance $d1 (instantiate (component $D)
-    (import "c" (instance $c))
+    (with "c" (instance $c))
   ))
   (instance $d2 (instantiate (component $D)
-    (import "c" (instance
+    (with "c" (instance
       (export "f" (func $d1 "g"))
     ))
   ))
diff --git a/design/mvp/examples/LinkTimeVirtualization.md b/design/mvp/examples/LinkTimeVirtualization.md
index 584e6c13..2af28970 100644
--- a/design/mvp/examples/LinkTimeVirtualization.md
+++ b/design/mvp/examples/LinkTimeVirtualization.md
@@ -52,10 +52,10 @@ We now write the parent component by composing `child.wasm` with
   (import "./virtualize.wasm" (component $Virtualize ...))
   (import "./child.wasm" (component $Child ...))
   (instance $virtual-fs (instantiate (component $Virtualize)
-    (import "wasi:filesystem" (instance $real-fs))
+    (with "wasi:filesystem" (instance $real-fs))
   ))
   (instance $child (instantiate (component $Child)
-    (import "wasi:filesystem" (instance $virtual-fs))
+    (with "wasi:filesystem" (instance $virtual-fs))
   ))
 )
 ```
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@ definitions in place of imports:
   (component $Virtualize ... copied inline ...)
   (component $Child ... copied inline ...)
   (instance $virtual-fs (instantiate (component $Virtualize)
-    (import "wasi:filesystem" (instance $real-fs))
+    (with "wasi:filesystem" (instance $real-fs))
   ))
   (instance $child (instantiate (component $Child)
-    (import "wasi:filesystem" (instance $virtual-fs))
+    (with "wasi:filesystem" (instance $virtual-fs))
   ))
 )
 ```
diff --git a/design/mvp/examples/SharedEverythingDynamicLinking.md b/design/mvp/examples/SharedEverythingDynamicLinking.md
index b03d1695..b5b5370d 100644
--- a/design/mvp/examples/SharedEverythingDynamicLinking.md
+++ b/design/mvp/examples/SharedEverythingDynamicLinking.md
@@ -151,11 +151,11 @@ would look like:
 
   (instance $libc (instantiate (module $Libc)))
   (instance $libzip (instantiate (module $Libzip))
-    (import "libc" (instance $libc))
+    (with "libc" (instance $libc))
   ))
   (instance $main (instantiate (module $Main)
-    (import "libc" (instance $libc))
-    (import "libzip" (instance $libzip))
+    (with "libc" (instance $libc))
+    (with "libzip" (instance $libzip))
   ))
   (func (export "zip")
     (canon.lift (func (param (list u8)) (result (list u8))) (into $libc) (func $main "zip"))
@@ -224,15 +224,15 @@ component-aware `clang`, the resulting component would look like:
 
   (instance $libc (instantiate (module $Libc)))
   (instance $libzip (instantiate (module $Libzip)
-    (import "libc" (instance $libc))
+    (with "libc" (instance $libc))
   ))
   (instance $libimg (instantiate (module $Libimg)
-    (import "libc" (instance $libc))
-    (import "libzip" (instance $libzip))
+    (with "libc" (instance $libc))
+    (with "libzip" (instance $libzip))
   ))
   (instance $main (instantiate (module $Main)
-    (import "libc" (instance $libc))
-    (import "libimg" (instance $libimg))
+    (with "libc" (instance $libc))
+    (with "libimg" (instance $libimg))
   ))
   (func (export "transform")
     (canon.lift (func (param (list u8)) (result (list u8))) (into $libc) (func $main "transform"))
@@ -269,13 +269,13 @@ components. The resulting component could look like:
   )
 
   (instance $zipper (instantiate (component $Zipper)
-    (import "libc" (module $Libc))
-    (import "libzip" (module $Libzip))
+    (with "libc" (module $Libc))
+    (with "libzip" (module $Libzip))
   ))
   (instance $imgmgk (instantiate (component $Imgmgk)
-    (import "libc" (module $Libc))
-    (import "libzip" (module $Libzip))
-    (import "libimg" (module $Libimg))
+    (with "libc" (module $Libc))
+    (with "libzip" (module $Libzip))
+    (with "libimg" (module $Libimg))
   ))
 
   (instance $libc (instantiate (module $Libc)))
@@ -286,9 +286,9 @@ components. The resulting component could look like:
     (canon.lower (into $libc) (func $imgmgk "transform"))
   )
   (instance $main (instantiate (module $Main)
-    (import "libc" (instance $libc))
-    (import "zipper" (instance (export "zip" (func $zipper "zip"))))
-    (import "imgmgk" (instance (export "transform" (func $imgmgk "transform"))))
+    (with "libc" (instance $libc))
+    (with "zipper" (instance (export "zip" (func $zipper "zip"))))
+    (with "imgmgk" (instance (export "transform" (func $imgmgk "transform"))))
   ))
   (func (export "run")
     (canon.lift (func (param string) (result string)) (func $main "run"))
@@ -358,11 +358,11 @@ function table and `bar-index` mutable global.
   )
   (instance $linkage (instantiate (module $Linkage)))
   (instance $a (instantiate (module $A)
-    (import "linkage" (instance $linkage))
+    (with "linkage" (instance $linkage))
   ))
   (instance $b (instantiate (module $B)
     (import "a" (instance $a))
-    (import "linkage" (instance $linkage))
+    (with "linkage" (instance $linkage))
   ))
 )
 ```