diff --git a/tests/phpunit/tests/admin/includes/misc/setScreenOptions.php b/tests/phpunit/tests/admin/includes/misc/setScreenOptions.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..111e75e1a675b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/phpunit/tests/admin/includes/misc/setScreenOptions.php
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * @group admin
+ * @group misc
+ * @covers ::set_screen_options
+ */
+class Tests_set_screen_options extends WP_UnitTestCase {
+
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 65183
+	 */
+	public function test_set_screen_options_no_data() {
+		// Suppress doing_it_wrong if any.
+		$result = set_screen_options();
+		$this->assertNull( $result, 'set_screen_options should return null when wp_screen_options is not set in $_POST.' );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 65183
+	 * @dataProvider data_set_screen_options
+	 *
+	 * Tests saving various screen options, including those that require filters.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $option   The option name.
+	 * @param mixed  $value    The option value.
+	 * @param mixed  $expected The expected stored value in user meta.
+	 */
+	public function test_set_screen_options( $option, $value, $expected ) {
+		$user_id = self::factory()->user->create( array( 'role' => 'administrator' ) );
+		wp_set_current_user( $user_id );
+
+		$_POST['wp_screen_options'] = array(
+			'option' => $option,
+			'value'  => $value,
+		);
+
+		// Mock request method.
+		$_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] = 'POST';
+
+		// Set referer and nonce.
+		$_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']       = admin_url( 'edit.php?pagenum=2' );
+		$_POST['screenoptionnonce']    = wp_create_nonce( 'screen-options-nonce' );
+		$_REQUEST['screenoptionnonce'] = $_POST['screenoptionnonce'];
+		$_REQUEST['_wp_http_referer']  = $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'];
+
+		if ( 'my_custom_page' === $option || 'layout_columns' === $option ) {
+			add_filter( 'set-screen-option', array( $this, 'filter_set_screen_option_custom' ), 10, 3 );
+		}
+
+		// Intercept redirect to prevent exit.
+		add_filter( 'wp_redirect', array( $this, 'intercept_redirect' ) );
+
+		// Bypass check_admin_referer() failure by making it pass.
+		add_filter( 'check_admin_referer', '__return_null' );
+
+		// Bypass die() in check_admin_referer() by using a die handler that doesn't die.
+		add_filter( 'wp_die_handler', array( $this, 'wp_die_handler' ) );
+
+		try {
+			set_screen_options();
+		} catch ( Exception $e ) {
+			if ( 'Redirected' === $e->getMessage() ) {
+				// Success!
+			} else {
+				$this->fail( 'The function failed with message: ' . $e->getMessage() );
+			}
+		}
+
+		$meta = get_user_meta( $user_id, $option, true );
+		$this->assertEquals( $expected, $meta );
+	}
+
+	public function wp_die_handler( $message = '', $title = '', $args = array() ) {
+		return array( $this, 'die_handler' );
+	}
+
+	public function die_handler( $message ) {
+		throw new Exception( $message );
+	}
+
+	public function intercept_redirect( $location ) {
+		throw new Exception( 'Redirected' );
+	}
+
+	public function filter_set_screen_option_custom( $status, $option, $value ) {
+		if ( 'my_custom_page' === $option || 'layout_columns' === $option ) {
+			return $value;
+		}
+		return $status;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Data provider for test_set_screen_options.
+	 *
+	 * @return array<string, array{
+	 *     option:   string,
+	 *     value:    mixed,
+	 *     expected: mixed,
+	 * }>
+	 */
+	public function data_set_screen_options(): array {
+		return array(
+			'edit_per_page'             => array(
+				'option'   => 'edit_per_page',
+				'value'    => '20',
+				'expected' => 20,
+			),
+			'edit_per_page_invalid'     => array(
+				'option'   => 'edit_per_page',
+				'value'    => '1000', // Max is 999.
+				'expected' => '',
+			),
+			'upload_per_page'           => array(
+				'option'   => 'upload_per_page',
+				'value'    => '50',
+				'expected' => 50,
+			),
+			'custom_option_with_filter' => array(
+				'option'   => 'my_custom_page',
+				'value'    => '10',
+				'expected' => 10,
+			),
+			'layout_columns'            => array(
+				'option'   => 'layout_columns',
+				'value'    => '2',
+				'expected' => 2,
+			),
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 65183
+	 *
+	 * Tests that set-screen-option filter is correctly applied for custom options.
+	 */
+	public function test_set_screen_options_with_filters() {
+		$user_id = self::factory()->user->create( array( 'role' => 'administrator' ) );
+		wp_set_current_user( $user_id );
+
+		$_POST['wp_screen_options']    = array(
+			'option' => 'custom_per_page',
+			'value'  => '25',
+		);
+		$_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']       = admin_url( 'admin.php' );
+		$_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']     = 'POST';
+		$_REQUEST['screenoptionnonce'] = wp_create_nonce( 'screen-options-nonce' );
+		$_REQUEST['_wp_http_referer']  = $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'];
+
+		// Intercept redirect to prevent exit.
+		add_filter( 'wp_redirect', array( $this, 'intercept_redirect' ) );
+
+		// Bypass check_admin_referer() failure.
+		add_filter( 'check_admin_referer', '__return_null' );
+
+		// Bypass die() in check_admin_referer() by using a die handler that doesn't die.
+		add_filter( 'wp_die_handler', array( $this, 'wp_die_handler' ) );
+
+		// Filter ending with _page.
+		add_filter( 'set-screen-option', array( $this, 'filter_set_screen_option' ), 10, 3 );
+
+		try {
+			set_screen_options();
+		} catch ( Exception $e ) {
+			if ( 'Redirected' === $e->getMessage() ) {
+				// Success!
+			} else {
+				$this->fail( 'The function failed with message: ' . $e->getMessage() );
+			}
+		}
+
+		$this->assertEquals( 25, get_user_meta( $user_id, 'custom_per_page', true ) );
+	}
+
+	public function filter_set_screen_option( $status, $option, $value ) {
+		if ( 'custom_per_page' === $option ) {
+			return $value;
+		}
+		return $status;
+	}
+}