Select a lesson from the sidebar to get started
-Please add markdown files to the content folder.
+The page you're looking for doesn't exist.
+ {firstLesson && ( + + Go to First Lesson + + )} + + } + /> +Let me tell you about the day I accidentally crashed my friend's demo program during a C programming class. I was just trying to input my ridiculously long name, and suddenly—SEGMENTATION FAULT. My friend stared at me in disbelief. That's when I learned about one of the most notorious functions in C: gets().
Think of a buffer like a parking lot with exactly 10 spaces. A buffer overflow is like trying to park 15 cars in those 10 spaces—the extra cars spill over into the neighboring area, potentially causing chaos. In programming terms, it's when data exceeds the allocated memory space and overwrites adjacent memory locations.
-The gets() function reads a line from standard input and stores it in a buffer. Sounds innocent, right? WRONG. Here's why it's considered one of the most dangerous functions in C:
-{`char buffer[50];
-gets(buffer); // This is a ticking time bomb!`}
-
- The problem? gets() has no bounds checking. It doesn't care if your buffer can hold 50 characters—if you input 100 characters, it'll happily write all 100, obliterating whatever was stored in the memory after your buffer.
Let me show you a vulnerable program I wrote during my learning journey:
- -
-{`#include
-#include
-
-void vulnerable_function() {
- char buffer[64];
- printf("Enter your name: ");
- gets(buffer); // The dangerous line
- printf("Hello, %s!\\n", buffer);
-}
-
-int main() {
- vulnerable_function();
- return 0;
-}`}
-
- When you input more than 64 characters, the excess data overwrites:
-Understanding how memory is organized is crucial for buffer overflow exploitation:
- -By overflowing a buffer, we can overwrite the return address and redirect program execution.
- -Instead of injecting shellcode, we can return to existing functions in the system.
- -Chaining together small code sequences called "gadgets" to perform complex operations.
-Hacking is getting unauthorized access to a system.
-Hackers generally are of three types:
-Hacking actually do have a really big industry, due to large need of organizations to secure there data, and systems.
-For, this purpose we will utilise the concept of Virtual Machines, to replicate various systems.
-Let's discuss each component for this course:
-Virtualization is the process of creating a virtual version of something, including virtual computer hardware platforms, storage devices, and computer network resources.
-Penetration testing is a simulated cyber attack against your computer system to check for exploitable vulnerabilities.
- -To perform wireless attacks, you need to connect a compatible wireless adapter to your Kali Linux VM.
- -Wireless interfaces can operate in different modes:
-Monitor mode is essential for wireless penetration testing as it allows you to capture all wireless traffic in the area.
-RSA is a public-key cryptosystem that is widely used for secure data transmission.
- -Choose two large prime numbers p and q.
- -Calculate n = p × q
- -Calculate φ(n) = (p-1)(q-1)
- -Choose e such that 1 < e < φ(n) and gcd(e, φ(n)) = 1
- -Calculate d such that d × e ≡ 1 (mod φ(n))
- -Public key: (n, e), Private key: (n, d)
- -Encryption: c = m^e mod n
-Decryption: m = c^d mod n
-Reconnaissance is the first phase of penetration testing where we gather information about the target.
- -Collecting publicly available information about the target.
- -Domain Name System enumeration to gather information about domain names and IP addresses.
- -MAC stands for Media Access Control. It is a permanent, physical and unique address assigned to network interfaces by the device manufacturer.
- -So, whether you have a wireless card or wired or ethernet card, each of them come with a specific address that is unique to the card, so there are no 2 devices in the world with the same MAC Address.
- -This address will always be the same to this specific device, even if we unplug it from our computer, and connect it to another computer. Then this network device will always have the same address.
- -Each piece of data or packet that is sent within the network contains a source MAC and Destination MAC. Therefore, this packet will flow from the Source MAC to Destination MAC.
-Because this is a unique physical address to each interface, to each network device, and used to identify devices, changing it will make you anonymous on the network.
- -Run the ifconfig command on the computer. This will list all the interfaces available on the computer. When we say interface, we mean a network card.
ifconfig-
When we execute the command it shows eth0 which is a virtual interface. eth0 is not real. It is created by the virtual box, because the VM is set to use a NAT network, by default.
We can also see lo which is also a virtual interface created by linux.
To change the MAC Address of the Interface, we must first disable the interface.
- -ifconfig [interface_name] down-
If you don't see any errors, it means the command got executed properly.
- -Now that the interface is disabled, we can modify its options. The option that we want to modify is the ether, which is the MAC Address.
ifconfig [interface_name] hw ether [new_mac_address]-
Now, we need to again re-enable the interface using the following command:
- -ifconfig [interface_name] up-
If we don't see any errors, it means the command got executed properly.
- -Use the ifconfig command again to check if the MAC Address has changed. Look at the ether option of the interface you modified.
-{`# Check current MAC address
-ifconfig
-
-# Disable the interface
-sudo ifconfig eth0 down
-
-# Change MAC address
-sudo ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:11:22:33:44:55
-
-# Enable the interface
-sudo ifconfig eth0 up
-
-# Verify the change
-ifconfig eth0`}
-
- We can create a Python script to automate this process:
- -
-{`#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-import subprocess
-import optparse
-import re
-
-def get_arguments():
- parser = optparse.OptionParser()
- parser.add_option("-i", "--interface", dest="interface",
- help="Interface to change its MAC address")
- parser.add_option("-m", "--mac", dest="new_mac",
- help="New MAC address")
- (options, arguments) = parser.parse_args()
- if not options.interface:
- parser.error("[-] Please specify an interface")
- elif not options.new_mac:
- parser.error("[-] Please specify a new MAC address")
- return options
-
-def change_mac(interface, new_mac):
- print("[+] Changing MAC address for " + interface + " to " + new_mac)
- subprocess.call(["ifconfig", interface, "down"])
- subprocess.call(["ifconfig", interface, "hw", "ether", new_mac])
- subprocess.call(["ifconfig", interface, "up"])
-
-options = get_arguments()
-change_mac(options.interface, options.new_mac)`}
-
- The lesson you're looking for doesn't exist.
+ Go to First Lesson +
+ {children}
+
+ 
+
* **IP** stands for `Internet Protocol`. an IP address (IPv4 or IPv6) identifies a host on a network so packets can be routed to it.
* **Ports** are numeric endpoints on a host that services listen on (for example, 80 for HTTP, 22 for SSH). A single IP can host many services distinguished by port numbers.
@@ -57,7 +66,7 @@ What to look for
* Pick the IPv4 address that belongs to your machine and note the subnet (e.g., `192.168.1.15/24 in the screenshot`).
-
+
---
@@ -85,7 +94,7 @@ nmap -sn 192.168.1.15/24
```
* `-sn` = host discovery only
-
+
B) Full port range on localhost
@@ -95,7 +104,7 @@ nmap -sT -p 1-65535 127.0.0.1
* `-sT` performs full TCP handshakes and is easy to understand for beginners.
* Slow but useful to see everything listening on your own machine.
-
+
### Before we proceed, install & start an SSH server so that we can see a real port open in the scan
```bash
@@ -111,7 +120,7 @@ nmap -sT -sV --top-ports 50 192.168.1.15
* `-sV` probes services to guess software/version.
-
+
---
@@ -178,3 +187,8 @@ print("[+] Done")
---
+### Path
+
+<- [Previous Lesson: Binary Exploitation](/Binary-Exploitation.MD)
+-> [Next Lesson: Writing A MAC Address Changer](/lesson-1.md)
+
diff --git a/UI/frontend/src/content/MD_Content_ethical-hacking/python-for-eth-hacking/lesson-1.md b/UI/frontend/src/content/MD_Content_ethical-hacking/python-for-eth-hacking/lesson-1.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcd27db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/UI/frontend/src/content/MD_Content_ethical-hacking/python-for-eth-hacking/lesson-1.md
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+---
+title: "Writing A MAC Address Changer"
+slug: "mac-address-changer"
+order: 14
+category: "python-for-ethical-hacking"
+prev: "port-scanning"
+next: "ids-probe-lesson"
+---
+
+# Writing A MAC Address Changer
+
+ 
+
+- MAC stands for `Media Access Control`. It is a permanent, physical and unique address assigned to network interfaces by the device manufacturer.
+- So, whether you have a wireless card or wired or ethernet card, each of them come with a specific address that is unique to the card, so there are no 2 devices in the world with the same MAC Address.
+- This address will always be the same to this specific device, even if we unplug it from our computer, and connect it to another computer. Then this network device will always have the same address.
+- IP Address is used to identify computers in the network, and communicate between the devices on the Internet.
+- The MAC Address is used within the network to identify devices and transfer data b/w them. So, each piece of data or packet that is sent within the network contains a source MAC and Destination MAC. Therefore, this packet will flow from the Source MAC to Destination MAC.
+
+## Why change MAC Address??
+
+- Because this is a unique physical address to each interface, to each network device, and used to identify devices, changing it will make you anonymous on the network.
+- Lets you impersonate another device, and allows you to do things you might not be able to do.
+- It makes it able to bypass filters and connect networks that only specific devices with specific MAC Addresses can only connect to, and also able to hide your identity.
+
+## How to change MAC Address??
+
+- Run `ifconfig` command on the computer. This will list all the interfaces available on the computer. When we say interface, we mean a network card. When we execute the command it shows `eth0` which is a virtual interface.
+
+ 
+
+- `eth0` is not real. It is created by the virtual box, because the VM is set to use a NAT network, by default. It thinks that it is connected to a wired network. All this is done using a Virtual Interface connected to the Virtual Wired Network.
+- We can also see `lo` which is also a virtual interface created by `linux`.
+
+- The `ifconfig` command also lists down the detailed information about each of these interfaces.
+
+- Now, to change the MAC Address of the Interface, we must first disable the interface.
+
+ ```shell
+ ifconfig ${interface_name} down
+ ```
+
+ If you don't see any errors, it means the command got executed properly. Now that the interface is disabled, we can modify its options. And, the option that we want to modify in our case is the `ether`, which is the MAC Address.
+
+- We can now change the MAC Address using the command:
+
+ ```bash
+ ifconfig ${interface_name} hw ether ${new_mac_address}
+ ```
+
+- Now, we need to again re-enable the interface using the following command:
+
+ ```bash
+ ifconfig ${interface_name} up
+ ```
+
+ If we don't see the error it means the command got executed properly.
+
+- Now, use `ifconfig` command again to check if the MAC Address has changed again or not. Now, if you look at the `ether` option of the `interface_name` we have been using so far, it's been modified to what we have set.
+
+ 
+
+- Following are the proof for proper execution of these statements:
+
+ ```shell
+ root@kali:~# ifconfig
+ eth0: flags=4163Target: {report.get('metadata', {}).get('target_url', 'N/A')}
+Scan Time: {report.get('metadata', {}).get('timestamp', 'N/A')}
+| Header | Present | Description |
|---|---|---|
| {header} | {status} | {info.get('description', '')} |
+
+* **IP** stands for `Internet Protocol`. an IP address (IPv4 or IPv6) identifies a host on a network so packets can be routed to it.
+* **Ports** are numeric endpoints on a host that services listen on (for example, 80 for HTTP, 22 for SSH). A single IP can host many services distinguished by port numbers.
+* **IP scanning** discovers active hosts on a network (which IPs respond).
+* **Port scanning** probes a specific host to determine which ports are open (which services might be reachable).
+* Scanning is used by system administrators and security testers to map networks, verify firewall rules, and discover unintended exposed services. It is also a common reconnaissance step in attacks. DISCLAIMER: **only perform scans on systems you own or are explicitly authorized to test**.
+
+
+---
+
+## Why learn scanning?
+
+* To inventory devices and services on your own network.
+* To verify that firewall rules and service exposure match security policy.
+* To find misconfigurations or unintended open services that could be hardened.
+* To practice defensive tooling and incident response in controlled lab environments.
+
+---
+
+## High-level approach
+
+1. **Discover hosts (IP discovery)**
+ Methods include ARP queries on a local network, ICMP ping sweeps, and crafted TCP/UDP probes. On routed networks not under your control, many hosts will drop ICMP so discovery techniques vary.
+
+2. **Choose scan type (port probing strategy)**
+
+ * **Connect scan** - attempt to establish a TCP connection to the target port and observe success/failure. Simple and reliable
+ * **UDP scan** - send UDP packets and infer open/closed from responses or lack thereof (slow and noisy).
+ * **Version/service detection** - after finding open ports, probe them in a safe way to identify the service and version (helps prioritize fixes).
+ * **Timing and stealth** - adjust probe rate and timing to reduce load or evade simplistic detection
+
+3. **Interpret results**
+
+ * Open ports usually indicate a listening service.
+ * Filtered/closed results can mean a firewall or host that drops probes.
+ * Combine scans with banner/version checks and authenticated checks (where authorized) to assess risk.
+
+---
+
+## How to scan
+
+* this guide assumes you have Kali or Debian based VM
+
+### 1) Find your own IP
+
+```bash
+ip addr show
+```
+OR
+```bash
+ifconfig
+```
+
+What to look for
+
+* Pick the IPv4 address that belongs to your machine and note the subnet (e.g., `192.168.1.15/24 in the screenshot`).
+
+
+
+---
+
+### 2) Install nmap
+
+What is `nmap`
+
+* `nmap` is a widely used network scanner for host discovery, port scanning, and basic service/version detection. It's ideal for learning because it includes multiple scan modes and safe defaults.
+
+Install
+
+```bash
+sudo apt update
+sudo apt install -y nmap
+```
+---
+
+### 3) Quick nmap primer
+
+A) Discover live hosts on your LAN
+
+```bash
+# replace 192.168.1.15/24 with the subnet you found in step 1
+nmap -sn 192.168.1.15/24
+```
+* `-sn` = host discovery only
+
+
+
+B) Full port range on localhost
+
+```bash
+nmap -sT -p 1-65535 127.0.0.1
+```
+* `-sT` performs full TCP handshakes and is easy to understand for beginners.
+* Slow but useful to see everything listening on your own machine.
+
+
+
+### Before we proceed, install & start an SSH server so that we can see a real port open in the scan
+```bash
+sudo apt update
+sudo apt install -y openssh-server
+sudo systemctl enable --now ssh
+```
+
+C) Service/version detection
+```bash
+nmap -sT -sV --top-ports 50 192.168.1.15
+```
+
+* `-sV` probes services to guess software/version.
+
+
+
+---
+
+## 5) Minimal Python Implementation `local_probe.py`
+
+```python
+# local_probe.py
+import socket, ipaddress, sys
+
+def is_allowed_target(ip):
+ try:
+ addr = ipaddress.ip_address(ip)
+ return addr.is_private or ip == "127.0.0.1"
+ except ValueError:
+ return False
+
+target = input("Target IP (127.0.0.1 or private range): ").strip()
+if not is_allowed_target(target):
+ print("Refusing non-private target. Use only localhost or private IPs.")
+ sys.exit(1)
+
+ports_in = input("Enter ports (comma separated, e.g. 22,80,443): ").strip()
+try:
+ ports = [int(p) for p in ports_in.split(",") if p.strip()]
+except ValueError:
+ print("Invalid port list")
+ sys.exit(1)
+
+timeout = 0.8
+for p in ports:
+ if not (0 < p < 65536):
+ print(f"port {p}: invalid")
+ continue
+ s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+ s.settimeout(timeout)
+ try:
+ s.connect((target, p))
+ print(f"port {p}: open")
+ except socket.timeout:
+ print(f"port {p}: filtered/timeout")
+ except ConnectionRefusedError:
+ print(f"port {p}: closed")
+ except Exception as e:
+ print(f"port {p}: error {e}")
+ finally:
+ s.close()
+print("[+] Done")
+```
+
+---
+
+### 6) Interpretation & next steps
+
+* `open` = service accepted the connection
+* `closed` = host reachable but no service on that port
+* `filtered` = firewall or device dropped the probe
+
+### 7) Final safety & etiquette reminders
+
+* Get written permission to scan non‑owned systems
+* Use low timing templates (`-T2`) on shared networks
+* Notify admins if scanning production or shared infrastructure to avoid false alarms
+* Always document scans and findings and remediate responsibly
+
+---
+
+### Path
+
+<- [Previous Lesson: Binary Exploitation](/Binary-Exploitation.MD)
+-> [Next Lesson: Writing A MAC Address Changer](/lesson-1.md)
+
diff --git a/python-for-eth-hacking/lesson-1.md b/python-for-eth-hacking/lesson-1.md
index eb3e4cb..dcd27db 100644
--- a/python-for-eth-hacking/lesson-1.md
+++ b/python-for-eth-hacking/lesson-1.md
@@ -1,6 +1,15 @@
+---
+title: "Writing A MAC Address Changer"
+slug: "mac-address-changer"
+order: 14
+category: "python-for-ethical-hacking"
+prev: "port-scanning"
+next: "ids-probe-lesson"
+---
+
# Writing A MAC Address Changer
- 
+ 
- MAC stands for `Media Access Control`. It is a permanent, physical and unique address assigned to network interfaces by the device manufacturer.
- So, whether you have a wireless card or wired or ethernet card, each of them come with a specific address that is unique to the card, so there are no 2 devices in the world with the same MAC Address.
@@ -18,7 +27,7 @@
- Run `ifconfig` command on the computer. This will list all the interfaces available on the computer. When we say interface, we mean a network card. When we execute the command it shows `eth0` which is a virtual interface.
- 
+ 
- `eth0` is not real. It is created by the virtual box, because the VM is set to use a NAT network, by default. It thinks that it is connected to a wired network. All this is done using a Virtual Interface connected to the Virtual Wired Network.
- We can also see `lo` which is also a virtual interface created by `linux`.
@@ -49,7 +58,7 @@
- Now, use `ifconfig` command again to check if the MAC Address has changed again or not. Now, if you look at the `ether` option of the `interface_name` we have been using so far, it's been modified to what we have set.
- 
+ 
- Following are the proof for proper execution of these statements:
@@ -164,4 +173,10 @@
- In the program, we didn't use `shell=True` in the `subprocess.call()` function. This is because we are passing the command and its arguments as a list, which is the recommended way to avoid shell injection vulnerabilities. If you use `shell=True`, you should be very careful about the input to avoid executing arbitrary commands.
+---
+
+### Path
+
+<- [Previous Lesson: IP & Port Scanning](/A-guide-to-port-scanning.md)
+
diff --git a/python-scripts/async_port_scanner.md b/python-scripts/async_port_scanner.md
index 335f9a2..767ca55 100644
--- a/python-scripts/async_port_scanner.md
+++ b/python-scripts/async_port_scanner.md
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ The script's execution flow is managed by the standard Python entry point:
### Screenshots
-
+
---
diff --git a/python-scripts/bettercap_arp_spoofing_script.md b/python-scripts/bettercap_arp_spoofing_script.md
index fd10081..b38d5e1 100644
--- a/python-scripts/bettercap_arp_spoofing_script.md
+++ b/python-scripts/bettercap_arp_spoofing_script.md
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ The script's execution is controlled by the `main()` function, which is called w
### Screenshots
-
+
---
diff --git a/python-scripts/https_data_fetcher_bettercap.md b/python-scripts/https_data_fetcher_bettercap.md
index c0af104..1044df3 100644
--- a/python-scripts/https_data_fetcher_bettercap.md
+++ b/python-scripts/https_data_fetcher_bettercap.md
@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ The script follows a sequential, four-step flow managed by the `main` function (
### Screenshots
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
---
diff --git a/python-scripts/ids_probe.md b/python-scripts/ids_probe.md
index 85699df..4b23792 100644
--- a/python-scripts/ids_probe.md
+++ b/python-scripts/ids_probe.md
@@ -62,11 +62,11 @@ The script's execution is controlled by the `main()` function, which is the stan
### Screenshots
-
+
-
+
-
+
---
diff --git a/python-scripts/images/async.png b/python-scripts/images/async.png
index bfaf5bc..1237f5f 100644
Binary files a/python-scripts/images/async.png and b/python-scripts/images/async.png differ
diff --git a/python-scripts/images/async2.png b/python-scripts/images/async2.png
index 89621d9..c6e1457 100644
Binary files a/python-scripts/images/async2.png and b/python-scripts/images/async2.png differ
diff --git a/python-scripts/images/async_port_scanner_flow_edges.png b/python-scripts/images/async_port_scanner_flow_edges.png
index e9e9ee5..684cf26 100644
Binary files a/python-scripts/images/async_port_scanner_flow_edges.png and b/python-scripts/images/async_port_scanner_flow_edges.png differ
diff --git a/python-scripts/images/bettercap_arp_op.png b/python-scripts/images/bettercap_arp_op.png
index a4cfcd5..817ae4b 100644
Binary files a/python-scripts/images/bettercap_arp_op.png and b/python-scripts/images/bettercap_arp_op.png differ
diff --git a/python-scripts/images/bettercap_controller_flow_professional.png b/python-scripts/images/bettercap_controller_flow_professional.png
index ed02958..ae6e071 100644
Binary files a/python-scripts/images/bettercap_controller_flow_professional.png and b/python-scripts/images/bettercap_controller_flow_professional.png differ
diff --git a/python-scripts/images/deauth_controller.png b/python-scripts/images/deauth_controller.png
index e13c523..2cbaae9 100644
Binary files a/python-scripts/images/deauth_controller.png and b/python-scripts/images/deauth_controller.png differ
diff --git a/python-scripts/images/mitm_attack_flow.png b/python-scripts/images/mitm_attack_flow.png
index 35a38b4..695de73 100644
Binary files a/python-scripts/images/mitm_attack_flow.png and b/python-scripts/images/mitm_attack_flow.png differ
diff --git a/python-scripts/images/mitm_automation_op.png b/python-scripts/images/mitm_automation_op.png
index 172527c..1b3880a 100644
Binary files a/python-scripts/images/mitm_automation_op.png and b/python-scripts/images/mitm_automation_op.png differ
diff --git a/python-scripts/images/wpa_dictionary_attack_flow.png b/python-scripts/images/wpa_dictionary_attack_flow.png
index 2cf847a..4b1db1c 100644
Binary files a/python-scripts/images/wpa_dictionary_attack_flow.png and b/python-scripts/images/wpa_dictionary_attack_flow.png differ
diff --git a/python-scripts/images/wpa_wpa2_2op.png b/python-scripts/images/wpa_wpa2_2op.png
index e46b344..270d004 100644
Binary files a/python-scripts/images/wpa_wpa2_2op.png and b/python-scripts/images/wpa_wpa2_2op.png differ
diff --git a/python-scripts/images/wpa_wpa2op.png b/python-scripts/images/wpa_wpa2op.png
index 4da3ed1..ac080f6 100644
Binary files a/python-scripts/images/wpa_wpa2op.png and b/python-scripts/images/wpa_wpa2op.png differ
diff --git a/python-scripts/mac-address-change.md b/python-scripts/mac-address-change.md
index 1444b47..b08669e 100644
--- a/python-scripts/mac-address-change.md
+++ b/python-scripts/mac-address-change.md
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ The script follows a standard Python entry point structure to ensure the main lo
### Screenshots
-
+
---
diff --git a/python-scripts/mitm_attack_automator.md b/python-scripts/mitm_attack_automator.md
index 41854b3..2c828d1 100644
--- a/python-scripts/mitm_attack_automator.md
+++ b/python-scripts/mitm_attack_automator.md
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ The script's primary control flow is managed within the `if __name__ == "__main_
### Screenshots
-
+
---
diff --git a/python-scripts/portscanner_test.md b/python-scripts/portscanner_test.md
index d797fed..03b973d 100644
--- a/python-scripts/portscanner_test.md
+++ b/python-scripts/portscanner_test.md
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ The script's execution is initialized by the standard Python entry point, which
### Screenshots
-
+
-
+
---
diff --git a/python-scripts/remote_collect_via_ssh.md b/python-scripts/remote_collect_via_ssh.md
index 90b4265..330111d 100644
--- a/python-scripts/remote_collect_via_ssh.md
+++ b/python-scripts/remote_collect_via_ssh.md
@@ -76,11 +76,11 @@ The script initiates execution through the `main()` function, called by the `if
### Screenshots
-
+
-
+
-
+
---
diff --git a/python-scripts/wep_wifi_hacking.md b/python-scripts/wep_wifi_hacking.md
index 49c9907..8388d6a 100644
--- a/python-scripts/wep_wifi_hacking.md
+++ b/python-scripts/wep_wifi_hacking.md
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ The overall flow is:
### Screenshots
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+
---
diff --git a/python-scripts/wordlist_generator.md b/python-scripts/wordlist_generator.md
index 38c3870..fb17624 100644
--- a/python-scripts/wordlist_generator.md
+++ b/python-scripts/wordlist_generator.md
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ The script's execution begins within the `if __name__ == "__main__":` block, whi
### Screenshots
-
+
-
+
---
diff --git a/python-scripts/wpa2_dictionary_attack.md b/python-scripts/wpa2_dictionary_attack.md
index 7ca8f8f..b1c9449 100644
--- a/python-scripts/wpa2_dictionary_attack.md
+++ b/python-scripts/wpa2_dictionary_attack.md
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ The script's primary control flow is managed within the `if __name__ == "__main_
### Screenshots
-
+
---