diff --git a/r/R/expression.R b/r/R/expression.R
index 37fc21c25c4..0e71803ec97 100644
--- a/r/R/expression.R
+++ b/r/R/expression.R
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@
   "quarter" = "quarter",
   # second is defined in dplyr-functions.R
   # wday is defined in dplyr-functions.R
+  "mday" = "day",
   "yday" = "day_of_year",
   "year" = "year",
 
diff --git a/r/tests/testthat/test-dplyr-funcs-datetime.R b/r/tests/testthat/test-dplyr-funcs-datetime.R
index 359a5403aca..228eca56add 100644
--- a/r/tests/testthat/test-dplyr-funcs-datetime.R
+++ b/r/tests/testthat/test-dplyr-funcs-datetime.R
@@ -444,6 +444,15 @@ test_that("extract wday from timestamp", {
   )
 })
 
+test_that("extract mday from timestamp", {
+  compare_dplyr_binding(
+    .input %>%
+      mutate(x = mday(datetime)) %>%
+      collect(),
+    test_df
+  )
+})
+
 test_that("extract yday from timestamp", {
   compare_dplyr_binding(
     .input %>%
@@ -626,6 +635,15 @@ test_that("extract wday from date", {
   )
 })
 
+test_that("extract mday from date", {
+  compare_dplyr_binding(
+    .input %>%
+      mutate(x = mday(date)) %>%
+      collect(),
+    test_df
+  )
+})
+
 test_that("extract yday from date", {
   compare_dplyr_binding(
     .input %>%