diff --git a/r/src/array.cpp b/r/src/array.cpp
index e885b6646dc..f378be6d1a2 100644
--- a/r/src/array.cpp
+++ b/r/src/array.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ namespace r {
 
 // the integer64 sentinel
 static const int64_t NA_INT64 = std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min();
+static const int64_t MAX_INT32 = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max();
+static const int64_t MIN_INT32 = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min();
 
 template <int RTYPE, typename Type>
 std::shared_ptr<Array> SimpleArray(SEXP x) {
@@ -698,6 +700,55 @@ SEXP Int64Array(const std::shared_ptr<Array>& array) {
   return vec;
 }
 
+SEXP IntFromInt64Array(const std::shared_ptr<Array>& array) {
+  auto n = array->length();
+  IntegerVector vec(no_init(n));
+
+  if (n == 0) return vec;
+
+  auto null_count = array->null_count();
+  if (null_count == n) {
+    std::fill(vec.begin(), vec.end(), NA_INTEGER);
+    return vec;
+  }
+
+  auto p_values = GetValuesSafely<int64_t>(array->data(), 1, array->offset());
+  auto p_vec = reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(vec.begin());
+
+  size_t overflowed = 0;
+  if (array->null_count()) {
+    internal::BitmapReader bitmap_reader(array->null_bitmap()->data(), array->offset(),
+                                         n);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++, bitmap_reader.Next()) {
+      if (p_values[i] > MAX_INT32 || p_values[i] < MIN_INT32) {
+        overflowed++;
+        p_vec[i] = NA_INTEGER;
+      } else {
+        p_vec[i] = bitmap_reader.IsNotSet() ? NA_INTEGER : p_values[i];
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      if (p_values[i] > MAX_INT32 || p_values[i] < MIN_INT32) {
+        overflowed++;
+        p_vec[i] = NA_INTEGER;
+      } else {
+        p_vec[i] = p_values[i];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (overflowed > 0) {
+    Rcpp::warning(
+        tfm::format("Integer overflow, %i values replaced with NAs. Consider using "
+                    "'options(arrow.int64 = \"bit64\")'.",
+                    overflowed));
+  }
+
+  return vec;
+}
+
 }  // namespace r
 }  // namespace arrow
 
@@ -746,8 +797,15 @@ SEXP Array__as_vector(const std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array>& array) {
       return arrow::r::promotion_Array_to_Vector<REALSXP, arrow::UInt32Type>(array);
 
     // lossy promotions to numeric vector
-    case Type::INT64:
-      return arrow::r::Int64Array(array);
+    case Type::INT64: {
+      Function get_option("getOption");
+      SEXP option = get_option("arrow.int64");
+      if (!Rf_isNull(option) && std::string("integer") == CHAR(STRING_ELT(option, 0))) {
+        return arrow::r::IntFromInt64Array(array);
+      } else {
+        return arrow::r::Int64Array(array);
+      }
+    }
 
     default:
       break;