diff --git a/ci/docker/alpine-linux-3.16-cpp.dockerfile b/ci/docker/alpine-linux-3.16-cpp.dockerfile
index f269fa548c1..6edc405dc61 100644
--- a/ci/docker/alpine-linux-3.16-cpp.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/alpine-linux-3.16-cpp.dockerfile
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ RUN apk add \
         glog-dev \
         gmock \
         grpc-dev \
-        gtest-dev \
         libxml2-dev \
         llvm13-dev \
         llvm13-static \
@@ -96,6 +95,7 @@ ENV ARROW_ACERO=ON \
     ARROW_WITH_ZSTD=ON \
     AWSSDK_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
     google_cloud_cpp_storage_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
+    GTest_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
     ORC_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
     PATH=/usr/lib/ccache/:$PATH \
     xsimd_SOURCE=BUNDLED