diff --git a/r/R/dplyr-funcs-conditional.R b/r/R/dplyr-funcs-conditional.R
index 37411ed2616..cd0245eeee1 100644
--- a/r/R/dplyr-funcs-conditional.R
+++ b/r/R/dplyr-funcs-conditional.R
@@ -90,7 +90,15 @@ register_bindings_conditional <- function() {
     out
   })
 
-  register_binding("dplyr::case_when", function(...) {
+  register_binding("dplyr::case_when", function(..., .default = NULL, .ptype = NULL, .size = NULL) {
+    if (!is.null(.ptype)) {
+      arrow_not_supported("`case_when()` with `.ptype` specified")
+    }
+
+    if (!is.null(.size)) {
+      arrow_not_supported("`case_when()` with `.size` specified")
+    }
+
     formulas <- list2(...)
     n <- length(formulas)
     if (n == 0) {
@@ -113,6 +121,14 @@ register_bindings_conditional <- function() {
         abort(handle_arrow_not_supported(value[[i]], format_expr(f[[3]])))
       }
     }
+    if (!is.null(.default)) {
+      if (length(.default) != 1) {
+        abort(paste0("`.default` must have size 1, not size ", length(.default), "."))
+      }
+
+      query[n + 1] <- TRUE
+      value[n + 1] <- .default
+    }
     Expression$create(
       "case_when",
       args = c(
@@ -124,5 +140,6 @@ register_bindings_conditional <- function() {
         value
       )
     )
-  })
+  }, notes = "`.ptype` and `.size` arguments not supported"
+  )
 }
diff --git a/r/R/dplyr-funcs-doc.R b/r/R/dplyr-funcs-doc.R
index b619cfe509b..a62c4f8335a 100644
--- a/r/R/dplyr-funcs-doc.R
+++ b/r/R/dplyr-funcs-doc.R
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
 #' Functions can be called either as `pkg::fun()` or just `fun()`, i.e. both
 #' `str_sub()` and `stringr::str_sub()` work.
 #'
-#' In addition to these functions, you can call any of Arrow's 246 compute
+#' In addition to these functions, you can call any of Arrow's 254 compute
 #' functions directly. Arrow has many functions that don't map to an existing R
 #' function. In other cases where there is an R function mapping, you can still
 #' call the Arrow function directly if you don't want the adaptations that the R
@@ -99,30 +99,31 @@
 #'
 #' ## base
 #'
-#' * [`-`][-()]
 #' * [`!`][!()]
 #' * [`!=`][!=()]
-#' * [`*`][*()]
-#' * [`/`][/()]
-#' * [`&`][&()]
-#' * [`%/%`][%/%()]
 #' * [`%%`][%%()]
+#' * [`%/%`][%/%()]
 #' * [`%in%`][%in%()]
-#' * [`^`][^()]
+#' * [`&`][&()]
+#' * [`*`][*()]
 #' * [`+`][+()]
+#' * [`-`][-()]
+#' * [`/`][/()]
 #' * [`<`][<()]
 #' * [`<=`][<=()]
 #' * [`==`][==()]
 #' * [`>`][>()]
 #' * [`>=`][>=()]
-#' * [`|`][|()]
+#' * [`ISOdate()`][base::ISOdate()]
+#' * [`ISOdatetime()`][base::ISOdatetime()]
+#' * [`^`][^()]
 #' * [`abs()`][base::abs()]
 #' * [`acos()`][base::acos()]
 #' * [`all()`][base::all()]
 #' * [`any()`][base::any()]
-#' * [`as.character()`][base::as.character()]
 #' * [`as.Date()`][base::as.Date()]: Multiple `tryFormats` not supported in Arrow.
 #' Consider using the lubridate specialised parsing functions `ymd()`, `ymd()`, etc.
+#' * [`as.character()`][base::as.character()]
 #' * [`as.difftime()`][base::as.difftime()]: only supports `units = "secs"` (the default)
 #' * [`as.double()`][base::as.double()]
 #' * [`as.integer()`][base::as.integer()]
@@ -153,8 +154,6 @@
 #' * [`is.na()`][base::is.na()]
 #' * [`is.nan()`][base::is.nan()]
 #' * [`is.numeric()`][base::is.numeric()]
-#' * [`ISOdate()`][base::ISOdate()]
-#' * [`ISOdatetime()`][base::ISOdatetime()]
 #' * [`log()`][base::log()]
 #' * [`log10()`][base::log10()]
 #' * [`log1p()`][base::log1p()]
@@ -186,6 +185,7 @@
 #' * [`tolower()`][base::tolower()]
 #' * [`toupper()`][base::toupper()]
 #' * [`trunc()`][base::trunc()]
+#' * [`|`][|()]
 #'
 #' ## bit64
 #'
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@
 #'
 #' * [`across()`][dplyr::across()]
 #' * [`between()`][dplyr::between()]
-#' * [`case_when()`][dplyr::case_when()]
+#' * [`case_when()`][dplyr::case_when()]: `.ptype` and `.size` arguments not supported
 #' * [`coalesce()`][dplyr::coalesce()]
 #' * [`desc()`][dplyr::desc()]
 #' * [`if_all()`][dplyr::if_all()]
@@ -242,8 +242,8 @@
 #' * [`format_ISO8601()`][lubridate::format_ISO8601()]
 #' * [`hour()`][lubridate::hour()]
 #' * [`is.Date()`][lubridate::is.Date()]
-#' * [`is.instant()`][lubridate::is.instant()]
 #' * [`is.POSIXct()`][lubridate::is.POSIXct()]
+#' * [`is.instant()`][lubridate::is.instant()]
 #' * [`is.timepoint()`][lubridate::is.timepoint()]
 #' * [`isoweek()`][lubridate::isoweek()]
 #' * [`isoyear()`][lubridate::isoyear()]
diff --git a/r/man/acero.Rd b/r/man/acero.Rd
index 6d4476c44c2..d41029c70b7 100644
--- a/r/man/acero.Rd
+++ b/r/man/acero.Rd
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ can assume that the function works in Acero just as it does in R.
 Functions can be called either as \code{pkg::fun()} or just \code{fun()}, i.e. both
 \code{str_sub()} and \code{stringr::str_sub()} work.
 
-In addition to these functions, you can call any of Arrow's 246 compute
+In addition to these functions, you can call any of Arrow's 254 compute
 functions directly. Arrow has many functions that don't map to an existing R
 function. In other cases where there is an R function mapping, you can still
 call the Arrow function directly if you don't want the adaptations that the R
@@ -85,30 +85,31 @@ as \code{arrow_ascii_is_decimal}.
 
 \subsection{base}{
 \itemize{
-\item \code{\link[=-]{-}}
 \item \code{\link[=!]{!}}
 \item \code{\link[=!=]{!=}}
-\item \code{\link[=*]{*}}
-\item \code{\link[=/]{/}}
-\item \code{\link[=&]{&}}
-\item \code{\link[=\%/\%]{\%/\%}}
 \item \code{\link[=\%\%]{\%\%}}
+\item \code{\link[=\%/\%]{\%/\%}}
 \item \code{\link[=\%in\%]{\%in\%}}
-\item \code{\link[=^]{^}}
+\item \code{\link[=&]{&}}
+\item \code{\link[=*]{*}}
 \item \code{\link[=+]{+}}
+\item \code{\link[=-]{-}}
+\item \code{\link[=/]{/}}
 \item \code{\link[=<]{<}}
 \item \code{\link[=<=]{<=}}
 \item \code{\link[===]{==}}
 \item \code{\link[=>]{>}}
 \item \code{\link[=>=]{>=}}
-\item \code{\link[=|]{|}}
+\item \code{\link[base:ISOdatetime]{ISOdate()}}
+\item \code{\link[base:ISOdatetime]{ISOdatetime()}}
+\item \code{\link[=^]{^}}
 \item \code{\link[base:MathFun]{abs()}}
 \item \code{\link[base:Trig]{acos()}}
 \item \code{\link[base:all]{all()}}
 \item \code{\link[base:any]{any()}}
-\item \code{\link[base:character]{as.character()}}
 \item \code{\link[base:as.Date]{as.Date()}}: Multiple \code{tryFormats} not supported in Arrow.
 Consider using the lubridate specialised parsing functions \code{ymd()}, \code{ymd()}, etc.
+\item \code{\link[base:character]{as.character()}}
 \item \code{\link[base:difftime]{as.difftime()}}: only supports \code{units = "secs"} (the default)
 \item \code{\link[base:double]{as.double()}}
 \item \code{\link[base:integer]{as.integer()}}
@@ -139,8 +140,6 @@ Consider using the lubridate specialised parsing functions \code{ymd()}, \code{y
 \item \code{\link[base:NA]{is.na()}}
 \item \code{\link[base:is.finite]{is.nan()}}
 \item \code{\link[base:numeric]{is.numeric()}}
-\item \code{\link[base:ISOdatetime]{ISOdate()}}
-\item \code{\link[base:ISOdatetime]{ISOdatetime()}}
 \item \code{\link[base:Log]{log()}}
 \item \code{\link[base:Log]{log10()}}
 \item \code{\link[base:Log]{log1p()}}
@@ -172,6 +171,7 @@ Valid values are "s", "ms" (default), "us", "ns".
 \item \code{\link[base:chartr]{tolower()}}
 \item \code{\link[base:chartr]{toupper()}}
 \item \code{\link[base:Round]{trunc()}}
+\item \code{\link[=|]{|}}
 }
 }
 
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ Valid values are "s", "ms" (default), "us", "ns".
 \itemize{
 \item \code{\link[dplyr:across]{across()}}
 \item \code{\link[dplyr:between]{between()}}
-\item \code{\link[dplyr:case_when]{case_when()}}
+\item \code{\link[dplyr:case_when]{case_when()}}: \code{.ptype} and \code{.size} arguments not supported
 \item \code{\link[dplyr:coalesce]{coalesce()}}
 \item \code{\link[dplyr:desc]{desc()}}
 \item \code{\link[dplyr:across]{if_all()}}
@@ -234,8 +234,8 @@ Valid values are "s", "ms" (default), "us", "ns".
 \item \code{\link[lubridate:format_ISO8601]{format_ISO8601()}}
 \item \code{\link[lubridate:hour]{hour()}}
 \item \code{\link[lubridate:date_utils]{is.Date()}}
-\item \code{\link[lubridate:is.instant]{is.instant()}}
 \item \code{\link[lubridate:posix_utils]{is.POSIXct()}}
+\item \code{\link[lubridate:is.instant]{is.instant()}}
 \item \code{\link[lubridate:is.instant]{is.timepoint()}}
 \item \code{\link[lubridate:week]{isoweek()}}
 \item \code{\link[lubridate:year]{isoyear()}}
diff --git a/r/tests/testthat/test-dplyr-funcs-conditional.R b/r/tests/testthat/test-dplyr-funcs-conditional.R
index b3d86da8b41..e60712e9e61 100644
--- a/r/tests/testthat/test-dplyr-funcs-conditional.R
+++ b/r/tests/testthat/test-dplyr-funcs-conditional.R
@@ -176,6 +176,14 @@ test_that("case_when()", {
       collect(),
     tbl
   )
+
+  compare_dplyr_binding(
+    .input %>%
+      mutate(cw = case_when(int > 5 ~ 1, .default = 0)) %>%
+      collect(),
+    tbl
+  )
+
   compare_dplyr_binding(
     .input %>%
       transmute(cw = case_when(chr %in% letters[1:3] ~ 1L) + 41L) %>%
@@ -271,6 +279,29 @@ test_that("case_when()", {
     )
   )
 
+  expect_error(
+    expect_warning(
+      tbl %>%
+        arrow_table() %>%
+        mutate(cw = case_when(int > 5 ~ 1, .default = c(0, 1)))
+    ),
+    "`.default` must have size"
+  )
+
+  expect_warning(
+    tbl %>%
+      arrow_table() %>%
+      mutate(cw = case_when(int > 5 ~ 1, .ptype = integer())),
+    "not supported in Arrow"
+  )
+
+  expect_warning(
+    tbl %>%
+      arrow_table() %>%
+      mutate(cw = case_when(int > 5 ~ 1, .size = 10)),
+    "not supported in Arrow"
+  )
+
   compare_dplyr_binding(
     .input %>%
       transmute(cw = case_when(lgl ~ "abc")) %>%