diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_types.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_types.py
index 4f66a6f4167..f7b6040f510 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_types.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_types.py
@@ -1331,10 +1331,13 @@ def __init__(self, schema):
         def __arrow_c_schema__(self):
             return self.schema.__arrow_c_schema__()
 
-    schema = pa.schema([pa.field("field_name", pa.int32())])
+    schema = pa.schema([pa.field("field_name", pa.int32())], metadata={"a": "b"})
+    assert schema.metadata == {b"a": b"b"}
     wrapped_schema = Wrapper(schema)
 
     assert pa.schema(wrapped_schema) == schema
+    assert pa.schema(wrapped_schema).metadata == {b"a": b"b"}
+    assert pa.schema(wrapped_schema, metadata={"a": "c"}).metadata == {b"a": b"c"}
 
 
 def test_field_import_c_schema_interface():
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/types.pxi b/python/pyarrow/types.pxi
index 018099ae7e6..480f19c81df 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/types.pxi
+++ b/python/pyarrow/types.pxi
@@ -5332,7 +5332,10 @@ def schema(fields, metadata=None):
     if isinstance(fields, Mapping):
         fields = fields.items()
     elif hasattr(fields, "__arrow_c_schema__"):
-        return Schema._import_from_c_capsule(fields.__arrow_c_schema__())
+        result = Schema._import_from_c_capsule(fields.__arrow_c_schema__())
+        if metadata is not None:
+            result = result.with_metadata(metadata)
+        return result
 
     for item in fields:
         if isinstance(item, tuple):