diff --git a/.env b/.env
index 1358aafe824..21f904c3208 100644
--- a/.env
+++ b/.env
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ VCPKG="943c5ef1c8f6b5e6ced092b242c8299caae2ff01"    # 2024.04.26 Release
 # ci/docker/python-wheel-windows-vs2019.dockerfile.
 # This is a workaround for our CI problem that "archery docker build" doesn't
 # use pulled built images in dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.windows.yml.
-PYTHON_WHEEL_WINDOWS_IMAGE_REVISION=2024-06-18
+PYTHON_WHEEL_WINDOWS_IMAGE_REVISION=2024-08-06
 
 # Use conanio/${CONAN_BASE}:{CONAN_VERSION} for "docker-compose run --rm conan".
 # See https://github.com/conan-io/conan-docker-tools#readme and
diff --git a/ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux-test.dockerfile b/ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux-test.dockerfile
index cdd0ae3ced7..443ff9c53cb 100644
--- a/ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux-test.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux-test.dockerfile
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # under the License.
 
 ARG arch
-ARG python
-FROM ${arch}/python:${python}
+ARG python_image_tag
+FROM ${arch}/python:${python_image_tag}
 
 # RUN pip install --upgrade pip
 
@@ -27,4 +27,5 @@ COPY python/requirements-wheel-test.txt /arrow/python/
 RUN pip install -r /arrow/python/requirements-wheel-test.txt
 
 COPY ci/scripts/install_gcs_testbench.sh /arrow/ci/scripts/
-RUN PYTHON=python /arrow/ci/scripts/install_gcs_testbench.sh default
+ARG python
+RUN PYTHON_VERSION=${python} /arrow/ci/scripts/install_gcs_testbench.sh default
diff --git a/ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux.dockerfile b/ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux.dockerfile
index cb39667af1e..42f088fd8a2 100644
--- a/ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux.dockerfile
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ RUN vcpkg install \
 # Configure Python for applications running in the bash shell of this Dockerfile
 ARG python=3.8
 ENV PYTHON_VERSION=${python}
-RUN PYTHON_ROOT=$(find /opt/python -name cp${PYTHON_VERSION/./}-*) && \
+RUN PYTHON_ROOT=$(find /opt/python -name cp${PYTHON_VERSION/./}-cp${PYTHON_VERSION/./}) && \
     echo "export PATH=$PYTHON_ROOT/bin:\$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/python.sh
 
 SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-i", "-c"]
diff --git a/ci/docker/python-wheel-windows-test-vs2019.dockerfile b/ci/docker/python-wheel-windows-test-vs2019.dockerfile
index 32bbb55e826..5f488a4c285 100644
--- a/ci/docker/python-wheel-windows-test-vs2019.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/python-wheel-windows-test-vs2019.dockerfile
@@ -40,10 +40,11 @@ ARG python=3.8
 RUN (if "%python%"=="3.8" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.8.10" && setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\Python38;C:\Python38\Scripts") & \
     (if "%python%"=="3.9" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.9.13" && setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\Python39;C:\Python39\Scripts") & \
     (if "%python%"=="3.10" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.10.11" && setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\Python310;C:\Python310\Scripts") & \
-    (if "%python%"=="3.11" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.11.5" && setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\Python311;C:\Python311\Scripts") & \
-    (if "%python%"=="3.12" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.12.0" && setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\Python312;C:\Python312\Scripts")
+    (if "%python%"=="3.11" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.11.9" && setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\Python311;C:\Python311\Scripts") & \
+    (if "%python%"=="3.12" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.12.4" && setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\Python312;C:\Python312\Scripts") & \
+    (if "%python%"=="3.13" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.13.0-rc1" && setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\Python313;C:\Python313\Scripts")
 
 # Install archiver to extract xz archives
-RUN choco install -r -y --no-progress python --version=%PYTHON_VERSION% & \
+RUN choco install -r -y --pre --no-progress python --version=%PYTHON_VERSION% & \
     python -m pip install --no-cache-dir -U pip setuptools & \
     choco install --no-progress -r -y archiver
diff --git a/ci/docker/python-wheel-windows-vs2019.dockerfile b/ci/docker/python-wheel-windows-vs2019.dockerfile
index ff42de939d9..5a17e3e4c52 100644
--- a/ci/docker/python-wheel-windows-vs2019.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/python-wheel-windows-vs2019.dockerfile
@@ -83,9 +83,10 @@ ARG python=3.8
 RUN (if "%python%"=="3.8" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.8.10" && setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\Python38;C:\Python38\Scripts") & \
     (if "%python%"=="3.9" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.9.13" && setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\Python39;C:\Python39\Scripts") & \
     (if "%python%"=="3.10" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.10.11" && setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\Python310;C:\Python310\Scripts") & \
-    (if "%python%"=="3.11" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.11.5" && setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\Python311;C:\Python311\Scripts") & \
-    (if "%python%"=="3.12" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.12.0" && setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\Python312;C:\Python312\Scripts")
-RUN choco install -r -y --no-progress python --version=%PYTHON_VERSION%
+    (if "%python%"=="3.11" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.11.9" && setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\Python311;C:\Python311\Scripts") & \
+    (if "%python%"=="3.12" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.12.4" && setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\Python312;C:\Python312\Scripts") & \
+    (if "%python%"=="3.13" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.13.0-rc1" && setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\Python313;C:\Python313\Scripts")
+RUN choco install -r -y --pre --no-progress python --version=%PYTHON_VERSION%
 RUN python -m pip install -U pip setuptools
 
 COPY python/requirements-wheel-build.txt arrow/python/
diff --git a/ci/scripts/install_gcs_testbench.sh b/ci/scripts/install_gcs_testbench.sh
index 2090290c993..5471b3cc238 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/install_gcs_testbench.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/install_gcs_testbench.sh
@@ -41,8 +41,12 @@ version=$1
 if [[ "${version}" -eq "default" ]]; then
   version="v0.39.0"
   # Latests versions of Testbench require newer setuptools
-  ${PYTHON:-python3} -m pip install --upgrade setuptools
+  python3 -m pip install --upgrade setuptools
 fi
 
-${PYTHON:-python3} -m pip install \
-  "https://github.com/googleapis/storage-testbench/archive/${version}.tar.gz"
+# This script is run with PYTHON undefined in some places,
+# but those only use older pythons.
+if [[ -z "${PYTHON_VERSION}" ]] || [[ "${PYTHON_VERSION}" != "3.13" ]]; then
+  python3 -m pip install \
+    "https://github.com/googleapis/storage-testbench/archive/${version}.tar.gz"
+fi
diff --git a/ci/scripts/install_python.sh b/ci/scripts/install_python.sh
index 5f962f02b91..42d0e9ca179 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/install_python.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/install_python.sh
@@ -28,8 +28,9 @@ declare -A versions
 versions=([3.8]=3.8.10
           [3.9]=3.9.13
           [3.10]=3.10.11
-          [3.11]=3.11.5
-          [3.12]=3.12.0)
+          [3.11]=3.11.9
+          [3.12]=3.12.4
+          [3.13]=3.13.0)
 
 if [ "$#" -ne 2 ]; then
   echo "Usage: $0 <platform> <version>"
@@ -46,7 +47,14 @@ full_version=${versions[$2]}
 if [ $platform = "macOS" ]; then
     echo "Downloading Python installer..."
 
-    if [ "$(uname -m)" = "arm64" ] || [ "$version" = "3.10" ] || [ "$version" = "3.11" ] || [ "$version" = "3.12" ]; then
+    if [ "$version" = "3.13" ];
+    then
+        fname="python-${full_version}rc1-macos11.pkg"
+    elif [ "$(uname -m)" = "arm64" ] || \
+         [ "$version" = "3.10" ] || \
+         [ "$version" = "3.11" ] || \
+         [ "$version" = "3.12" ];
+    then
         fname="python-${full_version}-macos11.pkg"
     else
         fname="python-${full_version}-macosx10.9.pkg"
diff --git a/ci/scripts/python_wheel_macos_build.sh b/ci/scripts/python_wheel_macos_build.sh
index 3ed9d5d8dd1..d5430f26748 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/python_wheel_macos_build.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/python_wheel_macos_build.sh
@@ -48,13 +48,11 @@ fi
 
 echo "=== (${PYTHON_VERSION}) Install Python build dependencies ==="
 export PIP_SITE_PACKAGES=$(python -c 'import site; print(site.getsitepackages()[0])')
-export PIP_TARGET_PLATFORM="macosx_${MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET//./_}_${arch}"
 
 pip install \
   --upgrade \
   --only-binary=:all: \
   --target $PIP_SITE_PACKAGES \
-  --platform $PIP_TARGET_PLATFORM \
   -r ${source_dir}/python/requirements-wheel-build.txt
 pip install "delocate>=0.10.3"
 
diff --git a/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.sh b/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.sh
index 6a36109dc2f..07e765a759e 100755
--- a/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.sh
+++ b/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.sh
@@ -1146,7 +1146,7 @@ test_linux_wheels() {
     local arch="x86_64"
   fi
 
-  local python_versions="${TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS:-3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12}"
+  local python_versions="${TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS:-3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13}"
   local platform_tags="${TEST_WHEEL_PLATFORM_TAGS:-manylinux_2_17_${arch}.manylinux2014_${arch} manylinux_2_28_${arch}}"
 
   for python in ${python_versions}; do
@@ -1170,11 +1170,11 @@ test_macos_wheels() {
 
   # apple silicon processor
   if [ "$(uname -m)" = "arm64" ]; then
-    local python_versions="3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12"
+    local python_versions="3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13"
     local platform_tags="macosx_11_0_arm64"
     local check_flight=OFF
   else
-    local python_versions="3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12"
+    local python_versions="3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13"
     local platform_tags="macosx_10_15_x86_64"
   fi
 
diff --git a/dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.linux.yml b/dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.linux.yml
index 968c5da2189..2854d4349fb 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.linux.yml
+++ b/dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.linux.yml
@@ -36,6 +36,11 @@ jobs:
       ARCHERY_USE_LEGACY_DOCKER_COMPOSE: 1
       {% endif %}
       PYTHON: "{{ python_version }}"
+      {% if python_version == "3.13" %}
+      PYTHON_IMAGE_TAG: "3.13-rc"
+      {% else %}
+      PYTHON_IMAGE_TAG: "{{ python_version }}"
+      {% endif %}
 
     steps:
       {{ macros.github_checkout_arrow()|indent }}
diff --git a/dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.osx.yml b/dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.osx.yml
index 8ceb468af89..b26aeba32b7 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.osx.yml
+++ b/dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.osx.yml
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ jobs:
           source test-env/bin/activate
           pip install --upgrade pip wheel
           arch -{{ arch }} pip install -r arrow/python/requirements-wheel-test.txt
-          PYTHON=python arch -{{ arch }} arrow/ci/scripts/install_gcs_testbench.sh default
+          PYTHON_VERSION={{ python_version }} arch -{{ arch }} arrow/ci/scripts/install_gcs_testbench.sh default
           arch -{{ arch }} arrow/ci/scripts/python_wheel_unix_test.sh $(pwd)/arrow
 
       {{ macros.github_upload_releases("arrow/python/repaired_wheels/*.whl")|indent }}
diff --git a/dev/tasks/tasks.yml b/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
index fe02fe9ce68..60114d69308 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
+++ b/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
@@ -389,7 +389,8 @@ tasks:
                                                ("3.9", "cp39", "cp39"),
                                                ("3.10", "cp310", "cp310"),
                                                ("3.11", "cp311", "cp311"),
-                                               ("3.12", "cp312", "cp312")] %}
+                                               ("3.12", "cp312", "cp312"),
+                                               ("3.13", "cp313", "cp313")] %}
 
 {############################## Wheel Linux ##################################}
 
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
index 14eeeeee6e5..3045cf015bc 100644
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -1096,9 +1096,10 @@ services:
       args:
         arch: ${ARCH}
         arch_short: ${ARCH_SHORT}
-        base: quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_${ARCH_ALIAS}:2024-02-04-ea37246
+        base: quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_${ARCH_ALIAS}:2024-08-03-32dfa47
         vcpkg: ${VCPKG}
         python: ${PYTHON}
+        python_image_tag: ${PYTHON_IMAGE_TAG}
         manylinux: 2014
       context: .
       dockerfile: ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux.dockerfile
@@ -1119,9 +1120,10 @@ services:
       args:
         arch: ${ARCH}
         arch_short: ${ARCH_SHORT}
-        base: quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_${ARCH_ALIAS}:2024-02-04-ea37246
+        base: quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_${ARCH_ALIAS}:2024-08-03-32dfa47
         vcpkg: ${VCPKG}
         python: ${PYTHON}
+        python_image_tag: ${PYTHON_IMAGE_TAG}
         manylinux: 2_28
       context: .
       dockerfile: ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux.dockerfile
@@ -1135,7 +1137,7 @@ services:
     command: /arrow/ci/scripts/python_wheel_manylinux_build.sh
 
   python-wheel-manylinux-test-imports:
-    image: ${ARCH}/python:${PYTHON}
+    image: ${ARCH}/python:${PYTHON_IMAGE_TAG}
     shm_size: 2G
     volumes:
       - .:/arrow:delegated
@@ -1151,6 +1153,7 @@ services:
       args:
         arch: ${ARCH}
         python: ${PYTHON}
+        python_image_tag: ${PYTHON_IMAGE_TAG}
       context: .
       dockerfile: ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux-test.dockerfile
       cache_from:
diff --git a/python/pyproject.toml b/python/pyproject.toml
index d863bb3e5f0..8ece65dd467 100644
--- a/python/pyproject.toml
+++ b/python/pyproject.toml
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ classifiers  = [
     'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10',
     'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11',
     'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12',
+    'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13',
 ]
 maintainers = [
     {name = "Apache Arrow Developers", email = "dev@arrow.apache.org"}
diff --git a/python/requirements-wheel-build.txt b/python/requirements-wheel-build.txt
index faa078d3d7f..2d448004768 100644
--- a/python/requirements-wheel-build.txt
+++ b/python/requirements-wheel-build.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+# Remove pre and extra index url once there's NumPy and Cython wheels for 3.13
+# on PyPI
+--pre
+--extra-index-url "https://pypi.anaconda.org/scientific-python-nightly-wheels/simple"
+
 cython>=0.29.31
 oldest-supported-numpy>=0.14; python_version<'3.9'
 numpy>=2.0.0; python_version>='3.9'
diff --git a/python/requirements-wheel-test.txt b/python/requirements-wheel-test.txt
index c7ff63e3395..98ec2bd4fd4 100644
--- a/python/requirements-wheel-test.txt
+++ b/python/requirements-wheel-test.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+# Remove pre and extra index url once there's NumPy and Cython wheels for 3.13
+# on PyPI
+--pre
+--prefer-binary
+--extra-index-url "https://pypi.anaconda.org/scientific-python-nightly-wheels/simple"
+
 cffi
 cython
 hypothesis
@@ -12,5 +18,6 @@ tzdata; sys_platform == 'win32'
 numpy~=1.21.3; python_version < "3.11"
 numpy~=1.23.2; python_version == "3.11"
 numpy~=1.26.0; python_version == "3.12"
+numpy~=2.1.0; python_version >= "3.13"
 
 pandas