diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/client.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/client.cc
index 8181ae757d4..b25b13edf39 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/client.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/client.cc
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <mutex>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
 #include <utility>
 
 #ifdef GRPCPP_PP_INCLUDE
@@ -867,13 +868,17 @@ class FlightClient::FlightClientImpl {
     }
 
     grpc::ChannelArguments args;
+    // We can't set the same config value twice, so for values where
+    // we want to set defaults, keep them in a map and update them;
+    // then update them all at once
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, int> default_args;
     // Try to reconnect quickly at first, in case the server is still starting up
-    args.SetInt(GRPC_ARG_INITIAL_RECONNECT_BACKOFF_MS, 100);
+    default_args[GRPC_ARG_INITIAL_RECONNECT_BACKOFF_MS] = 100;
     // Receive messages of any size
-    args.SetMaxReceiveMessageSize(-1);
+    default_args[GRPC_ARG_MAX_RECEIVE_MESSAGE_LENGTH] = -1;
     // Setting this arg enables each client to open it's own TCP connection to server,
     // not sharing one single connection, which becomes bottleneck under high load.
-    args.SetInt(GRPC_ARG_USE_LOCAL_SUBCHANNEL_POOL, 1);
+    default_args[GRPC_ARG_USE_LOCAL_SUBCHANNEL_POOL] = 1;
 
     if (options.override_hostname != "") {
       args.SetSslTargetNameOverride(options.override_hostname);
@@ -882,12 +887,15 @@ class FlightClient::FlightClientImpl {
     // Allow setting generic gRPC options.
     for (const auto& arg : options.generic_options) {
       if (util::holds_alternative<int>(arg.second)) {
-        args.SetInt(arg.first, util::get<int>(arg.second));
+        default_args[arg.first] = util::get<int>(arg.second);
       } else if (util::holds_alternative<std::string>(arg.second)) {
         args.SetString(arg.first, util::get<std::string>(arg.second));
       }
       // Otherwise unimplemented
     }
+    for (const auto& pair : default_args) {
+      args.SetInt(pair.first, pair.second);
+    }
 
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<grpc::experimental::ClientInterceptorFactoryInterface>>
         interceptors;
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/flight_test.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/flight_test.cc
index cb88d857c95..8726a554a1c 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/flight_test.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/flight_test.cc
@@ -1417,7 +1417,7 @@ TEST_F(TestFlightClient, GenericOptions) {
   std::unique_ptr<FlightClient> client;
   auto options = FlightClientOptions::Defaults();
   // Set a very low limit at the gRPC layer to fail all calls
-  options.generic_options.emplace_back(GRPC_ARG_MAX_RECEIVE_MESSAGE_LENGTH, 32);
+  options.generic_options.emplace_back(GRPC_ARG_MAX_RECEIVE_MESSAGE_LENGTH, 4);
   Location location;
   ASSERT_OK(Location::ForGrpcTcp("localhost", server_->port(), &location));
   ASSERT_OK(FlightClient::Connect(location, options, &client));
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/_flight.pyx b/python/pyarrow/_flight.pyx
index b7459d21da1..484fbb2a4e4 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/_flight.pyx
+++ b/python/pyarrow/_flight.pyx
@@ -1435,7 +1435,8 @@ cdef class ServerCallContext(_Weakrefable):
 
     def peer(self):
         """Get the address of the peer."""
-        return frombytes(self.context.peer())
+        # Set safe=True as gRPC on Windows sometimes gives garbage bytes
+        return frombytes(self.context.peer(), safe=True)
 
     def get_middleware(self, key):
         """
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_flight.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_flight.py
index 50e993dce87..5d0e1c05bea 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_flight.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_flight.py
@@ -952,6 +952,8 @@ def test_http_basic_unauth():
             list(client.do_action(action))
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(os.name == 'nt',
+                    reason="ARROW-10013: gRPC on Windows corrupts peer()")
 def test_http_basic_auth():
     """Test a Python implementation of HTTP basic authentication."""
     with EchoStreamFlightServer(auth_handler=basic_auth_handler) as server: