diff --git a/r/R/dataset-factory.R b/r/R/dataset-factory.R
index c289cf0c8a6..30622b8a6d0 100644
--- a/r/R/dataset-factory.R
+++ b/r/R/dataset-factory.R
@@ -107,7 +107,9 @@ DatasetFactory$create <- function(x,
 #' @param ... Additional format-specific options, passed to
 #' `FileFormat$create()`. For CSV options, note that you can specify them either
 #' with the Arrow C++ library naming ("delimiter", "quoting", etc.) or the
-#' `readr`-style naming used in [read_csv_arrow()] ("delim", "quote", etc.)
+#' `readr`-style naming used in [read_csv_arrow()] ("delim", "quote", etc.).
+#' Not all `readr` options are currently supported; please file an issue if you
+#' encounter one that `arrow` should support.
 #' @return A `DatasetFactory` object. Pass this to [open_dataset()],
 #' in a list potentially with other `DatasetFactory` objects, to create
 #' a `Dataset`.
diff --git a/r/R/dataset-format.R b/r/R/dataset-format.R
index eb57b893e0c..f1bf601c720 100644
--- a/r/R/dataset-format.R
+++ b/r/R/dataset-format.R
@@ -42,7 +42,9 @@
 #'
 #'   `format = "text"`: see [CsvReadOptions]. Note that you can specify them either
 #'   with the Arrow C++ library naming ("delimiter", "quoting", etc.) or the
-#'   `readr`-style naming used in [read_csv_arrow()] ("delim", "quote", etc.)
+#'   `readr`-style naming used in [read_csv_arrow()] ("delim", "quote", etc.).
+#'   Not all `readr` options are currently supported; please file an issue if
+#'   you encounter one that `arrow` should support.
 #'
 #' It returns the appropriate subclass of `FileFormat` (e.g. `ParquetFileFormat`)
 #' @rdname FileFormat
@@ -103,13 +105,67 @@ CsvFileFormat$create <- function(..., opts = csv_file_format_parse_options(...))
   dataset___CsvFileFormat__Make(opts)
 }
 
+# Support both readr-style option names and Arrow C++ option names
 csv_file_format_parse_options <- function(...) {
-  # Support both the readr spelling of options and the arrow spelling
-  readr_opts <- c("delim", "quote", "escape_double", "escape_backslash", "skip_empty_rows")
-  if (any(readr_opts %in% names(list(...)))) {
-    readr_to_csv_parse_options(...)
+  opt_names <- names(list(...))
+  # Catch any readr-style options specified with full option names that are
+  # supported by read_delim_arrow() (and its wrappers) but are not yet
+  # supported here
+  unsup_readr_opts <- setdiff(
+    names(formals(read_delim_arrow)),
+    names(formals(readr_to_csv_parse_options))
+  )
+  is_unsup_opt <- opt_names %in% unsup_readr_opts
+  unsup_opts <- opt_names[is_unsup_opt]
+  if (length(unsup_opts)) {
+    stop(
+      "The following ",
+      ngettext(length(unsup_opts), "option is ", "options are "),
+      "supported in \"read_delim_arrow\" functions ",
+      "but not yet supported here: ",
+      oxford_paste(unsup_opts),
+      call. = FALSE
+    )
+  }
+  # Catch any options with full or partial names that do not match any of the
+  # recognized Arrow C++ option names or readr-style option names
+  arrow_opts <- names(formals(CsvParseOptions$create))
+  readr_opts <- names(formals(readr_to_csv_parse_options))
+  is_arrow_opt <- !is.na(pmatch(opt_names, arrow_opts))
+  is_readr_opt <- !is.na(pmatch(opt_names, readr_opts))
+  unrec_opts <- opt_names[!is_arrow_opt & !is_readr_opt]
+  if (length(unrec_opts)) {
+    stop(
+      "Unrecognized ",
+      ngettext(length(unrec_opts), "option", "options"),
+      ": ",
+      oxford_paste(unrec_opts),
+      call. = FALSE
+    )
+  }
+  # Catch options with ambiguous partial names (such as "del") that make it
+  # unclear whether the user is specifying Arrow C++ options ("delimiter") or
+  # readr-style options ("delim")
+  is_ambig_opt <- is.na(pmatch(opt_names, c(arrow_opts, readr_opts)))
+  ambig_opts <- opt_names[is_ambig_opt]
+  if (length(ambig_opts)) {
+    stop("Ambiguous ",
+         ngettext(length(ambig_opts), "option", "options"),
+         ": ",
+         oxford_paste(ambig_opts),
+         ". Use full argument names",
+         call. = FALSE)
+  }
+  if (any(is_readr_opt)) {
+    # Catch cases when the user specifies a mix of Arrow C++ options and
+    # readr-style options
+    if (!all(is_readr_opt)) {
+      stop("Use either Arrow parse options or readr parse options, not both",
+           call. = FALSE)
+    }
+    readr_to_csv_parse_options(...) # all options have readr-style names
   } else {
-    CsvParseOptions$create(...)
+    CsvParseOptions$create(...) # all options have Arrow C++ names
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/r/man/FileFormat.Rd b/r/man/FileFormat.Rd
index c17e98bce55..9bb6f9b0608 100644
--- a/r/man/FileFormat.Rd
+++ b/r/man/FileFormat.Rd
@@ -37,7 +37,9 @@ to reduce memory overhead. Disabled by default.
 
 \code{format = "text"}: see \link{CsvReadOptions}. Note that you can specify them either
 with the Arrow C++ library naming ("delimiter", "quoting", etc.) or the
-\code{readr}-style naming used in \code{\link[=read_csv_arrow]{read_csv_arrow()}} ("delim", "quote", etc.)
+\code{readr}-style naming used in \code{\link[=read_csv_arrow]{read_csv_arrow()}} ("delim", "quote", etc.).
+Not all \code{readr} options are currently supported; please file an issue if
+you encounter one that \code{arrow} should support.
 }
 
 It returns the appropriate subclass of \code{FileFormat} (e.g. \code{ParquetFileFormat})
diff --git a/r/man/dataset_factory.Rd b/r/man/dataset_factory.Rd
index 3216c5b0a16..4bf41021267 100644
--- a/r/man/dataset_factory.Rd
+++ b/r/man/dataset_factory.Rd
@@ -53,7 +53,9 @@ Hive-style path segments
 \item{...}{Additional format-specific options, passed to
 \code{FileFormat$create()}. For CSV options, note that you can specify them either
 with the Arrow C++ library naming ("delimiter", "quoting", etc.) or the
-\code{readr}-style naming used in \code{\link[=read_csv_arrow]{read_csv_arrow()}} ("delim", "quote", etc.)}
+\code{readr}-style naming used in \code{\link[=read_csv_arrow]{read_csv_arrow()}} ("delim", "quote", etc.).
+Not all \code{readr} options are currently supported; please file an issue if you
+encounter one that \code{arrow} should support.}
 }
 \value{
 A \code{DatasetFactory} object. Pass this to \code{\link[=open_dataset]{open_dataset()}},
diff --git a/r/tests/testthat/test-dataset.R b/r/tests/testthat/test-dataset.R
index 5bdbc42410e..a8902ab8988 100644
--- a/r/tests/testthat/test-dataset.R
+++ b/r/tests/testthat/test-dataset.R
@@ -303,11 +303,65 @@ test_that("Other text delimited dataset", {
       filter(integer > 6) %>%
       summarize(mean = mean(integer))
   )
+})
+
+test_that("readr parse options", {
+  arrow_opts <- names(formals(CsvParseOptions$create))
+  readr_opts <- names(formals(readr_to_csv_parse_options))
+
+  # Arrow and readr parse options must be mutually exclusive, or else the code
+  # in `csv_file_format_parse_options()` will error or behave incorrectly. A
+  # failure of this test indicates that these two sets of option names are not
+  # mutually exclusive.
+  expect_equal(
+    intersect(arrow_opts, readr_opts),
+    character(0)
+  )
 
-  # Now with readr option spelling (and omitting format = "text")
-  ds3 <- open_dataset(tsv_dir, partitioning = "part", delim = "\t")
+  # With not yet supported readr parse options (ARROW-8631)
+  expect_error(
+    open_dataset(tsv_dir, partitioning = "part", delim = "\t", na = "\\N"),
+    "supported"
+  )
+
+  # With unrecognized (garbage) parse options
+  expect_error(
+    open_dataset(
+      tsv_dir,
+      partitioning = "part",
+      format = "text",
+      asdfg = "\\"
+    ),
+    "Unrecognized"
+  )
+
+  # With both Arrow and readr parse options (disallowed)
+  expect_error(
+    open_dataset(
+      tsv_dir,
+      partitioning = "part",
+      format = "text",
+      quote = "\"",
+      quoting = TRUE
+    ),
+    "either"
+  )
+
+  # With ambiguous partial option names (disallowed)
+  expect_error(
+    open_dataset(
+      tsv_dir,
+      partitioning = "part",
+      format = "text",
+      quo = "\"",
+    ),
+    "Ambiguous"
+  )
+
+  # With only readr parse options (and omitting format = "text")
+  ds1 <- open_dataset(tsv_dir, partitioning = "part", delim = "\t")
   expect_equivalent(
-    ds3 %>%
+    ds1 %>%
       select(string = chr, integer = int, part) %>%
       filter(integer > 6 & part == 5) %>%
       collect() %>%