diff --git a/superset/connectors/sqla/models.py b/superset/connectors/sqla/models.py
index 1514a944e98c..b49e9ba4d337 100644
--- a/superset/connectors/sqla/models.py
+++ b/superset/connectors/sqla/models.py
@@ -740,15 +740,19 @@ def text(self, clause: str) -> TextClause:
     def get_sqla_row_level_filters(
         self,
         template_processor: Optional[BaseTemplateProcessor] = None,
+        include_global_guest_rls: bool = True,
     ) -> list[TextClause]:
         """
         Return the appropriate row level security filters for this table and the
-        current user. A custom username can be passed when the user is not present in the
-        Flask global namespace.
+        current user.
 
         :param template_processor: The template processor to apply to the filters.
+        :param include_global_guest_rls: Whether to include global (unscoped) guest
+            RLS filters. Set to False for underlying tables in virtual datasets to
+            prevent double application of global guest rules. Dataset-scoped guest
+            rules are always included regardless of this parameter.
         :returns: A list of SQL clauses to be ANDed together.
-        """  # noqa: E501
+        """
         template_processor = template_processor or self.get_template_processor()
 
         all_filters: list[TextClause] = []
@@ -765,6 +769,8 @@ def get_sqla_row_level_filters(
 
             if is_feature_enabled("EMBEDDED_SUPERSET"):
                 for rule in security_manager.get_guest_rls_filters(self):
+                    if not include_global_guest_rls and not rule.get("dataset"):
+                        continue
                     clause = self.text(
                         f"({template_processor.process_template(rule['clause'])})"
                     )
diff --git a/superset/models/helpers.py b/superset/models/helpers.py
index f6f28f63850d..704b0f4c56a3 100644
--- a/superset/models/helpers.py
+++ b/superset/models/helpers.py
@@ -903,6 +903,7 @@ def get_fetch_values_predicate(
     def get_sqla_row_level_filters(
         self,
         template_processor: Optional[BaseTemplateProcessor] = None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        include_global_guest_rls: bool = True,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
     ) -> list[TextClause]:
         # TODO: We should refactor this mixin and remove this method
         # as it exists in the BaseDatasource and is not applicable
diff --git a/superset/utils/rls.py b/superset/utils/rls.py
index 43f7da9ffe81..a2b379caec08 100644
--- a/superset/utils/rls.py
+++ b/superset/utils/rls.py
@@ -98,6 +98,11 @@ def get_predicates_for_table(
     if not dataset:
         return []
 
+    # Exclude global (unscoped) guest RLS to prevent double application in
+    # virtual datasets. Global guest rules will be applied to the outer query
+    # via get_sqla_row_level_filters() on the virtual dataset itself.
+    # Dataset-scoped guest rules are still included here because they target
+    # this specific physical dataset and won't match on the outer query.
     return [
         str(
             predicate.compile(
@@ -105,7 +110,9 @@ def get_predicates_for_table(
                 compile_kwargs={"literal_binds": True},
             )
         )
-        for predicate in dataset.get_sqla_row_level_filters()
+        for predicate in dataset.get_sqla_row_level_filters(
+            include_global_guest_rls=False,
+        )
     ]
 
 
diff --git a/tests/integration_tests/security/row_level_security_tests.py b/tests/integration_tests/security/row_level_security_tests.py
index cab80b49476e..22652023eeb2 100644
--- a/tests/integration_tests/security/row_level_security_tests.py
+++ b/tests/integration_tests/security/row_level_security_tests.py
@@ -845,3 +845,47 @@ def test_dataset_id_can_be_string(self):
         sql = dataset.get_query_str(self.query_obj)
 
         assert re.search(RLS_ALICE_REGEX, sql)
+
+    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("load_birth_names_dashboard_with_slices")
+    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("load_energy_table_with_slice")
+    def test_global_rls_not_applied_to_virtual_dataset_inner_tables(self):
+        """
+        Global guest RLS (no dataset ID) should only be applied to the outer
+        query of a virtual dataset, not to individual inner tables. This
+        prevents SQL errors when the RLS column doesn't exist on all inner
+        tables (e.g., a virtual dataset JOINing tables where only one has the
+        filtered column).
+        """
+        birth_names = self.get_table(name="birth_names")
+
+        virtual_dataset = SqlaTable(
+            table_name="virtual_birth_names_rls_test",
+            database=birth_names.database,
+            schema=birth_names.schema,
+            sql=f"SELECT * FROM {birth_names.table_name}",  # noqa: S608
+        )
+        db.session.add(virtual_dataset)
+        db.session.commit()
+
+        try:
+            # Global RLS rule (no dataset ID) — should only apply to outer
+            # query, not to the inner birth_names table reference
+            g.user = self.guest_user_with_rls(rules=[{"clause": "name = 'Alice'"}])
+            query_obj = {
+                "groupby": [],
+                "metrics": None,
+                "filter": [],
+                "is_timeseries": False,
+                "columns": ["name"],
+                "granularity": None,
+                "from_dttm": None,
+                "to_dttm": None,
+                "extras": {},
+            }
+            sql = virtual_dataset.get_query_str(query_obj)
+
+            # Guest RLS should appear in the outer WHERE clause
+            assert re.search(RLS_ALICE_REGEX, sql)
+        finally:
+            db.session.delete(virtual_dataset)
+            db.session.commit()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/sql_lab_test.py b/tests/unit_tests/sql_lab_test.py
index 9fd3a0ac0e24..cdf0c81bdce8 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/sql_lab_test.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/sql_lab_test.py
@@ -326,3 +326,31 @@ def test_get_predicates_for_table(mocker: MockerFixture) -> None:
 
     table = Table("t1", "public", "examples")
     assert get_predicates_for_table(table, database, "examples") == ["c1 = 1"]
+    dataset.get_sqla_row_level_filters.assert_called_once_with(
+        include_global_guest_rls=False,
+    )
+
+
+def test_get_predicates_for_table_excludes_global_guest_rls(
+    mocker: MockerFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Test that ``get_predicates_for_table`` passes
+    ``include_global_guest_rls=False`` to ``dataset.get_sqla_row_level_filters``
+    to prevent double application of global guest RLS in virtual datasets.
+    """
+    database = mocker.MagicMock()
+    dataset = mocker.MagicMock()
+    predicate = mocker.MagicMock()
+    predicate.compile.return_value = "c1 = 1"
+    dataset.get_sqla_row_level_filters.return_value = [predicate]
+    db = mocker.patch("superset.utils.rls.db")
+    db.session.query().filter().one_or_none.return_value = dataset
+
+    table = Table("t1", "public", "examples")
+    result = get_predicates_for_table(table, database, "examples")
+
+    assert result == ["c1 = 1"]
+    dataset.get_sqla_row_level_filters.assert_called_once_with(
+        include_global_guest_rls=False,
+    )