diff --git a/source/lib/src/gpu/tabulate.cu b/source/lib/src/gpu/tabulate.cu
index 9f924efd9b..09d02bdf2c 100644
--- a/source/lib/src/gpu/tabulate.cu
+++ b/source/lib/src/gpu/tabulate.cu
@@ -411,6 +411,26 @@ __global__ void tabulate_fusion_se_a_grad_grad_fifth_order_polynomial(
       res_grad += res_grad * t;
     }
 
+    /*
+     * `dz_dy`(or `iteratorC`) represents the derivative of the variable `out`
+     * in the function `tabulate_fusion_se_a_fifth_order_polynomial`.
+     *
+     * The expression `em[em_index] * res_grad * dz_xx + dz_dy_dem[em_index] *
+     * res` utilizes the product rule of derivatives: `(f * g)' = f' * g + f *
+     * g'`.
+     *
+     * This expression can be alternatively expressed as:
+     * `dz_dy_dem[em_index] * res + em[em_index] * (res_grad * dz_xx)`.
+     * Note that we can refer to `dz_dy_dem` as `em'`
+     *
+     * Therefore, we can rewrite this expression as: `em' * res + em * res'`,
+     * where `em'` is the derivative of `em` and `res'` is the derivative of
+     * `res`. Additionally, `res'` can be further represented as: `res_grad *
+     * dz_xx`.
+     *
+     * If `enable_se_atten` is true, `res` will be `res * t + res`, and `res'`
+     * will become `(res_grad * t + res_grad) * dz_xx`.
+     */
     for (int kk = 0; kk < MTILE; kk++) {
       int em_index = block_idx * nnei * MTILE + ii * MTILE + kk;
       iteratorC[kk * last_layer_size + thread_idx] +=
diff --git a/source/lib/src/tabulate.cc b/source/lib/src/tabulate.cc
index 9b659269e0..1f49cf0daa 100644
--- a/source/lib/src/tabulate.cc
+++ b/source/lib/src/tabulate.cc
@@ -306,6 +306,27 @@ void deepmd::tabulate_fusion_se_a_grad_grad_cpu(FPTYPE* dz_dy,
           var += var * t;
           var_grad += var_grad * t;
         }
+
+        /*
+         * `dz_dy` represents the derivative of the variable `out` in the
+         * function `deepmd::tabulate_fusion_se_a_cpu`.
+         *
+         * The expression `var * hh[0] + dz_xx * var_grad * ll[0]` utilizes the
+         * product rule of derivatives: `(f * g)' = f' * g + f * g'`.
+         *
+         * This expression can be alternatively expressed as:
+         * `hh[0] * var + ll[0] * (dz_xx * var_grad)`.
+         * Note that `hh[0]` is one element of `em`, and `ll[0]` is one element
+         * of `dz_dy_dem` which is `em'`.
+         *
+         * Therefore, we can rewrite this expression as: `em' * var + em *
+         * var'`, where `em'` is the derivative of `em` and `var'` is the
+         * derivative of `var`. Additionally, `var'` can be further represented
+         * as: `var_grad * dz_xx`.
+         *
+         * If `enable_se_atten` is true, `var` will be `var * t + var`, and
+         * `var'` will be `(var_grad * t + var_grad) * dz_xx`.
+         */
         if (unloop) {
           dz_dy[ii * last_layer_size * 4 + 0 * last_layer_size + kk] +=
               (nnei - jj) * (var * hh[0] + dz_xx * var_grad * ll[0]);