diff --git a/src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/SqlCommand.Scalar.cs b/src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/SqlCommand.Scalar.cs
index f44e4476d5..64c12c4ecb 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/SqlCommand.Scalar.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/SqlCommand.Scalar.cs
@@ -184,6 +184,11 @@ private static object CompleteExecuteScalar(SqlDataReader reader, bool returnLas
                         result = reader.GetValue(0);
                     }
                 } while (returnLastResult && reader.NextResult());
+
+                // Drain remaining results to ensure all error tokens are processed
+                // before returning the result (fix for GH issue #3736).
+                while (reader.NextResult())
+                { }
             }
             finally
             {
@@ -256,7 +261,7 @@ private Task<object> ExecuteScalarAsyncInternal(CancellationToken cancellationTo
                     SqlDataReader reader = executeTask.Result;
                     
                     // @TODO: Use continue with state?
-                    reader.ReadAsync(cancellationToken).ContinueWith(readTask =>
+                    reader.ReadAsync(cancellationToken).ContinueWith(async readTask =>
                     {
                         // @TODO: This seems a bit confusing with unnecessary extra dispose calls and try/finally blocks
                         try
@@ -298,6 +303,11 @@ private Task<object> ExecuteScalarAsyncInternal(CancellationToken cancellationTo
                                             exception = e;
                                         }
                                     }
+
+                                    // Drain remaining results to ensure all error tokens are processed
+                                    // before returning the result (fix for GH issue #3736).
+                                    while (await reader.NextResultAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
+                                    { }
                                 }
                                 finally
                                 {
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/tests/ManualTests/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.ManualTesting.Tests.csproj b/src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/tests/ManualTests/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.ManualTesting.Tests.csproj
index 3155b87f81..01133f2ec2 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/tests/ManualTests/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.ManualTesting.Tests.csproj
+++ b/src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/tests/ManualTests/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.ManualTesting.Tests.csproj
@@ -188,6 +188,7 @@
     <Compile Include="SQL\SplitPacketTest\SplitPacketTest.cs" />
     <Compile Include="SQL\SqlCommand\SqlCommandCompletedTest.cs" />
     <Compile Include="SQL\SqlCommand\SqlCommandCancelTest.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="SQL\SqlCommand\SqlCommandExecuteScalarTest.cs" />
     <Compile Include="SQL\SqlCommand\SqlCommandSetTest.cs" />
     <Compile Include="SQL\SqlCredentialTest\SqlCredentialTest.cs" />
     <Compile Include="SQL\SqlDependencyTest\SqlDependencyTest.cs" />
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/tests/ManualTests/ProviderAgnostic/MultipleResultsTest/MultipleResultsTest.cs b/src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/tests/ManualTests/ProviderAgnostic/MultipleResultsTest/MultipleResultsTest.cs
index 199b93e15f..bf1551373b 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/tests/ManualTests/ProviderAgnostic/MultipleResultsTest/MultipleResultsTest.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/tests/ManualTests/ProviderAgnostic/MultipleResultsTest/MultipleResultsTest.cs
@@ -87,11 +87,10 @@ public void ExecuteScalar()
 
             command.CommandText = s_sqlStatement;
 
-            // ExecuteScalar will select the first result set and the info message preceding it, then stop.
-            command.ExecuteScalar();
-            Assert.True(messages.TryDequeue(out string lastMessage));
-            Assert.Empty(messages);
-            Assert.Equal(ResultSet1_Message, lastMessage);
+            // ExecuteScalar now drains all result sets to ensure errors are not silently ignored (GH #3736 fix).
+            // Since the SQL statement contains RAISERRORs after the first result set, an exception is thrown.
+            SqlException ex = Assert.Throws<SqlException>(() => command.ExecuteScalar());
+            Assert.Contains("Error 1", ex.Message);
         }
 
         [ConditionalFact(typeof(DataTestUtility), nameof(DataTestUtility.AreConnStringsSetup))]
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/tests/ManualTests/SQL/SqlCommand/SqlCommandExecuteScalarTest.cs b/src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/tests/ManualTests/SQL/SqlCommand/SqlCommandExecuteScalarTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..590657e5db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/tests/ManualTests/SQL/SqlCommand/SqlCommandExecuteScalarTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.ManualTesting.Tests
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tests for ExecuteScalar to verify proper exception handling.
+    /// Regression tests for GitHub issue #3736: https://github.com/dotnet/SqlClient/issues/3736
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class SqlCommandExecuteScalarTest
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// ExecuteScalar should propagate conversion errors that occur after the first result.
+        /// </summary>
+        [ConditionalFact(typeof(DataTestUtility), nameof(DataTestUtility.AreConnStringsSetup))]
+        public static void ExecuteScalar_ShouldThrowOnConversionError()
+        {
+            string tableName = DataTestUtility.GetLongName("GH3736");
+
+            using SqlConnection connection = new(DataTestUtility.TCPConnectionString);
+            connection.Open();
+
+            try
+            {
+                // Arrange
+                // Insert valid VARCHAR values - '42-43' is a valid string, not an invalid number
+                DataTestUtility.CreateTable(connection, tableName, "(Id INT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, Val VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL)");
+                using (SqlCommand insertCmd = connection.CreateCommand())
+                {
+                    insertCmd.CommandText =
+                        $"INSERT INTO {tableName} (Val) VALUES ('12345'); " +
+                        $"INSERT INTO {tableName} (Val) VALUES ('42-43');";
+                    insertCmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
+                }
+
+                // Act
+                // The WHERE clause compares VARCHAR to INT (no quotes around 12345), causing SQL Server
+                // to convert each Val to INT. '12345' converts fine, but '42-43' fails with error 245.
+                using SqlCommand cmd = new($"SELECT Id FROM {tableName} WHERE Val = 12345", connection);
+                SqlException ex = Assert.Throws<SqlException>(() => cmd.ExecuteScalar());
+
+                // Assert
+                Assert.Equal(245, ex.Number);
+                Assert.Contains("Conversion failed", ex.Message);
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                DataTestUtility.DropTable(connection, tableName);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// ExecuteScalar should throw on conversion error so transaction can be properly rolled back.
+        /// </summary>
+        [ConditionalFact(typeof(DataTestUtility), nameof(DataTestUtility.AreConnStringsSetup))]
+        public static void ExecuteScalar_TransactionShouldRollbackOnError()
+        {
+            string sourceTable = DataTestUtility.GetLongName("GH3736_Src");
+            string targetTable = DataTestUtility.GetLongName("GH3736_Tgt");
+
+            using SqlConnection connection = new(DataTestUtility.TCPConnectionString);
+            connection.Open();
+
+            try
+            {
+                // Arrange
+                // sourceTable.Val is VARCHAR - both '12345' and '42-43' are valid strings
+                DataTestUtility.CreateTable(connection, sourceTable, "(Id INT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, Val VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL)");
+                DataTestUtility.CreateTable(connection, targetTable, "(Id INT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, Val1 INT NOT NULL, Val2 INT NOT NULL)");
+                using (SqlCommand insertCmd = connection.CreateCommand())
+                {
+                    insertCmd.CommandText =
+                        $"INSERT INTO {sourceTable} (Val) VALUES ('12345'); " +
+                        $"INSERT INTO {sourceTable} (Val) VALUES ('42-43');";
+                    insertCmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
+                }
+
+                // Act
+                // The conversion error occurs in cmd2's WHERE clause (Val = 12345 without quotes),
+                // not during the INSERT statements above.
+                SqlException ex = Assert.Throws<SqlException>(() =>
+                {
+                    using SqlTransaction transaction = connection.BeginTransaction();
+                    using (SqlCommand cmd1 = new($"INSERT INTO {targetTable} (Val1, Val2) VALUES (42, 43)", connection, transaction))
+                    {
+                        cmd1.ExecuteNonQuery();
+                    }
+                    using (SqlCommand cmd2 = new($"SELECT Id FROM {sourceTable} WHERE Val = 12345", connection, transaction))
+                    {
+                        cmd2.ExecuteScalar();
+                    }
+                    using (SqlCommand cmd3 = new($"INSERT INTO {targetTable} (Val1, Val2) VALUES (100, 200)", connection, transaction))
+                    {
+                        cmd3.ExecuteNonQuery();
+                    }
+                    transaction.Commit();
+                });
+
+                // Assert
+                Assert.Equal(245, ex.Number);
+                using (SqlCommand verifyCmd = new($"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {targetTable}", connection))
+                {
+                    int count = (int)verifyCmd.ExecuteScalar();
+                    Assert.Equal(0, count);
+                }
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                DataTestUtility.DropTable(connection, sourceTable);
+                DataTestUtility.DropTable(connection, targetTable);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// ExecuteScalar should work correctly when there is no error.
+        /// </summary>
+        [ConditionalFact(typeof(DataTestUtility), nameof(DataTestUtility.AreConnStringsSetup))]
+        public static void ExecuteScalar_ShouldWorkCorrectlyWithoutError()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            using SqlConnection connection = new(DataTestUtility.TCPConnectionString);
+            connection.Open();
+            using SqlCommand cmd = new("SELECT 42", connection);
+
+            // Act
+            object result = cmd.ExecuteScalar();
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Equal(42, result);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// ExecuteScalar should return null when there are no rows.
+        /// </summary>
+        [ConditionalFact(typeof(DataTestUtility), nameof(DataTestUtility.AreConnStringsSetup))]
+        public static void ExecuteScalar_ShouldReturnNullWhenNoRows()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            using SqlConnection connection = new(DataTestUtility.TCPConnectionString);
+            connection.Open();
+            using SqlCommand cmd = new("SELECT 1 WHERE 1 = 0", connection);
+
+            // Act
+            object result = cmd.ExecuteScalar();
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Null(result);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// ExecuteScalarAsync should propagate conversion errors that occur after the first result.
+        /// </summary>
+        [ConditionalFact(typeof(DataTestUtility), nameof(DataTestUtility.AreConnStringsSetup))]
+        public static async Task ExecuteScalarAsync_ShouldThrowOnConversionError()
+        {
+            string tableName = DataTestUtility.GetLongName("GH3736_Async");
+
+            using SqlConnection connection = new(DataTestUtility.TCPConnectionString);
+            await connection.OpenAsync();
+
+            try
+            {
+                // Arrange
+                DataTestUtility.CreateTable(connection, tableName, "(Id INT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, Val VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL)");
+                using (SqlCommand insertCmd = connection.CreateCommand())
+                {
+                    insertCmd.CommandText =
+                        $"INSERT INTO {tableName} (Val) VALUES ('12345'); " +
+                        $"INSERT INTO {tableName} (Val) VALUES ('42-43');";
+                    await insertCmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
+                }
+
+                // Act
+                using SqlCommand cmd = new($"SELECT Id FROM {tableName} WHERE Val = 12345", connection);
+                SqlException ex = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<SqlException>(() => cmd.ExecuteScalarAsync());
+
+                // Assert
+                Assert.Equal(245, ex.Number);
+                Assert.Contains("Conversion failed", ex.Message);
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                DataTestUtility.DropTable(connection, tableName);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// ExecuteScalarAsync should throw on conversion error so transaction can be properly rolled back.
+        /// </summary>
+        [ConditionalFact(typeof(DataTestUtility), nameof(DataTestUtility.AreConnStringsSetup))]
+        public static async Task ExecuteScalarAsync_TransactionShouldRollbackOnError()
+        {
+            string sourceTable = DataTestUtility.GetLongName("GH3736_AsyncSrc");
+            string targetTable = DataTestUtility.GetLongName("GH3736_AsyncTgt");
+
+            using SqlConnection connection = new(DataTestUtility.TCPConnectionString);
+            await connection.OpenAsync();
+
+            try
+            {
+                // Arrange
+                // sourceTable.Val is VARCHAR - both '12345' and '42-43' are valid strings
+                DataTestUtility.CreateTable(connection, sourceTable, "(Id INT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, Val VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL)");
+                DataTestUtility.CreateTable(connection, targetTable, "(Id INT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, Val1 INT NOT NULL, Val2 INT NOT NULL)");
+                using (SqlCommand insertCmd = connection.CreateCommand())
+                {
+                    insertCmd.CommandText =
+                        $"INSERT INTO {sourceTable} (Val) VALUES ('12345'); " +
+                        $"INSERT INTO {sourceTable} (Val) VALUES ('42-43');";
+                    await insertCmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
+                }
+
+                // Act
+                // The conversion error occurs in cmd2's WHERE clause (Val = 12345 without quotes),
+                // not during the INSERT statements above.
+                SqlException ex = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<SqlException>(async () =>
+                {
+                    using SqlTransaction transaction = connection.BeginTransaction();
+                    using (SqlCommand cmd1 = new($"INSERT INTO {targetTable} (Val1, Val2) VALUES (42, 43)", connection, transaction))
+                    {
+                        await cmd1.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
+                    }
+                    using (SqlCommand cmd2 = new($"SELECT Id FROM {sourceTable} WHERE Val = 12345", connection, transaction))
+                    {
+                        await cmd2.ExecuteScalarAsync();
+                    }
+                    using (SqlCommand cmd3 = new($"INSERT INTO {targetTable} (Val1, Val2) VALUES (100, 200)", connection, transaction))
+                    {
+                        await cmd3.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
+                    }
+                    transaction.Commit();
+                });
+
+                // Assert
+                Assert.Equal(245, ex.Number);
+                using (SqlCommand verifyCmd = new($"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {targetTable}", connection))
+                {
+                    int count = (int)await verifyCmd.ExecuteScalarAsync();
+                    Assert.Equal(0, count);
+                }
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                DataTestUtility.DropTable(connection, sourceTable);
+                DataTestUtility.DropTable(connection, targetTable);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// ExecuteScalarAsync should work correctly when there is no error.
+        /// </summary>
+        [ConditionalFact(typeof(DataTestUtility), nameof(DataTestUtility.AreConnStringsSetup))]
+        public static async Task ExecuteScalarAsync_ShouldWorkCorrectlyWithoutError()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            using SqlConnection connection = new(DataTestUtility.TCPConnectionString);
+            await connection.OpenAsync();
+            using SqlCommand cmd = new("SELECT 42", connection);
+
+            // Act
+            object result = await cmd.ExecuteScalarAsync();
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Equal(42, result);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// ExecuteScalarAsync should return null when there are no rows.
+        /// </summary>
+        [ConditionalFact(typeof(DataTestUtility), nameof(DataTestUtility.AreConnStringsSetup))]
+        public static async Task ExecuteScalarAsync_ShouldReturnNullWhenNoRows()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            using SqlConnection connection = new(DataTestUtility.TCPConnectionString);
+            await connection.OpenAsync();
+            using SqlCommand cmd = new("SELECT 1 WHERE 1 = 0", connection);
+
+            // Act
+            object result = await cmd.ExecuteScalarAsync();
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Null(result);
+        }
+    }
+}