diff --git a/src/Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks/Microsoft.Android.Sdk/targets/Microsoft.Android.Sdk.ProjectCapabilities.targets b/src/Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks/Microsoft.Android.Sdk/targets/Microsoft.Android.Sdk.ProjectCapabilities.targets
index a8b04059e23..fef1c290dfb 100644
--- a/src/Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks/Microsoft.Android.Sdk/targets/Microsoft.Android.Sdk.ProjectCapabilities.targets
+++ b/src/Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks/Microsoft.Android.Sdk/targets/Microsoft.Android.Sdk.ProjectCapabilities.targets
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ Docs about @(ProjectCapability):
     <ProjectCapability Include="Mobile" />
     <ProjectCapability Include="Android" />
     <ProjectCapability Include="AndroidApplication" Condition="$(AndroidApplication)" />
+    <ProjectCapability Include="RuntimeEnvironmentVariableSupport" Condition="$(AndroidApplication)" />
     <ProjectCapability Condition="'$(_KeepLaunchProfiles)' != 'true'" Remove="LaunchProfiles" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
diff --git a/src/Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks/Tests/Xamarin.ProjectTools/Common/DotNetCLI.cs b/src/Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks/Tests/Xamarin.ProjectTools/Common/DotNetCLI.cs
index 32135f406c8..2c003c3a06b 100644
--- a/src/Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks/Tests/Xamarin.ProjectTools/Common/DotNetCLI.cs
+++ b/src/Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks/Tests/Xamarin.ProjectTools/Common/DotNetCLI.cs
@@ -132,20 +132,20 @@ public bool Publish (string target = null, string runtimeIdentifier = null, stri
 			return Execute (arguments.ToArray ());
 		}
 
-		public bool Run (bool waitForExit = false, string [] parameters = null)
+		public bool Run (bool waitForExit = false, bool noBuild = true, string [] parameters = null)
 		{
 			string binlog = Path.Combine (Path.GetDirectoryName (projectOrSolution), "run.binlog");
 			var arguments = new List<string> {
 				"run",
 				"--project", $"\"{projectOrSolution}\"",
-				"--no-build",
-				$"/bl:\"{binlog}\"",
-				$"/p:WaitForExit={waitForExit.ToString (CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)}"
 			};
+			if (noBuild) {
+				arguments.Add ("--no-build");
+			}
+			arguments.Add ($"/bl:\"{binlog}\"");
+			arguments.Add ($"/p:WaitForExit={waitForExit.ToString (CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)}");
 			if (parameters != null) {
-				foreach (var parameter in parameters) {
-					arguments.Add ($"/p:{parameter}");
-				}
+				arguments.AddRange (parameters);
 			}
 			return Execute (arguments.ToArray ());
 		}
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ public bool Run (bool waitForExit = false, string [] parameters = null)
 		/// Starts `dotnet run` and returns a running Process that can be monitored and killed.
 		/// </summary>
 		/// <param name="waitForExit">Whether to use Microsoft.Android.Run tool which waits for app exit and streams logcat.</param>
-		/// <param name="parameters">Optional MSBuild properties to pass (e.g., "Device=emulator-5554").</param>
+		/// <param name="parameters">Additional arguments to pass to `dotnet run`.</param>
 		/// <returns>A running Process instance. Caller is responsible for disposing.</returns>
 		public Process StartRun (bool waitForExit = true, string [] parameters = null)
 		{
@@ -167,9 +167,7 @@ public Process StartRun (bool waitForExit = true, string [] parameters = null)
 				$"/p:WaitForExit={waitForExit.ToString (CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)}"
 			};
 			if (parameters != null) {
-				foreach (var parameter in parameters) {
-					arguments.Add ($"/p:{parameter}");
-				}
+				arguments.AddRange (parameters);
 			}
 
 			return ExecuteProcess (arguments.ToArray ());
diff --git a/src/Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks/Xamarin.Android.Common.targets b/src/Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks/Xamarin.Android.Common.targets
index ee75d41fb97..c141ffe6a35 100644
--- a/src/Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks/Xamarin.Android.Common.targets
+++ b/src/Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks/Xamarin.Android.Common.targets
@@ -1778,6 +1778,8 @@ because xbuild doesn't support framework reference assemblies.
     <_GeneratedAndroidEnvironment Include="mono.enable_assembly_preload=0" Condition=" '$(AndroidEnablePreloadAssemblies)' != 'True' " />
     <_GeneratedAndroidEnvironment Include="DOTNET_MODIFIABLE_ASSEMBLIES=Debug" Condition=" '$(AndroidIncludeDebugSymbols)' == 'true' and '$(AndroidUseInterpreter)' == 'true' " />
     <_GeneratedAndroidEnvironment Include="DOTNET_DiagnosticPorts=$(DiagnosticConfiguration)" Condition=" '$(DiagnosticConfiguration)' != '' " />
+    <!-- RuntimeEnvironmentVariable items come from 'dotnet run -e NAME=VALUE' -->
+    <_GeneratedAndroidEnvironment Include="@(RuntimeEnvironmentVariable->'%(Identity)=%(Value)')" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <WriteLinesToFile
       File="$(IntermediateOutputPath)__environment__.txt"
diff --git a/tests/MSBuildDeviceIntegration/Tests/InstallAndRunTests.cs b/tests/MSBuildDeviceIntegration/Tests/InstallAndRunTests.cs
index 3c1e2691dd1..1839f4ac7c0 100644
--- a/tests/MSBuildDeviceIntegration/Tests/InstallAndRunTests.cs
+++ b/tests/MSBuildDeviceIntegration/Tests/InstallAndRunTests.cs
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ public void DotNetRunWithDeviceParameter ()
 			var serial = GetAttachedDeviceSerial ();
 
 			// Start dotnet run with Device parameter, which should set $(AdbTarget)
-			using var process = dotnet.StartRun (waitForExit: true, parameters: [$"Device={serial}"]);
+			using var process = dotnet.StartRun (waitForExit: true, parameters: [$"/p:Device={serial}"]);
 
 			var locker = new Lock ();
 			var output = new StringBuilder ();
@@ -1403,6 +1403,44 @@ public void FastDeployEnvironmentFiles (bool isRelease, bool embedAssembliesInto
 			}
 		}
 
+		[Test]
+		public void DotNetRunEnvironmentVariables ()
+		{
+			var proj = new XamarinAndroidApplicationProject {
+				ProjectName = nameof (DotNetRunEnvironmentVariables),
+				RootNamespace = nameof (DotNetRunEnvironmentVariables),
+				IsRelease = false,
+				EnableDefaultItems = true,
+			};
+			proj.MainActivity = proj.DefaultMainActivity.Replace ("//${AFTER_ONCREATE}", @"
+		Console.WriteLine (""DOTNET_RUN_FOO="" + Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(""DOTNET_RUN_FOO""));
+		Console.WriteLine (""DOTNET_RUN_BAR="" + Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(""DOTNET_RUN_BAR""));
+		");
+			using var builder = CreateApkBuilder ();
+			builder.Save (proj);
+
+			var dotnet = new DotNetCLI (Path.Combine (Root, builder.ProjectDirectory, proj.ProjectFilePath));
+			Assert.IsTrue (dotnet.Run (noBuild: false, parameters: new [] { "-e", "DOTNET_RUN_FOO=TestValue123", "-e", "DOTNET_RUN_BAR=AnotherValue456" }), "`dotnet run` should succeed");
+
+			WaitForPermissionActivity (Path.Combine (Root, builder.ProjectDirectory, "permission-logcat.log"));
+			bool didLaunch = WaitForActivityToStart (proj.PackageName, "MainActivity",
+				Path.Combine (Root, builder.ProjectDirectory, "logcat.log"), 30);
+			Assert.IsTrue (didLaunch, "Activity should have started.");
+			var appStartupLogcatFile = Path.Combine (Root, builder.ProjectDirectory, "logcat.log");
+			var logcatOutput = File.ReadAllText (appStartupLogcatFile);
+
+			StringAssert.Contains (
+					"DOTNET_RUN_FOO=TestValue123",
+					logcatOutput,
+					"The Environment variable \"DOTNET_RUN_FOO\" was not set to expected value \"TestValue123\"."
+			);
+			StringAssert.Contains (
+					"DOTNET_RUN_BAR=AnotherValue456",
+					logcatOutput,
+					"The Environment variable \"DOTNET_RUN_BAR\" was not set to expected value \"AnotherValue456\"."
+			);
+		}
+
 		[Test]
 		public void FixLegacyResourceDesignerStep ([Values (true, false)] bool isRelease)
 		{