diff --git a/src/fsharp/FSharp.Core/async.fs b/src/fsharp/FSharp.Core/async.fs
index 6578233e762..ccfb8dd75db 100644
--- a/src/fsharp/FSharp.Core/async.fs
+++ b/src/fsharp/FSharp.Core/async.fs
@@ -1066,8 +1066,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.FSharp.Control
         [<DebuggerHidden>]
         let RunSynchronously cancellationToken (computation: Async<'T>) timeout =
             // Reuse the current ThreadPool thread if possible.
-            match Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread, timeout with
-            | true, None -> RunImmediate cancellationToken computation
+            match SynchronizationContext.Current, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread, timeout with
+            | null, true, None -> RunImmediate cancellationToken computation
             | _ -> QueueAsyncAndWaitForResultSynchronously cancellationToken computation timeout
 
         [<DebuggerHidden>]
diff --git a/src/fsharp/FSharp.Core/async.fsi b/src/fsharp/FSharp.Core/async.fsi
index d127f6f6380..aeccba2ea0f 100644
--- a/src/fsharp/FSharp.Core/async.fsi
+++ b/src/fsharp/FSharp.Core/async.fsi
@@ -54,14 +54,19 @@ namespace Microsoft.FSharp.Control
         ///        
         /// If no cancellation token is provided then the default cancellation token is used.
         ///
+        /// The computation is started on the current thread if <see cref="P:System.Threading.SynchronizationContext.Current"/> is null,
+        /// <see cref="P:System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread"/> has  <see cref="P:System.Threading.Thread.IsThreadPoolThread"/>
+        /// of <c>true</c>, and no timeout is specified. Otherwise the computation is started by queueing a new work item in the thread pool,
+        /// and the current thread is blocked awaiting the completion of the computation.
+        ///
         /// The timeout parameter is given in milliseconds.  A value of -1 is equivalent to
-        /// System.Threading.Timeout.Infinite.</remarks>
+        /// <see cref="F:System.Threading.Timeout.Infinite"/>.
+        /// </remarks>
         ///
         /// <param name="computation">The computation to run.</param>
         /// <param name="timeout">The amount of time in milliseconds to wait for the result of the
         /// computation before raising a <see cref="T:System.TimeoutException"/>.  If no value is provided
-        /// for timeout then a default of -1 is used to correspond to <see cref="F:System.Threading.Timeout.Infinite"/>.
-        /// If a cancellable cancellationToken is provided, timeout parameter will be ignored</param>
+        /// for timeout then a default of -1 is used to correspond to <see cref="F:System.Threading.Timeout.Infinite"/>.</param>
         /// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token to be associated with the computation.
         /// If one is not supplied, the default cancellation token is used.</param>
         ///
diff --git a/tests/FSharp.Core.UnitTests/FSharp.Core/Microsoft.FSharp.Control/AsyncModule.fs b/tests/FSharp.Core.UnitTests/FSharp.Core/Microsoft.FSharp.Control/AsyncModule.fs
index 1410106250f..89b74783e9f 100644
--- a/tests/FSharp.Core.UnitTests/FSharp.Core/Microsoft.FSharp.Control/AsyncModule.fs
+++ b/tests/FSharp.Core.UnitTests/FSharp.Core/Microsoft.FSharp.Control/AsyncModule.fs
@@ -409,8 +409,8 @@ type AsyncModule() =
     [<Fact>]
     member _.``RunSynchronously.NoThreadJumpsAndTimeout.DifferentSyncContexts``() = 
         let run syncContext =
-            let old = System.Threading.SynchronizationContext.Current
-            System.Threading.SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(syncContext)
+            let old = SynchronizationContext.Current
+            SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(syncContext)
             let longRunningTask = async { sleep(5000) }
             let mutable failed = false
             try
@@ -418,11 +418,31 @@ type AsyncModule() =
                 failed <- true
             with
                 :? System.TimeoutException -> ()
-            System.Threading.SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(old)
+            SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(old)
             if failed then Assert.Fail("TimeoutException expected")
         run null
         run (System.Threading.SynchronizationContext())
 
+    [<Fact>]
+    // See https://github.com/dotnet/fsharp/issues/12637#issuecomment-1020199383
+    member _.``RunSynchronously.ThreadJump.IfSyncCtxtNonNull``() = 
+        async {
+            do! Async.SwitchToThreadPool()
+            let old = SynchronizationContext.Current
+            SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(SynchronizationContext())
+            Assert.NotNull(SynchronizationContext.Current)
+            Assert.True(Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread)
+            let computation =
+                async {
+                    let ctxt = SynchronizationContext.Current
+                    Assert.Null(ctxt)
+                    Assert.True(Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread)
+                }
+            Async.RunSynchronously(computation)
+            SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(old)
+        }
+        |> Async.RunSynchronously
+
     [<Fact>]
     member _.``RaceBetweenCancellationAndError.AwaitWaitHandle``() = 
         let disposedEvent = new System.Threading.ManualResetEvent(false)