diff --git a/src/Build.UnitTests/BinaryLogger_Tests.cs b/src/Build.UnitTests/BinaryLogger_Tests.cs
index 098d237bd8e..ea4d6cba059 100644
--- a/src/Build.UnitTests/BinaryLogger_Tests.cs
+++ b/src/Build.UnitTests/BinaryLogger_Tests.cs
@@ -171,9 +171,55 @@ public void TestBinaryLoggerRoundtrip(string projectText, BinlogRoundtripTestRep
             var parallelExpected = parallelFromBuildText.ToString();
             var parallelActual = parallelFromPlaybackText.ToString();
 
+            parallelActual = RemoveNonDeterministicParallelOutput(parallelActual);
+            parallelExpected = RemoveNonDeterministicParallelOutput(parallelExpected);
+
             parallelActual.ShouldContainWithoutWhitespace(parallelExpected);
         }
 
+        private static string RemoveNonDeterministicParallelOutput(string text)
+        {
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(text))
+            {
+                return text;
+            }
+
+            using StringReader reader = new StringReader(text);
+            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(text.Length);
+            string line;
+            bool skipTargetOutputItems = false;
+
+            while ((line = reader.ReadLine()) is not null)
+            {
+                if (line.StartsWith("BinLogFilePath=", StringComparison.Ordinal)
+                    || line.StartsWith("CurrentUICulture=", StringComparison.Ordinal)
+                    || line.StartsWith("CurrentCulture=", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (line.StartsWith("Target output items:", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+                {
+                    skipTargetOutputItems = true;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (skipTargetOutputItems)
+                {
+                    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(line) || char.IsWhiteSpace(line[0]))
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    skipTargetOutputItems = false;
+                }
+
+                builder.AppendLine(line);
+            }
+
+            return builder.ToString();
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// This test validate that binlog file content is identical upon replaying.
         /// The identity can be defined via 3 ways:
@@ -908,9 +954,9 @@ public void ProcessParameters_DuplicatePaths_CaseInsensitive()
         [Fact]
         public void ProcessParameters_MixedConfigsWithDuplicates_HandledCorrectly()
         {
-            var result = BinaryLogger.ProcessParameters(new[] { 
-                "1.binlog", 
-                "2.binlog;ProjectImports=None", 
+            var result = BinaryLogger.ProcessParameters(new[] {
+                "1.binlog",
+                "2.binlog;ProjectImports=None",
                 "1.binlog;ProjectImports=None"  // Different config but same path - filtered as duplicate
             });
 
diff --git a/src/Tasks.UnitTests/OutputPathTests.cs b/src/Tasks.UnitTests/OutputPathTests.cs
index b1b897c20dc..338c852caa3 100644
--- a/src/Tasks.UnitTests/OutputPathTests.cs
+++ b/src/Tasks.UnitTests/OutputPathTests.cs
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public void BothBaseOutputPathAndOutputPathWereNotSpecified()
             project.Build(new MockLogger(_output)).ShouldBeFalse();
 
             // Assert
-            project.GetPropertyValue("BaseOutputPath").ShouldBe(baseOutputPath + '\\');
+            project.GetPropertyValue("BaseOutputPath").ShouldBe(baseOutputPath.WithTrailingSlash());
             project.GetPropertyValue("BaseOutputPathWasSpecified").ShouldBe(string.Empty);
             project.GetPropertyValue("_OutputPathWasMissing").ShouldBe("true");
         }
diff --git a/src/Tasks/Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets b/src/Tasks/Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets
index 4db3d552c7e..177b84f0a87 100644
--- a/src/Tasks/Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets
+++ b/src/Tasks/Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets
@@ -149,17 +149,17 @@ Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
     <Configuration Condition="'$(Configuration)' == ''">Debug</Configuration>
     <ConfigurationName Condition="'$(ConfigurationName)' == ''">$(Configuration)</ConfigurationName>
 
-    <BaseOutputPath Condition="'$(BaseOutputPath)' == ''">bin\</BaseOutputPath>
-    <BaseOutputPath Condition="!HasTrailingSlash('$(BaseOutputPath)')">$(BaseOutputPath)\</BaseOutputPath>
-    <OutputPath Condition="'$(OutputPath)' == '' and '$(PlatformName)' == 'AnyCPU'">$(BaseOutputPath)$(Configuration)\</OutputPath>
-    <OutputPath Condition="'$(OutputPath)' == '' and '$(PlatformName)' != 'AnyCPU'">$(BaseOutputPath)$(PlatformName)\$(Configuration)\</OutputPath>
-    <OutputPath Condition="!HasTrailingSlash('$(OutputPath)')">$(OutputPath)\</OutputPath>
-
-    <BaseIntermediateOutputPath Condition="'$(BaseIntermediateOutputPath)' == ''">obj\</BaseIntermediateOutputPath>
-    <BaseIntermediateOutputPath Condition="!HasTrailingSlash('$(BaseIntermediateOutputPath)')">$(BaseIntermediateOutputPath)\</BaseIntermediateOutputPath>
-    <IntermediateOutputPath Condition="'$(IntermediateOutputPath)' == '' and '$(PlatformName)' == 'AnyCPU'">$(BaseIntermediateOutputPath)$(Configuration)\</IntermediateOutputPath>
-    <IntermediateOutputPath Condition="'$(IntermediateOutputPath)' == '' and '$(PlatformName)' != 'AnyCPU'">$(BaseIntermediateOutputPath)$(PlatformName)\$(Configuration)\</IntermediateOutputPath>
-    <IntermediateOutputPath Condition="!HasTrailingSlash('$(IntermediateOutputPath)')">$(IntermediateOutputPath)\</IntermediateOutputPath>
+    <BaseOutputPath Condition="'$(BaseOutputPath)' == ''">bin$([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar)</BaseOutputPath>
+    <BaseOutputPath Condition="!HasTrailingSlash('$(BaseOutputPath)')">$(BaseOutputPath)$([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar)</BaseOutputPath>
+    <OutputPath Condition="'$(OutputPath)' == '' and '$(PlatformName)' == 'AnyCPU'">$(BaseOutputPath)$(Configuration)$([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar)</OutputPath>
+    <OutputPath Condition="'$(OutputPath)' == '' and '$(PlatformName)' != 'AnyCPU'">$(BaseOutputPath)$(PlatformName)$([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar)$(Configuration)$([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar)</OutputPath>
+    <OutputPath Condition="!HasTrailingSlash('$(OutputPath)')">$(OutputPath)$([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar)</OutputPath>
+
+    <BaseIntermediateOutputPath Condition="'$(BaseIntermediateOutputPath)' == ''">obj$([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar)</BaseIntermediateOutputPath>
+    <BaseIntermediateOutputPath Condition="!HasTrailingSlash('$(BaseIntermediateOutputPath)')">$(BaseIntermediateOutputPath)$([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar)</BaseIntermediateOutputPath>
+    <IntermediateOutputPath Condition="'$(IntermediateOutputPath)' == '' and '$(PlatformName)' == 'AnyCPU'">$(BaseIntermediateOutputPath)$(Configuration)$([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar)</IntermediateOutputPath>
+    <IntermediateOutputPath Condition="'$(IntermediateOutputPath)' == '' and '$(PlatformName)' != 'AnyCPU'">$(BaseIntermediateOutputPath)$(PlatformName)$([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar)$(Configuration)$([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar)</IntermediateOutputPath>
+    <IntermediateOutputPath Condition="!HasTrailingSlash('$(IntermediateOutputPath)')">$(IntermediateOutputPath)$([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar)</IntermediateOutputPath>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <PropertyGroup>
diff --git a/src/UnitTests.Shared/ObjectModelHelpers.cs b/src/UnitTests.Shared/ObjectModelHelpers.cs
index f7867edce49..3da4e352a23 100644
--- a/src/UnitTests.Shared/ObjectModelHelpers.cs
+++ b/src/UnitTests.Shared/ObjectModelHelpers.cs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using System.Globalization;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
@@ -588,7 +589,7 @@ public static void AssertFileExistsInTempProjectDirectory(string fileRelativePat
         /// <returns></returns>
         public static string CleanupFileContents([StringSyntax(StringSyntaxAttribute.Xml)] string projectFileContents)
         {
-            StringBuilder temp = new (projectFileContents);
+            StringBuilder temp = new(projectFileContents);
 
             // Replace reverse-single-quotes with double-quotes.
             temp.Replace('`', '"');
@@ -2005,11 +2006,14 @@ public static void ClearDirtyFlag(ProjectRootElement project)
         /// <param name="timeSpan">A <see cref="TimeSpan"/> representing the amount of time to sleep.</param>
         public static string GetSleepCommand(TimeSpan timeSpan)
         {
+            string sleepArgument = NativeMethodsShared.IsWindows
+                ? timeSpan.TotalMilliseconds.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)
+                : timeSpan.TotalSeconds.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+
             return string.Format(
+                CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
                 GetSleepCommandTemplate(),
-                NativeMethodsShared.IsWindows
-                    ? timeSpan.TotalMilliseconds // powershell can't handle floating point seconds, so give it milliseconds
-                    : timeSpan.TotalSeconds);
+                sleepArgument);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/src/Utilities.UnitTests/ToolTask_Tests.cs b/src/Utilities.UnitTests/ToolTask_Tests.cs
index a8c5650ecd9..dd52d057826 100644
--- a/src/Utilities.UnitTests/ToolTask_Tests.cs
+++ b/src/Utilities.UnitTests/ToolTask_Tests.cs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Globalization;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Resources;
 using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
@@ -1064,8 +1065,8 @@ public ToolTaskThatSleeps()
             /// </summary>
             protected override string GenerateCommandLineCommands() =>
                 NativeMethodsShared.IsUnixLike ?
-                string.Format(_unixSleep, RepeatCount < 2 ? InitialDelay / 1000.0 : FollowupDelay / 1000.0) :
-                string.Format(_windowsSleep, RepeatCount < 2 ? InitialDelay / 1000.0 : FollowupDelay / 1000.0);
+                string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, _unixSleep, RepeatCount < 2 ? InitialDelay / 1000.0 : FollowupDelay / 1000.0) :
+                string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, _windowsSleep, RepeatCount < 2 ? InitialDelay / 1000.0 : FollowupDelay / 1000.0);
 
             /// <summary>
             /// Ensures that test parameters make sense.