From 16dcba0cfa5f33ab4c20b067caf0381ed822097a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Lukas Wallrich Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 19:23:51 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Fix broken links from issue #714 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit URL replacements: - casrai.org/credit/ → credit.niso.org/ (CRediT moved to NISO) - replicationmarkets.com → replicationmarkets.org (.org not .com) - eudatasharing.eu/what-data-sharing → futurium.ec.europa.eu equivalent - coproductioncollective.co.uk old path → new path - esrc.ukri.org impact toolkit → ukri.org new URL - book.fosteropenscience.eu → open-science-training-handbook.gitbook.io/book - icpsr.umich.edu old codebook URL → new URL - creativecommons.org/about/get-involved → /mission/get-involved - library.stanford.edu DMP page → guides.library.stanford.edu/dmps - lexico.com/definition/bias → oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com equivalent - i4replication.org/discussion_paper.html → /discussion-papers/ - campbellcollaboration.org escalc URLs → /calculator/ - openaire.eu/item → /component/zoo/item (CHIST-ERA course) - wiley.com registered reports URL → updated URL - mastodon.social/@FORRTproject → @FORRT (correct handle) - Remove dead QAA and UNESCO publication URLs (no replacement) - Remove broken http://v/ link in reversals (placeholder URL) - Replace broken soscisurvey.de/replicate/ with forrt.org/replication-hub/fred/ Fix malformed %29 URLs in glossary definitions: - Convert bare URLs inside parentheses to markdown link format in Turkish, German, and Arabic glossary files to prevent Hugo's auto-linker from including ) as part of the URL Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 --- content/clusters/cluster5.md | 2 +- content/glossary/_glossaries.json | 78 +++++++++---------- content/glossary/_index.md | 6 +- content/glossary/apa_lookup.json | 22 +++--- ...1\204\330\261_\331\202\331\205\331\212.md" | 2 +- ...0\252_\331\203\330\261\330\247\330\261.md" | 2 +- ...30\252\331\205\330\247\330\271\331\212.md" | 2 +- ...31\205\330\264\330\252\330\261\331\203.md" | 2 +- ...0\247\330\257\331\212\331\205\331\212_.md" | 4 +- ...30\247\331\204\330\250\330\255\330\253.md" | 2 +- ...31\212\330\247\331\206\330\247\330\252.md" | 2 +- content/glossary/english/_index.md | 6 +- content/glossary/english/academic_impact.md | 4 +- content/glossary/english/co_production.md | 2 +- content/glossary/english/data_sharing.md | 2 +- .../english/economic_and_societal_impact.md | 2 +- .../glossary/english/replication_markets.md | 2 +- .../glossary/german/akademischer_einfluss.md | 4 +- content/glossary/german/data_sharing.md | 2 +- .../german/digital_object_identifier.md | 2 +- .../german/economic_and_societal_impact.md | 2 +- .../glossary/german/forschungsprotokoll.md | 2 +- content/glossary/german/ko_produktion.md | 2 +- content/glossary/german/oer.md | 2 +- .../german/replikationsm\303\244rkte.md" | 2 +- content/glossary/german/sortee.md | 2 +- content/glossary/references/index.md | 18 ++--- content/glossary/turkish/akademik_etki.md | 4 +- ...a\305\237t\304\261rma_protokol\303\274.md" | 2 +- ...04\237itim_kaynaklar\304\261_platformu.md" | 2 +- ...ji_ve_evrimsel_biyoloji_derne\304\237i.md" | 2 +- .../turkish/a\303\247\304\261k_veri.md" | 2 +- .../turkish/ekonomik_ve_toplumsal_etki.md | 2 +- .../glossary/turkish/ortak_\303\274retim.md" | 2 +- .../veri_payla\305\237\304\261m\304\261.md" | 2 +- "content/glossary/turkish/z_e\304\237risi.md" | 2 +- ...6n_kay\304\261t_taahh\303\274d\303\274.md" | 2 +- .../large-scale-replication-projects/index.md | 2 +- content/reversals/reversals.md | 14 ++-- content/syllabus/syllabus.md | 2 +- data/publications.yaml | 4 +- layouts/shortcodes/social-media.html | 2 +- 42 files changed, 113 insertions(+), 113 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/clusters/cluster5.md b/content/clusters/cluster5.md index e6405836ef5..0dbbf32cfa5 100644 --- a/content/clusters/cluster5.md +++ b/content/clusters/cluster5.md @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ There are 6 sub-clusters which aim to further parse the learning and teaching pr * COS: [10 Tips for Making a Great Preregistration](https://cos.io/blog/10-preregistration-tips/) -* COS: [8 Answers About Registered Reports and Research Preregistration](https://www.wiley.com/network/researchers/being-a-peer-reviewer/8-answers-about-registered-reports-research-preregistration-and-why-both-are-important) +* COS: [8 Answers About Registered Reports and Research Preregistration](https://www.wiley.com/network/researchers/being-a-peer-reviewer/registered-reports-good-for-both-science-and-authors)
diff --git a/content/glossary/_glossaries.json b/content/glossary/_glossaries.json index f1b27b0b42e..5980df6fe05 100644 --- a/content/glossary/_glossaries.json +++ b/content/glossary/_glossaries.json @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "التَّأثير الأكاديميّ [Academic Impact]", "sort_key": "التَّأثير الأكاديميّ [academic impact]", - "definition": "يشير هذا المصطلح إلى الإسهام الذي يحدثه النَّتاج البحثي، مثل: مقالة منشورة في التحوُّل المفاهيمي، وتطوير النَّظريات، والأساليب، والتَّطبيقات العمليَّة، سواء داخل التَّخصص المعرفي الواحد، أو عبر التَّخصُّصات المعرفيَّة المختلفة. ويدلُّ التَّأثير الأكاديمي كذلك على درجة التَّغيير الذي يحدثه أي نتاج، أو برنامج بحثي خارج المجال الأكاديمي، مثل التَّأثير الاجتماعي والاقتصادي. (راجع: [https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/](https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/)). **المصطلحات ذات الصّلة:** المستفيدين، **إعلان سان فرانسيسكو بشأن تقييم البحوث** ; REF", + "definition": "يشير هذا المصطلح إلى الإسهام الذي يحدثه النَّتاج البحثي، مثل: مقالة منشورة في التحوُّل المفاهيمي، وتطوير النَّظريات، والأساليب، والتَّطبيقات العمليَّة، سواء داخل التَّخصص المعرفي الواحد، أو عبر التَّخصُّصات المعرفيَّة المختلفة. ويدلُّ التَّأثير الأكاديمي كذلك على درجة التَّغيير الذي يحدثه أي نتاج، أو برنامج بحثي خارج المجال الأكاديمي، مثل التَّأثير الاجتماعي والاقتصادي. (راجع: [https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/](https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/)). **المصطلحات ذات الصّلة:** المستفيدين، **إعلان سان فرانسيسكو بشأن تقييم البحوث** ; REF", "related_terms": [ "Beneficiaries", "DORA", @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ "REF" ], "references": [ - "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/" + "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Connor Keating" @@ -2019,7 +2019,7 @@ "Filipe, A., Renedo, A., & Marston, C. (2017). The co-production of what? Knowledge, values, and social relations in health care. PLoS Biology, 15(5), e2001403. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001403", "Graham, I. D., McCutcheon, C., & Kothari, A. (2019). Exploring the frontiers of research co-production: the Integrated Knowledge Translation Research Network concept papers. Health Research Policy and Systems, 17, 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-019-0501-7", "NIHR Guidance on Co-Producing a Research Project. (2021). https://www.learningforinvolvement.org.uk/?opportunity=nihr-guidance-on-co-producing-a-research-project", - "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/what-is-co-production/our-approach" + "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/championing-co-production/what-does-co-production-mean-to-us" ], "drafted_by": [ "Emma Norris" @@ -2457,7 +2457,7 @@ "references": [ "Abele-Brehm, A. E., Gollwitzer, M., Steinberg, U., & Schönbrodt, F. D. (2019). Attitudes toward open science and public data sharing. Social Psychology, 50, 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000384", "Gollwitzer, M., Abele-Brehm, A., Fiebach, C., Ramthun, R., Scheel, A. M., Schönbrodt, F. D., & Steinberg, U. (2020). Data Management and Data Sharing in Psychological Science: Revision of the DGPs Recommendations.", - "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://eudatasharing.eu/what-data-sharing" + "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/en/support-centre-data-sharing/pages/about" ], "drafted_by": [ "Mahmoud Elsherif" @@ -2588,7 +2588,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "digital object identifier معرّف الكائن الرَّقمي [DOI (digital object identifier)]", "sort_key": "digital object identifier معرّف الكائن الرَّقمي [doi (digital object identifier)]", - "definition": "معرفات الكائنات الرَّقميَّة هي سلاسل أبجديَّة رقميَّة يمكن تخصيصها لأي كيان بما في ذلك: المنشورات (ومنها المطبوعات الأوليَّة)، والمواد، ومجموعات البيانات، والأفلام. ولا يقتصر استخدام المعرّفات الرَّقميَّة على المواد الأكاديميَّة فقط. إنَّ معرفات الكائنات الرَّقميَّة توفِّر نظامًا لتحديد دائم، وقابل للتَّنفيذ، وتبادل قابل للتَّشغيل البيني للمعلومات المدارة على الشَّبكات الرَّقميَّة (https://www.doi.org/doi-handbook/HTML/index.html). هناك العديد من وكالات لتسجيل معرّفات الكائنات الرَّقميَّة وإدارتها، ولكن من المرجَّح أنْ يواجه أغلب الباحثين اثنتين هما: Crossref و Datacite. :**المصطلحات ذات الصِّلة** arXiv and BibTex; Crossref, Datacite, ISBN, ISO, الأوركيد; Permalink.", + "definition": "معرفات الكائنات الرَّقميَّة هي سلاسل أبجديَّة رقميَّة يمكن تخصيصها لأي كيان بما في ذلك: المنشورات (ومنها المطبوعات الأوليَّة)، والمواد، ومجموعات البيانات، والأفلام. ولا يقتصر استخدام المعرّفات الرَّقميَّة على المواد الأكاديميَّة فقط. إنَّ معرفات الكائنات الرَّقميَّة توفِّر نظامًا لتحديد دائم، وقابل للتَّنفيذ، وتبادل قابل للتَّشغيل البيني للمعلومات المدارة على الشَّبكات الرَّقميَّة ([https://www.doi.org/doi-handbook/HTML/index.html](https://www.doi.org/doi-handbook/HTML/index.html)). هناك العديد من وكالات لتسجيل معرّفات الكائنات الرَّقميَّة وإدارتها، ولكن من المرجَّح أنْ يواجه أغلب الباحثين اثنتين هما: Crossref و Datacite. :**المصطلحات ذات الصِّلة** arXiv and BibTex; Crossref, Datacite, ISBN, ISO, الأوركيد; Permalink.", "related_terms": [ "arXiv and BibTex", "Crossref, Datacite, ISBN, ISO, ORCID", @@ -2871,7 +2871,7 @@ "Academic Impact" ], "references": [ - "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/" + "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Adam Parker" @@ -5611,7 +5611,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "OER Commons مصادر التعَّلُّم المفتوحة العامّة [Open Educational Resources (OER) Commons]", "sort_key": "oer commons مصادر التعَّلُّم المفتوحة العامّة [open educational resources (oer) commons]", - "definition": "مصادر التَّعلُّم المفتوحة هي مكتبة مجانيَّة على الإنترنت تُمكِّن المعلِّمين من إنشاء، ومشاركة ودمج المصادر التَّعليميَّة. تهدف حركة مصادر التَّعلُّم المفتوح إلى تحفيز\"التعليم والتَّعلُّم التَّعاوني\" ([https://www.oercommons.org/about](https://www.oercommons.org/about)) كما تقدِّم موارد تعليميَّة ذات جودة عالية متاحة للجميع. **المصطلحات ذات الصِّلة:** العدالة، فورت، الشمول، قاعدة المعرفة للمنح الدِّراسية المفتوحة، إطار العلوم المفتوحة.", + "definition": "مصادر التَّعلُّم المفتوحة هي مكتبة مجانيَّة على الإنترنت تُمكِّن المعلِّمين من إنشاء، ومشاركة ودمج المصادر التَّعليميَّة. تهدف حركة مصادر التَّعلُّم المفتوح إلى تحفيز\"التعليم والتَّعلُّم التَّعاوني\" ([https://www.oercommons.org/about]([https://www.oercommons.org/about](https://www.oercommons.org/about))) كما تقدِّم موارد تعليميَّة ذات جودة عالية متاحة للجميع. **المصطلحات ذات الصِّلة:** العدالة، فورت، الشمول، قاعدة المعرفة للمنح الدِّراسية المفتوحة، إطار العلوم المفتوحة.", "related_terms": [ "Equity", "FORRT", @@ -7886,7 +7886,7 @@ "Liu, Y., Gordon, M., Wang, J., Bishop, M., Chen, Y., Pfeiffer, T., Twardy, C., & Viganola, D. (2020). Replication Markets: Results, Lessons, Challenges and Opportunities in AI Replication. ArXiv:2005.04543 . http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.04543", "Tierney, W., Hardy III, J. H., Ebersole, C. R., Leavitt, K., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., & others. (2020). Creative destruction in science. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 161, 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.07.002", "Tierney, W., Hardy III, J., Ebersole, C. R., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., Gordon, M., & others. (2021). A creative destruction approach to replication: Implicit work and sex morality across cultures. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 93, 104060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104060", - "Replication Markets. (n.d.). Replication Markets – Reliable research replicates…you can bet on it. Replication Markets. https://www.replicationmarkets.com/" + "Replication Markets. (n.d.). Replication Markets – Reliable research replicates…you can bet on it. Replication Markets. https://replicationmarkets.org/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie" @@ -8301,7 +8301,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "مراسم البحث [Research Protocol]", "sort_key": "مراسم البحث [research protocol]", - "definition": "وثيقة مفصَّلة يتم إعدادها قبل إجراء الدِّراسة، وغالبًا ما تتم كتابتها كجزء من التَّقديم على الأخلاقيَّات وطلبات التَّمويل البحثي. يجب أن تتضمَّن المراسم معلومات تتعلق بخلفية الدِّراسة، ومبرِّراتها، وأهدافها، بالإضافة إلى الفرضيَّات التي تعكس توقُّعات الباحثين. ويجب أن تقدِّم المراسم أيضًا \"وصفة\" لإجراء الدِّراسة، بما في ذلك التَّفاصيل المنهجيَّة، وخطط واضحة للتَّحليل، ويجب استخدام أدلة أفضل الممارسات لإنشاء مراسم الدِّراسة لمنهجيَّات، ومجالات محدَّدة. ومن الممكن مشاركة مراسم البحث علنًا لجذب متعاونين جدد أو تسهيل التَّعاون الفعّال عبر المختبرات (مثل https://www.protocols.io/). وفي المجالات الطبيَّة والتَّعليميَّة، غالبًا ما تكون المراسم نوعًا منفصلًا من المقالات المناسبة للنَّشر في المجلّات. ويمكن للباحثين اختيار التَّسجيل المسبق عندما لا تكون مشاركة المراسم، أو النَّشر ممارسة شائعة. **المصطلحات ذات الصِّلة**: المعامل المتعدِّدة ، التَّسجيل المسبق.", + "definition": "وثيقة مفصَّلة يتم إعدادها قبل إجراء الدِّراسة، وغالبًا ما تتم كتابتها كجزء من التَّقديم على الأخلاقيَّات وطلبات التَّمويل البحثي. يجب أن تتضمَّن المراسم معلومات تتعلق بخلفية الدِّراسة، ومبرِّراتها، وأهدافها، بالإضافة إلى الفرضيَّات التي تعكس توقُّعات الباحثين. ويجب أن تقدِّم المراسم أيضًا \"وصفة\" لإجراء الدِّراسة، بما في ذلك التَّفاصيل المنهجيَّة، وخطط واضحة للتَّحليل، ويجب استخدام أدلة أفضل الممارسات لإنشاء مراسم الدِّراسة لمنهجيَّات، ومجالات محدَّدة. ومن الممكن مشاركة مراسم البحث علنًا لجذب متعاونين جدد أو تسهيل التَّعاون الفعّال عبر المختبرات (مثل [https://www.protocols.io/](https://www.protocols.io/)). وفي المجالات الطبيَّة والتَّعليميَّة، غالبًا ما تكون المراسم نوعًا منفصلًا من المقالات المناسبة للنَّشر في المجلّات. ويمكن للباحثين اختيار التَّسجيل المسبق عندما لا تكون مشاركة المراسم، أو النَّشر ممارسة شائعة. **المصطلحات ذات الصِّلة**: المعامل المتعدِّدة ، التَّسجيل المسبق.", "related_terms": [ "Many Labs", "Preregistration" @@ -10070,7 +10070,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "منحنى زد [Z-Curve]", "sort_key": "منحنى زد [z-curve]", - "definition": "حساب درجة زد هو نهج إحصائي يستخدم بشكل أساسي للحصول على \"معدل النَّسخ المقدر\" و \"معدل الاكتشاف المتوقَّع\" لمجموعة من الدِّراسات التي تم إعداد تقارير نتائجها. يتضمَّن حساب منحنى زد لمجموعة من الدِّراسات ذات الدِّلالة الإحصائيَّة تحويل القيم الاحتماليَّة التي أعدت سلفاً إلى درجات زد، وتثبيت نموذج خليط محدود لتوزيع درجات زد، وتقدير متوسط ​​القوة بناءً على نموذج الخليط. يمكن إجراء تحليل منحنى زد في لغة الآر من خلال حزمة مخصَّصة \\- [https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zcurve/index.html](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zcurve/index.html). **المصطلحات ذات الصِّلة:** المقاييس البديلة، نسبة درج الملفَّات، منحنى القيمة الاحتماليَّة، قرصنة القيمة الاحتماليَّة ، تكرار أو نسخ متماثل، القوة الإحصائيَّة.", + "definition": "حساب درجة زد هو نهج إحصائي يستخدم بشكل أساسي للحصول على \"معدل النَّسخ المقدر\" و \"معدل الاكتشاف المتوقَّع\" لمجموعة من الدِّراسات التي تم إعداد تقارير نتائجها. يتضمَّن حساب منحنى زد لمجموعة من الدِّراسات ذات الدِّلالة الإحصائيَّة تحويل القيم الاحتماليَّة التي أعدت سلفاً إلى درجات زد، وتثبيت نموذج خليط محدود لتوزيع درجات زد، وتقدير متوسط ​​القوة بناءً على نموذج الخليط. يمكن إجراء تحليل منحنى زد في لغة الآر من خلال حزمة مخصَّصة \\- [https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zcurve/index.html]([https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zcurve/index.html](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zcurve/index.html)). **المصطلحات ذات الصِّلة:** المقاييس البديلة، نسبة درج الملفَّات، منحنى القيمة الاحتماليَّة، قرصنة القيمة الاحتماليَّة ، تكرار أو نسخ متماثل، القوة الإحصائيَّة.", "related_terms": [ "Altmetrics", "File drawer ratio", @@ -10184,7 +10184,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Akademischer Einfluss [Academic Impact]", "sort_key": "akademischer einfluss [academic impact]", - "definition": "Den Einfluss, den ein Forschungsergebnis (z. B. ein publizierter Artikel) auf unser Verstehen von wissenschaftliche Theorien, Methoden und Anwendungen hat, und wie weit es dieses Verstehen vorantreibt, sowohl innerhalb von Disziplinen als auch disziplinübergreifend. Einfluss kann auch den Grad meinen, zu dem ein Forschungsergebnis oder ein Forschungsprogramm Veränderungen außerhalb der Wissenschaft beeinflusst, z. B. soziale oder wirtschaftliche Auswirkung (cf. ESRC: [https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/](https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/)).", + "definition": "Den Einfluss, den ein Forschungsergebnis (z. B. ein publizierter Artikel) auf unser Verstehen von wissenschaftliche Theorien, Methoden und Anwendungen hat, und wie weit es dieses Verstehen vorantreibt, sowohl innerhalb von Disziplinen als auch disziplinübergreifend. Einfluss kann auch den Grad meinen, zu dem ein Forschungsergebnis oder ein Forschungsprogramm Veränderungen außerhalb der Wissenschaft beeinflusst, z. B. soziale oder wirtschaftliche Auswirkung (cf. ESRC: [https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/](https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/)).", "related_terms": [ "Beneficiaries", "DORA", @@ -10192,7 +10192,7 @@ "REF" ], "references": [ - "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/" + "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Connor Keating" @@ -12019,7 +12019,7 @@ "Filipe, A., Renedo, A., & Marston, C. (2017). The co-production of what? Knowledge, values, and social relations in health care. PLoS Biology, 15(5), e2001403. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001403", "Graham, I. D., McCutcheon, C., & Kothari, A. (2019). Exploring the frontiers of research co-production: the Integrated Knowledge Translation Research Network concept papers. Health Research Policy and Systems, 17, 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-019-0501-7", "NIHR Guidance on Co-Producing a Research Project. (2021). https://www.learningforinvolvement.org.uk/?opportunity=nihr-guidance-on-co-producing-a-research-project", - "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/what-is-co-production/our-approach" + "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/championing-co-production/what-does-co-production-mean-to-us" ], "drafted_by": [ "Emma Norris" @@ -12437,7 +12437,7 @@ "references": [ "Abele-Brehm, A. E., Gollwitzer, M., Steinberg, U., & Schönbrodt, F. D. (2019). Attitudes toward open science and public data sharing. Social Psychology, 50, 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000384", "Gollwitzer, M., Abele-Brehm, A., Fiebach, C., Ramthun, R., Scheel, A. M., Schönbrodt, F. D., & Steinberg, U. (2020). Data Management and Data Sharing in Psychological Science: Revision of the DGPs Recommendations.", - "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://eudatasharing.eu/what-data-sharing" + "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/en/support-centre-data-sharing/pages/about" ], "drafted_by": [ "Mahmoud Elsherif" @@ -12565,7 +12565,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "digital object identifier [DOI (digital object identifier)]", "sort_key": "digital object identifier [doi (digital object identifier)]", - "definition": "Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) sind alphanumerische Zeichenfolgen, die jeder beliebigen Einheit zugewiesen werden können, z. B. Veröffentlichungen (einschließlich Preprints), Materialien, Datensätze und Spielfilme \\- die Verwendung von DOIs ist nicht nur auf wissenschaftliches oder akademisches Material beschränkt. DOIs “provides a system for persistent and actionable identification and interoperable exchange of managed information on digital networks.” (dt. bieten ein System für die dauerhafte und umsetzbare Identifizierung und den interoperablen Austausch von verwalteten Informationen in digitalen Netzwerken; https://www.doi.org/doi-handbook/HTML/index.html). Es gibt viele verschiedene DOI-Registrierungsstellen, die DOIs betreiben, aber die beiden, auf die Forschende am ehesten stoßen, sind [Crossref](https://www.crossref.org/) und [Datacite](https://datacite.org/).", + "definition": "Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) sind alphanumerische Zeichenfolgen, die jeder beliebigen Einheit zugewiesen werden können, z. B. Veröffentlichungen (einschließlich Preprints), Materialien, Datensätze und Spielfilme \\- die Verwendung von DOIs ist nicht nur auf wissenschaftliches oder akademisches Material beschränkt. DOIs “provides a system for persistent and actionable identification and interoperable exchange of managed information on digital networks.” (dt. bieten ein System für die dauerhafte und umsetzbare Identifizierung und den interoperablen Austausch von verwalteten Informationen in digitalen Netzwerken; [https://www.doi.org/doi-handbook/HTML/index.html](https://www.doi.org/doi-handbook/HTML/index.html)). Es gibt viele verschiedene DOI-Registrierungsstellen, die DOIs betreiben, aber die beiden, auf die Forschende am ehesten stoßen, sind [Crossref](https://www.crossref.org/) und [Datacite](https://datacite.org/).", "related_terms": [ "arXiv and BibTex", "Crossref, Datacite, ISBN, ISO, ORCID", @@ -12836,7 +12836,7 @@ "Academic Impact" ], "references": [ - "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/" + "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Adam Parker" @@ -15437,7 +15437,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "OER [Open Educational Resources (OER) Commons]", "sort_key": "oer [open educational resources (oer) commons]", - "definition": "OER Commons (OER steht für Open Educational Resources, aus dem Engl. offene Bildungsressourcen) ist eine frei zugängliche Online-Bibliothek, die es Lehrkräften ermöglicht, Bildungsressourcen zu erstellen, zu teilen und neu zu kombinieren. Das Ziel der OER-Bewegung ist es, kollaboratives Lehren und Lernen (https://www.oercommons.org/about) zu fördern und qualitativ hochwertige Bildungsressourcen bereitzustellen, die für jeden zugänglich sind.", + "definition": "OER Commons (OER steht für Open Educational Resources, aus dem Engl. offene Bildungsressourcen) ist eine frei zugängliche Online-Bibliothek, die es Lehrkräften ermöglicht, Bildungsressourcen zu erstellen, zu teilen und neu zu kombinieren. Das Ziel der OER-Bewegung ist es, kollaboratives Lehren und Lernen ([https://www.oercommons.org/about](https://www.oercommons.org/about)) zu fördern und qualitativ hochwertige Bildungsressourcen bereitzustellen, die für jeden zugänglich sind.", "related_terms": [ "Equity", "FORRT", @@ -17598,7 +17598,7 @@ "Liu, Y., Gordon, M., Wang, J., Bishop, M., Chen, Y., Pfeiffer, T., Twardy, C., & Viganola, D. (2020). Replication Markets: Results, Lessons, Challenges and Opportunities in AI Replication. ArXiv:2005.04543 . http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.04543", "Tierney, W., Hardy III, J. H., Ebersole, C. R., Leavitt, K., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., & others. (2020). Creative destruction in science. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 161, 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.07.002", "Tierney, W., Hardy III, J., Ebersole, C. R., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., Gordon, M., & others. (2021). A creative destruction approach to replication: Implicit work and sex morality across cultures. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 93, 104060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104060", - "Replication Markets. (n.d.). Replication Markets – Reliable research replicates…you can bet on it. Replication Markets. https://www.replicationmarkets.com/" + "Replication Markets. (n.d.). Replication Markets – Reliable research replicates…you can bet on it. Replication Markets. https://replicationmarkets.org/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie" @@ -17992,7 +17992,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Forschungsprotokoll [Research Protocol]", "sort_key": "forschungsprotokoll [research protocol]", - "definition": "Ein detailliertes Dokument, das vor der Durchführung einer Studie erstellt wird und häufig Teil von Ethik- und Drittmittelanträgen ist. Das Protokoll sollte Informationen über den Hintergrund, die Begründung und die Ziele der Studie sowie Hypothesen enthalten, die die Erwartungen der Forschenden widerspiegeln. Das Protokoll sollte auch ein \"Rezept\" für die Durchführung der Studie enthalten, einschließlich methodischer Details und klarer Analysepläne. Für bestimmte Methoden und Bereiche sollten Best-Practice-Leitlinien für die Erstellung eines Studienprotokolls verwendet werden. Es ist möglich, Forschungsprotokolle öffentlich zugänglich zu machen, um neue Kooperationspartner:innen zu gewinnen oder die effiziente Zusammenarbeit zwischen Gruppen zu erleichtern (z. B. https://www.protocols.io/). In der Medizin und im Bildungsbereich sind Protokolle oft ein eigener Artikeltyp, der sich für die Veröffentlichung in Fachzeitschriften eignet. Wo die gemeinsame Nutzung oder Veröffentlichung von Protokollen nicht üblich ist, können sich Forschende für eine Präregistrierung entscheiden.", + "definition": "Ein detailliertes Dokument, das vor der Durchführung einer Studie erstellt wird und häufig Teil von Ethik- und Drittmittelanträgen ist. Das Protokoll sollte Informationen über den Hintergrund, die Begründung und die Ziele der Studie sowie Hypothesen enthalten, die die Erwartungen der Forschenden widerspiegeln. Das Protokoll sollte auch ein \"Rezept\" für die Durchführung der Studie enthalten, einschließlich methodischer Details und klarer Analysepläne. Für bestimmte Methoden und Bereiche sollten Best-Practice-Leitlinien für die Erstellung eines Studienprotokolls verwendet werden. Es ist möglich, Forschungsprotokolle öffentlich zugänglich zu machen, um neue Kooperationspartner:innen zu gewinnen oder die effiziente Zusammenarbeit zwischen Gruppen zu erleichtern (z. B. [https://www.protocols.io/](https://www.protocols.io/)). In der Medizin und im Bildungsbereich sind Protokolle oft ein eigener Artikeltyp, der sich für die Veröffentlichung in Fachzeitschriften eignet. Wo die gemeinsame Nutzung oder Veröffentlichung von Protokollen nicht üblich ist, können sich Forschende für eine Präregistrierung entscheiden.", "related_terms": [ "Many Labs", "Preregistration" @@ -18569,7 +18569,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "SORTEE [Society for Open, Reliable, and Transparent Ecology and Evolutionary biology (SORTEE)]", "sort_key": "sortee [society for open, reliable, and transparent ecology and evolutionary biology (sortee)]", - "definition": "SORTEE (https://www.sortee.org/) ist eine internationale Gesellschaft mit dem Ziel, die Transparenz und Zuverlässigkeit von Forschungsergebnissen in den Bereichen Ökologie, Evolution und verwandten Disziplinen durch kulturelle und institutionelle Veränderungen zu verbessern. SORTEE wurde im Dezember 2020 gegründet und richtet sich an alle, die an der Verbesserung der Forschung in diesen Disziplinen interessiert sind, unabhängig von ihrer Erfahrung. Die Gesellschaft ist in Bezug auf Umfang, Mitgliedschaft und Ziele international. SORTEE umfasst über 600 Mitglieder (Stand Mai, 2021).", + "definition": "SORTEE ([https://www.sortee.org/](https://www.sortee.org/)) ist eine internationale Gesellschaft mit dem Ziel, die Transparenz und Zuverlässigkeit von Forschungsergebnissen in den Bereichen Ökologie, Evolution und verwandten Disziplinen durch kulturelle und institutionelle Veränderungen zu verbessern. SORTEE wurde im Dezember 2020 gegründet und richtet sich an alle, die an der Verbesserung der Forschung in diesen Disziplinen interessiert sind, unabhängig von ihrer Erfahrung. Die Gesellschaft ist in Bezug auf Umfang, Mitgliedschaft und Ziele international. SORTEE umfasst über 600 Mitglieder (Stand Mai, 2021).", "related_terms": [ "Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science (SIPS)" ], @@ -19683,7 +19683,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Z-Kurve [Z-Curve]", "sort_key": "z-kurve [z-curve]", - "definition": "Die Berechnung einer z-Kurve ist ein statistischer Ansatz, der hauptsächlich verwendet wird, um die \"geschätzte Replikationsrate\" (Estimated Replication Rate, ERR) und die \"erwartete Entdeckungsrate\" (Expected Discovery Rate, EDR) für eine Reihe von berichteten Studien zu ermitteln. Die Berechnung einer *z*\\-Kurve für eine Sammlung statistisch signifikanter Studien beinhaltet die Umwandlung der berichteten *p*\\-Werte in *z*\\-Werte, die Anpassung eines Finite Mixture Modell an die Verteilung der *z*\\-Werte und die Schätzung der mittleren Teststärke (Power) auf der Grundlage des Modells. Die *z*\\-Kurven-Analyse kann in R mit einem speziellen Paket durchgeführt werden \\- [https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zcurve/index.html](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zcurve/index.html).", + "definition": "Die Berechnung einer z-Kurve ist ein statistischer Ansatz, der hauptsächlich verwendet wird, um die \"geschätzte Replikationsrate\" (Estimated Replication Rate, ERR) und die \"erwartete Entdeckungsrate\" (Expected Discovery Rate, EDR) für eine Reihe von berichteten Studien zu ermitteln. Die Berechnung einer *z*\\-Kurve für eine Sammlung statistisch signifikanter Studien beinhaltet die Umwandlung der berichteten *p*\\-Werte in *z*\\-Werte, die Anpassung eines Finite Mixture Modell an die Verteilung der *z*\\-Werte und die Schätzung der mittleren Teststärke (Power) auf der Grundlage des Modells. Die *z*\\-Kurven-Analyse kann in R mit einem speziellen Paket durchgeführt werden \\- [https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zcurve/index.html]([https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zcurve/index.html](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zcurve/index.html)).", "related_terms": [ "Altmetrics", "File drawer ratio", @@ -19788,7 +19788,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Academic Impact", "sort_key": "academic impact", - "definition": "The contribution that a research output (e.g., published manuscript) makes in shifting understanding and advancing scientific theory, method, and application, across and within disciplines. Impact can also refer to the degree to which an output or research programme influences change outside of academia, e.g. societal and economic impact (cf. ESRC: https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/).", + "definition": "The contribution that a research output (e.g., published manuscript) makes in shifting understanding and advancing scientific theory, method, and application, across and within disciplines. Impact can also refer to the degree to which an output or research programme influences change outside of academia, e.g. societal and economic impact (cf. ESRC: https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/).", "related_terms": [ "Beneficiaries", "DORA", @@ -19796,7 +19796,7 @@ "REF" ], "references": [ - "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/" + "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Connor Keating" @@ -21393,7 +21393,7 @@ "Filipe, A., Renedo, A., & Marston, C. (2017). The co-production of what? Knowledge, values, and social relations in health care. PLoS Biology, 15(5), e2001403. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001403", "Graham, I. D., McCutcheon, C., & Kothari, A. (2019). Exploring the frontiers of research co-production: the Integrated Knowledge Translation Research Network concept papers. Health Research Policy and Systems, 17, 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-019-0501-7", "NIHR Guidance on Co-Producing a Research Project. (2021). https://www.learningforinvolvement.org.uk/?opportunity=nihr-guidance-on-co-producing-a-research-project", - "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/what-is-co-production/our-approach" + "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/championing-co-production/what-does-co-production-mean-to-us" ], "drafted_by": [ "Emma Norris" @@ -21767,7 +21767,7 @@ "references": [ "Abele-Brehm, A. E., Gollwitzer, M., Steinberg, U., & Schönbrodt, F. D. (2019). Attitudes toward open science and public data sharing. Social Psychology, 50, 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000384", "Gollwitzer, M., Abele-Brehm, A., Fiebach, C., Ramthun, R., Scheel, A. M., Schönbrodt, F. D., & Steinberg, U. (2020). Data Management and Data Sharing in Psychological Science: Revision of the DGPs Recommendations.", - "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://eudatasharing.eu/what-data-sharing" + "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/en/support-centre-data-sharing/pages/about" ], "drafted_by": [ "Mahmoud Elsherif" @@ -22122,7 +22122,7 @@ "Academic Impact" ], "references": [ - "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/" + "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Adam Parker" @@ -24435,7 +24435,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Open Educational Resources (OER) Commons", "sort_key": "open educational resources (oer) commons", - "definition": "OER Commons (with OER standing for open educational resources) is a freely accessible online library allowing teachers to create, share and remix educational resources. The goal of the OER movement is to stimulate “collaborative teaching and learning” ([https://www.oercommons.org/about](https://www.oercommons.org/about)) and provide high-quality educational resources that are accessible for everyone.", + "definition": "OER Commons (with OER standing for open educational resources) is a freely accessible online library allowing teachers to create, share and remix educational resources. The goal of the OER movement is to stimulate “collaborative teaching and learning” ([https://www.oercommons.org/about]([https://www.oercommons.org/about](https://www.oercommons.org/about))) and provide high-quality educational resources that are accessible for everyone.", "related_terms": [ "Equity", "FORRT", @@ -26365,7 +26365,7 @@ "Liu, Y., Gordon, M., Wang, J., Bishop, M., Chen, Y., Pfeiffer, T., Twardy, C., & Viganola, D. (2020). Replication Markets: Results, Lessons, Challenges and Opportunities in AI Replication. ArXiv:2005.04543 . http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.04543", "Tierney, W., Hardy III, J. H., Ebersole, C. R., Leavitt, K., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., & others. (2020). Creative destruction in science. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 161, 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.07.002", "Tierney, W., Hardy III, J., Ebersole, C. R., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., Gordon, M., & others. (2021). A creative destruction approach to replication: Implicit work and sex morality across cultures. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 93, 104060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104060", - "Replication Markets. (n.d.). Replication Markets – Reliable research replicates…you can bet on it. Replication Markets. https://www.replicationmarkets.com/" + "Replication Markets. (n.d.). Replication Markets – Reliable research replicates…you can bet on it. Replication Markets. https://replicationmarkets.org/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie" @@ -28297,7 +28297,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Akademik Etki [Academic Impact]", "sort_key": "akademik etki [academic impact]", - "definition": "Bir araştırma çıktısının (örneğin, yayımlanmış bir makale), disiplinler arasında ve disiplin içinde, bilimsel teori, yöntem ve uygulamanın anlaşılmasını değiştirme ve geliştirme konusundaki katkısıdır. Etki, ayrıca bir çıktı veya araştırma programının akademi dışındaki toplumsal ve ekonomik etki gibi değişimi ne ölçüde etkilediğini de ifade edebilir.(krş. ESRC: https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/).", + "definition": "Bir araştırma çıktısının (örneğin, yayımlanmış bir makale), disiplinler arasında ve disiplin içinde, bilimsel teori, yöntem ve uygulamanın anlaşılmasını değiştirme ve geliştirme konusundaki katkısıdır. Etki, ayrıca bir çıktı veya araştırma programının akademi dışındaki toplumsal ve ekonomik etki gibi değişimi ne ölçüde etkilediğini de ifade edebilir.(krş. ESRC: [https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/](https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/)).", "related_terms": [ "Beneficiaries", "DORA", @@ -28305,7 +28305,7 @@ "REF" ], "references": [ - "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/" + "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Connor Keating" @@ -30046,7 +30046,7 @@ "Filipe, A., Renedo, A., & Marston, C. (2017). The co-production of what? Knowledge, values, and social relations in health care. PLoS Biology, 15(5), e2001403. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001403", "Graham, I. D., McCutcheon, C., & Kothari, A. (2019). Exploring the frontiers of research co-production: the Integrated Knowledge Translation Research Network concept papers. Health Research Policy and Systems, 17, 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-019-0501-7", "NIHR Guidance on Co-Producing a Research Project. (2021). https://www.learningforinvolvement.org.uk/?opportunity=nihr-guidance-on-co-producing-a-research-project", - "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/what-is-co-production/our-approach" + "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/championing-co-production/what-does-co-production-mean-to-us" ], "drafted_by": [ "Emma Norris" @@ -30453,7 +30453,7 @@ "references": [ "Abele-Brehm, A. E., Gollwitzer, M., Steinberg, U., & Schönbrodt, F. D. (2019). Attitudes toward open science and public data sharing. Social Psychology, 50, 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000384", "Gollwitzer, M., Abele-Brehm, A., Fiebach, C., Ramthun, R., Scheel, A. M., Schönbrodt, F. D., & Steinberg, U. (2020). Data Management and Data Sharing in Psychological Science: Revision of the DGPs Recommendations.", - "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://eudatasharing.eu/what-data-sharing" + "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/en/support-centre-data-sharing/pages/about" ], "drafted_by": [ "Mahmoud Elsherif" @@ -30841,7 +30841,7 @@ "Academic Impact" ], "references": [ - "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/" + "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Adam Parker" @@ -33220,7 +33220,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Açık Veri [Open Data]", "sort_key": "aczizk veri [open data]", - "definition": "Açık veri, başkaları tarafından kısıtlama olmaksızın serbestçe ve kolayca erişilebilir olan verileri ifade eder, \"Açık veri ve içerik herkes tarafından herhangi bir amaç için serbestçe kullanılabilir, değiştirilebilir ve paylaşılabilir\" ( https://opendefinition.org/). Açık veriler, atıf yapma ve paylaşma gereksinimine tabidir, bu nedenle uygun Açık Lisansları dikkate almak önemlidir. Hassas veya zamana duyarlı veri setleri, veri bütünlüğünün korunmasını sağlamak için ambargo altına alınabilir veya daha seçici erişim seçenekleriyle paylaşılabilir.", + "definition": "Açık veri, başkaları tarafından kısıtlama olmaksızın serbestçe ve kolayca erişilebilir olan verileri ifade eder, \"Açık veri ve içerik herkes tarafından herhangi bir amaç için serbestçe kullanılabilir, değiştirilebilir ve paylaşılabilir\" ( [https://opendefinition.org/](https://opendefinition.org/)). Açık veriler, atıf yapma ve paylaşma gereksinimine tabidir, bu nedenle uygun Açık Lisansları dikkate almak önemlidir. Hassas veya zamana duyarlı veri setleri, veri bütünlüğünün korunmasını sağlamak için ambargo altına alınabilir veya daha seçici erişim seçenekleriyle paylaşılabilir.", "related_terms": [ "Badges (Open Science)", "Data availability", @@ -33263,7 +33263,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Açık Eğitim Kaynakları Platformu [Open Educational Resources (OER) Commons]", "sort_key": "aczizk egzitim kaynaklariz platformu [open educational resources (oer) commons]", - "definition": "Açık Eğitim Kaynakları Platformu, öğretmenlerin eğitim kaynakları oluşturmasına, paylaşmasına ve yeniden düzenlemesine olanak tanıyan, serbestçe erişilebilen bir çevrim içi kütüphanedir. Açık Eğitim Kaynakları hareketinin amacı, \"iş birliğine dayalı öğretme ve öğrenme\"yi (https://www.oercommons.org/about) teşvik etmek ve herkesin erişebileceği yüksek kaliteli eğitim kaynakları sağlamaktır.", + "definition": "Açık Eğitim Kaynakları Platformu, öğretmenlerin eğitim kaynakları oluşturmasına, paylaşmasına ve yeniden düzenlemesine olanak tanıyan, serbestçe erişilebilen bir çevrim içi kütüphanedir. Açık Eğitim Kaynakları hareketinin amacı, \"iş birliğine dayalı öğretme ve öğrenme\"yi ([https://www.oercommons.org/about](https://www.oercommons.org/about)) teşvik etmek ve herkesin erişebileceği yüksek kaliteli eğitim kaynakları sağlamaktır.", "related_terms": [ "Equity", "FORRT", @@ -34507,7 +34507,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Ön-kayıt Taahhüdü [Preregistration Pledge]", "sort_key": "ozn-kayizt taahhuzduz [preregistration pledge]", - "definition": "‘Açık ve yeniden üretilebilir araştırma uygulamalarını destekleyen kolektif bir eylem’ kapsamında, araştırmacılardan önümüzdeki iki yıl içinde en az bir çalışmayı ön kayıt altına alacaklarına dair söz vermelerini isteyen ön-kayıt taahhüdü, Free Our Knowledge projesi ile başlatılmış bir girişimdir (https://freeourknowledge.org/about/). Proje, erken kariyer araştırmacıları (EKA) tarafından başlatılmış tabandan gelen bir harekettir.", + "definition": "‘Açık ve yeniden üretilebilir araştırma uygulamalarını destekleyen kolektif bir eylem’ kapsamında, araştırmacılardan önümüzdeki iki yıl içinde en az bir çalışmayı ön kayıt altına alacaklarına dair söz vermelerini isteyen ön-kayıt taahhüdü, Free Our Knowledge projesi ile başlatılmış bir girişimdir ([https://freeourknowledge.org/about/](https://freeourknowledge.org/about/)). Proje, erken kariyer araştırmacıları (EKA) tarafından başlatılmış tabandan gelen bir harekettir.", "related_terms": [ "Preregistration" ], @@ -35714,7 +35714,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Araştırma Protokolü [Research Protocol]", "sort_key": "arasztizrma protokoluz [research protocol]", - "definition": "Araştırma protokolü, bir araştırma yürütülmeden önce hazırlanan ayrıntılı bir belgedir ve genellikle etik kurul ya da fon başvuruları kapsamında yazılır. Protokol, araştırmanın arka planına, gerekçesine ve amaçlarına dair bilgilerin yanı sıra, araştırmacıların beklentilerini yansıtan hipotezleri de içermelidir. Protokolde ayrıca, yöntemsel ayrıntıları ve açık bir analiz planını da içeren araştırmanın nasıl yürütüleceğine dair bir ‘tarif’ yer almalıdır. Protokol hazırlarken, kullanılan yönteme ve alana özgü en iyi uygulama kılavuzları esas alınmalıdır. Araştırma protokolleri, yeni iş birlikleri çekmek veya araştırma laboratuvarları arası etkili iş birliğini kolaylaştırmak amacıyla herkese açık biçimde paylaşılabilir (örn., https://www.protocols.io/). Tıp ve eğitim gibi alanlarda, protokoller genellikle dergilerde yayınlanabilir ayrı bir makale türü olarak kabul edilir. Protokol paylaşımının veya yayımlanmasının yaygın bir uygulama olmadığı durumlarda ise, araştırmacılar ön-kayıt seçeneğini tercih edebilir.", + "definition": "Araştırma protokolü, bir araştırma yürütülmeden önce hazırlanan ayrıntılı bir belgedir ve genellikle etik kurul ya da fon başvuruları kapsamında yazılır. Protokol, araştırmanın arka planına, gerekçesine ve amaçlarına dair bilgilerin yanı sıra, araştırmacıların beklentilerini yansıtan hipotezleri de içermelidir. Protokolde ayrıca, yöntemsel ayrıntıları ve açık bir analiz planını da içeren araştırmanın nasıl yürütüleceğine dair bir ‘tarif’ yer almalıdır. Protokol hazırlarken, kullanılan yönteme ve alana özgü en iyi uygulama kılavuzları esas alınmalıdır. Araştırma protokolleri, yeni iş birlikleri çekmek veya araştırma laboratuvarları arası etkili iş birliğini kolaylaştırmak amacıyla herkese açık biçimde paylaşılabilir (örn., [https://www.protocols.io/](https://www.protocols.io/)). Tıp ve eğitim gibi alanlarda, protokoller genellikle dergilerde yayınlanabilir ayrı bir makale türü olarak kabul edilir. Protokol paylaşımının veya yayımlanmasının yaygın bir uygulama olmadığı durumlarda ise, araştırmacılar ön-kayıt seçeneğini tercih edebilir.", "related_terms": [ "Many Labs", "Preregistration" @@ -36204,7 +36204,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Açık, Güvenilir ve Şeffaf Ekoloji ve Evrimsel Biyoloji Derneği [Society for Open, Reliable, and Transparent Ecology and Evolutionary biology (SORTEE)]", "sort_key": "aczizk, guzvenilir ve szeffaf ekoloji ve evrimsel biyoloji dernegzi [society for open, reliable, and transparent ecology and evolutionary biology (sortee)]", - "definition": "SORTEE (https://www.sortee.org/), ekoloji, evrim ve ilgili disiplinlerde kültürel ve kurumsal değişimler yoluyla araştırma sonuçlarının şeffaflığını ve güvenilirliğini artırmayı hedefleyen uluslararası bir dernektir. Aralık 2020’de, deneyim düzeyine bakılmaksızın, bu disiplinlerdeki araştırmaları iyileştirmekle ilgilenen herkesin katılımına açık şekilde kurulmuştur. Dernek, kapsamı, üyelik sistemi ve hedefleri bakımından uluslararası niteliktedir. Mayıs 2021 itibarıyla SORTEE’nin 600’den fazla üyesi bulunmaktadır.", + "definition": "SORTEE ([https://www.sortee.org/](https://www.sortee.org/)), ekoloji, evrim ve ilgili disiplinlerde kültürel ve kurumsal değişimler yoluyla araştırma sonuçlarının şeffaflığını ve güvenilirliğini artırmayı hedefleyen uluslararası bir dernektir. Aralık 2020’de, deneyim düzeyine bakılmaksızın, bu disiplinlerdeki araştırmaları iyileştirmekle ilgilenen herkesin katılımına açık şekilde kurulmuştur. Dernek, kapsamı, üyelik sistemi ve hedefleri bakımından uluslararası niteliktedir. Mayıs 2021 itibarıyla SORTEE’nin 600’den fazla üyesi bulunmaktadır.", "related_terms": [ "Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science (SIPS)" ], @@ -37263,7 +37263,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Z-Eğrisi [Z-Curve]", "sort_key": "z-egzrisi [z-curve]", - "definition": "Z-skoru hesaplama, özellikle sunulan çalışmaların ‘Tahmini Tekrar Edilebilirlik Oranı’ (ERR; Estimated Replication Rate) ve ‘Beklenen Keşif Oranı’ (EDR; Expected Discovery Rate) değerlerini elde etmek için kullanılan istatistiksel bir yaklaşımdır. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunan çalışmalar için z-eğrisi hesaplama süreci, bildirilen p-değerlerinin z-skorlarına dönüştürülmesini, z-skorlarının dağılımına sonlu karışımlı model (finite mixture model) uygulanmasını ve bu karışımlı modele dayanarak ortalama gücün tahmin edilmesini içerir. Z-eğrisi analizi, R üzerinde özel bir paket aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilebilir (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zcurve/index.html).", + "definition": "Z-skoru hesaplama, özellikle sunulan çalışmaların ‘Tahmini Tekrar Edilebilirlik Oranı’ (ERR; Estimated Replication Rate) ve ‘Beklenen Keşif Oranı’ (EDR; Expected Discovery Rate) değerlerini elde etmek için kullanılan istatistiksel bir yaklaşımdır. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunan çalışmalar için z-eğrisi hesaplama süreci, bildirilen p-değerlerinin z-skorlarına dönüştürülmesini, z-skorlarının dağılımına sonlu karışımlı model (finite mixture model) uygulanmasını ve bu karışımlı modele dayanarak ortalama gücün tahmin edilmesini içerir. Z-eğrisi analizi, R üzerinde özel bir paket aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilebilir ([https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zcurve/index.html](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zcurve/index.html)).", "related_terms": [ "Altmetrics", "File drawer ratio", diff --git a/content/glossary/_index.md b/content/glossary/_index.md index 41ceff07c19..37de2e720e3 100644 --- a/content/glossary/_index.md +++ b/content/glossary/_index.md @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ There are two outputs for this project. First, the entire glossary will appear o 5. Contributions and Authorship -In this project we will use the CREDIT taxonomy ([https://casrai.org/credit/](https://casrai.org/credit/)) in this prepared [contributors spreadsheet](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1zvgAHWfTq6cbj3wMAr46zFU0w5JdV6796sM8FsO13y0). Please add your details (including ORCID) and contributions as you make them. This will facilitate the development of this project, allow us to easily communicate with all contributors, and ensure that all contributions are recognized. +In this project we will use the CREDIT taxonomy ([https://credit.niso.org/](https://credit.niso.org/)) in this prepared [contributors spreadsheet](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1zvgAHWfTq6cbj3wMAr46zFU0w5JdV6796sM8FsO13y0). Please add your details (including ORCID) and contributions as you make them. This will facilitate the development of this project, allow us to easily communicate with all contributors, and ensure that all contributions are recognized. Every few days, one of the team will review this document to finalize definitions that have had sufficient input. @@ -164,11 +164,11 @@ We invite several specific contributions: _original draft preparation_, and _rev **Term: CRediT** -**Definition:** The Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT; https://casrai.org/credit/) is a high-level taxonomy, including 14 roles, that can be used to indicate the roles typically adopted by contributors to scientific scholarly output. The roles describe each contributor’s specific contribution to the scholarly output. They can be assigned multiple times to different authors and one author can also be assigned multiple roles. CRediT includes the following roles: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal Analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. A description of the different roles can be found in the work of Brand et al., (2015). +**Definition:** The Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT; https://credit.niso.org/) is a high-level taxonomy, including 14 roles, that can be used to indicate the roles typically adopted by contributors to scientific scholarly output. The roles describe each contributor’s specific contribution to the scholarly output. They can be assigned multiple times to different authors and one author can also be assigned multiple roles. CRediT includes the following roles: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal Analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. A description of the different roles can be found in the work of Brand et al., (2015). **Related terms:** Authorship **Alternative definition:** (if applicable) **Related terms to alternative definition:** (if applicable) -**Reference(s):** Brand et al. (2015); Holcombe (2019); https://casrai.org/credit/ +**Reference(s):** Brand et al. (2015); Holcombe (2019); https://credit.niso.org/ **Drafted by:** Sam Parsons **Reviewed (or Edited) by:** Myriam A. Baum; Matt Jaquiery; Connor Keating; Yuki Yamada diff --git a/content/glossary/apa_lookup.json b/content/glossary/apa_lookup.json index c98dd7be429..671211dfe22 100644 --- a/content/glossary/apa_lookup.json +++ b/content/glossary/apa_lookup.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ { "CESSDA_DataManagement": "CESSDA. (n.d.). Data Management Expert Guide—CESSDA TRAINING. https://www.cessda.eu/Training/Training-Resources/Library/Data-Management-Expert-Guide", - "Stanford_DataManagementPlans": "Stanford Libraries. (n.d.). Data Management Plans | Stanford Libraries. https://library.stanford.edu/research/data-management-services/data-management-plans", + "Stanford_DataManagementPlans": "Stanford Libraries. (n.d.). Data Management Plans | Stanford Libraries. https://guides.library.stanford.edu/dmps", "EU_DataProtection": "European Commission. (n.d.). Data Protection. https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-topic/data-protection_en", "DataCite_MetadataSchema": "DataCite Schema. (n.d.). Datacite Metadata Schema. https://schema.datacite.org/", "cook1979quasi": "Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi-Experimentation. Rand McNally.", @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ "AlbayrakOkoroji2019": "Albayrak, N., & Okoroji, C. (2019). Facing the challenges of postgraduate study as a minority student. A Guide for Psychology Postgraduates, 63.", "AlbayrakAydemir2020": "Albayrak-Aydemir, N. (2020). The hidden costs of being a scholar from the global south. Retrieved from https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/highereducation/2020/02/20/the-hidden-costs-of-being-a-scholar-from-the-global-south/", "ALLEA2017": "Academies, A. A. E. (2017). The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. Revised Edition. Retrieved from https://allea.org/code-of-conduct/", - "AllenMcGonagleOConnellND": "Allen, L., & McGonagle-O’Connell, A. (n.d.). CRediT – Contributor Roles Taxonomy. Retrieved from https://casrai.org/credit/", + "AllenMcGonagleOConnellND": "Allen, L., & McGonagle-O’Connell, A. (n.d.). CRediT – Contributor Roles Taxonomy. Retrieved from https://credit.niso.org/", "Ali2021": "Ali, M. J. (2021). Understanding the Altmetrics. Seminars in Ophthalmology. https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2021.1930806", "APA2007": "American Psychological Association, Task Force on Socioeconomic Status. (2007). Report of the APA Task Force on Socioeconomic Status. American Psychological Association.", "Anderson2010": "Anderson, M. S., Ronning, E. A., Devries, R., & Martinson, B. C. (2010). Extending the Mertonian norms: Scientists’ subscription to norms of research. Journal of Higher Education, 81(3), 366–393. https://doi.org/10.1353/jhe.0.0095", @@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ "AnonFOSTERND": "Anon. (n.d.). Open Source in Open Science | FOSTER. Retrieved from https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/foster-taxonomy/open-source-open-science", "AnonDOIHandbook2019": "Anon. (2019). The DOI Handbook.", "AnonSherpaRomeoND": "Anon. (n.d.). Welcome to Sherpa Romeo - v2.sherpa. Retrieved from https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/", - "AnonCodebookND": "Anon. (n.d.). What is a codebook?. Retrieved from https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/content/shared/ICPSR/faqs/what-is-a-codebook.html", + "AnonCodebookND": "Anon. (n.d.). What is a codebook?. Retrieved from https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/sites/icpsr/posts/shared/what-is-a-codebook", "icpsr_codebook": "Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. (2025). What is a Codebook? https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/1983", "AnonDOIAPA2009_2020": "Anon. (n.d.). What is a digital object identifier, or DOI?. Retrieved from https://apastyle.apa.org/learn/faqs/what-is-doi", "AnonReportingGuidelineND": "Anon. (n.d.). What is a reporting guideline?. Retrieved from https://www.equator-network.org/about-us/what-is-a-reporting-guideline/", - "AnonImpact2021": "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/", + "AnonImpact2021": "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/", "AnonOpenEducationND": "Anon. (n.d.). What is open education?. Retrieved from https://opensource.com/resources/what-open-education", "AnonPlagiarismND": "Anon. (n.d.). What is plagiarism?. Retrieved from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/category/preventing-plagiarism/", "AnonDataAvailabilityND": "Anon. (n.d.). Data availability statements. Retrieved from https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors/research-data-policy/data-availability-statements", @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ "BenjaminiBraun2002": "Benjamini, Y., & Braun, H. (2002). John W. Tukey’s contributions to multiple comparisons. The Annals of Statistics, 30(6), 1576–1594. https://doi.org/10.1214/aos/1043351247", "BenoitEtAl2016": "Benoit, K., Conway, D., Lauderdale, B. E., Laver, M., & Mikhaylov, S. (2016). Crowd-sourced text analysis: Reproducible and agile production of political data. American Political Science Review, 110(2), 278–295. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055416000058", "BhopalEtAl1997": "Bhopal, R., Rankin, J., McColl, E., Thomas, L., Kaner, E., Stacy, R., Pearson, P., Vernon, B., & Rodgers, H. (1997). The vexed question of authorship: views of researchers in a British medical faculty. BMJ, 314, 1009–1012. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.314.7086.1009", - "LexicoBias": "BIAS | Definition of BIAS by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of BIAS. (n.d.). Lexico Dictionaries | English. https://www.lexico.com/definition/bias", + "LexicoBias": "BIAS | Definition of BIAS by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of BIAS. (n.d.). Lexico Dictionaries | English. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/bias_1", "BIDSModalityND": "BIDS. (n.d.). Modality agnostic files. Retrieved from https://bids-specification.readthedocs.io/en/stable/03-modality-agnostic-files.html", "BIDSAbout2020": "BIDS. (2020). About BIDS. Retrieved from https://bids.neuroimaging.io", "BikEtAl2016": "Bik, E. M., Casadevall, A., & Fang, F. C. (2016). The prevalence of inappropriate image duplication in biomedical research publications. MBio, 7(3), e00809-16.", @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ "Nature2006": "Correction or retraction? (2006). Nature, 444(7116), 123–124. https://doi.org/10.1038/444123b", "Corti2019": "Corti, L., Van den Eynden, V., Bishop, L., & Woollard, M. (2019). Managing and sharing research data: a guide to good practice. Sage.", "Cowan2020": "Cowan, N., Belletier, C., Doherty, J. M., Jaroslawska, A. J., Rhodes, S., Forsberg, A., & Logie, R. H. (2020). How do scientific views change? Notes from an extended adversarial collaboration. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(4), 1011–1025. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620906415", - "CRediT": "CRediT - Contributor Roles Taxonomy. (n.d.). Casrai. https://casrai.org/credit/", + "CRediT": "CRediT - Contributor Roles Taxonomy. (n.d.). Casrai. https://credit.niso.org/", "Crenshaw1989": "Crenshaw, K. W. (1989). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(8), 139–168.", "Cronbach1955": "Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52(4), 281–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040957", "Cronin2001": "Cronin, B. (2001). Hyperauthorship: A postmodern perversion or evidence of a structural shift in scholarly communication practices? Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 52(7), 558–569. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.1097", @@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ "Ottmann2011": "Ottmann, G., Laragy, C., Allen, J., & Feldman, P. (2011). Coproduction in practice: Participatory action research to develop a model of community aged care. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 24, 413–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-011-9192-x", "Oxford_Dictionaries2017": "Bias—definition of bias in English. (2017). https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/bias", "Oxford_Reference2017": "Reflexivity. (2017). http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199599868.001.0001/acref-9780199599868-e-1530", - "CoProductionCollective": "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/what-is-co-production/our-approach", + "CoProductionCollective": "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/championing-co-production/what-does-co-production-mean-to-us", "Padilla1994": "Padilla, A. M. (1994). Research news and comment: Ethnic minority scholars; research, and mentoring: Current and future issues. Educational Researcher, 23(4), 24–27. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X023004024", "Page2021": "Page, M. J., Moher, D., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., & McKenzie, J. E. (2021). PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. British Medical Journal, 372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n160", "Patience2019": "Patience, G. S., Galli, F., Patience, P. A., & Boffito, D. C. (2019). Intellectual contributions meriting authorship: Survey results from the top cited authors across all science categories. PLoS One, 14(1), e0198117. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198117", @@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ "Rakow2014": "Rakow, T., Thompson, V., Ball, L., & Markovits, H. (2014). Rationale and guidelines for empirical adversarial collaboration: A Thinking & Reasoning initiative. Thinking & Reasoning, 21(2), 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2015.975405", "Ramagopalan2014": "Ramagopalan, S. V., Skingsley, A. P., Handunnetthi, L., Klingel, M., Magnus, D., Pakpoor, J., & Goldacre, B. (2014). Prevalence of primary outcome changes in clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: A cross-sectional study. F1000Research, 3, 77. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.3784.1", "RecommendedDataRepositories": "Scientific Data. (n.d.). Recommended Data Repositories. Scientific Data. https://www.nature.com/sdata/policies/repositories", - "ReplicationMarkets": "Replication Markets. (n.d.). Replication Markets – Reliable research replicates…you can bet on it. Replication Markets. https://www.replicationmarkets.com/", + "ReplicationMarkets": "Replication Markets. (n.d.). Replication Markets – Reliable research replicates…you can bet on it. Replication Markets. https://replicationmarkets.org/", "RepliCATS_project2020": "project, R. (2020). Collaborative Assessment for Trustworthy Science. The University of Melbourne. https://replicats.research.unimelb.edu.au/", "ReproducibiliTea_n_d": "ReproducibiliTea. (n.d.). https://reproducibilitea.org/", "Research_Data_Alliance2020": "Alliance, R. D. (2020). Data management plan (DMP) common standard. https://github.com/RDA-DMP-Common/RDA-DMP-Common-Standard", @@ -677,11 +677,11 @@ "Wasserstein2016": "Wasserstein, R. L., & Lazar, N. A. (2016). The ASA Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose. The American Statistician, 70, 129–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2016.1154108", "Webster2020": "Webster, M. M., & Rutz, C. (2020). How STRANGE are your study animals? Nature, 582, 337–340. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01751-5", "Wendl2007": "Wendl, M. C. (2007). H-index: however ranked, citations need context. Nature, 449(7161), 403–403. https://doi.org/10.1038/449403b", - "ICPSR2021": "ICPSR. (n.d.). What is a Codebook? Retrieved 9 July 2021. https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/content/shared/ICPSR/faqs/what-is-a-codebook.html", + "ICPSR2021": "ICPSR. (n.d.). What is a Codebook? Retrieved 9 July 2021. https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/sites/icpsr/posts/shared/what-is-a-codebook", "EQUATOR2021": "Network, T. E. (n.d.). What is a reporting guideline? Retrieved 10 July 2021. https://www.equator-network.org/about-us/what-is-a-reporting-guideline/", "CrowdsourcingWeek2021": "Week, C. (2021). What is Crowdsourcing? https://crowdsourcingweek.com/what-is-crowdsourcing/", - "EUDatasharing2021": "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://eudatasharing.eu/what-data-sharing", - "ESRC2021": "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/", + "EUDatasharing2021": "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/en/support-centre-data-sharing/pages/about", + "ESRC2021": "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/", "OpenDataHandbook2021": "Handbook, O. D. (n.d.). What is Open Data? Retrieved 9 July 2021. https://opendatahandbook.org/guide/en/what-is-open-data/", "OpensourceCom2021": "Opensource.Com. (n.d.). What is open education? Retrieved 9 July 2021. https://opensource.com/resources/what-open-education", "Whitaker2020": "Whitaker, K., & Guest, O. (2020). #bropenscience is broken science. The Psychologist, 33, 34–37.", diff --git "a/content/glossary/arabic/digital_object_identifier_\331\205\330\271\330\261_\331\201_\330\247\331\204\331\203\330\247\330\246\331\206_\330\247\331\204\330\261_\331\202\331\205\331\212.md" "b/content/glossary/arabic/digital_object_identifier_\331\205\330\271\330\261_\331\201_\330\247\331\204\331\203\330\247\330\246\331\206_\330\247\331\204\330\261_\331\202\331\205\331\212.md" index 930b451b220..6901cb309c7 100644 --- "a/content/glossary/arabic/digital_object_identifier_\331\205\330\271\330\261_\331\201_\330\247\331\204\331\203\330\247\330\246\331\206_\330\247\331\204\330\261_\331\202\331\205\331\212.md" +++ "b/content/glossary/arabic/digital_object_identifier_\331\205\330\271\330\261_\331\201_\330\247\331\204\331\203\330\247\330\246\331\206_\330\247\331\204\330\261_\331\202\331\205\331\212.md" @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "digital object identifier معرّف الكائن الرَّقمي [DOI (digital object identifier)]", "sort_key": "digital object identifier معرّف الكائن الرَّقمي [doi (digital object identifier)]", - "definition": "معرفات الكائنات الرَّقميَّة هي سلاسل أبجديَّة رقميَّة يمكن تخصيصها لأي كيان بما في ذلك: المنشورات (ومنها المطبوعات الأوليَّة)، والمواد، ومجموعات البيانات، والأفلام. ولا يقتصر استخدام المعرّفات الرَّقميَّة على المواد الأكاديميَّة فقط. إنَّ معرفات الكائنات الرَّقميَّة توفِّر نظامًا لتحديد دائم، وقابل للتَّنفيذ، وتبادل قابل للتَّشغيل البيني للمعلومات المدارة على الشَّبكات الرَّقميَّة (https://www.doi.org/doi-handbook/HTML/index.html). هناك العديد من وكالات لتسجيل معرّفات الكائنات الرَّقميَّة وإدارتها، ولكن من المرجَّح أنْ يواجه أغلب الباحثين اثنتين هما: Crossref و Datacite. :**المصطلحات ذات الصِّلة** arXiv and BibTex; Crossref, Datacite, ISBN, ISO, الأوركيد; Permalink.", + "definition": "معرفات الكائنات الرَّقميَّة هي سلاسل أبجديَّة رقميَّة يمكن تخصيصها لأي كيان بما في ذلك: المنشورات (ومنها المطبوعات الأوليَّة)، والمواد، ومجموعات البيانات، والأفلام. ولا يقتصر استخدام المعرّفات الرَّقميَّة على المواد الأكاديميَّة فقط. إنَّ معرفات الكائنات الرَّقميَّة توفِّر نظامًا لتحديد دائم، وقابل للتَّنفيذ، وتبادل قابل للتَّشغيل البيني للمعلومات المدارة على الشَّبكات الرَّقميَّة ([https://www.doi.org/doi-handbook/HTML/index.html](https://www.doi.org/doi-handbook/HTML/index.html)). هناك العديد من وكالات لتسجيل معرّفات الكائنات الرَّقميَّة وإدارتها، ولكن من المرجَّح أنْ يواجه أغلب الباحثين اثنتين هما: Crossref و Datacite. :**المصطلحات ذات الصِّلة** arXiv and BibTex; Crossref, Datacite, ISBN, ISO, الأوركيد; Permalink.", "related_terms": [ "arXiv and BibTex", "Crossref, Datacite, ISBN, ISO, ORCID", diff --git "a/content/glossary/arabic/\330\243\330\263\331\210\330\247\331\202_\330\247\331\204\330\252_\331\203\330\261\330\247\330\261.md" "b/content/glossary/arabic/\330\243\330\263\331\210\330\247\331\202_\330\247\331\204\330\252_\331\203\330\261\330\247\330\261.md" index 9155d387ec5..6bbc1ce5db5 100644 --- "a/content/glossary/arabic/\330\243\330\263\331\210\330\247\331\202_\330\247\331\204\330\252_\331\203\330\261\330\247\330\261.md" +++ "b/content/glossary/arabic/\330\243\330\263\331\210\330\247\331\202_\330\247\331\204\330\252_\331\203\330\261\330\247\330\261.md" @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ "Liu, Y., Gordon, M., Wang, J., Bishop, M., Chen, Y., Pfeiffer, T., Twardy, C., & Viganola, D. (2020). Replication Markets: Results, Lessons, Challenges and Opportunities in AI Replication. ArXiv:2005.04543 . http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.04543", "Tierney, W., Hardy III, J. H., Ebersole, C. R., Leavitt, K., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., & others. (2020). Creative destruction in science. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 161, 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.07.002", "Tierney, W., Hardy III, J., Ebersole, C. R., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., Gordon, M., & others. (2021). A creative destruction approach to replication: Implicit work and sex morality across cultures. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 93, 104060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104060", - "Replication Markets. (n.d.). Replication Markets – Reliable research replicates…you can bet on it. Replication Markets. https://www.replicationmarkets.com/" + "Replication Markets. (n.d.). Replication Markets – Reliable research replicates…you can bet on it. Replication Markets. https://replicationmarkets.org/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie" diff --git "a/content/glossary/arabic/\330\247\331\204\330\243\330\253\330\261_\330\247\331\204\330\247\331\202\330\252\330\265\330\247\330\257\331\212_\331\210\330\247\331\204\330\247\330\254\330\252\331\205\330\247\330\271\331\212.md" "b/content/glossary/arabic/\330\247\331\204\330\243\330\253\330\261_\330\247\331\204\330\247\331\202\330\252\330\265\330\247\330\257\331\212_\331\210\330\247\331\204\330\247\330\254\330\252\331\205\330\247\330\271\331\212.md" index 182f0345bf8..08e9546ef0b 100644 --- "a/content/glossary/arabic/\330\247\331\204\330\243\330\253\330\261_\330\247\331\204\330\247\331\202\330\252\330\265\330\247\330\257\331\212_\331\210\330\247\331\204\330\247\330\254\330\252\331\205\330\247\330\271\331\212.md" +++ "b/content/glossary/arabic/\330\247\331\204\330\243\330\253\330\261_\330\247\331\204\330\247\331\202\330\252\330\265\330\247\330\257\331\212_\331\210\330\247\331\204\330\247\330\254\330\252\331\205\330\247\330\271\331\212.md" @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ "Academic Impact" ], "references": [ - "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/" + "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Adam Parker" diff --git "a/content/glossary/arabic/\330\247\331\204\330\245\331\206\330\252\330\247\330\254_\330\247\331\204\331\205\330\264\330\252\330\261\331\203.md" "b/content/glossary/arabic/\330\247\331\204\330\245\331\206\330\252\330\247\330\254_\330\247\331\204\331\205\330\264\330\252\330\261\331\203.md" index 4215e9e3b86..2bd8f4c8b82 100644 --- "a/content/glossary/arabic/\330\247\331\204\330\245\331\206\330\252\330\247\330\254_\330\247\331\204\331\205\330\264\330\252\330\261\331\203.md" +++ "b/content/glossary/arabic/\330\247\331\204\330\245\331\206\330\252\330\247\330\254_\330\247\331\204\331\205\330\264\330\252\330\261\331\203.md" @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ "Filipe, A., Renedo, A., & Marston, C. (2017). The co-production of what? Knowledge, values, and social relations in health care. PLoS Biology, 15(5), e2001403. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001403", "Graham, I. D., McCutcheon, C., & Kothari, A. (2019). Exploring the frontiers of research co-production: the Integrated Knowledge Translation Research Network concept papers. Health Research Policy and Systems, 17, 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-019-0501-7", "NIHR Guidance on Co-Producing a Research Project. (2021). https://www.learningforinvolvement.org.uk/?opportunity=nihr-guidance-on-co-producing-a-research-project", - "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/what-is-co-production/our-approach" + "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/championing-co-production/what-does-co-production-mean-to-us" ], "drafted_by": [ "Emma Norris" diff --git "a/content/glossary/arabic/\330\247\331\204\330\252_\330\243\330\253\331\212\330\261_\330\247\331\204\330\243\331\203\330\247\330\257\331\212\331\205\331\212_.md" "b/content/glossary/arabic/\330\247\331\204\330\252_\330\243\330\253\331\212\330\261_\330\247\331\204\330\243\331\203\330\247\330\257\331\212\331\205\331\212_.md" index 190ad35a152..20cef41d22e 100644 --- "a/content/glossary/arabic/\330\247\331\204\330\252_\330\243\330\253\331\212\330\261_\330\247\331\204\330\243\331\203\330\247\330\257\331\212\331\205\331\212_.md" +++ "b/content/glossary/arabic/\330\247\331\204\330\252_\330\243\330\253\331\212\330\261_\330\247\331\204\330\243\331\203\330\247\330\257\331\212\331\205\331\212_.md" @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "التَّأثير الأكاديميّ [Academic Impact]", "sort_key": "التَّأثير الأكاديميّ [academic impact]", - "definition": "يشير هذا المصطلح إلى الإسهام الذي يحدثه النَّتاج البحثي، مثل: مقالة منشورة في التحوُّل المفاهيمي، وتطوير النَّظريات، والأساليب، والتَّطبيقات العمليَّة، سواء داخل التَّخصص المعرفي الواحد، أو عبر التَّخصُّصات المعرفيَّة المختلفة. ويدلُّ التَّأثير الأكاديمي كذلك على درجة التَّغيير الذي يحدثه أي نتاج، أو برنامج بحثي خارج المجال الأكاديمي، مثل التَّأثير الاجتماعي والاقتصادي. (راجع: [https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/](https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/)). **المصطلحات ذات الصّلة:** المستفيدين، **إعلان سان فرانسيسكو بشأن تقييم البحوث** ; REF", + "definition": "يشير هذا المصطلح إلى الإسهام الذي يحدثه النَّتاج البحثي، مثل: مقالة منشورة في التحوُّل المفاهيمي، وتطوير النَّظريات، والأساليب، والتَّطبيقات العمليَّة، سواء داخل التَّخصص المعرفي الواحد، أو عبر التَّخصُّصات المعرفيَّة المختلفة. ويدلُّ التَّأثير الأكاديمي كذلك على درجة التَّغيير الذي يحدثه أي نتاج، أو برنامج بحثي خارج المجال الأكاديمي، مثل التَّأثير الاجتماعي والاقتصادي. (راجع: [https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/](https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/)). **المصطلحات ذات الصّلة:** المستفيدين، **إعلان سان فرانسيسكو بشأن تقييم البحوث** ; REF", "related_terms": [ "Beneficiaries", "DORA", @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ "REF" ], "references": [ - "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/" + "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Connor Keating" diff --git "a/content/glossary/arabic/\331\205\330\261\330\247\330\263\331\205_\330\247\331\204\330\250\330\255\330\253.md" "b/content/glossary/arabic/\331\205\330\261\330\247\330\263\331\205_\330\247\331\204\330\250\330\255\330\253.md" index 44aa52de969..c6e1bd2d27a 100644 --- "a/content/glossary/arabic/\331\205\330\261\330\247\330\263\331\205_\330\247\331\204\330\250\330\255\330\253.md" +++ "b/content/glossary/arabic/\331\205\330\261\330\247\330\263\331\205_\330\247\331\204\330\250\330\255\330\253.md" @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "مراسم البحث [Research Protocol]", "sort_key": "مراسم البحث [research protocol]", - "definition": "وثيقة مفصَّلة يتم إعدادها قبل إجراء الدِّراسة، وغالبًا ما تتم كتابتها كجزء من التَّقديم على الأخلاقيَّات وطلبات التَّمويل البحثي. يجب أن تتضمَّن المراسم معلومات تتعلق بخلفية الدِّراسة، ومبرِّراتها، وأهدافها، بالإضافة إلى الفرضيَّات التي تعكس توقُّعات الباحثين. ويجب أن تقدِّم المراسم أيضًا \"وصفة\" لإجراء الدِّراسة، بما في ذلك التَّفاصيل المنهجيَّة، وخطط واضحة للتَّحليل، ويجب استخدام أدلة أفضل الممارسات لإنشاء مراسم الدِّراسة لمنهجيَّات، ومجالات محدَّدة. ومن الممكن مشاركة مراسم البحث علنًا لجذب متعاونين جدد أو تسهيل التَّعاون الفعّال عبر المختبرات (مثل https://www.protocols.io/). وفي المجالات الطبيَّة والتَّعليميَّة، غالبًا ما تكون المراسم نوعًا منفصلًا من المقالات المناسبة للنَّشر في المجلّات. ويمكن للباحثين اختيار التَّسجيل المسبق عندما لا تكون مشاركة المراسم، أو النَّشر ممارسة شائعة. **المصطلحات ذات الصِّلة**: المعامل المتعدِّدة ، التَّسجيل المسبق.", + "definition": "وثيقة مفصَّلة يتم إعدادها قبل إجراء الدِّراسة، وغالبًا ما تتم كتابتها كجزء من التَّقديم على الأخلاقيَّات وطلبات التَّمويل البحثي. يجب أن تتضمَّن المراسم معلومات تتعلق بخلفية الدِّراسة، ومبرِّراتها، وأهدافها، بالإضافة إلى الفرضيَّات التي تعكس توقُّعات الباحثين. ويجب أن تقدِّم المراسم أيضًا \"وصفة\" لإجراء الدِّراسة، بما في ذلك التَّفاصيل المنهجيَّة، وخطط واضحة للتَّحليل، ويجب استخدام أدلة أفضل الممارسات لإنشاء مراسم الدِّراسة لمنهجيَّات، ومجالات محدَّدة. ومن الممكن مشاركة مراسم البحث علنًا لجذب متعاونين جدد أو تسهيل التَّعاون الفعّال عبر المختبرات (مثل [https://www.protocols.io/](https://www.protocols.io/)). وفي المجالات الطبيَّة والتَّعليميَّة، غالبًا ما تكون المراسم نوعًا منفصلًا من المقالات المناسبة للنَّشر في المجلّات. ويمكن للباحثين اختيار التَّسجيل المسبق عندما لا تكون مشاركة المراسم، أو النَّشر ممارسة شائعة. **المصطلحات ذات الصِّلة**: المعامل المتعدِّدة ، التَّسجيل المسبق.", "related_terms": [ "Many Labs", "Preregistration" diff --git "a/content/glossary/arabic/\331\205\330\264\330\247\330\261\331\203\330\251_\330\247\331\204\330\250\331\212\330\247\331\206\330\247\330\252.md" "b/content/glossary/arabic/\331\205\330\264\330\247\330\261\331\203\330\251_\330\247\331\204\330\250\331\212\330\247\331\206\330\247\330\252.md" index f2b278638f3..13f1efa3638 100644 --- "a/content/glossary/arabic/\331\205\330\264\330\247\330\261\331\203\330\251_\330\247\331\204\330\250\331\212\330\247\331\206\330\247\330\252.md" +++ "b/content/glossary/arabic/\331\205\330\264\330\247\330\261\331\203\330\251_\330\247\331\204\330\250\331\212\330\247\331\206\330\247\330\252.md" @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ "references": [ "Abele-Brehm, A. E., Gollwitzer, M., Steinberg, U., & Schönbrodt, F. D. (2019). Attitudes toward open science and public data sharing. Social Psychology, 50, 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000384", "Gollwitzer, M., Abele-Brehm, A., Fiebach, C., Ramthun, R., Scheel, A. M., Schönbrodt, F. D., & Steinberg, U. (2020). Data Management and Data Sharing in Psychological Science: Revision of the DGPs Recommendations.", - "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://eudatasharing.eu/what-data-sharing" + "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/en/support-centre-data-sharing/pages/about" ], "drafted_by": [ "Mahmoud Elsherif" diff --git a/content/glossary/english/_index.md b/content/glossary/english/_index.md index a75827afe4e..311655b330a 100644 --- a/content/glossary/english/_index.md +++ b/content/glossary/english/_index.md @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ There are two outputs for this project. First, the entire glossary will appear o 5. Contributions and Authorship -In this project we will use the CREDIT taxonomy ([https://casrai.org/credit/](https://casrai.org/credit/)) in this prepared [contributors spreadsheet](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1zvgAHWfTq6cbj3wMAr46zFU0w5JdV6796sM8FsO13y0). Please add your details (including ORCID) and contributions as you make them. This will facilitate the development of this project, allow us to easily communicate with all contributors, and ensure that all contributions are recognized. +In this project we will use the CREDIT taxonomy ([https://credit.niso.org/](https://credit.niso.org/)) in this prepared [contributors spreadsheet](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1zvgAHWfTq6cbj3wMAr46zFU0w5JdV6796sM8FsO13y0). Please add your details (including ORCID) and contributions as you make them. This will facilitate the development of this project, allow us to easily communicate with all contributors, and ensure that all contributions are recognized. Every few days, one of the team will review this document to finalize definitions that have had sufficient input. @@ -160,11 +160,11 @@ We invite several specific contributions: _original draft preparation_, and _rev **Term: CRediT** -**Definition:** The Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT; https://casrai.org/credit/) is a high-level taxonomy, including 14 roles, that can be used to indicate the roles typically adopted by contributors to scientific scholarly output. The roles describe each contributor’s specific contribution to the scholarly output. They can be assigned multiple times to different authors and one author can also be assigned multiple roles. CRediT includes the following roles: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal Analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. A description of the different roles can be found in the work of Brand et al., (2015). +**Definition:** The Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT; https://credit.niso.org/) is a high-level taxonomy, including 14 roles, that can be used to indicate the roles typically adopted by contributors to scientific scholarly output. The roles describe each contributor’s specific contribution to the scholarly output. They can be assigned multiple times to different authors and one author can also be assigned multiple roles. CRediT includes the following roles: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal Analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. A description of the different roles can be found in the work of Brand et al., (2015). **Related terms:** Authorship **Alternative definition:** (if applicable) **Related terms to alternative definition:** (if applicable) -**Reference(s):** Brand et al. (2015); Holcombe (2019); https://casrai.org/credit/ +**Reference(s):** Brand et al. (2015); Holcombe (2019); https://credit.niso.org/ **Drafted by:** Sam Parsons **Reviewed (or Edited) by:** Myriam A. Baum; Matt Jaquiery; Connor Keating; Yuki Yamada diff --git a/content/glossary/english/academic_impact.md b/content/glossary/english/academic_impact.md index ad0c2b1294a..993bc4ea28a 100644 --- a/content/glossary/english/academic_impact.md +++ b/content/glossary/english/academic_impact.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Academic Impact", "sort_key": "academic impact", - "definition": "The contribution that a research output (e.g., published manuscript) makes in shifting understanding and advancing scientific theory, method, and application, across and within disciplines. Impact can also refer to the degree to which an output or research programme influences change outside of academia, e.g. societal and economic impact (cf. ESRC: https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/).", + "definition": "The contribution that a research output (e.g., published manuscript) makes in shifting understanding and advancing scientific theory, method, and application, across and within disciplines. Impact can also refer to the degree to which an output or research programme influences change outside of academia, e.g. societal and economic impact (cf. ESRC: https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/).", "related_terms": [ "Beneficiaries", "DORA", @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ "REF" ], "references": [ - "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/" + "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Connor Keating" diff --git a/content/glossary/english/co_production.md b/content/glossary/english/co_production.md index 4dfa0384ffd..fb3e32afa31 100644 --- a/content/glossary/english/co_production.md +++ b/content/glossary/english/co_production.md @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ "Filipe, A., Renedo, A., & Marston, C. (2017). The co-production of what? Knowledge, values, and social relations in health care. PLoS Biology, 15(5), e2001403. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001403", "Graham, I. D., McCutcheon, C., & Kothari, A. (2019). Exploring the frontiers of research co-production: the Integrated Knowledge Translation Research Network concept papers. Health Research Policy and Systems, 17, 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-019-0501-7", "NIHR Guidance on Co-Producing a Research Project. (2021). https://www.learningforinvolvement.org.uk/?opportunity=nihr-guidance-on-co-producing-a-research-project", - "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/what-is-co-production/our-approach" + "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/championing-co-production/what-does-co-production-mean-to-us" ], "drafted_by": [ "Emma Norris" diff --git a/content/glossary/english/data_sharing.md b/content/glossary/english/data_sharing.md index 5db67f5cee6..1f29eae5abb 100644 --- a/content/glossary/english/data_sharing.md +++ b/content/glossary/english/data_sharing.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ "references": [ "Abele-Brehm, A. E., Gollwitzer, M., Steinberg, U., & Schönbrodt, F. D. (2019). Attitudes toward open science and public data sharing. Social Psychology, 50, 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000384", "Gollwitzer, M., Abele-Brehm, A., Fiebach, C., Ramthun, R., Scheel, A. M., Schönbrodt, F. D., & Steinberg, U. (2020). Data Management and Data Sharing in Psychological Science: Revision of the DGPs Recommendations.", - "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://eudatasharing.eu/what-data-sharing" + "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/en/support-centre-data-sharing/pages/about" ], "drafted_by": [ "Mahmoud Elsherif" diff --git a/content/glossary/english/economic_and_societal_impact.md b/content/glossary/english/economic_and_societal_impact.md index d2050512bcb..3e37cf7ff10 100644 --- a/content/glossary/english/economic_and_societal_impact.md +++ b/content/glossary/english/economic_and_societal_impact.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ "Academic Impact" ], "references": [ - "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/" + "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Adam Parker" diff --git a/content/glossary/english/replication_markets.md b/content/glossary/english/replication_markets.md index 09935e10515..fb872e44f2e 100644 --- a/content/glossary/english/replication_markets.md +++ b/content/glossary/english/replication_markets.md @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ "Liu, Y., Gordon, M., Wang, J., Bishop, M., Chen, Y., Pfeiffer, T., Twardy, C., & Viganola, D. (2020). Replication Markets: Results, Lessons, Challenges and Opportunities in AI Replication. ArXiv:2005.04543 . http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.04543", "Tierney, W., Hardy III, J. H., Ebersole, C. R., Leavitt, K., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., & others. (2020). Creative destruction in science. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 161, 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.07.002", "Tierney, W., Hardy III, J., Ebersole, C. R., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., Gordon, M., & others. (2021). A creative destruction approach to replication: Implicit work and sex morality across cultures. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 93, 104060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104060", - "Replication Markets. (n.d.). Replication Markets – Reliable research replicates…you can bet on it. Replication Markets. https://www.replicationmarkets.com/" + "Replication Markets. (n.d.). Replication Markets – Reliable research replicates…you can bet on it. Replication Markets. https://replicationmarkets.org/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie" diff --git a/content/glossary/german/akademischer_einfluss.md b/content/glossary/german/akademischer_einfluss.md index 08a4397b06a..682f0494566 100644 --- a/content/glossary/german/akademischer_einfluss.md +++ b/content/glossary/german/akademischer_einfluss.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Akademischer Einfluss [Academic Impact]", "sort_key": "akademischer einfluss [academic impact]", - "definition": "Den Einfluss, den ein Forschungsergebnis (z. B. ein publizierter Artikel) auf unser Verstehen von wissenschaftliche Theorien, Methoden und Anwendungen hat, und wie weit es dieses Verstehen vorantreibt, sowohl innerhalb von Disziplinen als auch disziplinübergreifend. Einfluss kann auch den Grad meinen, zu dem ein Forschungsergebnis oder ein Forschungsprogramm Veränderungen außerhalb der Wissenschaft beeinflusst, z. B. soziale oder wirtschaftliche Auswirkung (cf. ESRC: [https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/](https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/)).", + "definition": "Den Einfluss, den ein Forschungsergebnis (z. B. ein publizierter Artikel) auf unser Verstehen von wissenschaftliche Theorien, Methoden und Anwendungen hat, und wie weit es dieses Verstehen vorantreibt, sowohl innerhalb von Disziplinen als auch disziplinübergreifend. Einfluss kann auch den Grad meinen, zu dem ein Forschungsergebnis oder ein Forschungsprogramm Veränderungen außerhalb der Wissenschaft beeinflusst, z. B. soziale oder wirtschaftliche Auswirkung (cf. ESRC: [https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/](https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/)).", "related_terms": [ "Beneficiaries", "DORA", @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ "REF" ], "references": [ - "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/" + "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Connor Keating" diff --git a/content/glossary/german/data_sharing.md b/content/glossary/german/data_sharing.md index 5eb548ceca1..21f7cdebd23 100644 --- a/content/glossary/german/data_sharing.md +++ b/content/glossary/german/data_sharing.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ "references": [ "Abele-Brehm, A. E., Gollwitzer, M., Steinberg, U., & Schönbrodt, F. D. (2019). Attitudes toward open science and public data sharing. Social Psychology, 50, 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000384", "Gollwitzer, M., Abele-Brehm, A., Fiebach, C., Ramthun, R., Scheel, A. M., Schönbrodt, F. D., & Steinberg, U. (2020). Data Management and Data Sharing in Psychological Science: Revision of the DGPs Recommendations.", - "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://eudatasharing.eu/what-data-sharing" + "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/en/support-centre-data-sharing/pages/about" ], "drafted_by": [ "Mahmoud Elsherif" diff --git a/content/glossary/german/digital_object_identifier.md b/content/glossary/german/digital_object_identifier.md index cf2513a495e..09da0d1ea7f 100644 --- a/content/glossary/german/digital_object_identifier.md +++ b/content/glossary/german/digital_object_identifier.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "digital object identifier [DOI (digital object identifier)]", "sort_key": "digital object identifier [doi (digital object identifier)]", - "definition": "Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) sind alphanumerische Zeichenfolgen, die jeder beliebigen Einheit zugewiesen werden können, z. B. Veröffentlichungen (einschließlich Preprints), Materialien, Datensätze und Spielfilme \\- die Verwendung von DOIs ist nicht nur auf wissenschaftliches oder akademisches Material beschränkt. DOIs “provides a system for persistent and actionable identification and interoperable exchange of managed information on digital networks.” (dt. bieten ein System für die dauerhafte und umsetzbare Identifizierung und den interoperablen Austausch von verwalteten Informationen in digitalen Netzwerken; https://www.doi.org/doi-handbook/HTML/index.html). Es gibt viele verschiedene DOI-Registrierungsstellen, die DOIs betreiben, aber die beiden, auf die Forschende am ehesten stoßen, sind [Crossref](https://www.crossref.org/) und [Datacite](https://datacite.org/).", + "definition": "Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) sind alphanumerische Zeichenfolgen, die jeder beliebigen Einheit zugewiesen werden können, z. B. Veröffentlichungen (einschließlich Preprints), Materialien, Datensätze und Spielfilme \\- die Verwendung von DOIs ist nicht nur auf wissenschaftliches oder akademisches Material beschränkt. DOIs “provides a system for persistent and actionable identification and interoperable exchange of managed information on digital networks.” (dt. bieten ein System für die dauerhafte und umsetzbare Identifizierung und den interoperablen Austausch von verwalteten Informationen in digitalen Netzwerken; [https://www.doi.org/doi-handbook/HTML/index.html](https://www.doi.org/doi-handbook/HTML/index.html)). Es gibt viele verschiedene DOI-Registrierungsstellen, die DOIs betreiben, aber die beiden, auf die Forschende am ehesten stoßen, sind [Crossref](https://www.crossref.org/) und [Datacite](https://datacite.org/).", "related_terms": [ "arXiv and BibTex", "Crossref, Datacite, ISBN, ISO, ORCID", diff --git a/content/glossary/german/economic_and_societal_impact.md b/content/glossary/german/economic_and_societal_impact.md index a13c1068b92..82b2ddd31a7 100644 --- a/content/glossary/german/economic_and_societal_impact.md +++ b/content/glossary/german/economic_and_societal_impact.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ "Academic Impact" ], "references": [ - "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/" + "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Adam Parker" diff --git a/content/glossary/german/forschungsprotokoll.md b/content/glossary/german/forschungsprotokoll.md index 4b8c862fd2e..569a1c792ca 100644 --- a/content/glossary/german/forschungsprotokoll.md +++ b/content/glossary/german/forschungsprotokoll.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Forschungsprotokoll [Research Protocol]", "sort_key": "forschungsprotokoll [research protocol]", - "definition": "Ein detailliertes Dokument, das vor der Durchführung einer Studie erstellt wird und häufig Teil von Ethik- und Drittmittelanträgen ist. Das Protokoll sollte Informationen über den Hintergrund, die Begründung und die Ziele der Studie sowie Hypothesen enthalten, die die Erwartungen der Forschenden widerspiegeln. Das Protokoll sollte auch ein \"Rezept\" für die Durchführung der Studie enthalten, einschließlich methodischer Details und klarer Analysepläne. Für bestimmte Methoden und Bereiche sollten Best-Practice-Leitlinien für die Erstellung eines Studienprotokolls verwendet werden. Es ist möglich, Forschungsprotokolle öffentlich zugänglich zu machen, um neue Kooperationspartner:innen zu gewinnen oder die effiziente Zusammenarbeit zwischen Gruppen zu erleichtern (z. B. https://www.protocols.io/). In der Medizin und im Bildungsbereich sind Protokolle oft ein eigener Artikeltyp, der sich für die Veröffentlichung in Fachzeitschriften eignet. Wo die gemeinsame Nutzung oder Veröffentlichung von Protokollen nicht üblich ist, können sich Forschende für eine Präregistrierung entscheiden.", + "definition": "Ein detailliertes Dokument, das vor der Durchführung einer Studie erstellt wird und häufig Teil von Ethik- und Drittmittelanträgen ist. Das Protokoll sollte Informationen über den Hintergrund, die Begründung und die Ziele der Studie sowie Hypothesen enthalten, die die Erwartungen der Forschenden widerspiegeln. Das Protokoll sollte auch ein \"Rezept\" für die Durchführung der Studie enthalten, einschließlich methodischer Details und klarer Analysepläne. Für bestimmte Methoden und Bereiche sollten Best-Practice-Leitlinien für die Erstellung eines Studienprotokolls verwendet werden. Es ist möglich, Forschungsprotokolle öffentlich zugänglich zu machen, um neue Kooperationspartner:innen zu gewinnen oder die effiziente Zusammenarbeit zwischen Gruppen zu erleichtern (z. B. [https://www.protocols.io/](https://www.protocols.io/)). In der Medizin und im Bildungsbereich sind Protokolle oft ein eigener Artikeltyp, der sich für die Veröffentlichung in Fachzeitschriften eignet. Wo die gemeinsame Nutzung oder Veröffentlichung von Protokollen nicht üblich ist, können sich Forschende für eine Präregistrierung entscheiden.", "related_terms": [ "Many Labs", "Preregistration" diff --git a/content/glossary/german/ko_produktion.md b/content/glossary/german/ko_produktion.md index 748bc46fe1f..170a9afd662 100644 --- a/content/glossary/german/ko_produktion.md +++ b/content/glossary/german/ko_produktion.md @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ "Filipe, A., Renedo, A., & Marston, C. (2017). The co-production of what? Knowledge, values, and social relations in health care. PLoS Biology, 15(5), e2001403. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001403", "Graham, I. D., McCutcheon, C., & Kothari, A. (2019). Exploring the frontiers of research co-production: the Integrated Knowledge Translation Research Network concept papers. Health Research Policy and Systems, 17, 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-019-0501-7", "NIHR Guidance on Co-Producing a Research Project. (2021). https://www.learningforinvolvement.org.uk/?opportunity=nihr-guidance-on-co-producing-a-research-project", - "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/what-is-co-production/our-approach" + "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/championing-co-production/what-does-co-production-mean-to-us" ], "drafted_by": [ "Emma Norris" diff --git a/content/glossary/german/oer.md b/content/glossary/german/oer.md index e672f0e219d..e6e1279664b 100644 --- a/content/glossary/german/oer.md +++ b/content/glossary/german/oer.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "OER [Open Educational Resources (OER) Commons]", "sort_key": "oer [open educational resources (oer) commons]", - "definition": "OER Commons (OER steht für Open Educational Resources, aus dem Engl. offene Bildungsressourcen) ist eine frei zugängliche Online-Bibliothek, die es Lehrkräften ermöglicht, Bildungsressourcen zu erstellen, zu teilen und neu zu kombinieren. Das Ziel der OER-Bewegung ist es, kollaboratives Lehren und Lernen (https://www.oercommons.org/about) zu fördern und qualitativ hochwertige Bildungsressourcen bereitzustellen, die für jeden zugänglich sind.", + "definition": "OER Commons (OER steht für Open Educational Resources, aus dem Engl. offene Bildungsressourcen) ist eine frei zugängliche Online-Bibliothek, die es Lehrkräften ermöglicht, Bildungsressourcen zu erstellen, zu teilen und neu zu kombinieren. Das Ziel der OER-Bewegung ist es, kollaboratives Lehren und Lernen ([https://www.oercommons.org/about](https://www.oercommons.org/about)) zu fördern und qualitativ hochwertige Bildungsressourcen bereitzustellen, die für jeden zugänglich sind.", "related_terms": [ "Equity", "FORRT", diff --git "a/content/glossary/german/replikationsm\303\244rkte.md" "b/content/glossary/german/replikationsm\303\244rkte.md" index 809364f46e5..18c0e9e81e9 100644 --- "a/content/glossary/german/replikationsm\303\244rkte.md" +++ "b/content/glossary/german/replikationsm\303\244rkte.md" @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ "Liu, Y., Gordon, M., Wang, J., Bishop, M., Chen, Y., Pfeiffer, T., Twardy, C., & Viganola, D. (2020). Replication Markets: Results, Lessons, Challenges and Opportunities in AI Replication. ArXiv:2005.04543 . http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.04543", "Tierney, W., Hardy III, J. H., Ebersole, C. R., Leavitt, K., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., & others. (2020). Creative destruction in science. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 161, 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.07.002", "Tierney, W., Hardy III, J., Ebersole, C. R., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., Gordon, M., & others. (2021). A creative destruction approach to replication: Implicit work and sex morality across cultures. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 93, 104060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104060", - "Replication Markets. (n.d.). Replication Markets – Reliable research replicates…you can bet on it. Replication Markets. https://www.replicationmarkets.com/" + "Replication Markets. (n.d.). Replication Markets – Reliable research replicates…you can bet on it. Replication Markets. https://replicationmarkets.org/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie" diff --git a/content/glossary/german/sortee.md b/content/glossary/german/sortee.md index de914786639..92b76d324ff 100644 --- a/content/glossary/german/sortee.md +++ b/content/glossary/german/sortee.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "SORTEE [Society for Open, Reliable, and Transparent Ecology and Evolutionary biology (SORTEE)]", "sort_key": "sortee [society for open, reliable, and transparent ecology and evolutionary biology (sortee)]", - "definition": "SORTEE (https://www.sortee.org/) ist eine internationale Gesellschaft mit dem Ziel, die Transparenz und Zuverlässigkeit von Forschungsergebnissen in den Bereichen Ökologie, Evolution und verwandten Disziplinen durch kulturelle und institutionelle Veränderungen zu verbessern. SORTEE wurde im Dezember 2020 gegründet und richtet sich an alle, die an der Verbesserung der Forschung in diesen Disziplinen interessiert sind, unabhängig von ihrer Erfahrung. Die Gesellschaft ist in Bezug auf Umfang, Mitgliedschaft und Ziele international. SORTEE umfasst über 600 Mitglieder (Stand Mai, 2021).", + "definition": "SORTEE ([https://www.sortee.org/](https://www.sortee.org/)) ist eine internationale Gesellschaft mit dem Ziel, die Transparenz und Zuverlässigkeit von Forschungsergebnissen in den Bereichen Ökologie, Evolution und verwandten Disziplinen durch kulturelle und institutionelle Veränderungen zu verbessern. SORTEE wurde im Dezember 2020 gegründet und richtet sich an alle, die an der Verbesserung der Forschung in diesen Disziplinen interessiert sind, unabhängig von ihrer Erfahrung. Die Gesellschaft ist in Bezug auf Umfang, Mitgliedschaft und Ziele international. SORTEE umfasst über 600 Mitglieder (Stand Mai, 2021).", "related_terms": [ "Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science (SIPS)" ], diff --git a/content/glossary/references/index.md b/content/glossary/references/index.md index 587b4c00ccd..fbb55370996 100644 --- a/content/glossary/references/index.md +++ b/content/glossary/references/index.md @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ We are currently working on a better way to display and cross-link the reference
Bhopal, R., Rankin, J., McColl, E., Thomas, L., Kaner, E., Stacy, R., Pearson, P., Vernon, B., & Rodgers, H. (1997). The vexed question of authorship: Views of researchers in a British medical faculty. BMJ, 314(7086), 1009–1009. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.314.7086.1009
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BIAS | Definition of BIAS by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of BIAS. (n.d.). Lexico Dictionaries | English. Retrieved 9 July 2021, from https://www.lexico.com/definition/bias
+
BIAS | Definition of BIAS by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of BIAS. (n.d.). Lexico Dictionaries | English. Retrieved 9 July 2021, from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/bias_1
BIDS. (2020a). About BIDS. Brain Imaging Data Structure. https://bids.neuroimaging.io/
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ We are currently working on a better way to display and cross-link the reference
Cowan, N., Belletier, C., Doherty, J. M., Jaroslawska, A. J., Rhodes, S., Forsberg, A., Naveh-Benjamin, M., Barrouillet, P., Camos, V., & Logie, R. H. (2020). How Do Scientific Views Change? Notes From an Extended Adversarial Collaboration. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(4), 1011–1025. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620906415
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CRediT - Contributor Roles Taxonomy. (n.d.). Casrai. Retrieved 9 July 2021, from https://casrai.org/credit/
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CRediT - Contributor Roles Taxonomy. (n.d.). Casrai. Retrieved 9 July 2021, from https://credit.niso.org/
Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(1), 8. https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol1989/iss1/8
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Data Management Expert Guide—CESSDA TRAINING. (n.d.). CESSDA. Retrieved 10 July 2021, from https://www.cessda.eu/Training/Training-Resources/Library/Data-Management-Expert-Guide
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Data management plans | Stanford Libraries. (n.d.). Stanford Libraries. Retrieved 9 July 2021, from https://library.stanford.edu/research/data-management-services/data-management-plans
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Data management plans | Stanford Libraries. (n.d.). Stanford Libraries. Retrieved 9 July 2021, from https://guides.library.stanford.edu/dmps
Data protection. (n.d.). [Text]. European Commission - European Commission. Retrieved 9 July 2021, from https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-topic/data-protection_en
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ We are currently working on a better way to display and cross-link the reference
Gentleman, R. (2005). Reproducible Research: A Bioinformatics Case Study. Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1544-6115.1034
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Get Involved—Creative Commons. (n.d.). Creative Commons. Retrieved 9 July 2021, from https://creativecommons.org/about/get-involved/
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Get Involved—Creative Commons. (n.d.). Creative Commons. Retrieved 9 July 2021, from https://creativecommons.org/mission/get-involved/
Geyer, C., J. (2003). Maximum Likelihood in R (pp. 1–9) [Preprint]. Open Science Framework.
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ We are currently working on a better way to display and cross-link the reference
Ottmann, G., Laragy, C., Allen, J., & Feldman, P. (2011). Coproduction in Practice: Participatory Action Research to Develop a Model of Community Aged Care. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 24(5), 413–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-011-9192-x
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Our Approach | Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Co-Production Collective. Retrieved 9 July 2021, from https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/what-is-co-production/our-approach
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Our Approach | Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Co-Production Collective. Retrieved 9 July 2021, from https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/championing-co-production/what-does-co-production-mean-to-us
Padilla, A. M. (1994). Research news and Comment: Ethnic Minority Scholars; Research, and Mentoring: Current and Future Issues. Educational Researcher, 23(4), 24–27. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X023004024
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Replication Markets – Reliable research replicates…you can bet on it. (n.d.). Retrieved 10 July 2021, from https://www.replicationmarkets.com/
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Replication Markets – Reliable research replicates…you can bet on it. (n.d.). Retrieved 10 July 2021, from https://replicationmarkets.org/
ReproducibiliTea. (n.d.). ReproducibiliTea. Retrieved 10 July 2021, from https://reproducibilitea.org/
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Wendl, M. C. (2007). H-index: However ranked, citations need context. Nature, 449(7161), 403–403. https://doi.org/10.1038/449403b
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+
What is impact? - Economic and Social Research Council. (n.d.). Economic and Social Research Council. Retrieved 8 July 2021, from https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/
What is Open Data? (n.d.). Open Data Handbook. Retrieved 9 July 2021, from https://opendatahandbook.org/guide/en/what-is-open-data/
diff --git a/content/glossary/turkish/akademik_etki.md b/content/glossary/turkish/akademik_etki.md index 57f2c672994..4a72ec79cba 100644 --- a/content/glossary/turkish/akademik_etki.md +++ b/content/glossary/turkish/akademik_etki.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Akademik Etki [Academic Impact]", "sort_key": "akademik etki [academic impact]", - "definition": "Bir araştırma çıktısının (örneğin, yayımlanmış bir makale), disiplinler arasında ve disiplin içinde, bilimsel teori, yöntem ve uygulamanın anlaşılmasını değiştirme ve geliştirme konusundaki katkısıdır. Etki, ayrıca bir çıktı veya araştırma programının akademi dışındaki toplumsal ve ekonomik etki gibi değişimi ne ölçüde etkilediğini de ifade edebilir.(krş. ESRC: https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/).", + "definition": "Bir araştırma çıktısının (örneğin, yayımlanmış bir makale), disiplinler arasında ve disiplin içinde, bilimsel teori, yöntem ve uygulamanın anlaşılmasını değiştirme ve geliştirme konusundaki katkısıdır. Etki, ayrıca bir çıktı veya araştırma programının akademi dışındaki toplumsal ve ekonomik etki gibi değişimi ne ölçüde etkilediğini de ifade edebilir.(krş. ESRC: [https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/](https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/)).", "related_terms": [ "Beneficiaries", "DORA", @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ "REF" ], "references": [ - "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/" + "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Connor Keating" diff --git "a/content/glossary/turkish/ara\305\237t\304\261rma_protokol\303\274.md" "b/content/glossary/turkish/ara\305\237t\304\261rma_protokol\303\274.md" index adcafcdd808..acd64984bda 100644 --- "a/content/glossary/turkish/ara\305\237t\304\261rma_protokol\303\274.md" +++ "b/content/glossary/turkish/ara\305\237t\304\261rma_protokol\303\274.md" @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Araştırma Protokolü [Research Protocol]", "sort_key": "arasztizrma protokoluz [research protocol]", - "definition": "Araştırma protokolü, bir araştırma yürütülmeden önce hazırlanan ayrıntılı bir belgedir ve genellikle etik kurul ya da fon başvuruları kapsamında yazılır. Protokol, araştırmanın arka planına, gerekçesine ve amaçlarına dair bilgilerin yanı sıra, araştırmacıların beklentilerini yansıtan hipotezleri de içermelidir. Protokolde ayrıca, yöntemsel ayrıntıları ve açık bir analiz planını da içeren araştırmanın nasıl yürütüleceğine dair bir ‘tarif’ yer almalıdır. Protokol hazırlarken, kullanılan yönteme ve alana özgü en iyi uygulama kılavuzları esas alınmalıdır. Araştırma protokolleri, yeni iş birlikleri çekmek veya araştırma laboratuvarları arası etkili iş birliğini kolaylaştırmak amacıyla herkese açık biçimde paylaşılabilir (örn., https://www.protocols.io/). Tıp ve eğitim gibi alanlarda, protokoller genellikle dergilerde yayınlanabilir ayrı bir makale türü olarak kabul edilir. Protokol paylaşımının veya yayımlanmasının yaygın bir uygulama olmadığı durumlarda ise, araştırmacılar ön-kayıt seçeneğini tercih edebilir.", + "definition": "Araştırma protokolü, bir araştırma yürütülmeden önce hazırlanan ayrıntılı bir belgedir ve genellikle etik kurul ya da fon başvuruları kapsamında yazılır. Protokol, araştırmanın arka planına, gerekçesine ve amaçlarına dair bilgilerin yanı sıra, araştırmacıların beklentilerini yansıtan hipotezleri de içermelidir. Protokolde ayrıca, yöntemsel ayrıntıları ve açık bir analiz planını da içeren araştırmanın nasıl yürütüleceğine dair bir ‘tarif’ yer almalıdır. Protokol hazırlarken, kullanılan yönteme ve alana özgü en iyi uygulama kılavuzları esas alınmalıdır. Araştırma protokolleri, yeni iş birlikleri çekmek veya araştırma laboratuvarları arası etkili iş birliğini kolaylaştırmak amacıyla herkese açık biçimde paylaşılabilir (örn., [https://www.protocols.io/](https://www.protocols.io/)). Tıp ve eğitim gibi alanlarda, protokoller genellikle dergilerde yayınlanabilir ayrı bir makale türü olarak kabul edilir. Protokol paylaşımının veya yayımlanmasının yaygın bir uygulama olmadığı durumlarda ise, araştırmacılar ön-kayıt seçeneğini tercih edebilir.", "related_terms": [ "Many Labs", "Preregistration" diff --git "a/content/glossary/turkish/a\303\247\304\261k_e\304\237itim_kaynaklar\304\261_platformu.md" "b/content/glossary/turkish/a\303\247\304\261k_e\304\237itim_kaynaklar\304\261_platformu.md" index 7072e5374df..c3961873a77 100644 --- "a/content/glossary/turkish/a\303\247\304\261k_e\304\237itim_kaynaklar\304\261_platformu.md" +++ "b/content/glossary/turkish/a\303\247\304\261k_e\304\237itim_kaynaklar\304\261_platformu.md" @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Açık Eğitim Kaynakları Platformu [Open Educational Resources (OER) Commons]", "sort_key": "aczizk egzitim kaynaklariz platformu [open educational resources (oer) commons]", - "definition": "Açık Eğitim Kaynakları Platformu, öğretmenlerin eğitim kaynakları oluşturmasına, paylaşmasına ve yeniden düzenlemesine olanak tanıyan, serbestçe erişilebilen bir çevrim içi kütüphanedir. Açık Eğitim Kaynakları hareketinin amacı, \"iş birliğine dayalı öğretme ve öğrenme\"yi (https://www.oercommons.org/about) teşvik etmek ve herkesin erişebileceği yüksek kaliteli eğitim kaynakları sağlamaktır.", + "definition": "Açık Eğitim Kaynakları Platformu, öğretmenlerin eğitim kaynakları oluşturmasına, paylaşmasına ve yeniden düzenlemesine olanak tanıyan, serbestçe erişilebilen bir çevrim içi kütüphanedir. Açık Eğitim Kaynakları hareketinin amacı, \"iş birliğine dayalı öğretme ve öğrenme\"yi ([https://www.oercommons.org/about](https://www.oercommons.org/about)) teşvik etmek ve herkesin erişebileceği yüksek kaliteli eğitim kaynakları sağlamaktır.", "related_terms": [ "Equity", "FORRT", diff --git "a/content/glossary/turkish/a\303\247\304\261k_g\303\274venilir_ve_\305\237effaf_ekoloji_ve_evrimsel_biyoloji_derne\304\237i.md" "b/content/glossary/turkish/a\303\247\304\261k_g\303\274venilir_ve_\305\237effaf_ekoloji_ve_evrimsel_biyoloji_derne\304\237i.md" index 8284b19d384..17dd5f33642 100644 --- "a/content/glossary/turkish/a\303\247\304\261k_g\303\274venilir_ve_\305\237effaf_ekoloji_ve_evrimsel_biyoloji_derne\304\237i.md" +++ "b/content/glossary/turkish/a\303\247\304\261k_g\303\274venilir_ve_\305\237effaf_ekoloji_ve_evrimsel_biyoloji_derne\304\237i.md" @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Açık, Güvenilir ve Şeffaf Ekoloji ve Evrimsel Biyoloji Derneği [Society for Open, Reliable, and Transparent Ecology and Evolutionary biology (SORTEE)]", "sort_key": "aczizk, guzvenilir ve szeffaf ekoloji ve evrimsel biyoloji dernegzi [society for open, reliable, and transparent ecology and evolutionary biology (sortee)]", - "definition": "SORTEE (https://www.sortee.org/), ekoloji, evrim ve ilgili disiplinlerde kültürel ve kurumsal değişimler yoluyla araştırma sonuçlarının şeffaflığını ve güvenilirliğini artırmayı hedefleyen uluslararası bir dernektir. Aralık 2020’de, deneyim düzeyine bakılmaksızın, bu disiplinlerdeki araştırmaları iyileştirmekle ilgilenen herkesin katılımına açık şekilde kurulmuştur. Dernek, kapsamı, üyelik sistemi ve hedefleri bakımından uluslararası niteliktedir. Mayıs 2021 itibarıyla SORTEE’nin 600’den fazla üyesi bulunmaktadır.", + "definition": "SORTEE ([https://www.sortee.org/](https://www.sortee.org/)), ekoloji, evrim ve ilgili disiplinlerde kültürel ve kurumsal değişimler yoluyla araştırma sonuçlarının şeffaflığını ve güvenilirliğini artırmayı hedefleyen uluslararası bir dernektir. Aralık 2020’de, deneyim düzeyine bakılmaksızın, bu disiplinlerdeki araştırmaları iyileştirmekle ilgilenen herkesin katılımına açık şekilde kurulmuştur. Dernek, kapsamı, üyelik sistemi ve hedefleri bakımından uluslararası niteliktedir. Mayıs 2021 itibarıyla SORTEE’nin 600’den fazla üyesi bulunmaktadır.", "related_terms": [ "Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science (SIPS)" ], diff --git "a/content/glossary/turkish/a\303\247\304\261k_veri.md" "b/content/glossary/turkish/a\303\247\304\261k_veri.md" index 38ae9192b99..b0a615172c7 100644 --- "a/content/glossary/turkish/a\303\247\304\261k_veri.md" +++ "b/content/glossary/turkish/a\303\247\304\261k_veri.md" @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Açık Veri [Open Data]", "sort_key": "aczizk veri [open data]", - "definition": "Açık veri, başkaları tarafından kısıtlama olmaksızın serbestçe ve kolayca erişilebilir olan verileri ifade eder, \"Açık veri ve içerik herkes tarafından herhangi bir amaç için serbestçe kullanılabilir, değiştirilebilir ve paylaşılabilir\" ( https://opendefinition.org/). Açık veriler, atıf yapma ve paylaşma gereksinimine tabidir, bu nedenle uygun Açık Lisansları dikkate almak önemlidir. Hassas veya zamana duyarlı veri setleri, veri bütünlüğünün korunmasını sağlamak için ambargo altına alınabilir veya daha seçici erişim seçenekleriyle paylaşılabilir.", + "definition": "Açık veri, başkaları tarafından kısıtlama olmaksızın serbestçe ve kolayca erişilebilir olan verileri ifade eder, \"Açık veri ve içerik herkes tarafından herhangi bir amaç için serbestçe kullanılabilir, değiştirilebilir ve paylaşılabilir\" ( [https://opendefinition.org/](https://opendefinition.org/)). Açık veriler, atıf yapma ve paylaşma gereksinimine tabidir, bu nedenle uygun Açık Lisansları dikkate almak önemlidir. Hassas veya zamana duyarlı veri setleri, veri bütünlüğünün korunmasını sağlamak için ambargo altına alınabilir veya daha seçici erişim seçenekleriyle paylaşılabilir.", "related_terms": [ "Badges (Open Science)", "Data availability", diff --git a/content/glossary/turkish/ekonomik_ve_toplumsal_etki.md b/content/glossary/turkish/ekonomik_ve_toplumsal_etki.md index 26838cfffd4..2b98549aad3 100644 --- a/content/glossary/turkish/ekonomik_ve_toplumsal_etki.md +++ b/content/glossary/turkish/ekonomik_ve_toplumsal_etki.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ "Academic Impact" ], "references": [ - "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/" + "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/" ], "drafted_by": [ "Adam Parker" diff --git "a/content/glossary/turkish/ortak_\303\274retim.md" "b/content/glossary/turkish/ortak_\303\274retim.md" index 11fc24d20c6..389de1af23c 100644 --- "a/content/glossary/turkish/ortak_\303\274retim.md" +++ "b/content/glossary/turkish/ortak_\303\274retim.md" @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ "Filipe, A., Renedo, A., & Marston, C. (2017). The co-production of what? Knowledge, values, and social relations in health care. PLoS Biology, 15(5), e2001403. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001403", "Graham, I. D., McCutcheon, C., & Kothari, A. (2019). Exploring the frontiers of research co-production: the Integrated Knowledge Translation Research Network concept papers. Health Research Policy and Systems, 17, 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-019-0501-7", "NIHR Guidance on Co-Producing a Research Project. (2021). https://www.learningforinvolvement.org.uk/?opportunity=nihr-guidance-on-co-producing-a-research-project", - "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/what-is-co-production/our-approach" + "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/championing-co-production/what-does-co-production-mean-to-us" ], "drafted_by": [ "Emma Norris" diff --git "a/content/glossary/turkish/veri_payla\305\237\304\261m\304\261.md" "b/content/glossary/turkish/veri_payla\305\237\304\261m\304\261.md" index 4d24403839d..e39196a12ce 100644 --- "a/content/glossary/turkish/veri_payla\305\237\304\261m\304\261.md" +++ "b/content/glossary/turkish/veri_payla\305\237\304\261m\304\261.md" @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ "references": [ "Abele-Brehm, A. E., Gollwitzer, M., Steinberg, U., & Schönbrodt, F. D. (2019). Attitudes toward open science and public data sharing. Social Psychology, 50, 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000384", "Gollwitzer, M., Abele-Brehm, A., Fiebach, C., Ramthun, R., Scheel, A. M., Schönbrodt, F. D., & Steinberg, U. (2020). Data Management and Data Sharing in Psychological Science: Revision of the DGPs Recommendations.", - "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://eudatasharing.eu/what-data-sharing" + "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/en/support-centre-data-sharing/pages/about" ], "drafted_by": [ "Mahmoud Elsherif" diff --git "a/content/glossary/turkish/z_e\304\237risi.md" "b/content/glossary/turkish/z_e\304\237risi.md" index 55c8ef1ecfc..f80ff4bd215 100644 --- "a/content/glossary/turkish/z_e\304\237risi.md" +++ "b/content/glossary/turkish/z_e\304\237risi.md" @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Z-Eğrisi [Z-Curve]", "sort_key": "z-egzrisi [z-curve]", - "definition": "Z-skoru hesaplama, özellikle sunulan çalışmaların ‘Tahmini Tekrar Edilebilirlik Oranı’ (ERR; Estimated Replication Rate) ve ‘Beklenen Keşif Oranı’ (EDR; Expected Discovery Rate) değerlerini elde etmek için kullanılan istatistiksel bir yaklaşımdır. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunan çalışmalar için z-eğrisi hesaplama süreci, bildirilen p-değerlerinin z-skorlarına dönüştürülmesini, z-skorlarının dağılımına sonlu karışımlı model (finite mixture model) uygulanmasını ve bu karışımlı modele dayanarak ortalama gücün tahmin edilmesini içerir. Z-eğrisi analizi, R üzerinde özel bir paket aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilebilir (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zcurve/index.html).", + "definition": "Z-skoru hesaplama, özellikle sunulan çalışmaların ‘Tahmini Tekrar Edilebilirlik Oranı’ (ERR; Estimated Replication Rate) ve ‘Beklenen Keşif Oranı’ (EDR; Expected Discovery Rate) değerlerini elde etmek için kullanılan istatistiksel bir yaklaşımdır. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunan çalışmalar için z-eğrisi hesaplama süreci, bildirilen p-değerlerinin z-skorlarına dönüştürülmesini, z-skorlarının dağılımına sonlu karışımlı model (finite mixture model) uygulanmasını ve bu karışımlı modele dayanarak ortalama gücün tahmin edilmesini içerir. Z-eğrisi analizi, R üzerinde özel bir paket aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilebilir ([https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zcurve/index.html](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zcurve/index.html)).", "related_terms": [ "Altmetrics", "File drawer ratio", diff --git "a/content/glossary/turkish/\303\266n_kay\304\261t_taahh\303\274d\303\274.md" "b/content/glossary/turkish/\303\266n_kay\304\261t_taahh\303\274d\303\274.md" index b595c661cb4..f9a8a75438d 100644 --- "a/content/glossary/turkish/\303\266n_kay\304\261t_taahh\303\274d\303\274.md" +++ "b/content/glossary/turkish/\303\266n_kay\304\261t_taahh\303\274d\303\274.md" @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "type": "glossary", "title": "Ön-kayıt Taahhüdü [Preregistration Pledge]", "sort_key": "ozn-kayizt taahhuzduz [preregistration pledge]", - "definition": "‘Açık ve yeniden üretilebilir araştırma uygulamalarını destekleyen kolektif bir eylem’ kapsamında, araştırmacılardan önümüzdeki iki yıl içinde en az bir çalışmayı ön kayıt altına alacaklarına dair söz vermelerini isteyen ön-kayıt taahhüdü, Free Our Knowledge projesi ile başlatılmış bir girişimdir (https://freeourknowledge.org/about/). Proje, erken kariyer araştırmacıları (EKA) tarafından başlatılmış tabandan gelen bir harekettir.", + "definition": "‘Açık ve yeniden üretilebilir araştırma uygulamalarını destekleyen kolektif bir eylem’ kapsamında, araştırmacılardan önümüzdeki iki yıl içinde en az bir çalışmayı ön kayıt altına alacaklarına dair söz vermelerini isteyen ön-kayıt taahhüdü, Free Our Knowledge projesi ile başlatılmış bir girişimdir ([https://freeourknowledge.org/about/](https://freeourknowledge.org/about/)). Proje, erken kariyer araştırmacıları (EKA) tarafından başlatılmış tabandan gelen bir harekettir.", "related_terms": [ "Preregistration" ], diff --git a/content/replication-hub/large-scale-replication-projects/index.md b/content/replication-hub/large-scale-replication-projects/index.md index 69c8c4900a6..49f5b23bffb 100644 --- a/content/replication-hub/large-scale-replication-projects/index.md +++ b/content/replication-hub/large-scale-replication-projects/index.md @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ Here you can find a list of completed and ongoing projects that summarize replic Political Sciences - https://i4replication.org/discussion_paper.html + https://i4replication.org/discussion-papers/ No diff --git a/content/reversals/reversals.md b/content/reversals/reversals.md index 6572558909f..d665f219cd7 100644 --- a/content/reversals/reversals.md +++ b/content/reversals/reversals.md @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ The original project was organized in five stages: ## **How to contribute?** -This specific reversals project has concluded, and its work has been integrated into the broader [FORRT Replication Hub](https://forrt.org/replication-hub/). To contribute replication data, please submit new entries to the [FORRT Replication Database (FReD)](https://www.soscisurvey.de/replicate/) or contact Lukas Röseler at lukas.roeseler@uni-muenster.de for any questions. +This specific reversals project has concluded, and its work has been integrated into the broader [FORRT Replication Hub](https://forrt.org/replication-hub/). To contribute replication data, please submit new entries to the [FORRT Replication Database (FReD)](https://forrt.org/replication-hub/fred/) or contact Lukas Röseler at lukas.roeseler@uni-muenster.de for any questions. All **past or current project contributors** are listed at the [bottom of this page](#contributors). @@ -3065,8 +3065,8 @@ You can find a list of all effects we are working on [here](https://docs.google. {{< spoiler text="Statistics" >}} * Status: mixed (duelling meta-analyses, mix of successful and failed replications). * Original study: ‘[When choice is demotivating](https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2000-16701-012)’, Iyengar and Lepper, 2000; field experiment, 3 experiments, Study 1: n=502, Study 2: n=197, Study 3: 134. [citations = 2460(GS, April 2023)]. -* Critiques: [Chernev et al. 2010](https://academic.oup.com/jcr/article-abstract/37/3/426/1828761) [commentary, n=NA, citations=98 (GS, April 2023)]. [Chernev et al. 2015](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1057740814000916) [meta-analysis of 99 observations, N = 7202, citations=717 (GS, April 2023)]. [Scheibehenne 2008](https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/handle/18452/16392) [three replications in the field and in the lab with a total of n= 850 participants and six laboratory experiments with n=595, citations=50 (GS, April 2023)]. Greifeneder 2008 [unpublished manuscript (link not available), n=NA, citations=4 (GS, April 2023)]. [Scheibehenne et al. 2010 ](https://academic.oup.com/jcr/article-abstract/37/3/409/1827647)[meta-analysis of 63 conditions from 50 published and unpublished experiments, N = 5,036, citations=1241 (GS, April 2023)]. [Simonsohn et al. 2014](https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614553988) [n=NA, citations=681 (GS, April 2023)]. -* Original effect size: _d_=0.77 (study1) and _d_=0.29 (study2), and _d_=0.88 (study3) (as calculated from the χ2 values in the text with [this](https://www.campbellcollaboration.org/escalc/html/EffectSizeCalculator-SMD17.php) online calculator). +* Critiques: [Chernev et al. 2010](https://academic.oup.com/jcr/article-abstract/37/3/426/1828761) [commentary, n=NA, citations=98 (GS, April 2023)]. [Chernev et al. 2015](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1057740814000916) [meta-analysis of 99 observations, N = 7202, citations=717 (GS, April 2023)]. [Scheibehenne 2008](https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/handle/18452/16392) [three replications in the field and in the lab with a total of n= 850 participants and six laboratory experiments with n=595, citations=50 (GS, April 2023)]. Greifeneder 2008 [unpublished manuscript (link not available), n=NA, citations=4 (GS, April 2023)]. [Scheibehenne et al. 2010 ](https://academic.oup.com/jcr/article-abstract/37/3/409/1827647)[meta-analysis of 63 conditions from 50 published and unpublished experiments, N = 5,036, citations=1241 (GS, April 2023)]. [Simonsohn et al. 2014](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1745691614553988) [n=NA, citations=681 (GS, April 2023)]. +* Original effect size: _d_=0.77 (study1) and _d_=0.29 (study2), and _d_=0.88 (study3) (as calculated from the χ2 values in the text with [this](https://www.campbellcollaboration.org/calculator/) online calculator). * Replication effect sizes: Scheibehenne: failed to directly replicate Iyengar and Lepper (2000) jam study. Greifeneder: a lab experiment with chocolates and also failed to conceptually replicate. Scheibehenne et al. 2010: “We found a mean effect size of virtually zero” (_d_=.02). Chernev et al. 2010: That’s because many of the studies were designed to show instances when there is no effect. You need to split the data into “choice is good” vs. “choice is bad.” Simonsohn et al.: We agree with Chernev et al.: When we split it up, we found that the choice is bad studies (choice overload) lack collective evidential value (uniform _p_-curve). Chernev et al.: <ignoring Simonsohn et al. 2014> Choice overload is a reliable effect under certain conditions (moderators). {{< /spoiler >}} @@ -3540,9 +3540,9 @@ Critiques: [Gelman and Loken 2013](http://www.stat.columbia.edu/~gelman/research * **Orgasm gap** (Orgasm equality). There is a gendered orgasm gap, with men experiencing orgasm more frequently than women in heterosexual sexual encounters.​ {{< spoiler text="Statistics" >}} * Status: replicated. -* Original paper: ‘[The Incidental Orgasm: The Presence of Clitoral Knowledge and the Absence of Orgasm for Women](https://doi.org/10.1300/J013v42n01_07)’, Wade et al. 2005; correlational study, n=833 [citations=135(GS, May 2023)]​. -* Critiques:[ Garcia et al. 2014](https://academic.oup.com/jsm/article-abstract/11/11/2645/6958368) [n=2,850 single individuals, citations=134(GS, May 2023)]. ​[Mahar et al. 2020](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-020-00237-9) [systematic review, n=NA, citations=74(GS, May 2023)]. -* Original effect size: The orgasm gap was 52 percent: 39 percent of women, compared to 91 percent of men, usually or always experienced orgasm in partnered sex; _d_= -1.26 [-1.44, -1.07] (estimated from the data in Table 6 and using this[ conversion](https://www.campbellcollaboration.org/escalc/html/EffectSizeCalculator-SMD20.php)). +* Original paper: ‘[The Incidental Orgasm: The Presence of Clitoral Knowledge and the Absence of Orgasm for Women](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J013v42n01_07)’, Wade et al. 2005; correlational study, n=833 [citations=135(GS, May 2023)]​. +* Critiques:[ Garcia et al. 2014](https://academic.oup.com/jsm/article-abstract/11/11/2645/6958368) [n=2,850 single individuals, citations=134(GS, May 2023)]. ​[Mahar et al. 2020](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11930-020-00237-9) [systematic review, n=NA, citations=74(GS, May 2023)]. +* Original effect size: The orgasm gap was 52 percent: 39 percent of women, compared to 91 percent of men, usually or always experienced orgasm in partnered sex; _d_= -1.26 [-1.44, -1.07] (estimated from the data in Table 6 and using this[ conversion](https://www.campbellcollaboration.org/calculator/)). * Replication effect size: Garcia et al.: Compared with women, men reported a significantly higher mean occurrence rate of orgasm frequency, _η2_ = 0.12. Mahar et al.: ES not reported; six covered studies all showed that males report more frequent orgasm than females. {{< /spoiler >}} @@ -3746,7 +3746,7 @@ Critiques: [Gelman and Loken 2013](http://www.stat.columbia.edu/~gelman/research {{< spoiler text="Statistics" >}} * Status: Not replicated * Original paper: ‘[Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations](https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-05192-002).’, Graham et. al. 2009; Web-based survey (n=2,212), web-based survey (n=3,303), web-based survey (n=2,030), text analysis (n=88) [citation=4858(GS, March 2023)]​. -* Critiques: [Curry 2019](https://behavioralscientist.org/whats-wrong-with-moral-foundations-theory-and-how-to-get-moral-psychology-right/) [n=NA, citations=8(GS, May 2023)]. [Davis et al. 2019](https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/sites.gsu.edu/dist/b/2237/files/2015/09/The-moral-foundations-hypothesis-does-not-replicate-well-in-black-samples-2057b98.pdf) [n=1183, citations=80(GS, March 2023)]. [Harper and Rhodes 2021](http://v) [n=750, citations=31(GS, March 2023)]. Original effect size: Study 1 - 𝛽 = 0.16-0.34​. Average 𝛽 = 0.25; Study 2 - 𝛽 = 0.16-0.52; Study 3 - 𝛽 = 0.14 (for the difference in average willingness to violate Harm foundation between liberals and conservatives), 𝛽 = 0.58-0.91 (for the difference in average willingness to violate the three binding foundations between liberals and conservatives), 𝛽 = 0.36 (for the difference in aggregated moral sacredness ratings between individualising and binding foundations), 𝛽 = 0.18 (for the moderation of the above effect by politics), 𝛽 = 0.43 (for the difference in average willingness to violate the foundations between libertarians and conservatives), 𝛽 = 0.09 (for the difference in average willingness to violate the foundations between libertarians and liberals); Study 4 - 𝛽 = 0.56 (for Harm foundation), 𝛽 = 0.65 (for Fairness foundation), 𝛽 = 1.27 (for Ingroup foundation), 𝛽 = 0.81 (for Authority foundation), 𝛽 = 0.99 (for Purity foundation). +* Critiques: [Curry 2019](https://behavioralscientist.org/whats-wrong-with-moral-foundations-theory-and-how-to-get-moral-psychology-right/) [n=NA, citations=8(GS, May 2023)]. [Davis et al. 2019](https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/sites.gsu.edu/dist/b/2237/files/2015/09/The-moral-foundations-hypothesis-does-not-replicate-well-in-black-samples-2057b98.pdf) [n=1183, citations=80(GS, March 2023)]. Harper and Rhodes 2021 [n=750, citations=31(GS, March 2023)]. Original effect size: Study 1 - 𝛽 = 0.16-0.34​. Average 𝛽 = 0.25; Study 2 - 𝛽 = 0.16-0.52; Study 3 - 𝛽 = 0.14 (for the difference in average willingness to violate Harm foundation between liberals and conservatives), 𝛽 = 0.58-0.91 (for the difference in average willingness to violate the three binding foundations between liberals and conservatives), 𝛽 = 0.36 (for the difference in aggregated moral sacredness ratings between individualising and binding foundations), 𝛽 = 0.18 (for the moderation of the above effect by politics), 𝛽 = 0.43 (for the difference in average willingness to violate the foundations between libertarians and conservatives), 𝛽 = 0.09 (for the difference in average willingness to violate the foundations between libertarians and liberals); Study 4 - 𝛽 = 0.56 (for Harm foundation), 𝛽 = 0.65 (for Fairness foundation), 𝛽 = 1.27 (for Ingroup foundation), 𝛽 = 0.81 (for Authority foundation), 𝛽 = 0.99 (for Purity foundation). * Replication effect size: Curry: (1) an ad hoc approach that cherry-picks moral values, (2) failure to include four types of cooperation relevant to morality, and (3) a lack of clear definitions and operationalizations, as well as a flawed questionnaire that measures preferences rather than values and confounds moral relevance with agreement. Americans, and the researchers suggested incorporating more dimensions of oppression and resistance. Davis et al.: White participants: 𝛽 = 0.47, Black participants: 𝛽 = 0.19; Researchers examined the applicability of MFT to Black Americans and found that it did not replicate well in Black samples, suggesting a bias toward White American morality. The six foundations of MFT did not capture the moral concerns of Black. Harper and Rhodes: 𝛽 = 0.14-0.50. They found that only three meaningful clusters emerged in their analysis: traditionalism, compassion, and liberty. They suggested that the MFQ may not be a valid measure of MFT and that the theory may need to be revised, fail to replicate (low effect size). {{< /spoiler >}} diff --git a/content/syllabus/syllabus.md b/content/syllabus/syllabus.md index cdaf05728e0..fc5e1cff40c 100644 --- a/content/syllabus/syllabus.md +++ b/content/syllabus/syllabus.md @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ To further facilitate the creation, the updating, improvement, and maintenance o * [Replicability syllabus](https://osf.io/staze/) * [Fall 2018 Replicability syllabus](https://osf.io/yj36v/) * [Course Syllabi for Open and Reproducible Methods by Simine Vazire (Winter 2015)](https://osf.io/rah35/) -* [Course on Open Science and Research Data Management (Slides/Recordings by Elli Papadopoulou)](https://www.openaire.eu/item/chist-era-course-on-open-science-and-research-data-management) +* [Course on Open Science and Research Data Management (Slides/Recordings by Elli Papadopoulou)](https://www.openaire.eu/component/zoo/item/chist-era-course-on-open-science-and-research-data-management) * [Rigorous & Reproducible Research Practices](https://osf.io/8bxau/) * [Open and reproducible science](https://osf.io/swcv2/) * [Social Sciences Research Methods Centre Replication Workshop](https://osf.io/t2q78/) diff --git a/data/publications.yaml b/data/publications.yaml index 01fef7f5b51..5175f2e7a00 100644 --- a/data/publications.yaml +++ b/data/publications.yaml @@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ journal_name: "UNESCO" authors: "FORRT" abstract: "The Letter to UNESCO’s Principles of Open Science Monitoring." - citation: "FORRT (2023). Letter to UNESCO’s Principles of Open Science Monitoring. UNESCO. https://www.unesco.org/education/letter-to-unescos-principles-of-open-science-monitoring" + citation: "FORRT (2023). Letter to UNESCO’s Principles of Open Science Monitoring. UNESCO." links: pdf: "Letter_to_UNESCO’s_Principles_of_Open_Science_Monitoring.pdf" focus_area: "Community, Governance & Sustainability" @@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ journal_name: "QAA / UKRN" authors: "Azevedo, F., DeBruine, L. & Evans, T. R." abstract: "FORRT was asked by the UK's Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA) to produce a short briefing note in collaboration with the UK Reproducibility Network (UKRN)." - citation: "Azevedo, F., DeBruine, L. & Evans, T. R. (2023). Open scholarship in QAA briefing. QAA/UKRN. https://www.qaa.ac.uk/forrt-open-scholarship-in-qaa-briefing" + citation: "Azevedo, F., DeBruine, L. & Evans, T. R. (2023). Open scholarship in QAA briefing. QAA/UKRN." links: pdf: "2023_QAA _ FORRT_UKRN.pdf" focus_area: "Community, Governance & Sustainability" diff --git a/layouts/shortcodes/social-media.html b/layouts/shortcodes/social-media.html index 7a5b97ea7cf..0137e96b557 100644 --- a/layouts/shortcodes/social-media.html +++ b/layouts/shortcodes/social-media.html @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Join channel -