Publishing Packages on PyPI with Rye and GitHub Actions

This space documents my learning around how to develop python packages using Rye and automate publishing on PyPI using GitHub Actions.

Getting Started

Lets start by creating a new repository using gh command line tool

gh repo create geotest --private --add-readme -d "A test repository for learning how to automate python package development using GitHub Actions"

Clone repo and initialise a Rye project

gh repo clone geovicco-dev/geotest && cd geotest && rye init . && rye pin 3.10 && rye sync

Create first commit

git add . && git commit -m "initial commit" && git push -u origin main

Edit pyproject.toml to specify the configuration settings used during publishing to PyPI

# pyproject.toml
[project]
name = "geotest"
version = "0.0.1"
description = "This is a test package for automated package deployment using github actions"
authors = [
{ name = "geovicco-dev", email = "geovicco.dev@gmail.com" }
]
dependencies = []
readme = "README.md"
requires-python = ">= 3.8"

[build-system]
requires = ["hatchling"]
build-backend = "hatchling.build"

[tool.rye]
managed = true
dev-dependencies = []

[tool.hatch.metadata]
allow-direct-references = true

[tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
packages = ["src/geotest"]

Development

Lets install the Typer package for creating a command line app.

rye add typer

After installation, the dependencies section inside pyproject.toml will be updated.

Next, create a __main__.py inside src/geotest

touch src/geotest/__main__.py

Edit __main__.py as below:

# src/geotest/__main__.py
import geotest
import sys
sys.exit(geotest.main())

The entire logic of the CLI application will be written inside __init__.py file

# src/geotest/__init__.py
import typer
from datetime import date

app = typer.Typer()

@app.command()
def hello(name: str = typer.Option(default="World", help="Name to greet")) -> str:
	typer.echo(f"Hello {name}!")

def ask_age() -> int:
	return typer.prompt("How old are you?")

@app.command()
def year_born(age: int = typer.Argument(ask_age)):
	typer.echo(f"You were born in {date.today().year - age}")

def main():
	app()

In order for the app commands to be executable from the command line, we need to edit pyproject.toml and specify the function call to the project script.

[project.scripts]
"geotest" = "geotest:main"

Sync project using rye sync and try executing the two available commands from the command line using geotest hello --name user | geotest year-born

Once this is all good and working, we need to commit our changes

git commit -a -m "added project.scripts in pyproject.toml and updated cli app with new commands"
git push -u origin main

Lets finish our development phase by generating docs using the typer utils command

typer geotest utils docs --output README.md --name geotest

Finally, commit the changes

git commit -a -m "updated README" && git push -u origin main

Publishing on PyPI

Once we have a working CLI application, it is ready for the world! We will do this by publishing our package on PyPI which is where all python packages must be registered in order to be pip installable.

Create GitHub Actions Workflow

Create a .github/workflows directory in your repository

mkdir -p .github/workflows && touch .github/workflows/publish.yaml

Edit publish.yaml

At the time of working on this, there was an issue with rye publish command and it was fixed by adding the Patch Rye section in the workflows.

# .github/workflows/publish.yaml

name: Publish to PyPI

on:
  release:
    types: [published]

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Set up Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
        with:
          python-version: "3.x"
      - name: Setup Rye
        uses: eifinger/setup-rye@v3
      - name: Patch Rye
        run: |
          echo "Patching Rye with Twine 5.1.1"
          $RYE_HOME/self/bin/pip install twine==5.1.1
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: rye pin 3.10 && rye sync
      - name: Build package
        run: rye build --clean
      - name: Publish to PyPI
        env:
          PYPI_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.PYPI_USERNAME }}
          PYPI_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.PYPI_PASSWORD }}
        run: |
          echo $PYPI_PASSWORD
          rye publish --username $PYPI_USERNAME --token $PYPI_PASSWORD --yes --verbose

After creating and editing .github/workflows/publish.yaml, we need to commit and push these changes to our repository so that GitHub can use this workflow when we create a release.

# Stage the new workflow file
git add .github/workflows/publish.yaml

# Commit the changes
git commit -m "Add GitHub Actions workflow for PyPI publishing"

# Push the changes to the main branch
git push origin main

Configure GitHub Actions

Change the GitHub Actions settings in your repository to allow read and write operations:

• Go to your repository on GitHub.
• Click on Settings > Actions > General > Workflow permissions.
• Change the settings to allow read and write operations.

Create an API Token on PyPI

• Visit pypi.org and log in or create an account.
• Navigate to Account Settings > API Tokens.
• Create a new API token. Select Entire account as the scope. Copy the token.

Add GitHub Repository Secrets

Add your PyPI credentials as secrets in your GitHub repository:

• Go to your repository on GitHub.
• Click on Settings > Secrets > New repository secret.
• Add PYPI_USERNAME as a secret. Use __token__ as the value.
• Add PYPI_PASSWORD as a secret. Use the API token created above as the password.

Create New Release

We have written some code that works and is already up-to-date on the main branch of the remote repository. Next thing we want is to create a release that triggers the GitHub Workflow as defined on the publish.yaml above.

Lets create a release using gh release command

gh release create v0.0.1 --generate-notes

Changing Versions and Pushing Changes to PyPI

Assume that you have introduced new features to the CLI application and would like to automatically update the newest release of the package on PyPI. This is where gh release and rye version bump commands will be used.

Lets increase our model version from 0.0.1 to 0.0.2 - representing a patch upgrade NOTE: Versions are always represented in {Major}.{Minor}.{Patch} format.

rye version --bump patch

Alternatively, if you know what version to set you can just use rye version {version}

Create a new release with the updated version

gh release create v0.0.2 --generate-notes

Deleting a release

Delete an existing tag from local repository

git tag -d v0.0.2

Delete an existing tag from remote

git push --delete origin v0.0.2

Delete an existing release from remote

gh release delete v0.0.2

Resources

• Rye Building and Publishing Guide
• Typer Building a Package Guide
• PyPI Python Packaging User Guide
• Publishing Packages on PyPI Automated Deployment - Video Lecture by Qiusheng Wu