diff --git a/rust/lance-index/src/scalar/expression.rs b/rust/lance-index/src/scalar/expression.rs
index 910963a5997..2e867bc9de8 100644
--- a/rust/lance-index/src/scalar/expression.rs
+++ b/rust/lance-index/src/scalar/expression.rs
@@ -712,10 +712,15 @@ impl IndexedExpression {
     fn maybe_not(self) -> Option<Self> {
         match (self.scalar_query, self.refine_expr) {
             (Some(_), Some(_)) => None,
-            (Some(scalar_query), None) => Some(Self {
-                scalar_query: Some(ScalarIndexExpr::Not(Box::new(scalar_query))),
-                refine_expr: None,
-            }),
+            (Some(scalar_query), None) => {
+                if scalar_query.needs_recheck() {
+                    return None;
+                }
+                Some(Self {
+                    scalar_query: Some(ScalarIndexExpr::Not(Box::new(scalar_query))),
+                    refine_expr: None,
+                })
+            }
             (None, Some(refine_expr)) => Some(Self {
                 scalar_query: None,
                 refine_expr: Some(Expr::Not(Box::new(refine_expr))),
diff --git a/rust/lance/src/io/exec/filtered_read.rs b/rust/lance/src/io/exec/filtered_read.rs
index fc18e33d1df..e1dd87195a4 100644
--- a/rust/lance/src/io/exec/filtered_read.rs
+++ b/rust/lance/src/io/exec/filtered_read.rs
@@ -1845,7 +1845,9 @@ mod tests {
         compute::concat_batches,
         datatypes::{Float32Type, UInt32Type, UInt64Type},
     };
-    use arrow_array::{cast::AsArray, Array, UInt32Array};
+    use arrow_array::{
+        cast::AsArray, Array, ArrayRef, Int32Array, RecordBatch, RecordBatchIterator, UInt32Array,
+    };
     use itertools::Itertools;
     use lance_core::datatypes::OnMissing;
     use lance_core::utils::tempfile::TempStrDir;
@@ -2042,12 +2044,66 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    async fn dataset_with_bloom_filter_nulls() -> (TempStrDir, Arc<Dataset>) {
+        let tmp_path = TempStrDir::default();
+        let schema = Arc::new(arrow_schema::Schema::new(vec![arrow_schema::Field::new(
+            "value",
+            arrow_schema::DataType::Int32,
+            true,
+        )]));
+        let values: ArrayRef = Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![
+            Some(1),
+            None,
+            Some(2),
+            None,
+            Some(3),
+        ]));
+        let batch = RecordBatch::try_new(schema.clone(), vec![values]).unwrap();
+        let reader = RecordBatchIterator::new(vec![Ok(batch)].into_iter(), schema.clone());
+        let mut dataset = Dataset::write(reader, tmp_path.as_str(), None)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        dataset
+            .create_index(
+                &["value"],
+                IndexType::BloomFilter,
+                None,
+                &ScalarIndexParams::default(),
+                false,
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        (tmp_path, Arc::new(dataset))
+    }
+
     fn u32s(ranges: Vec<Range<u32>>) -> Arc<dyn Array> {
         Arc::new(UInt32Array::from_iter_values(
             ranges.into_iter().flat_map(|r| r.into_iter()),
         ))
     }
 
+    #[test_log::test(tokio::test)]
+    async fn test_bloom_filter_is_not_null_prefilter() {
+        let (_tmp_path, dataset) = dataset_with_bloom_filter_nulls().await;
+        let arrow_schema = Arc::new(arrow_schema::Schema::from(dataset.schema()));
+        let planner = Planner::new(arrow_schema);
+        let expr = planner.parse_filter("value IS NOT NULL").unwrap();
+        let index_info = dataset.scalar_index_info().await.unwrap();
+        let filter_plan = planner.create_filter_plan(expr, &index_info, true).unwrap();
+        assert!(
+            filter_plan.index_query.is_none(),
+            "bloom filter IS NOT NULL should not use an index query"
+        );
+
+        let options = FilteredReadOptions::basic_full_read(&dataset).with_filter_plan(filter_plan);
+        let plan = FilteredReadExec::try_new(dataset.clone(), options, None).unwrap();
+        let stream = plan.execute(0, Arc::new(TaskContext::default())).unwrap();
+        let batches = stream.try_collect::<Vec<_>>().await.unwrap();
+        let row_count: usize = batches.iter().map(|batch| batch.num_rows()).sum();
+
+        assert_eq!(row_count, 3);
+    }
+
     #[test_log::test(tokio::test)]
     async fn test_range_no_scalar_index() {
         let fixture = TestFixture::new().await;