From b4c46058450525eccaf29f94cc92a4767136c57e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AndreaBozzo <andreabozzo92@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Jan 2026 14:13:04 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] fix: handle missing indices gracefully in rewrite operation

---
 rust/lance/src/dataset/transaction.rs | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/rust/lance/src/dataset/transaction.rs b/rust/lance/src/dataset/transaction.rs
index 090ef465727..7c2509e51fd 100644
--- a/rust/lance/src/dataset/transaction.rs
+++ b/rust/lance/src/dataset/transaction.rs
@@ -2523,18 +2523,13 @@ impl Transaction {
                 return Err(Error::invalid_input(format!("An invalid compaction plan must have been generated because multiple tasks modified the same index: {}", rewritten_index.old_id), location!()));
             }
 
-            let index = indices
+            // Skip indices that no longer exist (may have been removed by concurrent operation)
+            let Some(index) = indices
                 .iter_mut()
                 .find(|idx| idx.uuid == rewritten_index.old_id)
-                .ok_or_else(|| {
-                    Error::invalid_input(
-                        format!(
-                            "Invalid compaction plan refers to index {} which does not exist",
-                            rewritten_index.old_id
-                        ),
-                        location!(),
-                    )
-                })?;
+            else {
+                continue;
+            };
 
             index.fragment_bitmap = Some(Self::recalculate_fragment_bitmap(
                 index.fragment_bitmap.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
@@ -4337,4 +4332,28 @@ mod tests {
         // Verify idx_e removed (bad field)
         assert!(!indices.iter().any(|idx| idx.name == "idx_e"));
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_handle_rewrite_indices_skips_missing_index() {
+        use uuid::Uuid;
+
+        // Create an empty indices list
+        let mut indices = vec![];
+
+        // Create rewritten_indices referring to a non-existent index
+        let rewritten_indices = vec![RewrittenIndex {
+            old_id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+            new_id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+            new_index_details: prost_types::Any {
+                type_url: String::new(),
+                value: vec![],
+            },
+            new_index_version: 1,
+        }];
+
+        // Should succeed (skip missing index) instead of error
+        let result = Transaction::handle_rewrite_indices(&mut indices, &rewritten_indices, &[]);
+        assert!(result.is_ok());
+        assert!(indices.is_empty());
+    }
 }