diff --git a/docs/asynchronous-outbound-messaging-roadmap.md b/docs/asynchronous-outbound-messaging-roadmap.md
index 1e8e1644..8bd95f6c 100644
--- a/docs/asynchronous-outbound-messaging-roadmap.md
+++ b/docs/asynchronous-outbound-messaging-roadmap.md
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ design documents.
   [Design §3.2][design-write-loop].
 - [x] **Fairness counter** to yield to the low-priority queue after bursts of
   high-priority frames ([Design §3.2.1][design-fairness]).
-- [ ] **Run state consolidation** using `Option` receivers and a closed source
+- [x] **Run state consolidation** using `Option` receivers and a closed source
   counter ([Design §3.4][design-actor-state]).
 - [X] **Internal protocol hooks** `before_send` and `on_command_end` invoked
   from the actor ([Design §4.3][design-hooks]).
diff --git a/src/connection.rs b/src/connection.rs
index 53b145fe..20fd423a 100644
--- a/src/connection.rs
+++ b/src/connection.rs
@@ -41,8 +41,21 @@ impl Default for FairnessConfig {
 }
 
 /// Actor driving outbound frame delivery for a connection.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
+/// use wireframe::{connection::ConnectionActor, push::PushQueues};
+///
+/// let (queues, _handle) = PushQueues::<u8>::bounded(8, 8);
+/// let shutdown = CancellationToken::new();
+/// let mut actor: ConnectionActor<_, ()> = ConnectionActor::new(queues, None, shutdown);
+/// # drop(actor);
+/// ```
 pub struct ConnectionActor<F, E> {
-    queues: PushQueues<F>,
+    high_rx: Option<mpsc::Receiver<F>>,
+    low_rx: Option<mpsc::Receiver<F>>,
     response: Option<FrameStream<F, E>>, // current streaming response
     shutdown: CancellationToken,
     hooks: ProtocolHooks<F>,
@@ -56,6 +69,18 @@ where
     F: FrameLike,
 {
     /// Create a new `ConnectionActor` from the provided components.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
+    /// use wireframe::{connection::ConnectionActor, push::PushQueues};
+    ///
+    /// let (queues, _handle) = PushQueues::<u8>::bounded(4, 4);
+    /// let token = CancellationToken::new();
+    /// let mut actor: ConnectionActor<_, ()> = ConnectionActor::new(queues, None, token);
+    /// # drop(actor);
+    /// ```
     #[must_use]
     pub fn new(
         queues: PushQueues<F>,
@@ -74,7 +99,8 @@ where
         hooks: ProtocolHooks<F>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
-            queues,
+            high_rx: Some(queues.high_priority_rx),
+            low_rx: Some(queues.low_priority_rx),
             response,
             shutdown,
             hooks,
@@ -84,13 +110,6 @@ where
         }
     }
 
-    /// Access the underlying push queues.
-    ///
-    /// This is mainly used in tests to close the queues when no actor is
-    /// draining them.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn queues_mut(&mut self) -> &mut PushQueues<F> { &mut self.queues }
-
     /// Replace the fairness configuration.
     pub fn set_fairness(&mut self, fairness: FairnessConfig) { self.fairness = fairness; }
 
@@ -116,7 +135,7 @@ where
             return Ok(());
         }
 
-        let mut state = ActorState::new(self.response.is_none());
+        let mut state = ActorState::new(self.response.is_some());
 
         while !state.is_done() {
             self.poll_sources(&mut state, out).await?;
@@ -125,27 +144,54 @@ where
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// Poll all sources and push available frames into `out`.
+    ///
+    /// This method polls the shutdown token, high- and low-priority queues,
+    /// and the optional response stream. Frames are appended to `out` in the
+    /// order they are processed. `ActorState` is updated based on which sources
+    /// return `None`.
     async fn poll_sources(
         &mut self,
         state: &mut ActorState,
         out: &mut Vec<F>,
     ) -> Result<(), WireframeError<E>> {
+        let high_available = self.high_rx.is_some();
+        let low_available = self.low_rx.is_some();
+        let resp_available = self.response.is_some();
+
         tokio::select! {
             biased;
 
-            () = Self::wait_shutdown(self.shutdown.clone()), if !state.shutting_down => {
+            () = Self::wait_shutdown(self.shutdown.clone()), if state.is_active() => {
                 self.process_shutdown(state);
             }
 
-            res = Self::recv_push(&mut self.queues.high_priority_rx), if !state.push.high => {
+            res = async {
+                Self::recv_push(
+                    self.high_rx
+                        .as_mut()
+                        .expect("high_rx should be Some when high_available is true")
+                ).await
+            }, if high_available => {
                 self.process_high(res, state, out);
             }
 
-            res = Self::recv_push(&mut self.queues.low_priority_rx), if !state.push.low => {
+            res = async {
+                Self::recv_push(
+                    self.low_rx
+                        .as_mut()
+                        .expect("low_rx should be Some when low_available is true")
+                ).await
+            }, if low_available => {
                 self.process_low(res, state, out);
             }
 
-            res = Self::next_response(&mut self.response), if !state.shutting_down && !state.resp_closed => {
+            // `tokio::select!` is biased so the shutdown branch runs before
+            // this one. `process_shutdown` removes the response stream, making
+            // `resp_available` false on the next loop iteration. The explicit
+            // `!state.is_shutting_down()` check avoids polling the stream after
+            // shutdown has begun.
+            res = Self::next_response(&mut self.response), if resp_available && !state.is_shutting_down() => {
                 self.process_response(res, state, out)?;
             }
         }
@@ -153,29 +199,38 @@ where
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// Begin shutdown once cancellation has been observed.
     fn process_shutdown(&mut self, state: &mut ActorState) {
-        state.shutting_down = true;
-        self.start_shutdown(&mut state.resp_closed);
+        state.start_shutdown();
+        self.start_shutdown(state);
     }
 
+    /// Handle the result of polling the high-priority queue.
     fn process_high(&mut self, res: Option<F>, state: &mut ActorState, out: &mut Vec<F>) {
-        let processed = res.is_some();
-        self.handle_push(res, &mut state.push.high, out);
-        if processed {
-            self.after_high(out, &mut state.push.low);
+        if let Some(mut frame) = res {
+            self.hooks.before_send(&mut frame);
+            out.push(frame);
+            self.after_high(out, state);
         } else {
+            self.high_rx = None;
+            state.mark_closed();
             self.reset_high_counter();
         }
     }
 
+    /// Handle the result of polling the low-priority queue.
     fn process_low(&mut self, res: Option<F>, state: &mut ActorState, out: &mut Vec<F>) {
-        let processed = res.is_some();
-        self.handle_push(res, &mut state.push.low, out);
-        if processed {
+        if let Some(mut frame) = res {
+            self.hooks.before_send(&mut frame);
+            out.push(frame);
             self.after_low();
+        } else {
+            self.low_rx = None;
+            state.mark_closed();
         }
     }
 
+    /// Handle the next frame or error from the streaming response.
     fn process_response(
         &mut self,
         res: Option<Result<F, WireframeError<E>>>,
@@ -183,55 +238,56 @@ where
         out: &mut Vec<F>,
     ) -> Result<(), WireframeError<E>> {
         let processed = matches!(res, Some(Ok(_)));
-        self.handle_response(res, &mut state.resp_closed, out)?;
+        let is_none = res.is_none();
+        self.handle_response(res, state, out)?;
         if processed {
             self.after_low();
         }
-        if state.resp_closed {
+        if is_none {
             self.response = None;
         }
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn start_shutdown(&mut self, resp_closed: &mut bool) {
-        self.queues.high_priority_rx.close();
-        self.queues.low_priority_rx.close();
-        // Drop any streaming response so shutdown is prompt. Queued frames are
-        // still drained, but streamed responses may be truncated.
-        self.response = None;
-        *resp_closed = true;
-    }
-
-    fn handle_push(&mut self, res: Option<F>, closed: &mut bool, out: &mut Vec<F>) {
-        match res {
-            Some(mut frame) => {
-                self.hooks.before_send(&mut frame);
-                out.push(frame);
-            }
-            None => *closed = true,
+    /// Close all receivers and mark the response stream as closed if present.
+    fn start_shutdown(&mut self, state: &mut ActorState) {
+        if let Some(rx) = &mut self.high_rx {
+            rx.close();
+        }
+        if let Some(rx) = &mut self.low_rx {
+            rx.close();
+        }
+        if self.response.take().is_some() {
+            state.mark_closed();
         }
     }
 
-    fn after_high(&mut self, out: &mut Vec<F>, low_closed: &mut bool) {
+    /// Update counters and opportunistically drain the low-priority queue.
+    fn after_high(&mut self, out: &mut Vec<F>, state: &mut ActorState) {
         self.high_counter += 1;
         if self.high_counter == 1 {
             self.high_start = Some(Instant::now());
         }
 
-        if self.should_yield_to_low_priority() {
-            match self.queues.low_priority_rx.try_recv() {
+        if self.should_yield_to_low_priority()
+            && let Some(rx) = &mut self.low_rx
+        {
+            match rx.try_recv() {
                 Ok(mut frame) => {
                     self.hooks.before_send(&mut frame);
                     out.push(frame);
                     self.after_low();
-                    *low_closed = false;
                 }
                 Err(mpsc::error::TryRecvError::Empty) => {}
-                Err(mpsc::error::TryRecvError::Disconnected) => *low_closed = true,
+                Err(mpsc::error::TryRecvError::Disconnected) => {
+                    self.low_rx = None;
+                    state.mark_closed();
+                }
             }
         }
     }
 
+    /// Determine if processing should yield to the low-priority queue.
     fn should_yield_to_low_priority(&self) -> bool {
         let threshold_hit = self.fairness.max_high_before_low > 0
             && self.high_counter >= self.fairness.max_high_before_low;
@@ -243,17 +299,20 @@ where
         threshold_hit || time_hit
     }
 
+    /// Reset counters after processing a low-priority frame.
     fn after_low(&mut self) { self.reset_high_counter(); }
 
+    /// Clear the burst counter and associated timestamp.
     fn reset_high_counter(&mut self) {
         self.high_counter = 0;
         self.high_start = None;
     }
 
+    /// Push a frame from the response stream into `out` or handle completion.
     fn handle_response(
         &mut self,
         res: Option<Result<F, WireframeError<E>>>,
-        closed: &mut bool,
+        state: &mut ActorState,
         out: &mut Vec<F>,
     ) -> Result<(), WireframeError<E>> {
         match res {
@@ -263,7 +322,7 @@ where
             }
             Some(Err(e)) => return Err(e),
             None => {
-                *closed = true;
+                state.mark_closed();
                 self.hooks.on_command_end();
             }
         }
@@ -292,31 +351,69 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-struct PushClosed {
-    high: bool,
-    low: bool,
+/// Internal run state for the connection actor.
+enum RunState {
+    /// All sources are open and frames are still being processed.
+    Active,
+    /// A shutdown request has been observed and queues are being closed.
+    ShuttingDown,
+    /// All sources have completed and the actor can exit.
+    Finished,
 }
 
+/// Tracks progress through the actor lifecycle.
 struct ActorState {
-    push: PushClosed,
-    resp_closed: bool,
-    shutting_down: bool,
+    run_state: RunState,
+    closed_sources: usize,
+    total_sources: usize,
 }
 
 impl ActorState {
-    fn new(resp_closed: bool) -> Self {
+    /// Create a new `ActorState`.
+    ///
+    /// `has_response` indicates whether a streaming response is currently
+    /// attached.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```ignore
+    /// use wireframe::connection::ActorState;
+    ///
+    /// let state = ActorState::new(true);
+    /// assert!(state.is_active());
+    /// ```
+    fn new(has_response: bool) -> Self {
         Self {
-            push: PushClosed {
-                high: false,
-                low: false,
-            },
-            resp_closed,
-            shutting_down: false,
+            run_state: RunState::Active,
+            // The shutdown token is considered closed until cancellation
+            // occurs, matching previous behaviour where draining sources
+            // without explicit shutdown terminates the actor.
+            closed_sources: 1,
+            total_sources: 3 + usize::from(has_response),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Mark a source as closed and update the run state if all are closed.
+    fn mark_closed(&mut self) {
+        self.closed_sources += 1;
+        if self.closed_sources == self.total_sources {
+            self.run_state = RunState::Finished;
         }
     }
 
-    fn is_done(&self) -> bool {
-        let push_drained = self.push.high && self.push.low;
-        push_drained && (self.resp_closed || self.shutting_down)
+    /// Transition to `ShuttingDown` if currently active.
+    fn start_shutdown(&mut self) {
+        if matches!(self.run_state, RunState::Active) {
+            self.run_state = RunState::ShuttingDown;
+        }
     }
+
+    /// Returns `true` while the actor is actively processing sources.
+    fn is_active(&self) -> bool { matches!(self.run_state, RunState::Active) }
+
+    /// Returns `true` once shutdown has begun.
+    fn is_shutting_down(&self) -> bool { matches!(self.run_state, RunState::ShuttingDown) }
+
+    /// Returns `true` when all sources have finished.
+    fn is_done(&self) -> bool { matches!(self.run_state, RunState::Finished) }
 }