diff --git a/src/compiler/checker.ts b/src/compiler/checker.ts
index 1506c4809ef33..2ed85a206b806 100644
--- a/src/compiler/checker.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/checker.ts
@@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ namespace ts {
         const builtinGlobals = createSymbolTable();
         builtinGlobals.set(undefinedSymbol.escapedName, undefinedSymbol);
 
-        // Extensions suggested for path imports when module resolution is node12 or higher.
+        // Extensions suggested for path imports when module resolution is node16 or higher.
         // The first element of each tuple is the extension a file has.
         // The second element of each tuple is the extension that should be used in a path import.
         // e.g. if we want to import file `foo.mts`, we should write `import {} from "./foo.mjs".
@@ -3528,7 +3528,7 @@ namespace ts {
                     if (resolvedModule.isExternalLibraryImport && !resolutionExtensionIsTSOrJson(resolvedModule.extension)) {
                         errorOnImplicitAnyModule(/*isError*/ false, errorNode, resolvedModule, moduleReference);
                     }
-                    if (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.Node12 || getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext) {
+                    if (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.Node16 || getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext) {
                         const isSyncImport = (currentSourceFile.impliedNodeFormat === ModuleKind.CommonJS && !findAncestor(location, isImportCall)) || !!findAncestor(location, isImportEqualsDeclaration);
                         const overrideClauseHost = findAncestor(location, l => isImportTypeNode(l) || isExportDeclaration(l) || isImportDeclaration(l)) as ImportTypeNode | ImportDeclaration | ExportDeclaration | undefined;
                         const overrideClause = overrideClauseHost && isImportTypeNode(overrideClauseHost) ? overrideClauseHost.assertions?.assertClause : overrideClauseHost?.assertClause;
@@ -3537,9 +3537,6 @@ namespace ts {
                         if (isSyncImport && sourceFile.impliedNodeFormat === ModuleKind.ESNext && !getResolutionModeOverrideForClause(overrideClause)) {
                             error(errorNode, Diagnostics.Module_0_cannot_be_imported_using_this_construct_The_specifier_only_resolves_to_an_ES_module_which_cannot_be_imported_synchronously_Use_dynamic_import_instead, moduleReference);
                         }
-                        if (mode === ModuleKind.ESNext && compilerOptions.resolveJsonModule && resolvedModule.extension === Extension.Json) {
-                            error(errorNode, Diagnostics.JSON_imports_are_experimental_in_ES_module_mode_imports);
-                        }
                     }
                     // merged symbol is module declaration symbol combined with all augmentations
                     return getMergedSymbol(sourceFile.symbol);
@@ -3596,7 +3593,7 @@ namespace ts {
                     const tsExtension = tryExtractTSExtension(moduleReference);
                     const isExtensionlessRelativePathImport = pathIsRelative(moduleReference) && !hasExtension(moduleReference);
                     const moduleResolutionKind = getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions);
-                    const resolutionIsNode12OrNext = moduleResolutionKind === ModuleResolutionKind.Node12 ||
+                    const resolutionIsNode16OrNext = moduleResolutionKind === ModuleResolutionKind.Node16 ||
                         moduleResolutionKind === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext;
                     if (tsExtension) {
                         const diag = Diagnostics.An_import_path_cannot_end_with_a_0_extension_Consider_importing_1_instead;
@@ -3617,16 +3614,16 @@ namespace ts {
                         hasJsonModuleEmitEnabled(compilerOptions)) {
                         error(errorNode, Diagnostics.Cannot_find_module_0_Consider_using_resolveJsonModule_to_import_module_with_json_extension, moduleReference);
                     }
-                    else if (mode === ModuleKind.ESNext && resolutionIsNode12OrNext && isExtensionlessRelativePathImport) {
+                    else if (mode === ModuleKind.ESNext && resolutionIsNode16OrNext && isExtensionlessRelativePathImport) {
                         const absoluteRef = getNormalizedAbsolutePath(moduleReference, getDirectoryPath(currentSourceFile.path));
                         const suggestedExt = suggestedExtensions.find(([actualExt, _importExt]) => host.fileExists(absoluteRef + actualExt))?.[1];
                         if (suggestedExt) {
                             error(errorNode,
-                                Diagnostics.Relative_import_paths_need_explicit_file_extensions_in_EcmaScript_imports_when_moduleResolution_is_node12_or_nodenext_Did_you_mean_0,
+                                Diagnostics.Relative_import_paths_need_explicit_file_extensions_in_EcmaScript_imports_when_moduleResolution_is_node16_or_nodenext_Did_you_mean_0,
                                 moduleReference + suggestedExt);
                         }
                         else {
-                            error(errorNode, Diagnostics.Relative_import_paths_need_explicit_file_extensions_in_EcmaScript_imports_when_moduleResolution_is_node12_or_nodenext_Consider_adding_an_extension_to_the_import_path);
+                            error(errorNode, Diagnostics.Relative_import_paths_need_explicit_file_extensions_in_EcmaScript_imports_when_moduleResolution_is_node16_or_nodenext_Consider_adding_an_extension_to_the_import_path);
                         }
                     }
                     else {
@@ -6191,7 +6188,7 @@ namespace ts {
                     const targetFile = getSourceFileOfModule(chain[0]);
                     let specifier: string | undefined;
                     let assertion: ImportTypeAssertionContainer | undefined;
-                    if (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.Node12 || getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext) {
+                    if (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.Node16 || getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext) {
                         // An `import` type directed at an esm format file is only going to resolve in esm mode - set the esm mode assertion
                         if (targetFile?.impliedNodeFormat === ModuleKind.ESNext && targetFile.impliedNodeFormat !== contextFile?.impliedNodeFormat) {
                             specifier = getSpecifierForModuleSymbol(chain[0], context, ModuleKind.ESNext);
@@ -6208,7 +6205,7 @@ namespace ts {
                     }
                     if (!(context.flags & NodeBuilderFlags.AllowNodeModulesRelativePaths) && getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) !== ModuleResolutionKind.Classic && specifier.indexOf("/node_modules/") >= 0) {
                         const oldSpecifier = specifier;
-                        if (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.Node12 || getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext) {
+                        if (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.Node16 || getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext) {
                             // We might be able to write a portable import type using a mode override; try specifier generation again, but with a different mode set
                             const swappedMode = contextFile?.impliedNodeFormat === ModuleKind.ESNext ? ModuleKind.CommonJS : ModuleKind.ESNext;
                             specifier = getSpecifierForModuleSymbol(chain[0], context, swappedMode);
@@ -32060,13 +32057,13 @@ namespace ts {
         }
 
         function checkImportMetaProperty(node: MetaProperty) {
-            if (moduleKind === ModuleKind.Node12 || moduleKind === ModuleKind.NodeNext) {
+            if (moduleKind === ModuleKind.Node16 || moduleKind === ModuleKind.NodeNext) {
                 if (getSourceFileOfNode(node).impliedNodeFormat !== ModuleKind.ESNext) {
                     error(node, Diagnostics.The_import_meta_meta_property_is_not_allowed_in_files_which_will_build_into_CommonJS_output);
                 }
             }
             else if (moduleKind < ModuleKind.ES2020 && moduleKind !== ModuleKind.System) {
-                error(node, Diagnostics.The_import_meta_meta_property_is_only_allowed_when_the_module_option_is_es2020_es2022_esnext_system_node12_or_nodenext);
+                error(node, Diagnostics.The_import_meta_meta_property_is_only_allowed_when_the_module_option_is_es2020_es2022_esnext_system_node16_or_nodenext);
             }
             const file = getSourceFileOfNode(node);
             Debug.assert(!!(file.flags & NodeFlags.PossiblyContainsImportMeta), "Containing file is missing import meta node flag.");
@@ -33096,16 +33093,37 @@ namespace ts {
                     if (!hasParseDiagnostics(sourceFile)) {
                         let span: TextSpan | undefined;
                         if (!isEffectiveExternalModule(sourceFile, compilerOptions)) {
-                            if (!span) span = getSpanOfTokenAtPosition(sourceFile, node.pos);
+                            span ??= getSpanOfTokenAtPosition(sourceFile, node.pos);
                             const diagnostic = createFileDiagnostic(sourceFile, span.start, span.length,
                                 Diagnostics.await_expressions_are_only_allowed_at_the_top_level_of_a_file_when_that_file_is_a_module_but_this_file_has_no_imports_or_exports_Consider_adding_an_empty_export_to_make_this_file_a_module);
                             diagnostics.add(diagnostic);
                         }
-                        if ((moduleKind !== ModuleKind.ES2022 && moduleKind !== ModuleKind.ESNext && moduleKind !== ModuleKind.System && !(moduleKind === ModuleKind.NodeNext && getSourceFileOfNode(node).impliedNodeFormat === ModuleKind.ESNext)) || languageVersion < ScriptTarget.ES2017) {
-                            span = getSpanOfTokenAtPosition(sourceFile, node.pos);
-                            const diagnostic = createFileDiagnostic(sourceFile, span.start, span.length,
-                                Diagnostics.Top_level_await_expressions_are_only_allowed_when_the_module_option_is_set_to_es2022_esnext_system_or_nodenext_and_the_target_option_is_set_to_es2017_or_higher);
-                            diagnostics.add(diagnostic);
+                        switch (moduleKind) {
+                            case ModuleKind.Node16:
+                            case ModuleKind.NodeNext:
+                                if (sourceFile.impliedNodeFormat === ModuleKind.CommonJS) {
+                                    span ??= getSpanOfTokenAtPosition(sourceFile, node.pos);
+                                    diagnostics.add(
+                                        createFileDiagnostic(sourceFile, span.start, span.length, Diagnostics.The_current_file_is_a_CommonJS_module_and_cannot_use_await_at_the_top_level)
+                                    );
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                                // fallthrough
+                            case ModuleKind.ES2022:
+                            case ModuleKind.ESNext:
+                            case ModuleKind.System:
+                                if (languageVersion >= ScriptTarget.ES2017) {
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                                // fallthrough
+                            default:
+                                span ??= getSpanOfTokenAtPosition(sourceFile, node.pos);
+                                diagnostics.add(
+                                    createFileDiagnostic(sourceFile, span.start, span.length,
+                                        Diagnostics.Top_level_await_expressions_are_only_allowed_when_the_module_option_is_set_to_es2022_esnext_system_node16_or_nodenext_and_the_target_option_is_set_to_es2017_or_higher
+                                    )
+                                );
+                                break;
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -35809,8 +35827,8 @@ namespace ts {
             if (node.assertions) {
                 const override = getResolutionModeOverrideForClause(node.assertions.assertClause, grammarErrorOnNode);
                 if (override) {
-                    if (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) !== ModuleResolutionKind.Node12 && getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) !== ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext) {
-                        grammarErrorOnNode(node.assertions.assertClause, Diagnostics.Resolution_modes_are_only_supported_when_moduleResolution_is_node12_or_nodenext);
+                    if (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) !== ModuleResolutionKind.Node16 && getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) !== ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext) {
+                        grammarErrorOnNode(node.assertions.assertClause, Diagnostics.Resolution_modes_are_only_supported_when_moduleResolution_is_node16_or_nodenext);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -37428,7 +37446,7 @@ namespace ts {
 
         function checkCollisionWithRequireExportsInGeneratedCode(node: Node, name: Identifier | undefined) {
             // No need to check for require or exports for ES6 modules and later
-            if (moduleKind >= ModuleKind.ES2015 && !(moduleKind >= ModuleKind.Node12 && getSourceFileOfNode(node).impliedNodeFormat === ModuleKind.CommonJS)) {
+            if (moduleKind >= ModuleKind.ES2015 && !(moduleKind >= ModuleKind.Node16 && getSourceFileOfNode(node).impliedNodeFormat === ModuleKind.CommonJS)) {
                 return;
             }
 
@@ -40703,8 +40721,8 @@ namespace ts {
                 const validForTypeAssertions = isExclusivelyTypeOnlyImportOrExport(declaration);
                 const override = getResolutionModeOverrideForClause(declaration.assertClause, validForTypeAssertions ? grammarErrorOnNode : undefined);
                 if (validForTypeAssertions && override) {
-                    if (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) !== ModuleResolutionKind.Node12 && getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) !== ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext) {
-                        return grammarErrorOnNode(declaration.assertClause, Diagnostics.Resolution_modes_are_only_supported_when_moduleResolution_is_node12_or_nodenext);
+                    if (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) !== ModuleResolutionKind.Node16 && getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) !== ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext) {
+                        return grammarErrorOnNode(declaration.assertClause, Diagnostics.Resolution_modes_are_only_supported_when_moduleResolution_is_node16_or_nodenext);
                     }
                     return; // Other grammar checks do not apply to type-only imports with resolution mode assertions
                 }
@@ -44173,9 +44191,30 @@ namespace ts {
                                 diagnostics.add(createDiagnosticForNode(forInOrOfStatement.awaitModifier,
                                     Diagnostics.for_await_loops_are_only_allowed_at_the_top_level_of_a_file_when_that_file_is_a_module_but_this_file_has_no_imports_or_exports_Consider_adding_an_empty_export_to_make_this_file_a_module));
                             }
-                            if ((moduleKind !== ModuleKind.ES2022 && moduleKind !== ModuleKind.ESNext && moduleKind !== ModuleKind.System && !(moduleKind === ModuleKind.NodeNext && getSourceFileOfNode(forInOrOfStatement).impliedNodeFormat === ModuleKind.ESNext)) || languageVersion < ScriptTarget.ES2017) {
-                                diagnostics.add(createDiagnosticForNode(forInOrOfStatement.awaitModifier,
-                                    Diagnostics.Top_level_for_await_loops_are_only_allowed_when_the_module_option_is_set_to_es2022_esnext_system_or_nodenext_and_the_target_option_is_set_to_es2017_or_higher));
+                            switch (moduleKind) {
+                                case ModuleKind.Node16:
+                                case ModuleKind.NodeNext:
+                                    if (sourceFile.impliedNodeFormat === ModuleKind.CommonJS) {
+                                        diagnostics.add(
+                                            createDiagnosticForNode(forInOrOfStatement.awaitModifier, Diagnostics.The_current_file_is_a_CommonJS_module_and_cannot_use_await_at_the_top_level)
+                                        );
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                    // fallthrough
+                                case ModuleKind.ES2022:
+                                case ModuleKind.ESNext:
+                                case ModuleKind.System:
+                                    if (languageVersion >= ScriptTarget.ES2017) {
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                    // fallthrough
+                                default:
+                                    diagnostics.add(
+                                        createDiagnosticForNode(forInOrOfStatement.awaitModifier,
+                                            Diagnostics.Top_level_for_await_loops_are_only_allowed_when_the_module_option_is_set_to_es2022_esnext_system_node16_or_nodenext_and_the_target_option_is_set_to_es2017_or_higher
+                                        )
+                                    );
+                                    break;
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -44947,7 +44986,7 @@ namespace ts {
 
         function checkGrammarImportCallExpression(node: ImportCall): boolean {
             if (moduleKind === ModuleKind.ES2015) {
-                return grammarErrorOnNode(node, Diagnostics.Dynamic_imports_are_only_supported_when_the_module_flag_is_set_to_es2020_es2022_esnext_commonjs_amd_system_umd_node12_or_nodenext);
+                return grammarErrorOnNode(node, Diagnostics.Dynamic_imports_are_only_supported_when_the_module_flag_is_set_to_es2020_es2022_esnext_commonjs_amd_system_umd_node16_or_nodenext);
             }
 
             if (node.typeArguments) {
@@ -44961,7 +45000,7 @@ namespace ts {
 
                 if (nodeArguments.length > 1) {
                     const assertionArgument = nodeArguments[1];
-                    return grammarErrorOnNode(assertionArgument, Diagnostics.Dynamic_imports_only_support_a_second_argument_when_the_module_option_is_set_to_esnext_or_nodenext);
+                    return grammarErrorOnNode(assertionArgument, Diagnostics.Dynamic_imports_only_support_a_second_argument_when_the_module_option_is_set_to_esnext_node16_or_nodenext);
                 }
             }
 
diff --git a/src/compiler/commandLineParser.ts b/src/compiler/commandLineParser.ts
index 6ed23d16e6b5a..d60facd264b4c 100644
--- a/src/compiler/commandLineParser.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/commandLineParser.ts
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ namespace ts {
                 es2020: ModuleKind.ES2020,
                 es2022: ModuleKind.ES2022,
                 esnext: ModuleKind.ESNext,
-                node12: ModuleKind.Node12,
+                node16: ModuleKind.Node16,
                 nodenext: ModuleKind.NodeNext,
             })),
             affectsModuleResolution: true,
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ namespace ts {
             type: new Map(getEntries({
                 node: ModuleResolutionKind.NodeJs,
                 classic: ModuleResolutionKind.Classic,
-                node12: ModuleResolutionKind.Node12,
+                node16: ModuleResolutionKind.Node16,
                 nodenext: ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext,
             })),
             affectsModuleResolution: true,
@@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ namespace ts {
             affectsModuleResolution: true,
             description: Diagnostics.Control_what_method_is_used_to_detect_module_format_JS_files,
             category: Diagnostics.Language_and_Environment,
-            defaultValueDescription: Diagnostics.auto_Colon_Treat_files_with_imports_exports_import_meta_jsx_with_jsx_Colon_react_jsx_or_esm_format_with_module_Colon_node12_as_modules,
+            defaultValueDescription: Diagnostics.auto_Colon_Treat_files_with_imports_exports_import_meta_jsx_with_jsx_Colon_react_jsx_or_esm_format_with_module_Colon_node16_as_modules,
         }
     ];
 
diff --git a/src/compiler/diagnosticMessages.json b/src/compiler/diagnosticMessages.json
index 44fed63932db9..762242eb1f27b 100644
--- a/src/compiler/diagnosticMessages.json
+++ b/src/compiler/diagnosticMessages.json
@@ -900,6 +900,10 @@
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 1308
     },
+    "The current file is a CommonJS module and cannot use 'await' at the top level.": {
+        "category": "Error",
+        "code": 1309
+    },
     "Did you mean to use a ':'? An '=' can only follow a property name when the containing object literal is part of a destructuring pattern.": {
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 1312
@@ -944,11 +948,11 @@
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 1322
     },
-    "Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.": {
+    "Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.": {
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 1323
     },
-    "Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.": {
+    "Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.": {
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 1324
     },
@@ -1016,7 +1020,7 @@
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 1342
     },
-    "The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.": {
+    "The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.": {
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 1343
     },
@@ -1140,7 +1144,7 @@
         "category": "Message",
         "code": 1377
     },
-    "Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.": {
+    "Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.": {
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 1378
     },
@@ -1348,7 +1352,7 @@
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 1431
     },
-    "Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.": {
+    "Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.": {
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 1432
     },
@@ -1420,7 +1424,7 @@
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 1451
     },
-    "Resolution modes are only supported when `moduleResolution` is `node12` or `nodenext`.": {
+    "Resolution modes are only supported when `moduleResolution` is `node16` or `nodenext`.": {
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 1452
     },
@@ -1465,7 +1469,7 @@
         "category": "Message",
         "code": 1475
     },
-    "\"auto\": Treat files with imports, exports, import.meta, jsx (with jsx: react-jsx), or esm format (with module: node12+) as modules.": {
+    "\"auto\": Treat files with imports, exports, import.meta, jsx (with jsx: react-jsx), or esm format (with module: node16+) as modules.": {
         "category": "Message",
         "code": 1476
     },
@@ -3425,11 +3429,11 @@
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 2833
     },
-    "Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.": {
+    "Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.": {
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 2834
     },
-    "Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean '{0}'?": {
+    "Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean '{0}'?": {
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 2835
     },
@@ -6113,10 +6117,6 @@
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 7061
     },
-    "JSON imports are experimental in ES module mode imports.": {
-        "category": "Error",
-        "code": 7062
-    },
 
     "You cannot rename this element.": {
         "category": "Error",
diff --git a/src/compiler/moduleNameResolver.ts b/src/compiler/moduleNameResolver.ts
index 15022bd59f67f..6b0664b835cd9 100644
--- a/src/compiler/moduleNameResolver.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/moduleNameResolver.ts
@@ -348,9 +348,9 @@ namespace ts {
         // set in a non-modal module resolution setting here. Do note that our behavior is not particularly well defined when these mode-overriding imports
         // are present in a non-modal project; while in theory we'd like to either ignore the mode or provide faithful modern resolution, depending on what we feel is best,
         // in practice, not every cache has the options available to intelligently make the choice to ignore the mode request, and it's unclear how modern "faithful modern
-        // resolution" should be (`node12`? `nodenext`?). As such, witnessing a mode-overriding triple-slash reference in a non-modal module resolution
+        // resolution" should be (`node16`? `nodenext`?). As such, witnessing a mode-overriding triple-slash reference in a non-modal module resolution
         // context should _probably_ be an error - and that should likely be handled by the `Program` (which is what we do).
-        if (resolutionMode === ModuleKind.ESNext && (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) === ModuleResolutionKind.Node12 || getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext)) {
+        if (resolutionMode === ModuleKind.ESNext && (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) === ModuleResolutionKind.Node16 || getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext)) {
             features |= NodeResolutionFeatures.EsmMode;
         }
         const conditions = features & NodeResolutionFeatures.Exports ? features & NodeResolutionFeatures.EsmMode ? ["node", "import", "types"] : ["node", "require", "types"] : [];
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ namespace ts {
     }
 
     function getDefaultNodeResolutionFeatures(options: CompilerOptions) {
-        return getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) === ModuleResolutionKind.Node12 ? NodeResolutionFeatures.Node12Default :
+        return getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) === ModuleResolutionKind.Node16 ? NodeResolutionFeatures.Node16Default :
             getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext ? NodeResolutionFeatures.NodeNextDefault :
                 NodeResolutionFeatures.None;
     }
@@ -950,8 +950,8 @@ namespace ts {
                     case ModuleKind.CommonJS:
                         moduleResolution = ModuleResolutionKind.NodeJs;
                         break;
-                    case ModuleKind.Node12:
-                        moduleResolution = ModuleResolutionKind.Node12;
+                    case ModuleKind.Node16:
+                        moduleResolution = ModuleResolutionKind.Node16;
                         break;
                     case ModuleKind.NodeNext:
                         moduleResolution = ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext;
@@ -972,8 +972,8 @@ namespace ts {
 
             perfLogger.logStartResolveModule(moduleName /* , containingFile, ModuleResolutionKind[moduleResolution]*/);
             switch (moduleResolution) {
-                case ModuleResolutionKind.Node12:
-                    result = node12ModuleNameResolver(moduleName, containingFile, compilerOptions, host, cache, redirectedReference, resolutionMode);
+                case ModuleResolutionKind.Node16:
+                    result = node16ModuleNameResolver(moduleName, containingFile, compilerOptions, host, cache, redirectedReference, resolutionMode);
                     break;
                 case ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext:
                     result = nodeNextModuleNameResolver(moduleName, containingFile, compilerOptions, host, cache, redirectedReference, resolutionMode);
@@ -1231,22 +1231,22 @@ namespace ts {
         // respecting the `.exports` member of packages' package.json files and its (conditional) mappings of export names
         Exports = 1 << 3,
         // allowing `*` in the LHS of an export to be followed by more content, eg `"./whatever/*.js"`
-        // not currently backported to node 12 - https://github.com/nodejs/Release/issues/690
+        // not supported in node 12 - https://github.com/nodejs/Release/issues/690
         ExportsPatternTrailers = 1 << 4,
         AllFeatures = Imports | SelfName | Exports | ExportsPatternTrailers,
 
-        Node12Default = Imports | SelfName | Exports,
+        Node16Default = Imports | SelfName | Exports | ExportsPatternTrailers,
 
         NodeNextDefault = AllFeatures,
 
         EsmMode = 1 << 5,
     }
 
-    function node12ModuleNameResolver(moduleName: string, containingFile: string, compilerOptions: CompilerOptions,
+    function node16ModuleNameResolver(moduleName: string, containingFile: string, compilerOptions: CompilerOptions,
             host: ModuleResolutionHost, cache?: ModuleResolutionCache, redirectedReference?: ResolvedProjectReference,
             resolutionMode?: ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations {
         return nodeNextModuleNameResolverWorker(
-            NodeResolutionFeatures.Node12Default,
+            NodeResolutionFeatures.Node16Default,
             moduleName,
             containingFile,
             compilerOptions,
@@ -1310,7 +1310,7 @@ namespace ts {
         const traceEnabled = isTraceEnabled(compilerOptions, host);
 
         const failedLookupLocations: string[] = [];
-        // conditions are only used by the node12/nodenext resolver - there's no priority order in the list,
+        // conditions are only used by the node16/nodenext resolver - there's no priority order in the list,
         //it's essentially a set (priority is determined by object insertion order in the object we look at).
         const conditions = features & NodeResolutionFeatures.EsmMode ? ["node", "import", "types"] : ["node", "require", "types"];
         if (compilerOptions.noDtsResolution) {
diff --git a/src/compiler/moduleSpecifiers.ts b/src/compiler/moduleSpecifiers.ts
index 270bee0048ec8..542afb796a933 100644
--- a/src/compiler/moduleSpecifiers.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/moduleSpecifiers.ts
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace ts.moduleSpecifiers {
     }
 
     function isFormatRequiringExtensions(compilerOptions: CompilerOptions, importingSourceFileName: Path, host: ModuleSpecifierResolutionHost) {
-        if (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) !== ModuleResolutionKind.Node12
+        if (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) !== ModuleResolutionKind.Node16
         && getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) !== ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -734,7 +734,7 @@ namespace ts.moduleSpecifiers {
             const cachedPackageJson = host.getPackageJsonInfoCache?.()?.getPackageJsonInfo(packageJsonPath);
             if (typeof cachedPackageJson === "object" || cachedPackageJson === undefined && host.fileExists(packageJsonPath)) {
                 const packageJsonContent = cachedPackageJson?.packageJsonContent || JSON.parse(host.readFile!(packageJsonPath)!);
-                if (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) === ModuleResolutionKind.Node12 || getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext) {
+                if (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) === ModuleResolutionKind.Node16 || getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext) {
                     // `conditions` *could* be made to go against `importingSourceFile.impliedNodeFormat` if something wanted to generate
                     // an ImportEqualsDeclaration in an ESM-implied file or an ImportCall in a CJS-implied file. But since this function is
                     // usually called to conjure an import out of thin air, we don't have an existing usage to call `getModeForUsageAtIndex`
diff --git a/src/compiler/parser.ts b/src/compiler/parser.ts
index 884a5b36e38c1..32e00834bb42c 100644
--- a/src/compiler/parser.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/parser.ts
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ namespace ts {
         /**
          * Controls the format the file is detected as - this can be derived from only the path
          * and files on disk, but needs to be done with a module resolution cache in scope to be performant.
-         * This is usually `undefined` for compilations that do not have `moduleResolution` values of `node12` or `nodenext`.
+         * This is usually `undefined` for compilations that do not have `moduleResolution` values of `node16` or `nodenext`.
          */
         impliedNodeFormat?: ModuleKind.ESNext | ModuleKind.CommonJS;
         /**
diff --git a/src/compiler/program.ts b/src/compiler/program.ts
index c7f886ea3119f..14da765533321 100644
--- a/src/compiler/program.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/program.ts
@@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ namespace ts {
      */
     export function getImpliedNodeFormatForFile(fileName: Path, packageJsonInfoCache: PackageJsonInfoCache | undefined, host: ModuleResolutionHost, options: CompilerOptions): ModuleKind.ESNext | ModuleKind.CommonJS | undefined {
         switch (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options)) {
-            case ModuleResolutionKind.Node12:
+            case ModuleResolutionKind.Node16:
             case ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext:
                 return fileExtensionIsOneOf(fileName, [Extension.Dmts, Extension.Mts, Extension.Mjs]) ? ModuleKind.ESNext :
                     fileExtensionIsOneOf(fileName, [Extension.Dcts, Extension.Cts, Extension.Cjs]) ? ModuleKind.CommonJS :
@@ -1210,7 +1210,7 @@ namespace ts {
                 const containingFilename = combinePaths(containingDirectory, inferredTypesContainingFile);
                 const resolutions = resolveTypeReferenceDirectiveNamesWorker(typeReferences, containingFilename);
                 for (let i = 0; i < typeReferences.length; i++) {
-                    // under node12/nodenext module resolution, load `types`/ata include names as cjs resolution results by passing an `undefined` mode
+                    // under node16/nodenext module resolution, load `types`/ata include names as cjs resolution results by passing an `undefined` mode
                     processTypeReferenceDirective(typeReferences[i], /*mode*/ undefined, resolutions[i], { kind: FileIncludeKind.AutomaticTypeDirectiveFile, typeReference: typeReferences[i], packageId: resolutions[i]?.packageId });
                 }
                 tracing?.pop();
@@ -3085,8 +3085,8 @@ namespace ts {
                 const fileName = toFileNameLowerCase(ref.fileName);
                 setResolvedTypeReferenceDirective(file, fileName, resolvedTypeReferenceDirective);
                 const mode = ref.resolutionMode || file.impliedNodeFormat;
-                if (mode && getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) !== ModuleResolutionKind.Node12 && getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) !== ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext) {
-                    programDiagnostics.add(createDiagnosticForRange(file, ref, Diagnostics.Resolution_modes_are_only_supported_when_moduleResolution_is_node12_or_nodenext));
+                if (mode && getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) !== ModuleResolutionKind.Node16 && getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) !== ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext) {
+                    programDiagnostics.add(createDiagnosticForRange(file, ref, Diagnostics.Resolution_modes_are_only_supported_when_moduleResolution_is_node16_or_nodenext));
                 }
                 processTypeReferenceDirective(fileName, mode, resolvedTypeReferenceDirective, { kind: FileIncludeKind.TypeReferenceDirective, file: file.path, index, });
             }
@@ -3515,7 +3515,7 @@ namespace ts {
 
             if (options.resolveJsonModule) {
                 if (getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) !== ModuleResolutionKind.NodeJs &&
-                    getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) !== ModuleResolutionKind.Node12 &&
+                    getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) !== ModuleResolutionKind.Node16 &&
                     getEmitModuleResolutionKind(options) !== ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext) {
                     createDiagnosticForOptionName(Diagnostics.Option_resolveJsonModule_cannot_be_specified_without_node_module_resolution_strategy, "resolveJsonModule");
                 }
diff --git a/src/compiler/transformer.ts b/src/compiler/transformer.ts
index 7207d8a60d75b..bfe7017150406 100644
--- a/src/compiler/transformer.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/transformer.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace ts {
                 return transformECMAScriptModule;
             case ModuleKind.System:
                 return transformSystemModule;
-            case ModuleKind.Node12:
+            case ModuleKind.Node16:
             case ModuleKind.NodeNext:
                 return transformNodeModule;
             default:
diff --git a/src/compiler/types.ts b/src/compiler/types.ts
index c03a01f424ba5..c3a2f8f72b2c5 100644
--- a/src/compiler/types.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/types.ts
@@ -3615,7 +3615,7 @@ namespace ts {
         languageVersion: ScriptTarget;
 
         /**
-         * When `module` is `Node12` or `NodeNext`, this field controls whether the
+         * When `module` is `Node16` or `NodeNext`, this field controls whether the
          * source file in question is an ESNext-output-format file, or a CommonJS-output-format
          * module. This is derived by the module resolver as it looks up the file, since
          * it is derived from either the file extension of the module, or the containing
@@ -6049,11 +6049,12 @@ namespace ts {
         Classic  = 1,
         NodeJs   = 2,
         // Starting with node12, node's module resolver has significant departures from traditional cjs resolution
-        // to better support ecmascript modules and their use within node - more features are still being added, so
-        // we can expect it to change over time, and as such, offer both a `NodeNext` moving resolution target, and a `Node12`
-        // version-anchored resolution target
-        Node12   = 3,
-        NodeNext = 99, // Not simply `Node12` so that compiled code linked against TS can use the `Next` value reliably (same as with `ModuleKind`)
+        // to better support ecmascript modules and their use within node - however more features are still being added.
+        // TypeScript's Node ESM support was introduced after Node 12 went end-of-life, and Node 14 is the earliest stable
+        // version that supports both pattern trailers - *but*, Node 16 is the first version that also supports ECMASCript 2022.
+        // In turn, we offer both a `NodeNext` moving resolution target, and a `Node16` version-anchored resolution target
+        Node16   = 3,
+        NodeNext = 99, // Not simply `Node16` so that compiled code linked against TS can use the `Next` value reliably (same as with `ModuleKind`)
     }
 
     export enum ModuleDetectionKind {
@@ -6062,7 +6063,7 @@ namespace ts {
          */
         Legacy = 1,
         /**
-         * Legacy, but also files with jsx under react-jsx or react-jsxdev and esm mode files under moduleResolution: node12+
+         * Legacy, but also files with jsx under react-jsx or react-jsxdev and esm mode files under moduleResolution: node16+
          */
         Auto = 2,
         /**
@@ -6281,8 +6282,8 @@ namespace ts {
         ES2022 = 7,
         ESNext = 99,
 
-        // Node12+ is an amalgam of commonjs (albeit updated) and es2020+, and represents a distinct module system from es2020/esnext
-        Node12 = 100,
+        // Node16+ is an amalgam of commonjs (albeit updated) and es2022+, and represents a distinct module system from es2020/esnext
+        Node16 = 100,
         NodeNext = 199,
     }
 
diff --git a/src/compiler/utilities.ts b/src/compiler/utilities.ts
index 7d860fa7a61e6..b4a22b298fe1e 100644
--- a/src/compiler/utilities.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/utilities.ts
@@ -808,7 +808,7 @@ namespace ts {
     }
 
     function isCommonJSContainingModuleKind(kind: ModuleKind) {
-        return kind === ModuleKind.CommonJS || kind === ModuleKind.Node12 || kind === ModuleKind.NodeNext;
+        return kind === ModuleKind.CommonJS || kind === ModuleKind.Node16 || kind === ModuleKind.NodeNext;
     }
 
     export function isEffectiveExternalModule(node: SourceFile, compilerOptions: CompilerOptions) {
@@ -6319,7 +6319,7 @@ namespace ts {
                     file.externalModuleIndicator = isFileProbablyExternalModule(file);
                 };
             case ModuleDetectionKind.Auto:
-                // If module is nodenext or node12, all esm format files are modules
+                // If module is nodenext or node16, all esm format files are modules
                 // If jsx is react-jsx or react-jsxdev then jsx tags force module-ness
                 // otherwise, the presence of import or export statments (or import.meta) implies module-ness
                 const checks: ((file: SourceFile) => Node | true | undefined)[] = [isFileProbablyExternalModule];
@@ -6327,7 +6327,7 @@ namespace ts {
                     checks.push(isFileModuleFromUsingJSXTag);
                 }
                 const moduleKind = getEmitModuleKind(options);
-                if (moduleKind === ModuleKind.Node12 || moduleKind === ModuleKind.NodeNext) {
+                if (moduleKind === ModuleKind.Node16 || moduleKind === ModuleKind.NodeNext) {
                     checks.push(isFileForcedToBeModuleByFormat);
                 }
                 const combined = or(...checks);
@@ -6338,7 +6338,7 @@ namespace ts {
 
     export function getEmitScriptTarget(compilerOptions: {module?: CompilerOptions["module"], target?: CompilerOptions["target"]}) {
         return compilerOptions.target ||
-            (compilerOptions.module === ModuleKind.Node12 && ScriptTarget.ES2020) ||
+            (compilerOptions.module === ModuleKind.Node16 && ScriptTarget.ES2022) ||
             (compilerOptions.module === ModuleKind.NodeNext && ScriptTarget.ESNext) ||
             ScriptTarget.ES3;
     }
@@ -6356,8 +6356,8 @@ namespace ts {
                 case ModuleKind.CommonJS:
                     moduleResolution = ModuleResolutionKind.NodeJs;
                     break;
-                case ModuleKind.Node12:
-                    moduleResolution = ModuleResolutionKind.Node12;
+                case ModuleKind.Node16:
+                    moduleResolution = ModuleResolutionKind.Node16;
                     break;
                 case ModuleKind.NodeNext:
                     moduleResolution = ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext;
@@ -6382,7 +6382,7 @@ namespace ts {
             case ModuleKind.ES2020:
             case ModuleKind.ES2022:
             case ModuleKind.ESNext:
-            case ModuleKind.Node12:
+            case ModuleKind.Node16:
             case ModuleKind.NodeNext:
                 return true;
             default:
@@ -6407,7 +6407,7 @@ namespace ts {
             return compilerOptions.esModuleInterop;
         }
         switch (getEmitModuleKind(compilerOptions)) {
-            case ModuleKind.Node12:
+            case ModuleKind.Node16:
             case ModuleKind.NodeNext:
                 return true;
         }
diff --git a/src/harness/compilerImpl.ts b/src/harness/compilerImpl.ts
index 40e3994b1c9bd..999c9d4e2733c 100644
--- a/src/harness/compilerImpl.ts
+++ b/src/harness/compilerImpl.ts
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ namespace compiler {
         }
 
         // establish defaults (aligns with old harness)
-        if (compilerOptions.target === undefined && compilerOptions.module !== ts.ModuleKind.Node12 && compilerOptions.module !== ts.ModuleKind.NodeNext) compilerOptions.target = ts.ScriptTarget.ES3;
+        if (compilerOptions.target === undefined && compilerOptions.module !== ts.ModuleKind.Node16 && compilerOptions.module !== ts.ModuleKind.NodeNext) compilerOptions.target = ts.ScriptTarget.ES3;
         if (compilerOptions.newLine === undefined) compilerOptions.newLine = ts.NewLineKind.CarriageReturnLineFeed;
         if (compilerOptions.skipDefaultLibCheck === undefined) compilerOptions.skipDefaultLibCheck = true;
         if (compilerOptions.noErrorTruncation === undefined) compilerOptions.noErrorTruncation = true;
diff --git a/src/server/session.ts b/src/server/session.ts
index 3345f362eda77..fc946c98537dd 100644
--- a/src/server/session.ts
+++ b/src/server/session.ts
@@ -1288,7 +1288,7 @@ namespace ts.server {
                     const compilerOptions = project.getCompilationSettings();
                     const packageJson = getPackageScopeForPath(project.toPath(packageDirectory + "/package.json"), packageJsonCache, project, compilerOptions);
                     if (!packageJson) return undefined;
-                    // Use fake options instead of actual compiler options to avoid following export map if the project uses node12 or nodenext -
+                    // Use fake options instead of actual compiler options to avoid following export map if the project uses node16 or nodenext -
                     // Mapping from an export map entry across packages is out of scope for now. Returned entrypoints will only be what can be
                     // resolved from the package root under --moduleResolution node
                     const entrypoints = getEntrypointsFromPackageJsonInfo(
diff --git a/src/services/codefixes/fixModuleAndTargetOptions.ts b/src/services/codefixes/fixModuleAndTargetOptions.ts
index c2d72d291e352..e60b95f6c27c1 100644
--- a/src/services/codefixes/fixModuleAndTargetOptions.ts
+++ b/src/services/codefixes/fixModuleAndTargetOptions.ts
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 namespace ts.codefix {
     registerCodeFix({
         errorCodes: [
-            Diagnostics.Top_level_await_expressions_are_only_allowed_when_the_module_option_is_set_to_es2022_esnext_system_or_nodenext_and_the_target_option_is_set_to_es2017_or_higher.code,
-            Diagnostics.Top_level_for_await_loops_are_only_allowed_when_the_module_option_is_set_to_es2022_esnext_system_or_nodenext_and_the_target_option_is_set_to_es2017_or_higher.code,
+            Diagnostics.Top_level_await_expressions_are_only_allowed_when_the_module_option_is_set_to_es2022_esnext_system_node16_or_nodenext_and_the_target_option_is_set_to_es2017_or_higher.code,
+            Diagnostics.Top_level_for_await_loops_are_only_allowed_when_the_module_option_is_set_to_es2022_esnext_system_node16_or_nodenext_and_the_target_option_is_set_to_es2017_or_higher.code,
         ],
         getCodeActions: function getCodeActionsToFixModuleAndTarget(context) {
             const compilerOptions = context.program.getCompilerOptions();
diff --git a/src/services/codefixes/importFixes.ts b/src/services/codefixes/importFixes.ts
index 94b289cd317c5..5f9080201686d 100644
--- a/src/services/codefixes/importFixes.ts
+++ b/src/services/codefixes/importFixes.ts
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ namespace ts.codefix {
             case ModuleKind.None:
                 // Fall back to the `import * as ns` style import.
                 return ImportKind.Namespace;
-            case ModuleKind.Node12:
+            case ModuleKind.Node16:
             case ModuleKind.NodeNext:
                 return importingFile.impliedNodeFormat === ModuleKind.ESNext ? ImportKind.Namespace : ImportKind.CommonJS;
             default:
diff --git a/src/services/completions.ts b/src/services/completions.ts
index a81ccfa788dff..5a08941b9af5b 100644
--- a/src/services/completions.ts
+++ b/src/services/completions.ts
@@ -2761,7 +2761,7 @@ namespace ts.Completions {
                             }
 
                             // Do a relatively cheap check to bail early if all re-exports are non-importable
-                            // due to file location or package.json dependency filtering. For non-node12+
+                            // due to file location or package.json dependency filtering. For non-node16+
                             // module resolution modes, getting past this point guarantees that we'll be
                             // able to generate a suitable module specifier, so we can safely show a completion,
                             // even if we defer computing the module specifier.
@@ -2770,7 +2770,7 @@ namespace ts.Completions {
                                 return;
                             }
 
-                            // In node12+, module specifier resolution can fail due to modules being blocked
+                            // In node16+, module specifier resolution can fail due to modules being blocked
                             // by package.json `exports`. If that happens, don't show a completion item.
                             // N.B. in this resolution mode we always try to resolve module specifiers here,
                             // because we have to know now if it's going to fail so we can omit the completion
diff --git a/src/services/documentRegistry.ts b/src/services/documentRegistry.ts
index 5274aed06fd00..7141bc12fd7cd 100644
--- a/src/services/documentRegistry.ts
+++ b/src/services/documentRegistry.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace ts {
          * shape of a the resulting SourceFile. This allows the DocumentRegistry to store
          * multiple copies of the same file for different compilation settings. A minimal
          * resolution cache is needed to fully define a source file's shape when
-         * the compilation settings include `module: node12`+, so providing a cache host
+         * the compilation settings include `module: node16`+, so providing a cache host
          * object should be preferred. A common host is a language service `ConfiguredProject`.
          * @param scriptSnapshot Text of the file. Only used if the file was not found
          * in the registry and a new one was created.
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace ts {
          * shape of a the resulting SourceFile. This allows the DocumentRegistry to store
          * multiple copies of the same file for different compilation settings. A minimal
          * resolution cache is needed to fully define a source file's shape when
-         * the compilation settings include `module: node12`+, so providing a cache host
+         * the compilation settings include `module: node16`+, so providing a cache host
          * object should be preferred. A common host is a language service `ConfiguredProject`.
          * @param scriptSnapshot Text of the file.
          * @param version Current version of the file.
diff --git a/src/services/stringCompletions.ts b/src/services/stringCompletions.ts
index 61f90c9817d7d..604a833742649 100644
--- a/src/services/stringCompletions.ts
+++ b/src/services/stringCompletions.ts
@@ -377,12 +377,12 @@ namespace ts.Completions.StringCompletions {
 
     function isEmitResolutionKindUsingNodeModules(compilerOptions: CompilerOptions): boolean {
         return getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeJs ||
-            getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.Node12 ||
+            getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.Node16 ||
             getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext;
     }
 
     function isEmitModuleResolutionRespectingExportMaps(compilerOptions: CompilerOptions) {
-        return getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.Node12 ||
+        return getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.Node16 ||
         getEmitModuleResolutionKind(compilerOptions) === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/services/types.ts b/src/services/types.ts
index 886546f5f068e..3610617cedffc 100644
--- a/src/services/types.ts
+++ b/src/services/types.ts
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ namespace ts {
 
         /*
          * Unlike `realpath and `readDirectory`, `readFile` and `fileExists` are now _required_
-         * to properly acquire and setup source files under module: node12+ modes.
+         * to properly acquire and setup source files under module: node16+ modes.
          */
         readFile(path: string, encoding?: string): string | undefined;
         fileExists(path: string): boolean;
diff --git a/src/services/utilities.ts b/src/services/utilities.ts
index a2f5846b82e41..18f85ceb26421 100644
--- a/src/services/utilities.ts
+++ b/src/services/utilities.ts
@@ -1929,11 +1929,11 @@ namespace ts {
     }
 
     export function moduleResolutionRespectsExports(moduleResolution: ModuleResolutionKind): boolean {
-        return moduleResolution >= ModuleResolutionKind.Node12 && moduleResolution <= ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext;
+        return moduleResolution >= ModuleResolutionKind.Node16 && moduleResolution <= ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext;
     }
 
     export function moduleResolutionUsesNodeModules(moduleResolution: ModuleResolutionKind): boolean {
-        return moduleResolution === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeJs || moduleResolution >= ModuleResolutionKind.Node12 && moduleResolution <= ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext;
+        return moduleResolution === ModuleResolutionKind.NodeJs || moduleResolution >= ModuleResolutionKind.Node16 && moduleResolution <= ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext;
     }
 
     export function makeImportIfNecessary(defaultImport: Identifier | undefined, namedImports: readonly ImportSpecifier[] | undefined, moduleSpecifier: string, quotePreference: QuotePreference): ImportDeclaration | undefined {
diff --git a/src/testRunner/unittests/config/commandLineParsing.ts b/src/testRunner/unittests/config/commandLineParsing.ts
index 0c9a9fd954bf7..e2b48977106b6 100644
--- a/src/testRunner/unittests/config/commandLineParsing.ts
+++ b/src/testRunner/unittests/config/commandLineParsing.ts
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ namespace ts {
                         start: undefined,
                         length: undefined,
                     }, {
-                        messageText: "Argument for '--module' option must be: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6', 'es2015', 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'node12', 'nodenext'.",
+                        messageText: "Argument for '--module' option must be: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6', 'es2015', 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'node16', 'nodenext'.",
                         category: Diagnostics.Argument_for_0_option_must_be_Colon_1.category,
                         code: Diagnostics.Argument_for_0_option_must_be_Colon_1.code,
 
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ namespace ts {
                         start: undefined,
                         length: undefined,
                     }, {
-                        messageText: "Argument for '--moduleResolution' option must be: 'node', 'classic', 'node12', 'nodenext'.",
+                        messageText: "Argument for '--moduleResolution' option must be: 'node', 'classic', 'node16', 'nodenext'.",
                         category: Diagnostics.Argument_for_0_option_must_be_Colon_1.category,
                         code: Diagnostics.Argument_for_0_option_must_be_Colon_1.code,
 
diff --git a/src/testRunner/unittests/tsbuild/moduleResolution.ts b/src/testRunner/unittests/tsbuild/moduleResolution.ts
index 0ac722293626f..1a6a72fcb2328 100644
--- a/src/testRunner/unittests/tsbuild/moduleResolution.ts
+++ b/src/testRunner/unittests/tsbuild/moduleResolution.ts
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ namespace ts.tscWatch {
                     content: JSON.stringify({
                         compilerOptions: {
                             outDir: "build",
-                            module: "node12",
+                            module: "node16",
                         },
                         references: [{ path: "../pkg2" }]
                     })
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ namespace ts.tscWatch {
                         compilerOptions: {
                             composite: true,
                             outDir: "build",
-                            module: "node12",
+                            module: "node16",
                         }
                     })
                 },
diff --git a/src/testRunner/unittests/tsbuild/moduleSpecifiers.ts b/src/testRunner/unittests/tsbuild/moduleSpecifiers.ts
index 9c560a1bd6f4e..19b47f2eb831c 100644
--- a/src/testRunner/unittests/tsbuild/moduleSpecifiers.ts
+++ b/src/testRunner/unittests/tsbuild/moduleSpecifiers.ts
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ namespace ts {
         });
     });
 
-    // https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/44434 but with `module: node12`, some `exports` maps blocking direct access, and no `baseUrl`
+    // https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/44434 but with `module: node16`, some `exports` maps blocking direct access, and no `baseUrl`
     describe("unittests:: tsbuild:: moduleSpecifiers:: synthesized module specifiers across referenced projects resolve correctly", () => {
         verifyTsc({
             scenario: "moduleSpecifiers",
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ namespace ts {
                     {
                         "compilerOptions": {
                             "declaration": true,
-                            "module": "node12"
+                            "module": "node16"
                         }
                     }`,
                 "/src/src-types/package.json": Utils.dedent`
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/api/tsserverlibrary.d.ts b/tests/baselines/reference/api/tsserverlibrary.d.ts
index 1e389228866c0..f7e45674ac056 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/api/tsserverlibrary.d.ts
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/api/tsserverlibrary.d.ts
@@ -2063,7 +2063,7 @@ declare namespace ts {
         hasNoDefaultLib: boolean;
         languageVersion: ScriptTarget;
         /**
-         * When `module` is `Node12` or `NodeNext`, this field controls whether the
+         * When `module` is `Node16` or `NodeNext`, this field controls whether the
          * source file in question is an ESNext-output-format file, or a CommonJS-output-format
          * module. This is derived by the module resolver as it looks up the file, since
          * it is derived from either the file extension of the module, or the containing
@@ -2893,7 +2893,7 @@ declare namespace ts {
     export enum ModuleResolutionKind {
         Classic = 1,
         NodeJs = 2,
-        Node12 = 3,
+        Node16 = 3,
         NodeNext = 99
     }
     export enum ModuleDetectionKind {
@@ -2902,7 +2902,7 @@ declare namespace ts {
          */
         Legacy = 1,
         /**
-         * Legacy, but also files with jsx under react-jsx or react-jsxdev and esm mode files under moduleResolution: node12+
+         * Legacy, but also files with jsx under react-jsx or react-jsxdev and esm mode files under moduleResolution: node16+
          */
         Auto = 2,
         /**
@@ -3074,7 +3074,7 @@ declare namespace ts {
         ES2020 = 6,
         ES2022 = 7,
         ESNext = 99,
-        Node12 = 100,
+        Node16 = 100,
         NodeNext = 199
     }
     export enum JsxEmit {
@@ -4818,7 +4818,7 @@ declare namespace ts {
         /**
          * Controls the format the file is detected as - this can be derived from only the path
          * and files on disk, but needs to be done with a module resolution cache in scope to be performant.
-         * This is usually `undefined` for compilations that do not have `moduleResolution` values of `node12` or `nodenext`.
+         * This is usually `undefined` for compilations that do not have `moduleResolution` values of `node16` or `nodenext`.
          */
         impliedNodeFormat?: ModuleKind.ESNext | ModuleKind.CommonJS;
         /**
@@ -6822,7 +6822,7 @@ declare namespace ts {
          * shape of a the resulting SourceFile. This allows the DocumentRegistry to store
          * multiple copies of the same file for different compilation settings. A minimal
          * resolution cache is needed to fully define a source file's shape when
-         * the compilation settings include `module: node12`+, so providing a cache host
+         * the compilation settings include `module: node16`+, so providing a cache host
          * object should be preferred. A common host is a language service `ConfiguredProject`.
          * @param scriptSnapshot Text of the file. Only used if the file was not found
          * in the registry and a new one was created.
@@ -6841,7 +6841,7 @@ declare namespace ts {
          * shape of a the resulting SourceFile. This allows the DocumentRegistry to store
          * multiple copies of the same file for different compilation settings. A minimal
          * resolution cache is needed to fully define a source file's shape when
-         * the compilation settings include `module: node12`+, so providing a cache host
+         * the compilation settings include `module: node16`+, so providing a cache host
          * object should be preferred. A common host is a language service `ConfiguredProject`.
          * @param scriptSnapshot Text of the file.
          * @param version Current version of the file.
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/api/typescript.d.ts b/tests/baselines/reference/api/typescript.d.ts
index c1fc7000c4bef..fb0a5a0c1e756 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/api/typescript.d.ts
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/api/typescript.d.ts
@@ -2063,7 +2063,7 @@ declare namespace ts {
         hasNoDefaultLib: boolean;
         languageVersion: ScriptTarget;
         /**
-         * When `module` is `Node12` or `NodeNext`, this field controls whether the
+         * When `module` is `Node16` or `NodeNext`, this field controls whether the
          * source file in question is an ESNext-output-format file, or a CommonJS-output-format
          * module. This is derived by the module resolver as it looks up the file, since
          * it is derived from either the file extension of the module, or the containing
@@ -2893,7 +2893,7 @@ declare namespace ts {
     export enum ModuleResolutionKind {
         Classic = 1,
         NodeJs = 2,
-        Node12 = 3,
+        Node16 = 3,
         NodeNext = 99
     }
     export enum ModuleDetectionKind {
@@ -2902,7 +2902,7 @@ declare namespace ts {
          */
         Legacy = 1,
         /**
-         * Legacy, but also files with jsx under react-jsx or react-jsxdev and esm mode files under moduleResolution: node12+
+         * Legacy, but also files with jsx under react-jsx or react-jsxdev and esm mode files under moduleResolution: node16+
          */
         Auto = 2,
         /**
@@ -3074,7 +3074,7 @@ declare namespace ts {
         ES2020 = 6,
         ES2022 = 7,
         ESNext = 99,
-        Node12 = 100,
+        Node16 = 100,
         NodeNext = 199
     }
     export enum JsxEmit {
@@ -4818,7 +4818,7 @@ declare namespace ts {
         /**
          * Controls the format the file is detected as - this can be derived from only the path
          * and files on disk, but needs to be done with a module resolution cache in scope to be performant.
-         * This is usually `undefined` for compilations that do not have `moduleResolution` values of `node12` or `nodenext`.
+         * This is usually `undefined` for compilations that do not have `moduleResolution` values of `node16` or `nodenext`.
          */
         impliedNodeFormat?: ModuleKind.ESNext | ModuleKind.CommonJS;
         /**
@@ -6822,7 +6822,7 @@ declare namespace ts {
          * shape of a the resulting SourceFile. This allows the DocumentRegistry to store
          * multiple copies of the same file for different compilation settings. A minimal
          * resolution cache is needed to fully define a source file's shape when
-         * the compilation settings include `module: node12`+, so providing a cache host
+         * the compilation settings include `module: node16`+, so providing a cache host
          * object should be preferred. A common host is a language service `ConfiguredProject`.
          * @param scriptSnapshot Text of the file. Only used if the file was not found
          * in the registry and a new one was created.
@@ -6841,7 +6841,7 @@ declare namespace ts {
          * shape of a the resulting SourceFile. This allows the DocumentRegistry to store
          * multiple copies of the same file for different compilation settings. A minimal
          * resolution cache is needed to fully define a source file's shape when
-         * the compilation settings include `module: node12`+, so providing a cache host
+         * the compilation settings include `module: node16`+, so providing a cache host
          * object should be preferred. A common host is a language service `ConfiguredProject`.
          * @param scriptSnapshot Text of the file.
          * @param version Current version of the file.
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/awaitInNonAsyncFunction.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/awaitInNonAsyncFunction.errors.txt
index 0c8ac2b8ec9bd..f97a066c8c80d 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/awaitInNonAsyncFunction.errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/awaitInNonAsyncFunction.errors.txt
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ tests/cases/compiler/awaitInNonAsyncFunction.ts(30,9): error TS1103: 'for await'
 tests/cases/compiler/awaitInNonAsyncFunction.ts(31,5): error TS1308: 'await' expressions are only allowed within async functions and at the top levels of modules.
 tests/cases/compiler/awaitInNonAsyncFunction.ts(34,7): error TS1103: 'for await' loops are only allowed within async functions and at the top levels of modules.
 tests/cases/compiler/awaitInNonAsyncFunction.ts(35,5): error TS1308: 'await' expressions are only allowed within async functions and at the top levels of modules.
-tests/cases/compiler/awaitInNonAsyncFunction.ts(39,5): error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
-tests/cases/compiler/awaitInNonAsyncFunction.ts(40,1): error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+tests/cases/compiler/awaitInNonAsyncFunction.ts(39,5): error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+tests/cases/compiler/awaitInNonAsyncFunction.ts(40,1): error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
 
 
 ==== tests/cases/compiler/awaitInNonAsyncFunction.ts (16 errors) ====
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ tests/cases/compiler/awaitInNonAsyncFunction.ts(40,1): error TS1378: Top-level '
     
     for await (const _ of []);
         ~~~~~
-!!! error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+!!! error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
     await null;
     ~~~~~
-!!! error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
\ No newline at end of file
+!!! error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/emitHelpersWithLocalCollisions(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/emitHelpersWithLocalCollisions(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8aed6c9347aa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/emitHelpersWithLocalCollisions(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//// [a.ts]
+declare var dec: any, __decorate: any;
+@dec export class A {
+}
+
+const o = { a: 1 };
+const y = { ...o };
+
+
+//// [a.js]
+"use strict";
+var __decorate = (this && this.__decorate) || function (decorators, target, key, desc) {
+    var c = arguments.length, r = c < 3 ? target : desc === null ? desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, key) : desc, d;
+    if (typeof Reflect === "object" && typeof Reflect.decorate === "function") r = Reflect.decorate(decorators, target, key, desc);
+    else for (var i = decorators.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) if (d = decorators[i]) r = (c < 3 ? d(r) : c > 3 ? d(target, key, r) : d(target, key)) || r;
+    return c > 3 && r && Object.defineProperty(target, key, r), r;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.A = void 0;
+let A = class A {
+};
+A = __decorate([
+    dec
+], A);
+exports.A = A;
+const o = { a: 1 };
+const y = Object.assign({}, o);
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/importAssertion1(module=commonjs).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/importAssertion1(module=commonjs).errors.txt
index fa365df88cdf2..b7a88e8ce62b5 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/importAssertion1(module=commonjs).errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/importAssertion1(module=commonjs).errors.txt
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/1.ts(2,28): error TS2821: Import asserti
 tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/1.ts(3,28): error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/2.ts(1,28): error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/2.ts(2,38): error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(2,25): error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(3,25): error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(4,25): error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(5,26): error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(7,25): error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(2,25): error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(3,25): error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(4,25): error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(5,26): error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(7,25): error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(8,11): message TS1450: Dynamic imports can only accept a module specifier and an optional assertion as arguments
-tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(9,25): error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(10,25): error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(9,25): error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(10,25): error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(10,52): error TS1009: Trailing comma not allowed.
 
 
@@ -49,29 +49,29 @@ tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(10,52): error TS1009: Trailing comm
     const a = import('./0')
     const b = import('./0', { assert: { type: "json" } })
                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     const c = import('./0', { assert: { type: "json", ttype: "typo" } })
                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     const d = import('./0', { assert: {} })
                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     const dd = import('./0', {})
                              ~~
-!!! error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     declare function foo(): any;
     const e = import('./0', foo())
                             ~~~~~
-!!! error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     const f = import()
               ~~~~~~~~
 !!! message TS1450: Dynamic imports can only accept a module specifier and an optional assertion as arguments
     const g = import('./0', {}, {})
                             ~~
-!!! error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     const h = import('./0', { assert: { type: "json" }},)
                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
                                                        ~
 !!! error TS1009: Trailing comma not allowed.
     
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/importAssertion1(module=es2015).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/importAssertion1(module=es2015).errors.txt
index fb959409350b0..266938cb7cda5 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/importAssertion1(module=es2015).errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/importAssertion1(module=es2015).errors.txt
@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/1.ts(2,28): error TS2821: Import asserti
 tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/1.ts(3,28): error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/2.ts(1,28): error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/2.ts(2,38): error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(1,11): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(2,11): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(3,11): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(4,11): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(5,12): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(7,11): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(8,11): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(9,11): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(10,11): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(1,11): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(2,11): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(3,11): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(4,11): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(5,12): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(7,11): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(8,11): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(9,11): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(10,11): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 
 
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/0.ts (0 errors) ====
@@ -48,31 +48,31 @@ tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts(10,11): error TS1323: Dynamic impor
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/importAssertion/3.ts (9 errors) ====
     const a = import('./0')
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     const b = import('./0', { assert: { type: "json" } })
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     const c = import('./0', { assert: { type: "json", ttype: "typo" } })
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     const d = import('./0', { assert: {} })
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     const dd = import('./0', {})
                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     declare function foo(): any;
     const e = import('./0', foo())
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     const f = import()
               ~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     const g = import('./0', {}, {})
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     const h = import('./0', { assert: { type: "json" }},)
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     
     
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/importCallExpressionErrorInES2015.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/importCallExpressionErrorInES2015.errors.txt
index 43821679002c4..5fbfb92fa50ea 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/importCallExpressionErrorInES2015.errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/importCallExpressionErrorInES2015.errors.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/1.ts(1,1): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/1.ts(2,10): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/1.ts(8,16): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/1.ts(1,1): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/1.ts(2,10): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/1.ts(8,16): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 
 
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/0.ts (0 errors) ====
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/1.ts(8,16): error TS1323: Dynamic imports
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/1.ts (3 errors) ====
     import("./0");
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     var p1 = import("./0");
              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     p1.then(zero => {
         return zero.foo();
     })
@@ -20,5 +20,5 @@ tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/1.ts(8,16): error TS1323: Dynamic imports
     function foo() {
         const p2 = import("./0");
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/importCallExpressionGrammarError.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/importCallExpressionGrammarError.errors.txt
index 063b200b6729a..ee698678c3c4d 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/importCallExpressionGrammarError.errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/importCallExpressionGrammarError.errors.txt
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/importCallExpressionGrammarError.ts(5,8):
 tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/importCallExpressionGrammarError.ts(7,17): error TS1325: Argument of dynamic import cannot be spread element.
 tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/importCallExpressionGrammarError.ts(8,12): message TS1450: Dynamic imports can only accept a module specifier and an optional assertion as arguments
 tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/importCallExpressionGrammarError.ts(9,19): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'pathToModule' or its corresponding type declarations.
-tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/importCallExpressionGrammarError.ts(9,35): error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/importCallExpressionGrammarError.ts(9,35): error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/importCallExpressionGrammarError.ts(9,35): error TS2559: Type '"secondModule"' has no properties in common with type 'ImportCallOptions'.
 
 
@@ -25,6 +25,6 @@ tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/importCallExpressionGrammarError.ts(9,35):
                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 !!! error TS2307: Cannot find module 'pathToModule' or its corresponding type declarations.
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 !!! error TS2559: Type '"secondModule"' has no properties in common with type 'ImportCallOptions'.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/importCallExpressionNestedES2015.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/importCallExpressionNestedES2015.errors.txt
index 5e37388bc02f4..de342b7804767 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/importCallExpressionNestedES2015.errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/importCallExpressionNestedES2015.errors.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/index.ts(2,18): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/index.ts(2,32): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/index.ts(2,18): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/index.ts(2,32): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 
 
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/foo.ts (0 errors) ====
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/index.ts(2,32): error TS1323: Dynamic impo
     async function foo() {
         return await import((await import("./foo")).default);
                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/importCallExpressionNestedES20152.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/importCallExpressionNestedES20152.errors.txt
index 5e37388bc02f4..de342b7804767 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/importCallExpressionNestedES20152.errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/importCallExpressionNestedES20152.errors.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/index.ts(2,18): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/index.ts(2,32): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/index.ts(2,18): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/index.ts(2,32): error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 
 
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/foo.ts (0 errors) ====
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ tests/cases/conformance/dynamicImport/index.ts(2,32): error TS1323: Dynamic impo
     async function foo() {
         return await import((await import("./foo")).default);
                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1323: Dynamic imports are only supported when the '--module' flag is set to 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/importMeta(module=commonjs,target=es5).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/importMeta(module=commonjs,target=es5).errors.txt
index 9c82043ec74d1..2f65f3fc12c15 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/importMeta(module=commonjs,target=es5).errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/importMeta(module=commonjs,target=es5).errors.txt
@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
 error TS2468: Cannot find global value 'Promise'.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(1,32): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(1,32): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(1,44): error TS2339: Property 'blah' does not exist on type 'ImportMeta'.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(1,51): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(1,51): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(1,63): error TS2339: Property 'blue' does not exist on type 'ImportMeta'.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(1,70): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(2,1): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(1,70): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(2,1): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(2,1): error TS2364: The left-hand side of an assignment expression must be a variable or a property access.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(11,21): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(11,21): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/example.ts(2,2): error TS2705: An async function or method in ES5/ES3 requires the 'Promise' constructor.  Make sure you have a declaration for the 'Promise' constructor or include 'ES2015' in your '--lib' option.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/example.ts(3,59): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/example.ts(6,16): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/example.ts(3,59): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/example.ts(6,16): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/example.ts(6,28): error TS2339: Property 'scriptElement' does not exist on type 'ImportMeta'.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/moduleLookingFile01.ts(1,16): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/moduleLookingFile01.ts(2,16): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/moduleLookingFile01.ts(1,16): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/moduleLookingFile01.ts(2,16): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/moduleLookingFile01.ts(2,23): error TS17012: 'metal' is not a valid meta-property for keyword 'import'. Did you mean 'meta'?
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/moduleLookingFile01.ts(3,16): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/moduleLookingFile01.ts(3,16): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/moduleLookingFile01.ts(3,23): error TS17012: 'import' is not a valid meta-property for keyword 'import'. Did you mean 'meta'?
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(1,15): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(2,15): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(1,15): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(2,15): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(2,22): error TS17012: 'metal' is not a valid meta-property for keyword 'import'. Did you mean 'meta'?
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(3,15): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(3,15): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(3,22): error TS17012: 'import' is not a valid meta-property for keyword 'import'. Did you mean 'meta'?
 
 
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(3,22): error TS
 !!! error TS2705: An async function or method in ES5/ES3 requires the 'Promise' constructor.  Make sure you have a declaration for the 'Promise' constructor or include 'ES2015' in your '--lib' option.
       const response = await fetch(new URL("../hamsters.jpg", import.meta.url).toString());
                                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
       const blob = await response.blob();
     
       const size = import.meta.scriptElement.dataset.size || 300;
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 !!! error TS2339: Property 'scriptElement' does not exist on type 'ImportMeta'.
     
@@ -50,48 +50,48 @@ tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(3,22): error TS
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/moduleLookingFile01.ts (5 errors) ====
     export let x = import.meta;
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     export let y = import.metal;
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
                           ~~~~~
 !!! error TS17012: 'metal' is not a valid meta-property for keyword 'import'. Did you mean 'meta'?
     export let z = import.import.import.malkovich;
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
                           ~~~~~~
 !!! error TS17012: 'import' is not a valid meta-property for keyword 'import'. Did you mean 'meta'?
     
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts (5 errors) ====
     let globalA = import.meta;
                   ~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     let globalB = import.metal;
                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
                          ~~~~~
 !!! error TS17012: 'metal' is not a valid meta-property for keyword 'import'. Did you mean 'meta'?
     let globalC = import.import.import.malkovich;
                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
                          ~~~~~~
 !!! error TS17012: 'import' is not a valid meta-property for keyword 'import'. Did you mean 'meta'?
     
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts (8 errors) ====
     export const foo: ImportMeta = import.meta.blah = import.meta.blue = import.meta;
                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
                                                ~~~~
 !!! error TS2339: Property 'blah' does not exist on type 'ImportMeta'.
                                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
                                                                   ~~~~
 !!! error TS2339: Property 'blue' does not exist on type 'ImportMeta'.
                                                                          ~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     import.meta = foo;
     ~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     ~~~~~~~~~~~
 !!! error TS2364: The left-hand side of an assignment expression must be a variable or a property access.
     
@@ -104,4 +104,4 @@ tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(3,22): error TS
     
     const { a, b, c } = import.meta.wellKnownProperty;
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
\ No newline at end of file
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/importMeta(module=commonjs,target=esnext).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/importMeta(module=commonjs,target=esnext).errors.txt
index 9c82043ec74d1..2f65f3fc12c15 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/importMeta(module=commonjs,target=esnext).errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/importMeta(module=commonjs,target=esnext).errors.txt
@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
 error TS2468: Cannot find global value 'Promise'.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(1,32): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(1,32): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(1,44): error TS2339: Property 'blah' does not exist on type 'ImportMeta'.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(1,51): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(1,51): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(1,63): error TS2339: Property 'blue' does not exist on type 'ImportMeta'.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(1,70): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(2,1): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(1,70): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(2,1): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(2,1): error TS2364: The left-hand side of an assignment expression must be a variable or a property access.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(11,21): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts(11,21): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/example.ts(2,2): error TS2705: An async function or method in ES5/ES3 requires the 'Promise' constructor.  Make sure you have a declaration for the 'Promise' constructor or include 'ES2015' in your '--lib' option.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/example.ts(3,59): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/example.ts(6,16): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/example.ts(3,59): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/example.ts(6,16): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/example.ts(6,28): error TS2339: Property 'scriptElement' does not exist on type 'ImportMeta'.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/moduleLookingFile01.ts(1,16): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/moduleLookingFile01.ts(2,16): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/moduleLookingFile01.ts(1,16): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/moduleLookingFile01.ts(2,16): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/moduleLookingFile01.ts(2,23): error TS17012: 'metal' is not a valid meta-property for keyword 'import'. Did you mean 'meta'?
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/moduleLookingFile01.ts(3,16): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/moduleLookingFile01.ts(3,16): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/moduleLookingFile01.ts(3,23): error TS17012: 'import' is not a valid meta-property for keyword 'import'. Did you mean 'meta'?
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(1,15): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(2,15): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(1,15): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(2,15): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(2,22): error TS17012: 'metal' is not a valid meta-property for keyword 'import'. Did you mean 'meta'?
-tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(3,15): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(3,15): error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
 tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(3,22): error TS17012: 'import' is not a valid meta-property for keyword 'import'. Did you mean 'meta'?
 
 
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(3,22): error TS
 !!! error TS2705: An async function or method in ES5/ES3 requires the 'Promise' constructor.  Make sure you have a declaration for the 'Promise' constructor or include 'ES2015' in your '--lib' option.
       const response = await fetch(new URL("../hamsters.jpg", import.meta.url).toString());
                                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
       const blob = await response.blob();
     
       const size = import.meta.scriptElement.dataset.size || 300;
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 !!! error TS2339: Property 'scriptElement' does not exist on type 'ImportMeta'.
     
@@ -50,48 +50,48 @@ tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(3,22): error TS
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/moduleLookingFile01.ts (5 errors) ====
     export let x = import.meta;
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     export let y = import.metal;
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
                           ~~~~~
 !!! error TS17012: 'metal' is not a valid meta-property for keyword 'import'. Did you mean 'meta'?
     export let z = import.import.import.malkovich;
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
                           ~~~~~~
 !!! error TS17012: 'import' is not a valid meta-property for keyword 'import'. Did you mean 'meta'?
     
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts (5 errors) ====
     let globalA = import.meta;
                   ~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     let globalB = import.metal;
                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
                          ~~~~~
 !!! error TS17012: 'metal' is not a valid meta-property for keyword 'import'. Did you mean 'meta'?
     let globalC = import.import.import.malkovich;
                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
                          ~~~~~~
 !!! error TS17012: 'import' is not a valid meta-property for keyword 'import'. Did you mean 'meta'?
     
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/assignmentTargets.ts (8 errors) ====
     export const foo: ImportMeta = import.meta.blah = import.meta.blue = import.meta;
                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
                                                ~~~~
 !!! error TS2339: Property 'blah' does not exist on type 'ImportMeta'.
                                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
                                                                   ~~~~
 !!! error TS2339: Property 'blue' does not exist on type 'ImportMeta'.
                                                                          ~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     import.meta = foo;
     ~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
     ~~~~~~~~~~~
 !!! error TS2364: The left-hand side of an assignment expression must be a variable or a property access.
     
@@ -104,4 +104,4 @@ tests/cases/conformance/es2019/importMeta/scriptLookingFile01.ts(3,22): error TS
     
     const { a, b, c } = import.meta.wellKnownProperty;
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node12', or 'nodenext'.
\ No newline at end of file
+!!! error TS1343: The 'import.meta' meta-property is only allowed when the '--module' option is 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=commonjs,moduleresolution=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=commonjs,moduleresolution=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..843190b26d3fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=commonjs,moduleresolution=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/moduleResolutionWithModule.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": "./entrypoint.js"
+}
+//// [entrypoint.d.ts]
+export declare function thing(): void;
+//// [index.ts]
+import * as p from "pkg";
+p.thing();
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+exports.__esModule = true;
+var p = require("pkg");
+p.thing();
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=commonjs,moduleresolution=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=commonjs,moduleresolution=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8ab99790e5f29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=commonjs,moduleresolution=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+=== tests/cases/compiler/node_modules/pkg/entrypoint.d.ts ===
+export declare function thing(): void;
+>thing : Symbol(thing, Decl(entrypoint.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+=== tests/cases/compiler/index.ts ===
+import * as p from "pkg";
+>p : Symbol(p, Decl(index.ts, 0, 6))
+
+p.thing();
+>p.thing : Symbol(p.thing, Decl(entrypoint.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>p : Symbol(p, Decl(index.ts, 0, 6))
+>thing : Symbol(p.thing, Decl(entrypoint.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=commonjs,moduleresolution=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=commonjs,moduleresolution=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c49641fe551bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=commonjs,moduleresolution=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+=== tests/cases/compiler/node_modules/pkg/entrypoint.d.ts ===
+export declare function thing(): void;
+>thing : () => void
+
+=== tests/cases/compiler/index.ts ===
+import * as p from "pkg";
+>p : typeof p
+
+p.thing();
+>p.thing() : void
+>p.thing : () => void
+>p : typeof p
+>thing : () => void
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..dc0e81b025924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+tests/cases/compiler/index.ts(1,20): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'pkg' or its corresponding type declarations.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/compiler/node_modules/pkg/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "pkg",
+        "version": "0.0.1",
+        "exports": "./entrypoint.js"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/compiler/node_modules/pkg/entrypoint.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export declare function thing(): void;
+==== tests/cases/compiler/index.ts (1 errors) ====
+    import * as p from "pkg";
+                       ~~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module 'pkg' or its corresponding type declarations.
+    p.thing();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node).js b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..23844cf6bab19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node).js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/moduleResolutionWithModule.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": "./entrypoint.js"
+}
+//// [entrypoint.d.ts]
+export declare function thing(): void;
+//// [index.ts]
+import * as p from "pkg";
+p.thing();
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+const p = __importStar(require("pkg"));
+p.thing();
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..40ac39fdf758d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+=== tests/cases/compiler/node_modules/pkg/entrypoint.d.ts ===
+export declare function thing(): void;
+>thing : Symbol(thing, Decl(entrypoint.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+=== tests/cases/compiler/index.ts ===
+import * as p from "pkg";
+>p : Symbol(p, Decl(index.ts, 0, 6))
+
+p.thing();
+>p : Symbol(p, Decl(index.ts, 0, 6))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node).types b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..45eed8eb127ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node).types
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+=== tests/cases/compiler/node_modules/pkg/entrypoint.d.ts ===
+export declare function thing(): void;
+>thing : () => void
+
+=== tests/cases/compiler/index.ts ===
+import * as p from "pkg";
+>p : any
+
+p.thing();
+>p.thing() : any
+>p.thing : any
+>p : any
+>thing : any
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..23844cf6bab19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/moduleResolutionWithModule.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": "./entrypoint.js"
+}
+//// [entrypoint.d.ts]
+export declare function thing(): void;
+//// [index.ts]
+import * as p from "pkg";
+p.thing();
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+const p = __importStar(require("pkg"));
+p.thing();
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8ab99790e5f29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+=== tests/cases/compiler/node_modules/pkg/entrypoint.d.ts ===
+export declare function thing(): void;
+>thing : Symbol(thing, Decl(entrypoint.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+=== tests/cases/compiler/index.ts ===
+import * as p from "pkg";
+>p : Symbol(p, Decl(index.ts, 0, 6))
+
+p.thing();
+>p.thing : Symbol(p.thing, Decl(entrypoint.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>p : Symbol(p, Decl(index.ts, 0, 6))
+>thing : Symbol(p.thing, Decl(entrypoint.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c49641fe551bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+=== tests/cases/compiler/node_modules/pkg/entrypoint.d.ts ===
+export declare function thing(): void;
+>thing : () => void
+
+=== tests/cases/compiler/index.ts ===
+import * as p from "pkg";
+>p : typeof p
+
+p.thing();
+>p.thing() : void
+>p.thing : () => void
+>p : typeof p
+>thing : () => void
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=nodenext).js b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=nodenext).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..23844cf6bab19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=nodenext).js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/moduleResolutionWithModule.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": "./entrypoint.js"
+}
+//// [entrypoint.d.ts]
+export declare function thing(): void;
+//// [index.ts]
+import * as p from "pkg";
+p.thing();
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+const p = __importStar(require("pkg"));
+p.thing();
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=nodenext).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=nodenext).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8ab99790e5f29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=nodenext).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+=== tests/cases/compiler/node_modules/pkg/entrypoint.d.ts ===
+export declare function thing(): void;
+>thing : Symbol(thing, Decl(entrypoint.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+=== tests/cases/compiler/index.ts ===
+import * as p from "pkg";
+>p : Symbol(p, Decl(index.ts, 0, 6))
+
+p.thing();
+>p.thing : Symbol(p.thing, Decl(entrypoint.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>p : Symbol(p, Decl(index.ts, 0, 6))
+>thing : Symbol(p.thing, Decl(entrypoint.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=nodenext).types b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=nodenext).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c49641fe551bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=node16,moduleresolution=nodenext).types
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+=== tests/cases/compiler/node_modules/pkg/entrypoint.d.ts ===
+export declare function thing(): void;
+>thing : () => void
+
+=== tests/cases/compiler/index.ts ===
+import * as p from "pkg";
+>p : typeof p
+
+p.thing();
+>p.thing() : void
+>p.thing : () => void
+>p : typeof p
+>thing : () => void
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=nodenext,moduleresolution=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=nodenext,moduleresolution=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..23844cf6bab19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=nodenext,moduleresolution=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/moduleResolutionWithModule.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": "./entrypoint.js"
+}
+//// [entrypoint.d.ts]
+export declare function thing(): void;
+//// [index.ts]
+import * as p from "pkg";
+p.thing();
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+const p = __importStar(require("pkg"));
+p.thing();
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=nodenext,moduleresolution=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=nodenext,moduleresolution=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8ab99790e5f29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=nodenext,moduleresolution=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+=== tests/cases/compiler/node_modules/pkg/entrypoint.d.ts ===
+export declare function thing(): void;
+>thing : Symbol(thing, Decl(entrypoint.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+=== tests/cases/compiler/index.ts ===
+import * as p from "pkg";
+>p : Symbol(p, Decl(index.ts, 0, 6))
+
+p.thing();
+>p.thing : Symbol(p.thing, Decl(entrypoint.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>p : Symbol(p, Decl(index.ts, 0, 6))
+>thing : Symbol(p.thing, Decl(entrypoint.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=nodenext,moduleresolution=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=nodenext,moduleresolution=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c49641fe551bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithModule(module=nodenext,moduleresolution=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+=== tests/cases/compiler/node_modules/pkg/entrypoint.d.ts ===
+export declare function thing(): void;
+>thing : () => void
+
+=== tests/cases/compiler/index.ts ===
+import * as p from "pkg";
+>p : typeof p
+
+p.thing();
+>p.thing() : void
+>p.thing : () => void
+>p : typeof p
+>thing : () => void
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension1.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension1.errors.txt
index 5f3cbbc121cfb..30a2033c2b1fb 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension1.errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension1.errors.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/src/bar.mts(2,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './foo.mjs'?
-/src/bar.mts(3,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+/src/bar.mts(2,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './foo.mjs'?
+/src/bar.mts(3,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
 
 
 ==== /src/foo.mts (0 errors) ====
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
     // Extensionless relative path ES import in an ES module
     import { foo } from "./foo"; // should error, suggest adding ".mjs"
                         ~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './foo.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './foo.mjs'?
     import { baz } from "./baz"; // should error, ask for extension, no extension suggestion
                         ~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension3.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension3.errors.txt
index 0c753a1029900..356bbda92dd16 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension3.errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension3.errors.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/src/bar.mts(2,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './foo.jsx'?
+/src/bar.mts(2,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './foo.jsx'?
 
 
 ==== /src/foo.tsx (0 errors) ====
@@ -10,5 +10,5 @@
     // Extensionless relative path ES import in an ES module
     import { foo } from "./foo"; // should error, suggest adding ".jsx"
                         ~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './foo.jsx'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './foo.jsx'?
     
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension4.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension4.errors.txt
index afd24269d69bc..917ae242e7afd 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension4.errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension4.errors.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/src/bar.mts(2,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './foo.js'?
+/src/bar.mts(2,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './foo.js'?
 
 
 ==== /src/foo.tsx (0 errors) ====
@@ -10,5 +10,5 @@
     // Extensionless relative path ES import in an ES module
     import { foo } from "./foo"; // should error, suggest adding ".js"
                         ~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './foo.js'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './foo.js'?
     
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension5.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension5.errors.txt
index b4b0a89ae974f..2660f052ec9e7 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension5.errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension5.errors.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-/src/buzz.mts(2,8): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+/src/buzz.mts(2,8): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
 
 
 ==== /src/buzz.mts (1 errors) ====
     // Extensionless relative path dynamic import in an ES module
     import("./foo").then(x => x); // should error, ask for extension
            ~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
\ No newline at end of file
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension8.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension8.errors.txt
index c990522c6c707..b857c4d7fbc86 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension8.errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension8.errors.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-/src/bar.cts(2,8): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+/src/bar.cts(2,8): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
 
 
 ==== /src/bar.cts (1 errors) ====
     // Extensionless relative path dynamic import in a cjs module
     import("./foo").then(x => x); // should error, ask for extension
            ~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
\ No newline at end of file
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeAllowJsPackageSelfName(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeAllowJsPackageSelfName(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..bdf6aba250c51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeAllowJsPackageSelfName(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(2,23): error TS1471: Module 'package' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as self from "package";
+    self;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as self from "package";
+    self;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs (1 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as self from "package";
+                          ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'package' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    self;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": "./index.js"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeAllowJsPackageSelfName(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeAllowJsPackageSelfName(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..aeafa06e28154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeAllowJsPackageSelfName(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeAllowJsPackageSelfName.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+self;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+self;
+//// [index.cjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+self;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": "./index.js"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+self;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+self;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// esm format file
+const self = __importStar(require("package"));
+self;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeAllowJsPackageSelfName(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeAllowJsPackageSelfName(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..eb9fab3a89a50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeAllowJsPackageSelfName(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+>self : Symbol(self, Decl(index.js, 1, 6))
+
+self;
+>self : Symbol(self, Decl(index.js, 1, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs ===
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+>self : Symbol(self, Decl(index.mjs, 1, 6))
+
+self;
+>self : Symbol(self, Decl(index.mjs, 1, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs ===
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+>self : Symbol(self, Decl(index.cjs, 1, 6))
+
+self;
+>self : Symbol(self, Decl(index.cjs, 1, 6))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeAllowJsPackageSelfName(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeAllowJsPackageSelfName(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..894b0d651035f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeAllowJsPackageSelfName(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+>self : typeof self
+
+self;
+>self : typeof self
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs ===
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+>self : typeof self
+
+self;
+>self : typeof self
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs ===
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+>self : typeof self
+
+self;
+>self : typeof self
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModules1(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModules1(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e8bcd1c06a711
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModules1(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,564 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(2,21): error TS1471: Module './index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(3,21): error TS1471: Module './index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(6,21): error TS1471: Module './subfolder/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(9,21): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(11,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(12,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(15,22): error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(16,22): error TS1471: Module './index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(23,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(24,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(25,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(51,22): error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(52,22): error TS1471: Module './index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(59,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(60,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(61,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(75,21): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(76,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(77,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(78,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(79,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(80,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(81,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(82,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(83,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(84,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(85,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(14,22): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(15,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(16,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(17,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(18,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(19,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(20,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(21,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(22,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(23,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(24,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(50,22): error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(51,22): error TS1471: Module './index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(58,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(59,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(60,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(74,21): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(75,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(76,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(77,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(78,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(79,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(80,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(81,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(82,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(83,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(84,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(14,22): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(15,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(16,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(17,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(18,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(19,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(20,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(21,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(22,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(23,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(24,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(50,22): error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(51,22): error TS1471: Module './index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(58,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(59,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(60,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(74,21): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(75,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(76,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(77,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(78,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(79,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(80,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(81,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(82,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(83,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(84,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.cts (0 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.mts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.cts (0 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.mts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.mts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.cts (0 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts (27 errors) ====
+    import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+    import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+    import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+    import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+    import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+    import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+    import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+    import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+    import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+    import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+    import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+    import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+    // The next ones should all fail - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+    import * as m13 from "./";
+                         ~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+    import * as m14 from "./index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+    import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+    import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+    import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+    void m1;
+    void m2;
+    void m3;
+    void m4;
+    void m5;
+    void m6;
+    void m7;
+    void m8;
+    void m9;
+    void m10;
+    void m11;
+    void m12;
+    void m13;
+    void m14;
+    void m15;
+    void m16;
+    void m17;
+    void m18;
+    void m19;
+    void m20;
+    void m21;
+    void m22;
+    void m23;
+    
+    // These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+    import m24 = require("./");
+                         ~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m25 = require("./index");
+                         ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+    import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+    import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+    import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+    import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+    import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+    import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    void m24;
+    void m25;
+    void m26;
+    void m27;
+    void m28;
+    void m29;
+    void m30;
+    void m31;
+    void m32;
+    void m33;
+    void m34;
+    
+    // These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+    const _m35 = import("./");
+                        ~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+    const _m36 = import("./index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+    const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+    const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+    const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+    
+    // esm format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts (27 errors) ====
+    // ESM-format imports below should issue errors
+    import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+    import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+    import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+    import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+    import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+    import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+    // The next ones should _mostly_ work - cjs format files have index resolution and extension resolution (except for those which resolve to an esm format file)
+    import * as m13 from "./";
+                         ~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m14 from "./index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+    import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+    import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+    import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+    import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+    import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+    import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    void m1;
+    void m2;
+    void m3;
+    void m4;
+    void m5;
+    void m6;
+    void m7;
+    void m8;
+    void m9;
+    void m10;
+    void m11;
+    void m12;
+    void m13;
+    void m14;
+    void m15;
+    void m16;
+    void m17;
+    void m18;
+    void m19;
+    void m20;
+    void m21;
+    void m22;
+    void m23;
+    
+    // These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+    import m24 = require("./");
+                         ~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m25 = require("./index");
+                         ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+    import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+    import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+    import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+    import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+    import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+    import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    void m24;
+    void m25;
+    void m26;
+    void m27;
+    void m28;
+    void m29;
+    void m30;
+    void m31;
+    void m32;
+    void m33;
+    void m34;
+    
+    // These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+    const _m35 = import("./");
+                        ~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+    const _m36 = import("./index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+    const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+    const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+    const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (27 errors) ====
+    import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+    import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+    import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+    import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+    import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+    import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+    import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+    import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+    import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+    import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+    import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+    import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+    // The next ones shouldn't all work - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+    import * as m13 from "./";
+                         ~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+    import * as m14 from "./index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+    import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+    import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+    import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+    void m1;
+    void m2;
+    void m3;
+    void m4;
+    void m5;
+    void m6;
+    void m7;
+    void m8;
+    void m9;
+    void m10;
+    void m11;
+    void m12;
+    void m13;
+    void m14;
+    void m15;
+    void m16;
+    void m17;
+    void m18;
+    void m19;
+    void m20;
+    void m21;
+    void m22;
+    void m23;
+    
+    // These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+    import m24 = require("./");
+                         ~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m25 = require("./index");
+                         ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+    import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+    import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+    import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+    import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+    import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+    import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    void m24;
+    void m25;
+    void m26;
+    void m27;
+    void m28;
+    void m29;
+    void m30;
+    void m31;
+    void m32;
+    void m33;
+    void m34;
+    
+    // These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+    const _m35 = import("./");
+                        ~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+    const _m36 = import("./index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+    const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+    const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+    const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+    // esm format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "module"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModules1(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModules1(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5b6840498ef10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModules1(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,700 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModules1.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.cts]
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.mts]
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.ts]
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.cts]
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.mts]
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.mts]
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.cts]
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.mts]
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+// The next ones should all fail - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+import * as m13 from "./";
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+void m1;
+void m2;
+void m3;
+void m4;
+void m5;
+void m6;
+void m7;
+void m8;
+void m9;
+void m10;
+void m11;
+void m12;
+void m13;
+void m14;
+void m15;
+void m16;
+void m17;
+void m18;
+void m19;
+void m20;
+void m21;
+void m22;
+void m23;
+
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+import m24 = require("./");
+import m25 = require("./index");
+import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+void m24;
+void m25;
+void m26;
+void m27;
+void m28;
+void m29;
+void m30;
+void m31;
+void m32;
+void m33;
+void m34;
+
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.cts]
+// ESM-format imports below should issue errors
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+// The next ones should _mostly_ work - cjs format files have index resolution and extension resolution (except for those which resolve to an esm format file)
+import * as m13 from "./";
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+void m1;
+void m2;
+void m3;
+void m4;
+void m5;
+void m6;
+void m7;
+void m8;
+void m9;
+void m10;
+void m11;
+void m12;
+void m13;
+void m14;
+void m15;
+void m16;
+void m17;
+void m18;
+void m19;
+void m20;
+void m21;
+void m22;
+void m23;
+
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+import m24 = require("./");
+import m25 = require("./index");
+import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+void m24;
+void m25;
+void m26;
+void m27;
+void m28;
+void m29;
+void m30;
+void m31;
+void m32;
+void m33;
+void m34;
+
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.ts]
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+// The next ones shouldn't all work - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+import * as m13 from "./";
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+void m1;
+void m2;
+void m3;
+void m4;
+void m5;
+void m6;
+void m7;
+void m8;
+void m9;
+void m10;
+void m11;
+void m12;
+void m13;
+void m14;
+void m15;
+void m16;
+void m17;
+void m18;
+void m19;
+void m20;
+void m21;
+void m22;
+void m23;
+
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+import m24 = require("./");
+import m25 = require("./index");
+import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+void m24;
+void m25;
+void m26;
+void m27;
+void m28;
+void m29;
+void m30;
+void m31;
+void m32;
+void m33;
+void m34;
+
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "module"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// ESM-format imports below should issue errors
+const m1 = __importStar(require("./index.js"));
+const m2 = __importStar(require("./index.mjs"));
+const m3 = __importStar(require("./index.cjs"));
+const m4 = __importStar(require("./subfolder/index.js"));
+const m5 = __importStar(require("./subfolder/index.mjs"));
+const m6 = __importStar(require("./subfolder/index.cjs"));
+const m7 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/index.js"));
+const m8 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/index.mjs"));
+const m9 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/index.cjs"));
+const m10 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/another/index.js"));
+const m11 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/another/index.mjs"));
+const m12 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/another/index.cjs"));
+// The next ones should _mostly_ work - cjs format files have index resolution and extension resolution (except for those which resolve to an esm format file)
+const m13 = __importStar(require("./"));
+const m14 = __importStar(require("./index"));
+const m15 = __importStar(require("./subfolder"));
+const m16 = __importStar(require("./subfolder/"));
+const m17 = __importStar(require("./subfolder/index"));
+const m18 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2"));
+const m19 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/"));
+const m20 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/index"));
+const m21 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/another"));
+const m22 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/another/"));
+const m23 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/another/index"));
+void m1;
+void m2;
+void m3;
+void m4;
+void m5;
+void m6;
+void m7;
+void m8;
+void m9;
+void m10;
+void m11;
+void m12;
+void m13;
+void m14;
+void m15;
+void m16;
+void m17;
+void m18;
+void m19;
+void m20;
+void m21;
+void m22;
+void m23;
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+const m24 = require("./");
+const m25 = require("./index");
+const m26 = require("./subfolder");
+const m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+const m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+const m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+const m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+const m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+const m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+const m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+const m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+void m24;
+void m25;
+void m26;
+void m27;
+void m28;
+void m29;
+void m30;
+void m31;
+void m32;
+void m33;
+void m34;
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.js]
+import { createRequire as _createRequire } from "module";
+const __require = _createRequire(import.meta.url);
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+// The next ones shouldn't all work - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+import * as m13 from "./";
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+void m1;
+void m2;
+void m3;
+void m4;
+void m5;
+void m6;
+void m7;
+void m8;
+void m9;
+void m10;
+void m11;
+void m12;
+void m13;
+void m14;
+void m15;
+void m16;
+void m17;
+void m18;
+void m19;
+void m20;
+void m21;
+void m22;
+void m23;
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+const m24 = __require("./");
+const m25 = __require("./index");
+const m26 = __require("./subfolder");
+const m27 = __require("./subfolder/");
+const m28 = __require("./subfolder/index");
+const m29 = __require("./subfolder2");
+const m30 = __require("./subfolder2/");
+const m31 = __require("./subfolder2/index");
+const m32 = __require("./subfolder2/another");
+const m33 = __require("./subfolder2/another/");
+const m34 = __require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+void m24;
+void m25;
+void m26;
+void m27;
+void m28;
+void m29;
+void m30;
+void m31;
+void m32;
+void m33;
+void m34;
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.mjs]
+import { createRequire as _createRequire } from "module";
+const __require = _createRequire(import.meta.url);
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+// The next ones should all fail - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+import * as m13 from "./";
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+void m1;
+void m2;
+void m3;
+void m4;
+void m5;
+void m6;
+void m7;
+void m8;
+void m9;
+void m10;
+void m11;
+void m12;
+void m13;
+void m14;
+void m15;
+void m16;
+void m17;
+void m18;
+void m19;
+void m20;
+void m21;
+void m22;
+void m23;
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+const m24 = __require("./");
+const m25 = __require("./index");
+const m26 = __require("./subfolder");
+const m27 = __require("./subfolder/");
+const m28 = __require("./subfolder/index");
+const m29 = __require("./subfolder2");
+const m30 = __require("./subfolder2/");
+const m31 = __require("./subfolder2/index");
+const m32 = __require("./subfolder2/another");
+const m33 = __require("./subfolder2/another/");
+const m34 = __require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+void m24;
+void m25;
+void m26;
+void m27;
+void m28;
+void m29;
+void m30;
+void m31;
+void m32;
+void m33;
+void m34;
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export { x };
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+declare const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.cts]
+declare const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.mts]
+declare const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.ts]
+declare const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.cts]
+declare const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.mts]
+declare const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.ts]
+declare const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.mts]
+declare const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.cts]
+declare const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.cts]
+declare const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.ts]
+declare const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.mts]
+declare const x = 1;
+export { x };
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModules1(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModules1(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..287b1e895d1a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModules1(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,817 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cts, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mts, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cts, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mts, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mts, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cts, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+>m1 : Symbol(m1, Decl(index.mts, 0, 6))
+
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+>m2 : Symbol(m2, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+>m3 : Symbol(m3, Decl(index.mts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+>m4 : Symbol(m4, Decl(index.mts, 3, 6))
+
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+>m5 : Symbol(m5, Decl(index.mts, 4, 6))
+
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+>m6 : Symbol(m6, Decl(index.mts, 5, 6))
+
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+>m7 : Symbol(m7, Decl(index.mts, 6, 6))
+
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+>m8 : Symbol(m8, Decl(index.mts, 7, 6))
+
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+>m9 : Symbol(m9, Decl(index.mts, 8, 6))
+
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+>m10 : Symbol(m10, Decl(index.mts, 9, 6))
+
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+>m11 : Symbol(m11, Decl(index.mts, 10, 6))
+
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+>m12 : Symbol(m12, Decl(index.mts, 11, 6))
+
+// The next ones should all fail - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+import * as m13 from "./";
+>m13 : Symbol(m13, Decl(index.mts, 13, 6))
+
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+>m14 : Symbol(m14, Decl(index.mts, 14, 6))
+
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+>m15 : Symbol(m15, Decl(index.mts, 15, 6))
+
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+>m16 : Symbol(m16, Decl(index.mts, 16, 6))
+
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+>m17 : Symbol(m17, Decl(index.mts, 17, 6))
+
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+>m18 : Symbol(m18, Decl(index.mts, 18, 6))
+
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+>m19 : Symbol(m19, Decl(index.mts, 19, 6))
+
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+>m20 : Symbol(m20, Decl(index.mts, 20, 6))
+
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+>m21 : Symbol(m21, Decl(index.mts, 21, 6))
+
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+>m22 : Symbol(m22, Decl(index.mts, 22, 6))
+
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+>m23 : Symbol(m23, Decl(index.mts, 23, 6))
+
+void m1;
+>m1 : Symbol(m1, Decl(index.mts, 0, 6))
+
+void m2;
+>m2 : Symbol(m2, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+void m3;
+>m3 : Symbol(m3, Decl(index.mts, 2, 6))
+
+void m4;
+>m4 : Symbol(m4, Decl(index.mts, 3, 6))
+
+void m5;
+>m5 : Symbol(m5, Decl(index.mts, 4, 6))
+
+void m6;
+>m6 : Symbol(m6, Decl(index.mts, 5, 6))
+
+void m7;
+>m7 : Symbol(m7, Decl(index.mts, 6, 6))
+
+void m8;
+>m8 : Symbol(m8, Decl(index.mts, 7, 6))
+
+void m9;
+>m9 : Symbol(m9, Decl(index.mts, 8, 6))
+
+void m10;
+>m10 : Symbol(m10, Decl(index.mts, 9, 6))
+
+void m11;
+>m11 : Symbol(m11, Decl(index.mts, 10, 6))
+
+void m12;
+>m12 : Symbol(m12, Decl(index.mts, 11, 6))
+
+void m13;
+>m13 : Symbol(m13, Decl(index.mts, 13, 6))
+
+void m14;
+>m14 : Symbol(m14, Decl(index.mts, 14, 6))
+
+void m15;
+>m15 : Symbol(m15, Decl(index.mts, 15, 6))
+
+void m16;
+>m16 : Symbol(m16, Decl(index.mts, 16, 6))
+
+void m17;
+>m17 : Symbol(m17, Decl(index.mts, 17, 6))
+
+void m18;
+>m18 : Symbol(m18, Decl(index.mts, 18, 6))
+
+void m19;
+>m19 : Symbol(m19, Decl(index.mts, 19, 6))
+
+void m20;
+>m20 : Symbol(m20, Decl(index.mts, 20, 6))
+
+void m21;
+>m21 : Symbol(m21, Decl(index.mts, 21, 6))
+
+void m22;
+>m22 : Symbol(m22, Decl(index.mts, 22, 6))
+
+void m23;
+>m23 : Symbol(m23, Decl(index.mts, 23, 6))
+
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+import m24 = require("./");
+>m24 : Symbol(m24, Decl(index.mts, 46, 9))
+
+import m25 = require("./index");
+>m25 : Symbol(m25, Decl(index.mts, 49, 27))
+
+import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+>m26 : Symbol(m26, Decl(index.mts, 50, 32))
+
+import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+>m27 : Symbol(m27, Decl(index.mts, 51, 36))
+
+import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+>m28 : Symbol(m28, Decl(index.mts, 52, 37))
+
+import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+>m29 : Symbol(m29, Decl(index.mts, 53, 42))
+
+import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+>m30 : Symbol(m30, Decl(index.mts, 54, 37))
+
+import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+>m31 : Symbol(m31, Decl(index.mts, 55, 38))
+
+import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+>m32 : Symbol(m32, Decl(index.mts, 56, 43))
+
+import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+>m33 : Symbol(m33, Decl(index.mts, 57, 45))
+
+import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>m34 : Symbol(m34, Decl(index.mts, 58, 46))
+
+void m24;
+>m24 : Symbol(m24, Decl(index.mts, 46, 9))
+
+void m25;
+>m25 : Symbol(m25, Decl(index.mts, 49, 27))
+
+void m26;
+>m26 : Symbol(m26, Decl(index.mts, 50, 32))
+
+void m27;
+>m27 : Symbol(m27, Decl(index.mts, 51, 36))
+
+void m28;
+>m28 : Symbol(m28, Decl(index.mts, 52, 37))
+
+void m29;
+>m29 : Symbol(m29, Decl(index.mts, 53, 42))
+
+void m30;
+>m30 : Symbol(m30, Decl(index.mts, 54, 37))
+
+void m31;
+>m31 : Symbol(m31, Decl(index.mts, 55, 38))
+
+void m32;
+>m32 : Symbol(m32, Decl(index.mts, 56, 43))
+
+void m33;
+>m33 : Symbol(m33, Decl(index.mts, 57, 45))
+
+void m34;
+>m34 : Symbol(m34, Decl(index.mts, 58, 46))
+
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+>_m35 : Symbol(_m35, Decl(index.mts, 73, 5))
+
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+>_m36 : Symbol(_m36, Decl(index.mts, 74, 5))
+
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+>_m37 : Symbol(_m37, Decl(index.mts, 75, 5))
+
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+>_m38 : Symbol(_m38, Decl(index.mts, 76, 5))
+
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+>_m39 : Symbol(_m39, Decl(index.mts, 77, 5))
+
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+>_m40 : Symbol(_m40, Decl(index.mts, 78, 5))
+
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+>_m41 : Symbol(_m41, Decl(index.mts, 79, 5))
+
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+>_m42 : Symbol(_m42, Decl(index.mts, 80, 5))
+
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+>_m43 : Symbol(_m43, Decl(index.mts, 81, 5))
+
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+>_m44 : Symbol(_m44, Decl(index.mts, 82, 5))
+
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>_m45 : Symbol(_m45, Decl(index.mts, 83, 5))
+
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mts, 86, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(m2.x, Decl(index.mts, 87, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// ESM-format imports below should issue errors
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+>m1 : Symbol(m1, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+>m2 : Symbol(m2, Decl(index.cts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+>m3 : Symbol(m3, Decl(index.cts, 3, 6))
+
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+>m4 : Symbol(m4, Decl(index.cts, 4, 6))
+
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+>m5 : Symbol(m5, Decl(index.cts, 5, 6))
+
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+>m6 : Symbol(m6, Decl(index.cts, 6, 6))
+
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+>m7 : Symbol(m7, Decl(index.cts, 7, 6))
+
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+>m8 : Symbol(m8, Decl(index.cts, 8, 6))
+
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+>m9 : Symbol(m9, Decl(index.cts, 9, 6))
+
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+>m10 : Symbol(m10, Decl(index.cts, 10, 6))
+
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+>m11 : Symbol(m11, Decl(index.cts, 11, 6))
+
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+>m12 : Symbol(m12, Decl(index.cts, 12, 6))
+
+// The next ones should _mostly_ work - cjs format files have index resolution and extension resolution (except for those which resolve to an esm format file)
+import * as m13 from "./";
+>m13 : Symbol(m13, Decl(index.cts, 14, 6))
+
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+>m14 : Symbol(m14, Decl(index.cts, 15, 6))
+
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+>m15 : Symbol(m15, Decl(index.cts, 16, 6))
+
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+>m16 : Symbol(m16, Decl(index.cts, 17, 6))
+
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+>m17 : Symbol(m17, Decl(index.cts, 18, 6))
+
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+>m18 : Symbol(m18, Decl(index.cts, 19, 6))
+
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+>m19 : Symbol(m19, Decl(index.cts, 20, 6))
+
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+>m20 : Symbol(m20, Decl(index.cts, 21, 6))
+
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+>m21 : Symbol(m21, Decl(index.cts, 22, 6))
+
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+>m22 : Symbol(m22, Decl(index.cts, 23, 6))
+
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+>m23 : Symbol(m23, Decl(index.cts, 24, 6))
+
+void m1;
+>m1 : Symbol(m1, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+void m2;
+>m2 : Symbol(m2, Decl(index.cts, 2, 6))
+
+void m3;
+>m3 : Symbol(m3, Decl(index.cts, 3, 6))
+
+void m4;
+>m4 : Symbol(m4, Decl(index.cts, 4, 6))
+
+void m5;
+>m5 : Symbol(m5, Decl(index.cts, 5, 6))
+
+void m6;
+>m6 : Symbol(m6, Decl(index.cts, 6, 6))
+
+void m7;
+>m7 : Symbol(m7, Decl(index.cts, 7, 6))
+
+void m8;
+>m8 : Symbol(m8, Decl(index.cts, 8, 6))
+
+void m9;
+>m9 : Symbol(m9, Decl(index.cts, 9, 6))
+
+void m10;
+>m10 : Symbol(m10, Decl(index.cts, 10, 6))
+
+void m11;
+>m11 : Symbol(m11, Decl(index.cts, 11, 6))
+
+void m12;
+>m12 : Symbol(m12, Decl(index.cts, 12, 6))
+
+void m13;
+>m13 : Symbol(m13, Decl(index.cts, 14, 6))
+
+void m14;
+>m14 : Symbol(m14, Decl(index.cts, 15, 6))
+
+void m15;
+>m15 : Symbol(m15, Decl(index.cts, 16, 6))
+
+void m16;
+>m16 : Symbol(m16, Decl(index.cts, 17, 6))
+
+void m17;
+>m17 : Symbol(m17, Decl(index.cts, 18, 6))
+
+void m18;
+>m18 : Symbol(m18, Decl(index.cts, 19, 6))
+
+void m19;
+>m19 : Symbol(m19, Decl(index.cts, 20, 6))
+
+void m20;
+>m20 : Symbol(m20, Decl(index.cts, 21, 6))
+
+void m21;
+>m21 : Symbol(m21, Decl(index.cts, 22, 6))
+
+void m22;
+>m22 : Symbol(m22, Decl(index.cts, 23, 6))
+
+void m23;
+>m23 : Symbol(m23, Decl(index.cts, 24, 6))
+
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+import m24 = require("./");
+>m24 : Symbol(m24, Decl(index.cts, 47, 9))
+
+import m25 = require("./index");
+>m25 : Symbol(m25, Decl(index.cts, 50, 27))
+
+import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+>m26 : Symbol(m26, Decl(index.cts, 51, 32))
+
+import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+>m27 : Symbol(m27, Decl(index.cts, 52, 36))
+
+import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+>m28 : Symbol(m28, Decl(index.cts, 53, 37))
+
+import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+>m29 : Symbol(m29, Decl(index.cts, 54, 42))
+
+import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+>m30 : Symbol(m30, Decl(index.cts, 55, 37))
+
+import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+>m31 : Symbol(m31, Decl(index.cts, 56, 38))
+
+import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+>m32 : Symbol(m32, Decl(index.cts, 57, 43))
+
+import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+>m33 : Symbol(m33, Decl(index.cts, 58, 45))
+
+import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>m34 : Symbol(m34, Decl(index.cts, 59, 46))
+
+void m24;
+>m24 : Symbol(m24, Decl(index.cts, 47, 9))
+
+void m25;
+>m25 : Symbol(m25, Decl(index.cts, 50, 27))
+
+void m26;
+>m26 : Symbol(m26, Decl(index.cts, 51, 32))
+
+void m27;
+>m27 : Symbol(m27, Decl(index.cts, 52, 36))
+
+void m28;
+>m28 : Symbol(m28, Decl(index.cts, 53, 37))
+
+void m29;
+>m29 : Symbol(m29, Decl(index.cts, 54, 42))
+
+void m30;
+>m30 : Symbol(m30, Decl(index.cts, 55, 37))
+
+void m31;
+>m31 : Symbol(m31, Decl(index.cts, 56, 38))
+
+void m32;
+>m32 : Symbol(m32, Decl(index.cts, 57, 43))
+
+void m33;
+>m33 : Symbol(m33, Decl(index.cts, 58, 45))
+
+void m34;
+>m34 : Symbol(m34, Decl(index.cts, 59, 46))
+
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+>_m35 : Symbol(_m35, Decl(index.cts, 74, 5))
+
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+>_m36 : Symbol(_m36, Decl(index.cts, 75, 5))
+
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+>_m37 : Symbol(_m37, Decl(index.cts, 76, 5))
+
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+>_m38 : Symbol(_m38, Decl(index.cts, 77, 5))
+
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+>_m39 : Symbol(_m39, Decl(index.cts, 78, 5))
+
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+>_m40 : Symbol(_m40, Decl(index.cts, 79, 5))
+
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+>_m41 : Symbol(_m41, Decl(index.cts, 80, 5))
+
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+>_m42 : Symbol(_m42, Decl(index.cts, 81, 5))
+
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+>_m43 : Symbol(_m43, Decl(index.cts, 82, 5))
+
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+>_m44 : Symbol(_m44, Decl(index.cts, 83, 5))
+
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>_m45 : Symbol(_m45, Decl(index.cts, 84, 5))
+
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cts, 86, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(m3.x, Decl(index.cts, 87, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+>m1 : Symbol(m1, Decl(index.ts, 0, 6))
+
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+>m2 : Symbol(m2, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+>m3 : Symbol(m3, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+>m4 : Symbol(m4, Decl(index.ts, 3, 6))
+
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+>m5 : Symbol(m5, Decl(index.ts, 4, 6))
+
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+>m6 : Symbol(m6, Decl(index.ts, 5, 6))
+
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+>m7 : Symbol(m7, Decl(index.ts, 6, 6))
+
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+>m8 : Symbol(m8, Decl(index.ts, 7, 6))
+
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+>m9 : Symbol(m9, Decl(index.ts, 8, 6))
+
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+>m10 : Symbol(m10, Decl(index.ts, 9, 6))
+
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+>m11 : Symbol(m11, Decl(index.ts, 10, 6))
+
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+>m12 : Symbol(m12, Decl(index.ts, 11, 6))
+
+// The next ones shouldn't all work - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+import * as m13 from "./";
+>m13 : Symbol(m13, Decl(index.ts, 13, 6))
+
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+>m14 : Symbol(m14, Decl(index.ts, 14, 6))
+
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+>m15 : Symbol(m15, Decl(index.ts, 15, 6))
+
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+>m16 : Symbol(m16, Decl(index.ts, 16, 6))
+
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+>m17 : Symbol(m17, Decl(index.ts, 17, 6))
+
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+>m18 : Symbol(m18, Decl(index.ts, 18, 6))
+
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+>m19 : Symbol(m19, Decl(index.ts, 19, 6))
+
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+>m20 : Symbol(m20, Decl(index.ts, 20, 6))
+
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+>m21 : Symbol(m21, Decl(index.ts, 21, 6))
+
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+>m22 : Symbol(m22, Decl(index.ts, 22, 6))
+
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+>m23 : Symbol(m23, Decl(index.ts, 23, 6))
+
+void m1;
+>m1 : Symbol(m1, Decl(index.ts, 0, 6))
+
+void m2;
+>m2 : Symbol(m2, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+void m3;
+>m3 : Symbol(m3, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+void m4;
+>m4 : Symbol(m4, Decl(index.ts, 3, 6))
+
+void m5;
+>m5 : Symbol(m5, Decl(index.ts, 4, 6))
+
+void m6;
+>m6 : Symbol(m6, Decl(index.ts, 5, 6))
+
+void m7;
+>m7 : Symbol(m7, Decl(index.ts, 6, 6))
+
+void m8;
+>m8 : Symbol(m8, Decl(index.ts, 7, 6))
+
+void m9;
+>m9 : Symbol(m9, Decl(index.ts, 8, 6))
+
+void m10;
+>m10 : Symbol(m10, Decl(index.ts, 9, 6))
+
+void m11;
+>m11 : Symbol(m11, Decl(index.ts, 10, 6))
+
+void m12;
+>m12 : Symbol(m12, Decl(index.ts, 11, 6))
+
+void m13;
+>m13 : Symbol(m13, Decl(index.ts, 13, 6))
+
+void m14;
+>m14 : Symbol(m14, Decl(index.ts, 14, 6))
+
+void m15;
+>m15 : Symbol(m15, Decl(index.ts, 15, 6))
+
+void m16;
+>m16 : Symbol(m16, Decl(index.ts, 16, 6))
+
+void m17;
+>m17 : Symbol(m17, Decl(index.ts, 17, 6))
+
+void m18;
+>m18 : Symbol(m18, Decl(index.ts, 18, 6))
+
+void m19;
+>m19 : Symbol(m19, Decl(index.ts, 19, 6))
+
+void m20;
+>m20 : Symbol(m20, Decl(index.ts, 20, 6))
+
+void m21;
+>m21 : Symbol(m21, Decl(index.ts, 21, 6))
+
+void m22;
+>m22 : Symbol(m22, Decl(index.ts, 22, 6))
+
+void m23;
+>m23 : Symbol(m23, Decl(index.ts, 23, 6))
+
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+import m24 = require("./");
+>m24 : Symbol(m24, Decl(index.ts, 46, 9))
+
+import m25 = require("./index");
+>m25 : Symbol(m25, Decl(index.ts, 49, 27))
+
+import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+>m26 : Symbol(m26, Decl(index.ts, 50, 32))
+
+import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+>m27 : Symbol(m27, Decl(index.ts, 51, 36))
+
+import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+>m28 : Symbol(m28, Decl(index.ts, 52, 37))
+
+import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+>m29 : Symbol(m29, Decl(index.ts, 53, 42))
+
+import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+>m30 : Symbol(m30, Decl(index.ts, 54, 37))
+
+import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+>m31 : Symbol(m31, Decl(index.ts, 55, 38))
+
+import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+>m32 : Symbol(m32, Decl(index.ts, 56, 43))
+
+import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+>m33 : Symbol(m33, Decl(index.ts, 57, 45))
+
+import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>m34 : Symbol(m34, Decl(index.ts, 58, 46))
+
+void m24;
+>m24 : Symbol(m24, Decl(index.ts, 46, 9))
+
+void m25;
+>m25 : Symbol(m25, Decl(index.ts, 49, 27))
+
+void m26;
+>m26 : Symbol(m26, Decl(index.ts, 50, 32))
+
+void m27;
+>m27 : Symbol(m27, Decl(index.ts, 51, 36))
+
+void m28;
+>m28 : Symbol(m28, Decl(index.ts, 52, 37))
+
+void m29;
+>m29 : Symbol(m29, Decl(index.ts, 53, 42))
+
+void m30;
+>m30 : Symbol(m30, Decl(index.ts, 54, 37))
+
+void m31;
+>m31 : Symbol(m31, Decl(index.ts, 55, 38))
+
+void m32;
+>m32 : Symbol(m32, Decl(index.ts, 56, 43))
+
+void m33;
+>m33 : Symbol(m33, Decl(index.ts, 57, 45))
+
+void m34;
+>m34 : Symbol(m34, Decl(index.ts, 58, 46))
+
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+>_m35 : Symbol(_m35, Decl(index.ts, 73, 5))
+
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+>_m36 : Symbol(_m36, Decl(index.ts, 74, 5))
+
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+>_m37 : Symbol(_m37, Decl(index.ts, 75, 5))
+
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+>_m38 : Symbol(_m38, Decl(index.ts, 76, 5))
+
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+>_m39 : Symbol(_m39, Decl(index.ts, 77, 5))
+
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+>_m40 : Symbol(_m40, Decl(index.ts, 78, 5))
+
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+>_m41 : Symbol(_m41, Decl(index.ts, 79, 5))
+
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+>_m42 : Symbol(_m42, Decl(index.ts, 80, 5))
+
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+>_m43 : Symbol(_m43, Decl(index.ts, 81, 5))
+
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+>_m44 : Symbol(_m44, Decl(index.ts, 82, 5))
+
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>_m45 : Symbol(_m45, Decl(index.ts, 83, 5))
+
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 85, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(m1.x, Decl(index.ts, 86, 8))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModules1(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModules1(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9f52683c7d748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModules1(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,997 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+>m1 : typeof m1
+
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+>m2 : typeof m2
+
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+>m3 : typeof m3
+
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+>m4 : typeof m4
+
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+>m5 : typeof m5
+
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+>m6 : typeof m6
+
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+>m7 : typeof m7
+
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+>m8 : typeof m8
+
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+>m9 : typeof m9
+
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+>m10 : typeof m10
+
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+>m11 : typeof m11
+
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+>m12 : typeof m12
+
+// The next ones should all fail - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+import * as m13 from "./";
+>m13 : any
+
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+>m14 : any
+
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+>m15 : any
+
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+>m16 : any
+
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+>m17 : any
+
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+>m18 : any
+
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+>m19 : any
+
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+>m20 : any
+
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+>m21 : any
+
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+>m22 : any
+
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+>m23 : any
+
+void m1;
+>void m1 : undefined
+>m1 : typeof m1
+
+void m2;
+>void m2 : undefined
+>m2 : typeof m2
+
+void m3;
+>void m3 : undefined
+>m3 : typeof m3
+
+void m4;
+>void m4 : undefined
+>m4 : typeof m4
+
+void m5;
+>void m5 : undefined
+>m5 : typeof m5
+
+void m6;
+>void m6 : undefined
+>m6 : typeof m6
+
+void m7;
+>void m7 : undefined
+>m7 : typeof m7
+
+void m8;
+>void m8 : undefined
+>m8 : typeof m8
+
+void m9;
+>void m9 : undefined
+>m9 : typeof m9
+
+void m10;
+>void m10 : undefined
+>m10 : typeof m10
+
+void m11;
+>void m11 : undefined
+>m11 : typeof m11
+
+void m12;
+>void m12 : undefined
+>m12 : typeof m12
+
+void m13;
+>void m13 : undefined
+>m13 : any
+
+void m14;
+>void m14 : undefined
+>m14 : any
+
+void m15;
+>void m15 : undefined
+>m15 : any
+
+void m16;
+>void m16 : undefined
+>m16 : any
+
+void m17;
+>void m17 : undefined
+>m17 : any
+
+void m18;
+>void m18 : undefined
+>m18 : any
+
+void m19;
+>void m19 : undefined
+>m19 : any
+
+void m20;
+>void m20 : undefined
+>m20 : any
+
+void m21;
+>void m21 : undefined
+>m21 : any
+
+void m22;
+>void m22 : undefined
+>m22 : any
+
+void m23;
+>void m23 : undefined
+>m23 : any
+
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+import m24 = require("./");
+>m24 : typeof m1
+
+import m25 = require("./index");
+>m25 : typeof m1
+
+import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+>m26 : typeof m26
+
+import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+>m27 : typeof m26
+
+import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+>m28 : typeof m26
+
+import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+>m29 : typeof m29
+
+import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+>m30 : typeof m29
+
+import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+>m31 : typeof m29
+
+import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+>m32 : typeof m10
+
+import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+>m33 : typeof m10
+
+import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>m34 : typeof m10
+
+void m24;
+>void m24 : undefined
+>m24 : typeof m1
+
+void m25;
+>void m25 : undefined
+>m25 : typeof m1
+
+void m26;
+>void m26 : undefined
+>m26 : typeof m26
+
+void m27;
+>void m27 : undefined
+>m27 : typeof m26
+
+void m28;
+>void m28 : undefined
+>m28 : typeof m26
+
+void m29;
+>void m29 : undefined
+>m29 : typeof m29
+
+void m30;
+>void m30 : undefined
+>m30 : typeof m29
+
+void m31;
+>void m31 : undefined
+>m31 : typeof m29
+
+void m32;
+>void m32 : undefined
+>m32 : typeof m10
+
+void m33;
+>void m33 : undefined
+>m33 : typeof m10
+
+void m34;
+>void m34 : undefined
+>m34 : typeof m10
+
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+>_m35 : Promise<any>
+>import("./") : Promise<any>
+>"./" : "./"
+
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+>_m36 : Promise<any>
+>import("./index") : Promise<any>
+>"./index" : "./index"
+
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+>_m37 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder" : "./subfolder"
+
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+>_m38 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder/") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder/" : "./subfolder/"
+
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+>_m39 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder/index") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder/index" : "./subfolder/index"
+
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+>_m40 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2" : "./subfolder2"
+
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+>_m41 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/" : "./subfolder2/"
+
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+>_m42 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/index") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/index" : "./subfolder2/index"
+
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+>_m43 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/another") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/another" : "./subfolder2/another"
+
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+>_m44 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/another/") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/another/" : "./subfolder2/another/"
+
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>_m45 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/another/index") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/another/index" : "./subfolder2/another/index"
+
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// ESM-format imports below should issue errors
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+>m1 : typeof m1
+
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+>m2 : typeof m2
+
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+>m3 : typeof m3
+
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+>m4 : typeof m4
+
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+>m5 : typeof m5
+
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+>m6 : typeof m6
+
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+>m7 : typeof m7
+
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+>m8 : typeof m8
+
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+>m9 : typeof m9
+
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+>m10 : typeof m10
+
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+>m11 : typeof m11
+
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+>m12 : typeof m12
+
+// The next ones should _mostly_ work - cjs format files have index resolution and extension resolution (except for those which resolve to an esm format file)
+import * as m13 from "./";
+>m13 : typeof m1
+
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+>m14 : typeof m1
+
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+>m15 : typeof m4
+
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+>m16 : typeof m4
+
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+>m17 : typeof m4
+
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+>m18 : typeof m7
+
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+>m19 : typeof m7
+
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+>m20 : typeof m7
+
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+>m21 : typeof m10
+
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+>m22 : typeof m10
+
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+>m23 : typeof m10
+
+void m1;
+>void m1 : undefined
+>m1 : typeof m1
+
+void m2;
+>void m2 : undefined
+>m2 : typeof m2
+
+void m3;
+>void m3 : undefined
+>m3 : typeof m3
+
+void m4;
+>void m4 : undefined
+>m4 : typeof m4
+
+void m5;
+>void m5 : undefined
+>m5 : typeof m5
+
+void m6;
+>void m6 : undefined
+>m6 : typeof m6
+
+void m7;
+>void m7 : undefined
+>m7 : typeof m7
+
+void m8;
+>void m8 : undefined
+>m8 : typeof m8
+
+void m9;
+>void m9 : undefined
+>m9 : typeof m9
+
+void m10;
+>void m10 : undefined
+>m10 : typeof m10
+
+void m11;
+>void m11 : undefined
+>m11 : typeof m11
+
+void m12;
+>void m12 : undefined
+>m12 : typeof m12
+
+void m13;
+>void m13 : undefined
+>m13 : typeof m1
+
+void m14;
+>void m14 : undefined
+>m14 : typeof m1
+
+void m15;
+>void m15 : undefined
+>m15 : typeof m4
+
+void m16;
+>void m16 : undefined
+>m16 : typeof m4
+
+void m17;
+>void m17 : undefined
+>m17 : typeof m4
+
+void m18;
+>void m18 : undefined
+>m18 : typeof m7
+
+void m19;
+>void m19 : undefined
+>m19 : typeof m7
+
+void m20;
+>void m20 : undefined
+>m20 : typeof m7
+
+void m21;
+>void m21 : undefined
+>m21 : typeof m10
+
+void m22;
+>void m22 : undefined
+>m22 : typeof m10
+
+void m23;
+>void m23 : undefined
+>m23 : typeof m10
+
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+import m24 = require("./");
+>m24 : typeof m1
+
+import m25 = require("./index");
+>m25 : typeof m1
+
+import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+>m26 : typeof m4
+
+import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+>m27 : typeof m4
+
+import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+>m28 : typeof m4
+
+import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+>m29 : typeof m7
+
+import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+>m30 : typeof m7
+
+import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+>m31 : typeof m7
+
+import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+>m32 : typeof m10
+
+import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+>m33 : typeof m10
+
+import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>m34 : typeof m10
+
+void m24;
+>void m24 : undefined
+>m24 : typeof m1
+
+void m25;
+>void m25 : undefined
+>m25 : typeof m1
+
+void m26;
+>void m26 : undefined
+>m26 : typeof m4
+
+void m27;
+>void m27 : undefined
+>m27 : typeof m4
+
+void m28;
+>void m28 : undefined
+>m28 : typeof m4
+
+void m29;
+>void m29 : undefined
+>m29 : typeof m7
+
+void m30;
+>void m30 : undefined
+>m30 : typeof m7
+
+void m31;
+>void m31 : undefined
+>m31 : typeof m7
+
+void m32;
+>void m32 : undefined
+>m32 : typeof m10
+
+void m33;
+>void m33 : undefined
+>m33 : typeof m10
+
+void m34;
+>void m34 : undefined
+>m34 : typeof m10
+
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+>_m35 : Promise<any>
+>import("./") : Promise<any>
+>"./" : "./"
+
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+>_m36 : Promise<any>
+>import("./index") : Promise<any>
+>"./index" : "./index"
+
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+>_m37 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder" : "./subfolder"
+
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+>_m38 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder/") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder/" : "./subfolder/"
+
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+>_m39 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder/index") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder/index" : "./subfolder/index"
+
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+>_m40 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2" : "./subfolder2"
+
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+>_m41 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/" : "./subfolder2/"
+
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+>_m42 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/index") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/index" : "./subfolder2/index"
+
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+>_m43 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/another") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/another" : "./subfolder2/another"
+
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+>_m44 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/another/") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/another/" : "./subfolder2/another/"
+
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>_m45 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/another/index") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/another/index" : "./subfolder2/another/index"
+
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+>m1 : typeof m1
+
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+>m2 : typeof m2
+
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+>m3 : typeof m3
+
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+>m4 : typeof m4
+
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+>m5 : typeof m5
+
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+>m6 : typeof m6
+
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+>m7 : typeof m7
+
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+>m8 : typeof m8
+
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+>m9 : typeof m9
+
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+>m10 : typeof m10
+
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+>m11 : typeof m11
+
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+>m12 : typeof m12
+
+// The next ones shouldn't all work - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+import * as m13 from "./";
+>m13 : any
+
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+>m14 : any
+
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+>m15 : any
+
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+>m16 : any
+
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+>m17 : any
+
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+>m18 : any
+
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+>m19 : any
+
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+>m20 : any
+
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+>m21 : any
+
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+>m22 : any
+
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+>m23 : any
+
+void m1;
+>void m1 : undefined
+>m1 : typeof m1
+
+void m2;
+>void m2 : undefined
+>m2 : typeof m2
+
+void m3;
+>void m3 : undefined
+>m3 : typeof m3
+
+void m4;
+>void m4 : undefined
+>m4 : typeof m4
+
+void m5;
+>void m5 : undefined
+>m5 : typeof m5
+
+void m6;
+>void m6 : undefined
+>m6 : typeof m6
+
+void m7;
+>void m7 : undefined
+>m7 : typeof m7
+
+void m8;
+>void m8 : undefined
+>m8 : typeof m8
+
+void m9;
+>void m9 : undefined
+>m9 : typeof m9
+
+void m10;
+>void m10 : undefined
+>m10 : typeof m10
+
+void m11;
+>void m11 : undefined
+>m11 : typeof m11
+
+void m12;
+>void m12 : undefined
+>m12 : typeof m12
+
+void m13;
+>void m13 : undefined
+>m13 : any
+
+void m14;
+>void m14 : undefined
+>m14 : any
+
+void m15;
+>void m15 : undefined
+>m15 : any
+
+void m16;
+>void m16 : undefined
+>m16 : any
+
+void m17;
+>void m17 : undefined
+>m17 : any
+
+void m18;
+>void m18 : undefined
+>m18 : any
+
+void m19;
+>void m19 : undefined
+>m19 : any
+
+void m20;
+>void m20 : undefined
+>m20 : any
+
+void m21;
+>void m21 : undefined
+>m21 : any
+
+void m22;
+>void m22 : undefined
+>m22 : any
+
+void m23;
+>void m23 : undefined
+>m23 : any
+
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+import m24 = require("./");
+>m24 : typeof m1
+
+import m25 = require("./index");
+>m25 : typeof m1
+
+import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+>m26 : typeof m26
+
+import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+>m27 : typeof m26
+
+import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+>m28 : typeof m26
+
+import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+>m29 : typeof m29
+
+import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+>m30 : typeof m29
+
+import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+>m31 : typeof m29
+
+import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+>m32 : typeof m10
+
+import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+>m33 : typeof m10
+
+import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>m34 : typeof m10
+
+void m24;
+>void m24 : undefined
+>m24 : typeof m1
+
+void m25;
+>void m25 : undefined
+>m25 : typeof m1
+
+void m26;
+>void m26 : undefined
+>m26 : typeof m26
+
+void m27;
+>void m27 : undefined
+>m27 : typeof m26
+
+void m28;
+>void m28 : undefined
+>m28 : typeof m26
+
+void m29;
+>void m29 : undefined
+>m29 : typeof m29
+
+void m30;
+>void m30 : undefined
+>m30 : typeof m29
+
+void m31;
+>void m31 : undefined
+>m31 : typeof m29
+
+void m32;
+>void m32 : undefined
+>m32 : typeof m10
+
+void m33;
+>void m33 : undefined
+>m33 : typeof m10
+
+void m34;
+>void m34 : undefined
+>m34 : typeof m10
+
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+>_m35 : Promise<any>
+>import("./") : Promise<any>
+>"./" : "./"
+
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+>_m36 : Promise<any>
+>import("./index") : Promise<any>
+>"./index" : "./index"
+
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+>_m37 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder" : "./subfolder"
+
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+>_m38 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder/") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder/" : "./subfolder/"
+
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+>_m39 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder/index") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder/index" : "./subfolder/index"
+
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+>_m40 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2" : "./subfolder2"
+
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+>_m41 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/" : "./subfolder2/"
+
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+>_m42 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/index") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/index" : "./subfolder2/index"
+
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+>_m43 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/another") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/another" : "./subfolder2/another"
+
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+>_m44 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/another/") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/another/" : "./subfolder2/another/"
+
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>_m45 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/another/index") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/another/index" : "./subfolder2/another/index"
+
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModules1(module=nodenext).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModules1(module=nodenext).errors.txt
index 724e3b73ed7b2..e8bcd1c06a711 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModules1(module=nodenext).errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModules1(module=nodenext).errors.txt
@@ -15,70 +15,70 @@ tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(59,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder
 tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(60,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(61,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(75,21): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(76,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(77,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(78,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(79,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(80,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(81,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(82,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(83,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(84,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(85,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(76,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(77,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(78,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(79,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(80,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(81,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(82,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(83,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(84,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(85,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
 tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(14,22): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(15,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(16,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(17,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(18,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(19,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(20,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(21,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(22,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(23,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(24,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(15,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(16,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(17,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(18,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(19,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(20,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(21,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(22,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(23,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(24,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
 tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(50,22): error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(51,22): error TS1471: Module './index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(58,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(59,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(60,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(74,21): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(75,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(76,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(77,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(78,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(79,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(80,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(81,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(82,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(83,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(84,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(75,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(76,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(77,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(78,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(79,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(80,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(81,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(82,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(83,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(84,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
 tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(14,22): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(15,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(16,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(17,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(18,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(19,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(20,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(21,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(22,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(23,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(24,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(15,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(16,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(17,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(18,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(19,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(20,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(21,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(22,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(23,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(24,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
 tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(50,22): error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(51,22): error TS1471: Module './index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(58,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(59,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(60,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(74,21): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(75,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(76,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(77,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(78,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(79,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(80,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(81,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(82,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(83,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(84,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(75,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(76,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(77,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(78,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(79,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(80,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(81,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(82,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(83,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(84,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
 
 
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts (0 errors) ====
@@ -136,34 +136,34 @@ tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(84,21): error TS2835: Relative import path
 !!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
     import * as m14 from "./index";
                          ~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
     import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
     import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
     import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
     void m1;
     void m2;
     void m3;
@@ -228,34 +228,34 @@ tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(84,21): error TS2835: Relative import path
 !!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
     const _m36 = import("./index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
     const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
     const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
     const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
     
     // esm format file
     const x = 1;
@@ -372,34 +372,34 @@ tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(84,21): error TS2835: Relative import path
 !!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
     const _m36 = import("./index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
     const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
     const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
     const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
     // cjs format file
     const x = 1;
     export {x};
@@ -422,34 +422,34 @@ tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(84,21): error TS2835: Relative import path
 !!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
     import * as m14 from "./index";
                          ~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
     import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
     import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
     import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
     void m1;
     void m2;
     void m3;
@@ -514,34 +514,34 @@ tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(84,21): error TS2835: Relative import path
 !!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
     const _m36 = import("./index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
     const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
     const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
     const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
     // esm format file
     const x = 1;
     export {x};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJs1(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJs1(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..83c4abe3350ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJs1(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,663 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(2,21): error TS1471: Module './index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(3,21): error TS1471: Module './index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(6,21): error TS1471: Module './subfolder/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(9,21): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(11,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(12,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(15,22): error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(16,22): error TS1471: Module './index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(23,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(24,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(25,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(51,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(51,22): error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(52,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(52,22): error TS1471: Module './index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(53,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(54,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(55,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(56,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(57,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(58,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(59,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(59,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(60,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(60,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(61,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(61,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(75,21): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(76,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(77,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(78,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(79,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(80,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(81,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(82,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(83,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(84,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(85,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(14,22): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(15,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(16,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(17,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(18,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(19,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(20,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(21,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(22,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(23,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(24,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(50,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(50,22): error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(51,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(51,22): error TS1471: Module './index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(52,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(53,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(54,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(55,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(56,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(57,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(58,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(58,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(59,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(59,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(60,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(60,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(74,21): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(75,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(76,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(77,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(78,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(79,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(80,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(81,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(82,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(83,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(84,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(14,22): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(15,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(16,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(17,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(18,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(19,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(20,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(21,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(22,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(23,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(24,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(50,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(50,22): error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(51,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(51,22): error TS1471: Module './index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(52,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(53,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(54,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(55,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(56,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(57,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(58,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(58,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(59,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(59,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(60,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(60,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(74,21): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(75,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(76,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(77,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(78,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(79,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(80,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(81,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(82,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(83,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(84,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js (0 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.cjs (0 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.mjs (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/index.js (0 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/index.cjs (0 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/index.mjs (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/another/index.js (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/another/index.cjs (0 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/another/index.mjs (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js (38 errors) ====
+    import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+    import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+    import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+    import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+    import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+    import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+    import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+    import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+    import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+    import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+    import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+    import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+    // The next ones shouldn't all work - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+    import * as m13 from "./";
+                         ~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+    import * as m14 from "./index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+    import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+    import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+    import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+    void m1;
+    void m2;
+    void m3;
+    void m4;
+    void m5;
+    void m6;
+    void m7;
+    void m8;
+    void m9;
+    void m10;
+    void m11;
+    void m12;
+    void m13;
+    void m14;
+    void m15;
+    void m16;
+    void m17;
+    void m18;
+    void m19;
+    void m20;
+    void m21;
+    void m22;
+    void m23;
+    
+    // These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+    import m24 = require("./");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+                         ~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m25 = require("./index");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+                         ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    void m24;
+    void m25;
+    void m26;
+    void m27;
+    void m28;
+    void m29;
+    void m30;
+    void m31;
+    void m32;
+    void m33;
+    void m34;
+    
+    // These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+    const _m35 = import("./");
+                        ~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+    const _m36 = import("./index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+    const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+    const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+    const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+    // esm format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs (38 errors) ====
+    // ESM-format imports below should issue errors
+    import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+    import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+    import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+    import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+    import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+    import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+    // The next ones should _mostly_ work - cjs format files have index resolution and extension resolution (except for those which resolve to an esm format file)
+    import * as m13 from "./";
+                         ~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m14 from "./index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+    import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+    import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+    import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+    import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+    import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+    import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    void m1;
+    void m2;
+    void m3;
+    void m4;
+    void m5;
+    void m6;
+    void m7;
+    void m8;
+    void m9;
+    void m10;
+    void m11;
+    void m12;
+    void m13;
+    void m14;
+    void m15;
+    void m16;
+    void m17;
+    void m18;
+    void m19;
+    void m20;
+    void m21;
+    void m22;
+    void m23;
+    
+    // These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+    import m24 = require("./");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+                         ~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m25 = require("./index");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+                         ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    void m24;
+    void m25;
+    void m26;
+    void m27;
+    void m28;
+    void m29;
+    void m30;
+    void m31;
+    void m32;
+    void m33;
+    void m34;
+    
+    // These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+    const _m35 = import("./");
+                        ~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+    const _m36 = import("./index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+    const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+    const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+    const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs (38 errors) ====
+    import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+    import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+    import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+    import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+    import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+    import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+    import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+    import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+    import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+    import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+    import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+    import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+    // The next ones should all fail - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+    import * as m13 from "./";
+                         ~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+    import * as m14 from "./index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+    import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+    import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+    import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+    void m1;
+    void m2;
+    void m3;
+    void m4;
+    void m5;
+    void m6;
+    void m7;
+    void m8;
+    void m9;
+    void m10;
+    void m11;
+    void m12;
+    void m13;
+    void m14;
+    void m15;
+    void m16;
+    void m17;
+    void m18;
+    void m19;
+    void m20;
+    void m21;
+    void m22;
+    void m23;
+    
+    // These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+    import m24 = require("./");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+                         ~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m25 = require("./index");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+                         ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    void m24;
+    void m25;
+    void m26;
+    void m27;
+    void m28;
+    void m29;
+    void m30;
+    void m31;
+    void m32;
+    void m33;
+    void m34;
+    
+    // These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+    const _m35 = import("./");
+                        ~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
+    const _m36 = import("./index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+    const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+    const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+    const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+    const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+    
+    // esm format file
+    const x = 1;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/another/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "module"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJs1(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJs1(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1376e7c5aea80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJs1(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,688 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJs1.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.js]
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.cjs]
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.js]
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.cjs]
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.cjs]
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.js]
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+// The next ones shouldn't all work - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+import * as m13 from "./";
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+void m1;
+void m2;
+void m3;
+void m4;
+void m5;
+void m6;
+void m7;
+void m8;
+void m9;
+void m10;
+void m11;
+void m12;
+void m13;
+void m14;
+void m15;
+void m16;
+void m17;
+void m18;
+void m19;
+void m20;
+void m21;
+void m22;
+void m23;
+
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+import m24 = require("./");
+import m25 = require("./index");
+import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+void m24;
+void m25;
+void m26;
+void m27;
+void m28;
+void m29;
+void m30;
+void m31;
+void m32;
+void m33;
+void m34;
+
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.cjs]
+// ESM-format imports below should issue errors
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+// The next ones should _mostly_ work - cjs format files have index resolution and extension resolution (except for those which resolve to an esm format file)
+import * as m13 from "./";
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+void m1;
+void m2;
+void m3;
+void m4;
+void m5;
+void m6;
+void m7;
+void m8;
+void m9;
+void m10;
+void m11;
+void m12;
+void m13;
+void m14;
+void m15;
+void m16;
+void m17;
+void m18;
+void m19;
+void m20;
+void m21;
+void m22;
+void m23;
+
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+import m24 = require("./");
+import m25 = require("./index");
+import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+void m24;
+void m25;
+void m26;
+void m27;
+void m28;
+void m29;
+void m30;
+void m31;
+void m32;
+void m33;
+void m34;
+
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [index.mjs]
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+// The next ones should all fail - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+import * as m13 from "./";
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+void m1;
+void m2;
+void m3;
+void m4;
+void m5;
+void m6;
+void m7;
+void m8;
+void m9;
+void m10;
+void m11;
+void m12;
+void m13;
+void m14;
+void m15;
+void m16;
+void m17;
+void m18;
+void m19;
+void m20;
+void m21;
+void m22;
+void m23;
+
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+import m24 = require("./");
+import m25 = require("./index");
+import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+void m24;
+void m25;
+void m26;
+void m27;
+void m28;
+void m29;
+void m30;
+void m31;
+void m32;
+void m33;
+void m34;
+
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export {x};
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "module"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// ESM-format imports below should issue errors
+const m1 = __importStar(require("./index.js"));
+const m2 = __importStar(require("./index.mjs"));
+const m3 = __importStar(require("./index.cjs"));
+const m4 = __importStar(require("./subfolder/index.js"));
+const m5 = __importStar(require("./subfolder/index.mjs"));
+const m6 = __importStar(require("./subfolder/index.cjs"));
+const m7 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/index.js"));
+const m8 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/index.mjs"));
+const m9 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/index.cjs"));
+const m10 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/another/index.js"));
+const m11 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/another/index.mjs"));
+const m12 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/another/index.cjs"));
+// The next ones should _mostly_ work - cjs format files have index resolution and extension resolution (except for those which resolve to an esm format file)
+const m13 = __importStar(require("./"));
+const m14 = __importStar(require("./index"));
+const m15 = __importStar(require("./subfolder"));
+const m16 = __importStar(require("./subfolder/"));
+const m17 = __importStar(require("./subfolder/index"));
+const m18 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2"));
+const m19 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/"));
+const m20 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/index"));
+const m21 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/another"));
+const m22 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/another/"));
+const m23 = __importStar(require("./subfolder2/another/index"));
+void m1;
+void m2;
+void m3;
+void m4;
+void m5;
+void m6;
+void m7;
+void m8;
+void m9;
+void m10;
+void m11;
+void m12;
+void m13;
+void m14;
+void m15;
+void m16;
+void m17;
+void m18;
+void m19;
+void m20;
+void m21;
+void m22;
+void m23;
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+const m24 = require("./");
+const m25 = require("./index");
+const m26 = require("./subfolder");
+const m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+const m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+const m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+const m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+const m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+const m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+const m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+const m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+void m24;
+void m25;
+void m26;
+void m27;
+void m28;
+void m29;
+void m30;
+void m31;
+void m32;
+void m33;
+void m34;
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.mjs]
+import { createRequire as _createRequire } from "module";
+const __require = _createRequire(import.meta.url);
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+// The next ones should all fail - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+import * as m13 from "./";
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+void m1;
+void m2;
+void m3;
+void m4;
+void m5;
+void m6;
+void m7;
+void m8;
+void m9;
+void m10;
+void m11;
+void m12;
+void m13;
+void m14;
+void m15;
+void m16;
+void m17;
+void m18;
+void m19;
+void m20;
+void m21;
+void m22;
+void m23;
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+const m24 = __require("./");
+const m25 = __require("./index");
+const m26 = __require("./subfolder");
+const m27 = __require("./subfolder/");
+const m28 = __require("./subfolder/index");
+const m29 = __require("./subfolder2");
+const m30 = __require("./subfolder2/");
+const m31 = __require("./subfolder2/index");
+const m32 = __require("./subfolder2/another");
+const m33 = __require("./subfolder2/another/");
+const m34 = __require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+void m24;
+void m25;
+void m26;
+void m27;
+void m28;
+void m29;
+void m30;
+void m31;
+void m32;
+void m33;
+void m34;
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.js]
+import { createRequire as _createRequire } from "module";
+const __require = _createRequire(import.meta.url);
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+// The next ones shouldn't all work - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+import * as m13 from "./";
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+void m1;
+void m2;
+void m3;
+void m4;
+void m5;
+void m6;
+void m7;
+void m8;
+void m9;
+void m10;
+void m11;
+void m12;
+void m13;
+void m14;
+void m15;
+void m16;
+void m17;
+void m18;
+void m19;
+void m20;
+void m21;
+void m22;
+void m23;
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+const m24 = __require("./");
+const m25 = __require("./index");
+const m26 = __require("./subfolder");
+const m27 = __require("./subfolder/");
+const m28 = __require("./subfolder/index");
+const m29 = __require("./subfolder2");
+const m30 = __require("./subfolder2/");
+const m31 = __require("./subfolder2/index");
+const m32 = __require("./subfolder2/another");
+const m33 = __require("./subfolder2/another/");
+const m34 = __require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+void m24;
+void m25;
+void m26;
+void m27;
+void m28;
+void m29;
+void m30;
+void m31;
+void m32;
+void m33;
+void m34;
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+export { x };
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export const x: 1;
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export const x: 1;
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export const x: 1;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export const x: 1;
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export const x: 1;
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export const x: 1;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export const x: 1;
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export const x: 1;
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export const x: 1;
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export const x: 1;
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export const x: 1;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export const x: 1;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJs1(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJs1(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d874ab0c830dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJs1(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,817 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.js, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.js, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.cjs ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cjs, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cjs, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.mjs ===
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mjs, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mjs, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.js, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.js, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/index.cjs ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cjs, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cjs, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/index.mjs ===
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mjs, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mjs, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/another/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.js, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.js, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/another/index.cjs ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cjs, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cjs, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/another/index.mjs ===
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mjs, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mjs, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+>m1 : Symbol(m1, Decl(index.js, 0, 6))
+
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+>m2 : Symbol(m2, Decl(index.js, 1, 6))
+
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+>m3 : Symbol(m3, Decl(index.js, 2, 6))
+
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+>m4 : Symbol(m4, Decl(index.js, 3, 6))
+
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+>m5 : Symbol(m5, Decl(index.js, 4, 6))
+
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+>m6 : Symbol(m6, Decl(index.js, 5, 6))
+
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+>m7 : Symbol(m7, Decl(index.js, 6, 6))
+
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+>m8 : Symbol(m8, Decl(index.js, 7, 6))
+
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+>m9 : Symbol(m9, Decl(index.js, 8, 6))
+
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+>m10 : Symbol(m10, Decl(index.js, 9, 6))
+
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+>m11 : Symbol(m11, Decl(index.js, 10, 6))
+
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+>m12 : Symbol(m12, Decl(index.js, 11, 6))
+
+// The next ones shouldn't all work - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+import * as m13 from "./";
+>m13 : Symbol(m13, Decl(index.js, 13, 6))
+
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+>m14 : Symbol(m14, Decl(index.js, 14, 6))
+
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+>m15 : Symbol(m15, Decl(index.js, 15, 6))
+
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+>m16 : Symbol(m16, Decl(index.js, 16, 6))
+
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+>m17 : Symbol(m17, Decl(index.js, 17, 6))
+
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+>m18 : Symbol(m18, Decl(index.js, 18, 6))
+
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+>m19 : Symbol(m19, Decl(index.js, 19, 6))
+
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+>m20 : Symbol(m20, Decl(index.js, 20, 6))
+
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+>m21 : Symbol(m21, Decl(index.js, 21, 6))
+
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+>m22 : Symbol(m22, Decl(index.js, 22, 6))
+
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+>m23 : Symbol(m23, Decl(index.js, 23, 6))
+
+void m1;
+>m1 : Symbol(m1, Decl(index.js, 0, 6))
+
+void m2;
+>m2 : Symbol(m2, Decl(index.js, 1, 6))
+
+void m3;
+>m3 : Symbol(m3, Decl(index.js, 2, 6))
+
+void m4;
+>m4 : Symbol(m4, Decl(index.js, 3, 6))
+
+void m5;
+>m5 : Symbol(m5, Decl(index.js, 4, 6))
+
+void m6;
+>m6 : Symbol(m6, Decl(index.js, 5, 6))
+
+void m7;
+>m7 : Symbol(m7, Decl(index.js, 6, 6))
+
+void m8;
+>m8 : Symbol(m8, Decl(index.js, 7, 6))
+
+void m9;
+>m9 : Symbol(m9, Decl(index.js, 8, 6))
+
+void m10;
+>m10 : Symbol(m10, Decl(index.js, 9, 6))
+
+void m11;
+>m11 : Symbol(m11, Decl(index.js, 10, 6))
+
+void m12;
+>m12 : Symbol(m12, Decl(index.js, 11, 6))
+
+void m13;
+>m13 : Symbol(m13, Decl(index.js, 13, 6))
+
+void m14;
+>m14 : Symbol(m14, Decl(index.js, 14, 6))
+
+void m15;
+>m15 : Symbol(m15, Decl(index.js, 15, 6))
+
+void m16;
+>m16 : Symbol(m16, Decl(index.js, 16, 6))
+
+void m17;
+>m17 : Symbol(m17, Decl(index.js, 17, 6))
+
+void m18;
+>m18 : Symbol(m18, Decl(index.js, 18, 6))
+
+void m19;
+>m19 : Symbol(m19, Decl(index.js, 19, 6))
+
+void m20;
+>m20 : Symbol(m20, Decl(index.js, 20, 6))
+
+void m21;
+>m21 : Symbol(m21, Decl(index.js, 21, 6))
+
+void m22;
+>m22 : Symbol(m22, Decl(index.js, 22, 6))
+
+void m23;
+>m23 : Symbol(m23, Decl(index.js, 23, 6))
+
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+import m24 = require("./");
+>m24 : Symbol(m24, Decl(index.js, 46, 9))
+
+import m25 = require("./index");
+>m25 : Symbol(m25, Decl(index.js, 49, 27))
+
+import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+>m26 : Symbol(m26, Decl(index.js, 50, 32))
+
+import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+>m27 : Symbol(m27, Decl(index.js, 51, 36))
+
+import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+>m28 : Symbol(m28, Decl(index.js, 52, 37))
+
+import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+>m29 : Symbol(m29, Decl(index.js, 53, 42))
+
+import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+>m30 : Symbol(m30, Decl(index.js, 54, 37))
+
+import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+>m31 : Symbol(m31, Decl(index.js, 55, 38))
+
+import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+>m32 : Symbol(m32, Decl(index.js, 56, 43))
+
+import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+>m33 : Symbol(m33, Decl(index.js, 57, 45))
+
+import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>m34 : Symbol(m34, Decl(index.js, 58, 46))
+
+void m24;
+>m24 : Symbol(m24, Decl(index.js, 46, 9))
+
+void m25;
+>m25 : Symbol(m25, Decl(index.js, 49, 27))
+
+void m26;
+>m26 : Symbol(m26, Decl(index.js, 50, 32))
+
+void m27;
+>m27 : Symbol(m27, Decl(index.js, 51, 36))
+
+void m28;
+>m28 : Symbol(m28, Decl(index.js, 52, 37))
+
+void m29;
+>m29 : Symbol(m29, Decl(index.js, 53, 42))
+
+void m30;
+>m30 : Symbol(m30, Decl(index.js, 54, 37))
+
+void m31;
+>m31 : Symbol(m31, Decl(index.js, 55, 38))
+
+void m32;
+>m32 : Symbol(m32, Decl(index.js, 56, 43))
+
+void m33;
+>m33 : Symbol(m33, Decl(index.js, 57, 45))
+
+void m34;
+>m34 : Symbol(m34, Decl(index.js, 58, 46))
+
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+>_m35 : Symbol(_m35, Decl(index.js, 73, 5))
+
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+>_m36 : Symbol(_m36, Decl(index.js, 74, 5))
+
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+>_m37 : Symbol(_m37, Decl(index.js, 75, 5))
+
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+>_m38 : Symbol(_m38, Decl(index.js, 76, 5))
+
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+>_m39 : Symbol(_m39, Decl(index.js, 77, 5))
+
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+>_m40 : Symbol(_m40, Decl(index.js, 78, 5))
+
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+>_m41 : Symbol(_m41, Decl(index.js, 79, 5))
+
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+>_m42 : Symbol(_m42, Decl(index.js, 80, 5))
+
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+>_m43 : Symbol(_m43, Decl(index.js, 81, 5))
+
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+>_m44 : Symbol(_m44, Decl(index.js, 82, 5))
+
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>_m45 : Symbol(_m45, Decl(index.js, 83, 5))
+
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.js, 85, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(m1.x, Decl(index.js, 86, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs ===
+// ESM-format imports below should issue errors
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+>m1 : Symbol(m1, Decl(index.cjs, 1, 6))
+
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+>m2 : Symbol(m2, Decl(index.cjs, 2, 6))
+
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+>m3 : Symbol(m3, Decl(index.cjs, 3, 6))
+
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+>m4 : Symbol(m4, Decl(index.cjs, 4, 6))
+
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+>m5 : Symbol(m5, Decl(index.cjs, 5, 6))
+
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+>m6 : Symbol(m6, Decl(index.cjs, 6, 6))
+
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+>m7 : Symbol(m7, Decl(index.cjs, 7, 6))
+
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+>m8 : Symbol(m8, Decl(index.cjs, 8, 6))
+
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+>m9 : Symbol(m9, Decl(index.cjs, 9, 6))
+
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+>m10 : Symbol(m10, Decl(index.cjs, 10, 6))
+
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+>m11 : Symbol(m11, Decl(index.cjs, 11, 6))
+
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+>m12 : Symbol(m12, Decl(index.cjs, 12, 6))
+
+// The next ones should _mostly_ work - cjs format files have index resolution and extension resolution (except for those which resolve to an esm format file)
+import * as m13 from "./";
+>m13 : Symbol(m13, Decl(index.cjs, 14, 6))
+
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+>m14 : Symbol(m14, Decl(index.cjs, 15, 6))
+
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+>m15 : Symbol(m15, Decl(index.cjs, 16, 6))
+
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+>m16 : Symbol(m16, Decl(index.cjs, 17, 6))
+
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+>m17 : Symbol(m17, Decl(index.cjs, 18, 6))
+
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+>m18 : Symbol(m18, Decl(index.cjs, 19, 6))
+
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+>m19 : Symbol(m19, Decl(index.cjs, 20, 6))
+
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+>m20 : Symbol(m20, Decl(index.cjs, 21, 6))
+
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+>m21 : Symbol(m21, Decl(index.cjs, 22, 6))
+
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+>m22 : Symbol(m22, Decl(index.cjs, 23, 6))
+
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+>m23 : Symbol(m23, Decl(index.cjs, 24, 6))
+
+void m1;
+>m1 : Symbol(m1, Decl(index.cjs, 1, 6))
+
+void m2;
+>m2 : Symbol(m2, Decl(index.cjs, 2, 6))
+
+void m3;
+>m3 : Symbol(m3, Decl(index.cjs, 3, 6))
+
+void m4;
+>m4 : Symbol(m4, Decl(index.cjs, 4, 6))
+
+void m5;
+>m5 : Symbol(m5, Decl(index.cjs, 5, 6))
+
+void m6;
+>m6 : Symbol(m6, Decl(index.cjs, 6, 6))
+
+void m7;
+>m7 : Symbol(m7, Decl(index.cjs, 7, 6))
+
+void m8;
+>m8 : Symbol(m8, Decl(index.cjs, 8, 6))
+
+void m9;
+>m9 : Symbol(m9, Decl(index.cjs, 9, 6))
+
+void m10;
+>m10 : Symbol(m10, Decl(index.cjs, 10, 6))
+
+void m11;
+>m11 : Symbol(m11, Decl(index.cjs, 11, 6))
+
+void m12;
+>m12 : Symbol(m12, Decl(index.cjs, 12, 6))
+
+void m13;
+>m13 : Symbol(m13, Decl(index.cjs, 14, 6))
+
+void m14;
+>m14 : Symbol(m14, Decl(index.cjs, 15, 6))
+
+void m15;
+>m15 : Symbol(m15, Decl(index.cjs, 16, 6))
+
+void m16;
+>m16 : Symbol(m16, Decl(index.cjs, 17, 6))
+
+void m17;
+>m17 : Symbol(m17, Decl(index.cjs, 18, 6))
+
+void m18;
+>m18 : Symbol(m18, Decl(index.cjs, 19, 6))
+
+void m19;
+>m19 : Symbol(m19, Decl(index.cjs, 20, 6))
+
+void m20;
+>m20 : Symbol(m20, Decl(index.cjs, 21, 6))
+
+void m21;
+>m21 : Symbol(m21, Decl(index.cjs, 22, 6))
+
+void m22;
+>m22 : Symbol(m22, Decl(index.cjs, 23, 6))
+
+void m23;
+>m23 : Symbol(m23, Decl(index.cjs, 24, 6))
+
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+import m24 = require("./");
+>m24 : Symbol(m24, Decl(index.cjs, 47, 9))
+
+import m25 = require("./index");
+>m25 : Symbol(m25, Decl(index.cjs, 50, 27))
+
+import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+>m26 : Symbol(m26, Decl(index.cjs, 51, 32))
+
+import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+>m27 : Symbol(m27, Decl(index.cjs, 52, 36))
+
+import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+>m28 : Symbol(m28, Decl(index.cjs, 53, 37))
+
+import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+>m29 : Symbol(m29, Decl(index.cjs, 54, 42))
+
+import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+>m30 : Symbol(m30, Decl(index.cjs, 55, 37))
+
+import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+>m31 : Symbol(m31, Decl(index.cjs, 56, 38))
+
+import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+>m32 : Symbol(m32, Decl(index.cjs, 57, 43))
+
+import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+>m33 : Symbol(m33, Decl(index.cjs, 58, 45))
+
+import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>m34 : Symbol(m34, Decl(index.cjs, 59, 46))
+
+void m24;
+>m24 : Symbol(m24, Decl(index.cjs, 47, 9))
+
+void m25;
+>m25 : Symbol(m25, Decl(index.cjs, 50, 27))
+
+void m26;
+>m26 : Symbol(m26, Decl(index.cjs, 51, 32))
+
+void m27;
+>m27 : Symbol(m27, Decl(index.cjs, 52, 36))
+
+void m28;
+>m28 : Symbol(m28, Decl(index.cjs, 53, 37))
+
+void m29;
+>m29 : Symbol(m29, Decl(index.cjs, 54, 42))
+
+void m30;
+>m30 : Symbol(m30, Decl(index.cjs, 55, 37))
+
+void m31;
+>m31 : Symbol(m31, Decl(index.cjs, 56, 38))
+
+void m32;
+>m32 : Symbol(m32, Decl(index.cjs, 57, 43))
+
+void m33;
+>m33 : Symbol(m33, Decl(index.cjs, 58, 45))
+
+void m34;
+>m34 : Symbol(m34, Decl(index.cjs, 59, 46))
+
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+>_m35 : Symbol(_m35, Decl(index.cjs, 74, 5))
+
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+>_m36 : Symbol(_m36, Decl(index.cjs, 75, 5))
+
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+>_m37 : Symbol(_m37, Decl(index.cjs, 76, 5))
+
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+>_m38 : Symbol(_m38, Decl(index.cjs, 77, 5))
+
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+>_m39 : Symbol(_m39, Decl(index.cjs, 78, 5))
+
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+>_m40 : Symbol(_m40, Decl(index.cjs, 79, 5))
+
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+>_m41 : Symbol(_m41, Decl(index.cjs, 80, 5))
+
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+>_m42 : Symbol(_m42, Decl(index.cjs, 81, 5))
+
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+>_m43 : Symbol(_m43, Decl(index.cjs, 82, 5))
+
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+>_m44 : Symbol(_m44, Decl(index.cjs, 83, 5))
+
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>_m45 : Symbol(_m45, Decl(index.cjs, 84, 5))
+
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cjs, 86, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(m3.x, Decl(index.cjs, 87, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs ===
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+>m1 : Symbol(m1, Decl(index.mjs, 0, 6))
+
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+>m2 : Symbol(m2, Decl(index.mjs, 1, 6))
+
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+>m3 : Symbol(m3, Decl(index.mjs, 2, 6))
+
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+>m4 : Symbol(m4, Decl(index.mjs, 3, 6))
+
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+>m5 : Symbol(m5, Decl(index.mjs, 4, 6))
+
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+>m6 : Symbol(m6, Decl(index.mjs, 5, 6))
+
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+>m7 : Symbol(m7, Decl(index.mjs, 6, 6))
+
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+>m8 : Symbol(m8, Decl(index.mjs, 7, 6))
+
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+>m9 : Symbol(m9, Decl(index.mjs, 8, 6))
+
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+>m10 : Symbol(m10, Decl(index.mjs, 9, 6))
+
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+>m11 : Symbol(m11, Decl(index.mjs, 10, 6))
+
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+>m12 : Symbol(m12, Decl(index.mjs, 11, 6))
+
+// The next ones should all fail - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+import * as m13 from "./";
+>m13 : Symbol(m13, Decl(index.mjs, 13, 6))
+
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+>m14 : Symbol(m14, Decl(index.mjs, 14, 6))
+
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+>m15 : Symbol(m15, Decl(index.mjs, 15, 6))
+
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+>m16 : Symbol(m16, Decl(index.mjs, 16, 6))
+
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+>m17 : Symbol(m17, Decl(index.mjs, 17, 6))
+
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+>m18 : Symbol(m18, Decl(index.mjs, 18, 6))
+
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+>m19 : Symbol(m19, Decl(index.mjs, 19, 6))
+
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+>m20 : Symbol(m20, Decl(index.mjs, 20, 6))
+
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+>m21 : Symbol(m21, Decl(index.mjs, 21, 6))
+
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+>m22 : Symbol(m22, Decl(index.mjs, 22, 6))
+
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+>m23 : Symbol(m23, Decl(index.mjs, 23, 6))
+
+void m1;
+>m1 : Symbol(m1, Decl(index.mjs, 0, 6))
+
+void m2;
+>m2 : Symbol(m2, Decl(index.mjs, 1, 6))
+
+void m3;
+>m3 : Symbol(m3, Decl(index.mjs, 2, 6))
+
+void m4;
+>m4 : Symbol(m4, Decl(index.mjs, 3, 6))
+
+void m5;
+>m5 : Symbol(m5, Decl(index.mjs, 4, 6))
+
+void m6;
+>m6 : Symbol(m6, Decl(index.mjs, 5, 6))
+
+void m7;
+>m7 : Symbol(m7, Decl(index.mjs, 6, 6))
+
+void m8;
+>m8 : Symbol(m8, Decl(index.mjs, 7, 6))
+
+void m9;
+>m9 : Symbol(m9, Decl(index.mjs, 8, 6))
+
+void m10;
+>m10 : Symbol(m10, Decl(index.mjs, 9, 6))
+
+void m11;
+>m11 : Symbol(m11, Decl(index.mjs, 10, 6))
+
+void m12;
+>m12 : Symbol(m12, Decl(index.mjs, 11, 6))
+
+void m13;
+>m13 : Symbol(m13, Decl(index.mjs, 13, 6))
+
+void m14;
+>m14 : Symbol(m14, Decl(index.mjs, 14, 6))
+
+void m15;
+>m15 : Symbol(m15, Decl(index.mjs, 15, 6))
+
+void m16;
+>m16 : Symbol(m16, Decl(index.mjs, 16, 6))
+
+void m17;
+>m17 : Symbol(m17, Decl(index.mjs, 17, 6))
+
+void m18;
+>m18 : Symbol(m18, Decl(index.mjs, 18, 6))
+
+void m19;
+>m19 : Symbol(m19, Decl(index.mjs, 19, 6))
+
+void m20;
+>m20 : Symbol(m20, Decl(index.mjs, 20, 6))
+
+void m21;
+>m21 : Symbol(m21, Decl(index.mjs, 21, 6))
+
+void m22;
+>m22 : Symbol(m22, Decl(index.mjs, 22, 6))
+
+void m23;
+>m23 : Symbol(m23, Decl(index.mjs, 23, 6))
+
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+import m24 = require("./");
+>m24 : Symbol(m24, Decl(index.mjs, 46, 9))
+
+import m25 = require("./index");
+>m25 : Symbol(m25, Decl(index.mjs, 49, 27))
+
+import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+>m26 : Symbol(m26, Decl(index.mjs, 50, 32))
+
+import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+>m27 : Symbol(m27, Decl(index.mjs, 51, 36))
+
+import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+>m28 : Symbol(m28, Decl(index.mjs, 52, 37))
+
+import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+>m29 : Symbol(m29, Decl(index.mjs, 53, 42))
+
+import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+>m30 : Symbol(m30, Decl(index.mjs, 54, 37))
+
+import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+>m31 : Symbol(m31, Decl(index.mjs, 55, 38))
+
+import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+>m32 : Symbol(m32, Decl(index.mjs, 56, 43))
+
+import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+>m33 : Symbol(m33, Decl(index.mjs, 57, 45))
+
+import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>m34 : Symbol(m34, Decl(index.mjs, 58, 46))
+
+void m24;
+>m24 : Symbol(m24, Decl(index.mjs, 46, 9))
+
+void m25;
+>m25 : Symbol(m25, Decl(index.mjs, 49, 27))
+
+void m26;
+>m26 : Symbol(m26, Decl(index.mjs, 50, 32))
+
+void m27;
+>m27 : Symbol(m27, Decl(index.mjs, 51, 36))
+
+void m28;
+>m28 : Symbol(m28, Decl(index.mjs, 52, 37))
+
+void m29;
+>m29 : Symbol(m29, Decl(index.mjs, 53, 42))
+
+void m30;
+>m30 : Symbol(m30, Decl(index.mjs, 54, 37))
+
+void m31;
+>m31 : Symbol(m31, Decl(index.mjs, 55, 38))
+
+void m32;
+>m32 : Symbol(m32, Decl(index.mjs, 56, 43))
+
+void m33;
+>m33 : Symbol(m33, Decl(index.mjs, 57, 45))
+
+void m34;
+>m34 : Symbol(m34, Decl(index.mjs, 58, 46))
+
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+>_m35 : Symbol(_m35, Decl(index.mjs, 73, 5))
+
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+>_m36 : Symbol(_m36, Decl(index.mjs, 74, 5))
+
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+>_m37 : Symbol(_m37, Decl(index.mjs, 75, 5))
+
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+>_m38 : Symbol(_m38, Decl(index.mjs, 76, 5))
+
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+>_m39 : Symbol(_m39, Decl(index.mjs, 77, 5))
+
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+>_m40 : Symbol(_m40, Decl(index.mjs, 78, 5))
+
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+>_m41 : Symbol(_m41, Decl(index.mjs, 79, 5))
+
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+>_m42 : Symbol(_m42, Decl(index.mjs, 80, 5))
+
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+>_m43 : Symbol(_m43, Decl(index.mjs, 81, 5))
+
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+>_m44 : Symbol(_m44, Decl(index.mjs, 82, 5))
+
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>_m45 : Symbol(_m45, Decl(index.mjs, 83, 5))
+
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mjs, 86, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(m2.x, Decl(index.mjs, 87, 8))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJs1(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJs1(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..bc08d749cf893
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJs1(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,997 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.cjs ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.mjs ===
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/index.cjs ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/index.mjs ===
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/another/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/another/index.cjs ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder2/another/index.mjs ===
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+>m1 : typeof m1
+
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+>m2 : typeof m2
+
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+>m3 : typeof m3
+
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+>m4 : typeof m4
+
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+>m5 : typeof m5
+
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+>m6 : typeof m6
+
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+>m7 : typeof m7
+
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+>m8 : typeof m8
+
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+>m9 : typeof m9
+
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+>m10 : typeof m10
+
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+>m11 : typeof m11
+
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+>m12 : typeof m12
+
+// The next ones shouldn't all work - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+import * as m13 from "./";
+>m13 : any
+
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+>m14 : any
+
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+>m15 : any
+
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+>m16 : any
+
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+>m17 : any
+
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+>m18 : any
+
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+>m19 : any
+
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+>m20 : any
+
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+>m21 : any
+
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+>m22 : any
+
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+>m23 : any
+
+void m1;
+>void m1 : undefined
+>m1 : typeof m1
+
+void m2;
+>void m2 : undefined
+>m2 : typeof m2
+
+void m3;
+>void m3 : undefined
+>m3 : typeof m3
+
+void m4;
+>void m4 : undefined
+>m4 : typeof m4
+
+void m5;
+>void m5 : undefined
+>m5 : typeof m5
+
+void m6;
+>void m6 : undefined
+>m6 : typeof m6
+
+void m7;
+>void m7 : undefined
+>m7 : typeof m7
+
+void m8;
+>void m8 : undefined
+>m8 : typeof m8
+
+void m9;
+>void m9 : undefined
+>m9 : typeof m9
+
+void m10;
+>void m10 : undefined
+>m10 : typeof m10
+
+void m11;
+>void m11 : undefined
+>m11 : typeof m11
+
+void m12;
+>void m12 : undefined
+>m12 : typeof m12
+
+void m13;
+>void m13 : undefined
+>m13 : any
+
+void m14;
+>void m14 : undefined
+>m14 : any
+
+void m15;
+>void m15 : undefined
+>m15 : any
+
+void m16;
+>void m16 : undefined
+>m16 : any
+
+void m17;
+>void m17 : undefined
+>m17 : any
+
+void m18;
+>void m18 : undefined
+>m18 : any
+
+void m19;
+>void m19 : undefined
+>m19 : any
+
+void m20;
+>void m20 : undefined
+>m20 : any
+
+void m21;
+>void m21 : undefined
+>m21 : any
+
+void m22;
+>void m22 : undefined
+>m22 : any
+
+void m23;
+>void m23 : undefined
+>m23 : any
+
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+import m24 = require("./");
+>m24 : typeof m1
+
+import m25 = require("./index");
+>m25 : typeof m1
+
+import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+>m26 : typeof m26
+
+import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+>m27 : typeof m26
+
+import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+>m28 : typeof m26
+
+import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+>m29 : typeof m29
+
+import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+>m30 : typeof m29
+
+import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+>m31 : typeof m29
+
+import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+>m32 : typeof m10
+
+import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+>m33 : typeof m10
+
+import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>m34 : typeof m10
+
+void m24;
+>void m24 : undefined
+>m24 : typeof m1
+
+void m25;
+>void m25 : undefined
+>m25 : typeof m1
+
+void m26;
+>void m26 : undefined
+>m26 : typeof m26
+
+void m27;
+>void m27 : undefined
+>m27 : typeof m26
+
+void m28;
+>void m28 : undefined
+>m28 : typeof m26
+
+void m29;
+>void m29 : undefined
+>m29 : typeof m29
+
+void m30;
+>void m30 : undefined
+>m30 : typeof m29
+
+void m31;
+>void m31 : undefined
+>m31 : typeof m29
+
+void m32;
+>void m32 : undefined
+>m32 : typeof m10
+
+void m33;
+>void m33 : undefined
+>m33 : typeof m10
+
+void m34;
+>void m34 : undefined
+>m34 : typeof m10
+
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+>_m35 : Promise<any>
+>import("./") : Promise<any>
+>"./" : "./"
+
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+>_m36 : Promise<any>
+>import("./index") : Promise<any>
+>"./index" : "./index"
+
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+>_m37 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder" : "./subfolder"
+
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+>_m38 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder/") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder/" : "./subfolder/"
+
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+>_m39 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder/index") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder/index" : "./subfolder/index"
+
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+>_m40 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2" : "./subfolder2"
+
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+>_m41 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/" : "./subfolder2/"
+
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+>_m42 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/index") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/index" : "./subfolder2/index"
+
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+>_m43 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/another") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/another" : "./subfolder2/another"
+
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+>_m44 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/another/") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/another/" : "./subfolder2/another/"
+
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>_m45 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/another/index") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/another/index" : "./subfolder2/another/index"
+
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs ===
+// ESM-format imports below should issue errors
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+>m1 : typeof m1
+
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+>m2 : typeof m2
+
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+>m3 : typeof m3
+
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+>m4 : typeof m4
+
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+>m5 : typeof m5
+
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+>m6 : typeof m6
+
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+>m7 : typeof m7
+
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+>m8 : typeof m8
+
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+>m9 : typeof m9
+
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+>m10 : typeof m10
+
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+>m11 : typeof m11
+
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+>m12 : typeof m12
+
+// The next ones should _mostly_ work - cjs format files have index resolution and extension resolution (except for those which resolve to an esm format file)
+import * as m13 from "./";
+>m13 : typeof m1
+
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+>m14 : typeof m1
+
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+>m15 : typeof m4
+
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+>m16 : typeof m4
+
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+>m17 : typeof m4
+
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+>m18 : typeof m7
+
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+>m19 : typeof m7
+
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+>m20 : typeof m7
+
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+>m21 : typeof m10
+
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+>m22 : typeof m10
+
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+>m23 : typeof m10
+
+void m1;
+>void m1 : undefined
+>m1 : typeof m1
+
+void m2;
+>void m2 : undefined
+>m2 : typeof m2
+
+void m3;
+>void m3 : undefined
+>m3 : typeof m3
+
+void m4;
+>void m4 : undefined
+>m4 : typeof m4
+
+void m5;
+>void m5 : undefined
+>m5 : typeof m5
+
+void m6;
+>void m6 : undefined
+>m6 : typeof m6
+
+void m7;
+>void m7 : undefined
+>m7 : typeof m7
+
+void m8;
+>void m8 : undefined
+>m8 : typeof m8
+
+void m9;
+>void m9 : undefined
+>m9 : typeof m9
+
+void m10;
+>void m10 : undefined
+>m10 : typeof m10
+
+void m11;
+>void m11 : undefined
+>m11 : typeof m11
+
+void m12;
+>void m12 : undefined
+>m12 : typeof m12
+
+void m13;
+>void m13 : undefined
+>m13 : typeof m1
+
+void m14;
+>void m14 : undefined
+>m14 : typeof m1
+
+void m15;
+>void m15 : undefined
+>m15 : typeof m4
+
+void m16;
+>void m16 : undefined
+>m16 : typeof m4
+
+void m17;
+>void m17 : undefined
+>m17 : typeof m4
+
+void m18;
+>void m18 : undefined
+>m18 : typeof m7
+
+void m19;
+>void m19 : undefined
+>m19 : typeof m7
+
+void m20;
+>void m20 : undefined
+>m20 : typeof m7
+
+void m21;
+>void m21 : undefined
+>m21 : typeof m10
+
+void m22;
+>void m22 : undefined
+>m22 : typeof m10
+
+void m23;
+>void m23 : undefined
+>m23 : typeof m10
+
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+import m24 = require("./");
+>m24 : typeof m1
+
+import m25 = require("./index");
+>m25 : typeof m1
+
+import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+>m26 : typeof m4
+
+import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+>m27 : typeof m4
+
+import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+>m28 : typeof m4
+
+import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+>m29 : typeof m7
+
+import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+>m30 : typeof m7
+
+import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+>m31 : typeof m7
+
+import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+>m32 : typeof m10
+
+import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+>m33 : typeof m10
+
+import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>m34 : typeof m10
+
+void m24;
+>void m24 : undefined
+>m24 : typeof m1
+
+void m25;
+>void m25 : undefined
+>m25 : typeof m1
+
+void m26;
+>void m26 : undefined
+>m26 : typeof m4
+
+void m27;
+>void m27 : undefined
+>m27 : typeof m4
+
+void m28;
+>void m28 : undefined
+>m28 : typeof m4
+
+void m29;
+>void m29 : undefined
+>m29 : typeof m7
+
+void m30;
+>void m30 : undefined
+>m30 : typeof m7
+
+void m31;
+>void m31 : undefined
+>m31 : typeof m7
+
+void m32;
+>void m32 : undefined
+>m32 : typeof m10
+
+void m33;
+>void m33 : undefined
+>m33 : typeof m10
+
+void m34;
+>void m34 : undefined
+>m34 : typeof m10
+
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+>_m35 : Promise<any>
+>import("./") : Promise<any>
+>"./" : "./"
+
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+>_m36 : Promise<any>
+>import("./index") : Promise<any>
+>"./index" : "./index"
+
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+>_m37 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder" : "./subfolder"
+
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+>_m38 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder/") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder/" : "./subfolder/"
+
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+>_m39 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder/index") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder/index" : "./subfolder/index"
+
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+>_m40 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2" : "./subfolder2"
+
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+>_m41 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/" : "./subfolder2/"
+
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+>_m42 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/index") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/index" : "./subfolder2/index"
+
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+>_m43 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/another") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/another" : "./subfolder2/another"
+
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+>_m44 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/another/") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/another/" : "./subfolder2/another/"
+
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>_m45 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/another/index") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/another/index" : "./subfolder2/another/index"
+
+// cjs format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs ===
+import * as m1 from "./index.js";
+>m1 : typeof m1
+
+import * as m2 from "./index.mjs";
+>m2 : typeof m2
+
+import * as m3 from "./index.cjs";
+>m3 : typeof m3
+
+import * as m4 from "./subfolder/index.js";
+>m4 : typeof m4
+
+import * as m5 from "./subfolder/index.mjs";
+>m5 : typeof m5
+
+import * as m6 from "./subfolder/index.cjs";
+>m6 : typeof m6
+
+import * as m7 from "./subfolder2/index.js";
+>m7 : typeof m7
+
+import * as m8 from "./subfolder2/index.mjs";
+>m8 : typeof m8
+
+import * as m9 from "./subfolder2/index.cjs";
+>m9 : typeof m9
+
+import * as m10 from "./subfolder2/another/index.js";
+>m10 : typeof m10
+
+import * as m11 from "./subfolder2/another/index.mjs";
+>m11 : typeof m11
+
+import * as m12 from "./subfolder2/another/index.cjs";
+>m12 : typeof m12
+
+// The next ones should all fail - esm format files have no index resolution or extension resolution
+import * as m13 from "./";
+>m13 : any
+
+import * as m14 from "./index";
+>m14 : any
+
+import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
+>m15 : any
+
+import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
+>m16 : any
+
+import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
+>m17 : any
+
+import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
+>m18 : any
+
+import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
+>m19 : any
+
+import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
+>m20 : any
+
+import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
+>m21 : any
+
+import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
+>m22 : any
+
+import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
+>m23 : any
+
+void m1;
+>void m1 : undefined
+>m1 : typeof m1
+
+void m2;
+>void m2 : undefined
+>m2 : typeof m2
+
+void m3;
+>void m3 : undefined
+>m3 : typeof m3
+
+void m4;
+>void m4 : undefined
+>m4 : typeof m4
+
+void m5;
+>void m5 : undefined
+>m5 : typeof m5
+
+void m6;
+>void m6 : undefined
+>m6 : typeof m6
+
+void m7;
+>void m7 : undefined
+>m7 : typeof m7
+
+void m8;
+>void m8 : undefined
+>m8 : typeof m8
+
+void m9;
+>void m9 : undefined
+>m9 : typeof m9
+
+void m10;
+>void m10 : undefined
+>m10 : typeof m10
+
+void m11;
+>void m11 : undefined
+>m11 : typeof m11
+
+void m12;
+>void m12 : undefined
+>m12 : typeof m12
+
+void m13;
+>void m13 : undefined
+>m13 : any
+
+void m14;
+>void m14 : undefined
+>m14 : any
+
+void m15;
+>void m15 : undefined
+>m15 : any
+
+void m16;
+>void m16 : undefined
+>m16 : any
+
+void m17;
+>void m17 : undefined
+>m17 : any
+
+void m18;
+>void m18 : undefined
+>m18 : any
+
+void m19;
+>void m19 : undefined
+>m19 : any
+
+void m20;
+>void m20 : undefined
+>m20 : any
+
+void m21;
+>void m21 : undefined
+>m21 : any
+
+void m22;
+>void m22 : undefined
+>m22 : any
+
+void m23;
+>void m23 : undefined
+>m23 : any
+
+// These should _mostly_ work - `import = require` always desugars to require calls, which do have extension and index resolution (but can't load anything that resolves to esm!)
+import m24 = require("./");
+>m24 : typeof m1
+
+import m25 = require("./index");
+>m25 : typeof m1
+
+import m26 = require("./subfolder");
+>m26 : typeof m26
+
+import m27 = require("./subfolder/");
+>m27 : typeof m26
+
+import m28 = require("./subfolder/index");
+>m28 : typeof m26
+
+import m29 = require("./subfolder2");
+>m29 : typeof m29
+
+import m30 = require("./subfolder2/");
+>m30 : typeof m29
+
+import m31 = require("./subfolder2/index");
+>m31 : typeof m29
+
+import m32 = require("./subfolder2/another");
+>m32 : typeof m10
+
+import m33 = require("./subfolder2/another/");
+>m33 : typeof m10
+
+import m34 = require("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>m34 : typeof m10
+
+void m24;
+>void m24 : undefined
+>m24 : typeof m1
+
+void m25;
+>void m25 : undefined
+>m25 : typeof m1
+
+void m26;
+>void m26 : undefined
+>m26 : typeof m26
+
+void m27;
+>void m27 : undefined
+>m27 : typeof m26
+
+void m28;
+>void m28 : undefined
+>m28 : typeof m26
+
+void m29;
+>void m29 : undefined
+>m29 : typeof m29
+
+void m30;
+>void m30 : undefined
+>m30 : typeof m29
+
+void m31;
+>void m31 : undefined
+>m31 : typeof m29
+
+void m32;
+>void m32 : undefined
+>m32 : typeof m10
+
+void m33;
+>void m33 : undefined
+>m33 : typeof m10
+
+void m34;
+>void m34 : undefined
+>m34 : typeof m10
+
+// These shouldn't work - dynamic `import()` always uses the esm resolver, which does not have extension resolution
+const _m35 = import("./");
+>_m35 : Promise<any>
+>import("./") : Promise<any>
+>"./" : "./"
+
+const _m36 = import("./index");
+>_m36 : Promise<any>
+>import("./index") : Promise<any>
+>"./index" : "./index"
+
+const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
+>_m37 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder" : "./subfolder"
+
+const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
+>_m38 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder/") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder/" : "./subfolder/"
+
+const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
+>_m39 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder/index") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder/index" : "./subfolder/index"
+
+const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
+>_m40 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2" : "./subfolder2"
+
+const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
+>_m41 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/" : "./subfolder2/"
+
+const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
+>_m42 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/index") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/index" : "./subfolder2/index"
+
+const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
+>_m43 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/another") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/another" : "./subfolder2/another"
+
+const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
+>_m44 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/another/") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/another/" : "./subfolder2/another/"
+
+const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
+>_m45 : Promise<any>
+>import("./subfolder2/another/index") : Promise<any>
+>"./subfolder2/another/index" : "./subfolder2/another/index"
+
+// esm format file
+const x = 1;
+>x : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJs1(module=nodenext).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJs1(module=nodenext).errors.txt
index 178c28ed46004..83c4abe3350ae 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJs1(module=nodenext).errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJs1(module=nodenext).errors.txt
@@ -26,27 +26,27 @@ tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(60,22): error TS1471: Module './s
 tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(61,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(61,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(75,21): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(76,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(77,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(78,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(79,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(80,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(81,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(82,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(83,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(84,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(85,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(76,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(77,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(78,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(79,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(80,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(81,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(82,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(83,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(84,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(85,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
 tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(14,22): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(15,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(16,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(17,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(18,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(19,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(20,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(21,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(22,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(23,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(24,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(15,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(16,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(17,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(18,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(19,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(20,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(21,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(22,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(23,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(24,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
 tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(50,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(50,22): error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(51,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
@@ -64,27 +64,27 @@ tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(59,22): error TS1471: Module './su
 tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(60,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(60,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(74,21): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(75,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(76,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(77,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(78,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(79,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(80,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(81,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(82,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(83,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(84,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(75,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(76,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(77,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(78,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(79,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(80,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(81,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(82,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(83,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(84,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
 tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(14,22): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(15,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(16,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(17,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(18,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(19,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(20,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(21,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(22,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(23,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(24,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(15,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(16,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(17,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(18,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(19,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(20,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(21,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(22,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(23,22): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(24,22): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
 tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(50,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(50,22): error TS1471: Module './' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(51,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
@@ -102,16 +102,16 @@ tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(59,22): error TS1471: Module './s
 tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(60,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(60,22): error TS1471: Module './subfolder2/another/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(74,21): error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(75,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(76,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(77,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(78,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(79,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(80,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(81,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(82,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(83,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(84,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(75,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(76,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(77,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(78,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(79,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(80,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(81,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(82,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(83,21): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(84,21): error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
 
 
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js (0 errors) ====
@@ -169,34 +169,34 @@ tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(84,21): error TS2835: Relative im
 !!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
     import * as m14 from "./index";
                          ~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
     import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
     import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
     import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
     void m1;
     void m2;
     void m3;
@@ -283,34 +283,34 @@ tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(84,21): error TS2835: Relative im
 !!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
     const _m36 = import("./index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
     const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
     const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
     const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
     // esm format file
     const x = 1;
     export {x};
@@ -448,34 +448,34 @@ tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(84,21): error TS2835: Relative im
 !!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
     const _m36 = import("./index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
     const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
     const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
     const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
     // cjs format file
     const x = 1;
     export {x};
@@ -498,34 +498,34 @@ tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(84,21): error TS2835: Relative im
 !!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
     import * as m14 from "./index";
                          ~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
     import * as m15 from "./subfolder";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m16 from "./subfolder/";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m17 from "./subfolder/index";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
     import * as m18 from "./subfolder2";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m19 from "./subfolder2/";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m20 from "./subfolder2/index";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
     import * as m21 from "./subfolder2/another";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m22 from "./subfolder2/another/";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import * as m23 from "./subfolder2/another/index";
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
     void m1;
     void m2;
     void m3;
@@ -612,34 +612,34 @@ tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs(84,21): error TS2835: Relative im
 !!! error TS2307: Cannot find module './' or its corresponding type declarations.
     const _m36 = import("./index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './index.mjs'?
     const _m37 = import("./subfolder");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m38 = import("./subfolder/");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m39 = import("./subfolder/index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder/index.mjs'?
     const _m40 = import("./subfolder2");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m41 = import("./subfolder2/");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m42 = import("./subfolder2/index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/index.mjs'?
     const _m43 = import("./subfolder2/another");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m44 = import("./subfolder2/another/");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     const _m45 = import("./subfolder2/another/index");
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
+!!! error TS2835: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Did you mean './subfolder2/another/index.mjs'?
     
     // esm format file
     const x = 1;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsCjsFromJs(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsCjsFromJs(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8ec82fe7e05ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsCjsFromJs(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/foo.cjs ===
+exports.foo = "foo"
+>exports.foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(foo.cjs, 0, 0))
+>exports : Symbol(foo, Decl(foo.cjs, 0, 0))
+>foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(foo.cjs, 0, 0))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/bar.ts ===
+import foo from "./foo.cjs"
+>foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(bar.ts, 0, 6))
+
+foo.foo;
+>foo.foo : Symbol(foo.foo, Decl(foo.cjs, 0, 0))
+>foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(bar.ts, 0, 6))
+>foo : Symbol(foo.foo, Decl(foo.cjs, 0, 0))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsCjsFromJs(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsCjsFromJs(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7559910259cdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsCjsFromJs(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/foo.cjs ===
+exports.foo = "foo"
+>exports.foo = "foo" : "foo"
+>exports.foo : "foo"
+>exports : typeof import("tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/foo")
+>foo : "foo"
+>"foo" : "foo"
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/bar.ts ===
+import foo from "./foo.cjs"
+>foo : typeof foo
+
+foo.foo;
+>foo.foo : "foo"
+>foo : typeof foo
+>foo : "foo"
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..83e50c001e74c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'package/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(4,23): error TS1471: Module 'package' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts(2,13): error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts(2,13): error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+    import * as type from "package";
+    cjs;
+    mjs;
+    type;
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+    import * as typei from "inner";
+    import * as ts from "inner/types";
+    cjsi.mjsSource;
+    mjsi.mjsSource;
+    typei.mjsSource;
+    ts.mjsSource;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+    import * as type from "package";
+    cjs;
+    mjs;
+    type;
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+    import * as typei from "inner";
+    import * as ts from "inner/types";
+    cjsi.mjsSource;
+    mjsi.mjsSource;
+    typei.mjsSource;
+    ts.mjsSource;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs (2 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'package/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "package";
+                          ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'package' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    cjs;
+    mjs;
+    type;
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+    import * as typei from "inner";
+    import * as ts from "inner/types";
+    cjsi.cjsSource;
+    mjsi.cjsSource;
+    typei.implicitCjsSource;
+    ts.cjsSource;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts (1 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+                ~~~
+!!! error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+    import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+    import * as type from "inner";
+    import * as ts from "inner/types";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+    export { ts };
+    export const implicitCjsSource = true;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts (1 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+                ~~~
+!!! error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+    import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+    import * as type from "inner";
+    import * as ts from "inner/types";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+    export { ts };
+    export const mjsSource = true;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts (0 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+    import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+    import * as type from "inner";
+    import * as ts from "inner/types";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+    export { ts };
+    export const cjsSource = true;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": {
+            "./cjs": "./index.cjs",
+            "./mjs": "./index.mjs",
+            ".": "./index.js"
+        }
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "inner",
+        "private": true,
+        "exports": {
+            "./a": {
+                "require": "./index.cjs",
+                "node": "./index.mjs"
+            },
+            "./b": {
+                "import": "./index.mjs",
+                "node": "./index.cjs"
+            },
+            ".": {
+                "import": "./index.mjs",
+                "node": "./index.js"
+            },
+            "./types": {
+                "types": {
+                    "import": "./index.d.mts",
+                    "require": "./index.d.cts",
+                },
+                "node": {
+                    "import": "./index.mjs",
+                    "require": "./index.cjs"
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..bd0f2a7780760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsConditionalPackageExports.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+cjsi.mjsSource;
+mjsi.mjsSource;
+typei.mjsSource;
+ts.mjsSource;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+cjsi.mjsSource;
+mjsi.mjsSource;
+typei.mjsSource;
+ts.mjsSource;
+//// [index.cjs]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+cjsi.cjsSource;
+mjsi.cjsSource;
+typei.implicitCjsSource;
+ts.cjsSource;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+import * as type from "inner";
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+export { ts };
+export const implicitCjsSource = true;
+//// [index.d.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+import * as type from "inner";
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+export { ts };
+export const mjsSource = true;
+//// [index.d.cts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+import * as type from "inner";
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+export { ts };
+export const cjsSource = true;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": {
+        "./cjs": "./index.cjs",
+        "./mjs": "./index.mjs",
+        ".": "./index.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "inner",
+    "private": true,
+    "exports": {
+        "./a": {
+            "require": "./index.cjs",
+            "node": "./index.mjs"
+        },
+        "./b": {
+            "import": "./index.mjs",
+            "node": "./index.cjs"
+        },
+        ".": {
+            "import": "./index.mjs",
+            "node": "./index.js"
+        },
+        "./types": {
+            "types": {
+                "import": "./index.d.mts",
+                "require": "./index.d.cts",
+            },
+            "node": {
+                "import": "./index.mjs",
+                "require": "./index.cjs"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+cjsi.mjsSource;
+mjsi.mjsSource;
+typei.mjsSource;
+ts.mjsSource;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+cjsi.mjsSource;
+mjsi.mjsSource;
+typei.mjsSource;
+ts.mjsSource;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// cjs format file
+const cjs = __importStar(require("package/cjs"));
+const mjs = __importStar(require("package/mjs"));
+const type = __importStar(require("package"));
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+const cjsi = __importStar(require("inner/a"));
+const mjsi = __importStar(require("inner/b"));
+const typei = __importStar(require("inner"));
+const ts = __importStar(require("inner/types"));
+cjsi.cjsSource;
+mjsi.cjsSource;
+typei.implicitCjsSource;
+ts.cjsSource;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ce8944196c089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.js, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.js, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.js, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.js, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.js, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.js, 3, 6))
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.js, 7, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.js, 8, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.js, 9, 6))
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : Symbol(ts, Decl(index.js, 10, 6))
+
+cjsi.mjsSource;
+>cjsi.mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.js, 7, 6))
+>mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+
+mjsi.mjsSource;
+>mjsi.mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.js, 8, 6))
+>mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+
+typei.mjsSource;
+>typei.mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.js, 9, 6))
+>mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+
+ts.mjsSource;
+>ts.mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+>ts : Symbol(ts, Decl(index.js, 10, 6))
+>mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.mjs, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.mjs, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.mjs, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.mjs, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.mjs, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.mjs, 3, 6))
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.mjs, 7, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.mjs, 8, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.mjs, 9, 6))
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : Symbol(ts, Decl(index.mjs, 10, 6))
+
+cjsi.mjsSource;
+>cjsi.mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.mjs, 7, 6))
+>mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+
+mjsi.mjsSource;
+>mjsi.mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.mjs, 8, 6))
+>mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+
+typei.mjsSource;
+>typei.mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.mjs, 9, 6))
+>mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+
+ts.mjsSource;
+>ts.mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+>ts : Symbol(ts, Decl(index.mjs, 10, 6))
+>mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.cjs, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.cjs, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.cjs, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.cjs, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.cjs, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.cjs, 3, 6))
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.cjs, 7, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.cjs, 8, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.cjs, 9, 6))
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : Symbol(ts, Decl(index.cjs, 10, 6))
+
+cjsi.cjsSource;
+>cjsi.cjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.cjsSource, Decl(index.d.cts, 9, 12))
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.cjs, 7, 6))
+>cjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.cjsSource, Decl(index.d.cts, 9, 12))
+
+mjsi.cjsSource;
+>mjsi.cjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.cjsSource, Decl(index.d.cts, 9, 12))
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.cjs, 8, 6))
+>cjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.cjsSource, Decl(index.d.cts, 9, 12))
+
+typei.implicitCjsSource;
+>typei.implicitCjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.type.implicitCjsSource, Decl(index.d.ts, 9, 12))
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.cjs, 9, 6))
+>implicitCjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.type.implicitCjsSource, Decl(index.d.ts, 9, 12))
+
+ts.cjsSource;
+>ts.cjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.cjsSource, Decl(index.d.cts, 9, 12))
+>ts : Symbol(ts, Decl(index.cjs, 10, 6))
+>cjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.cjsSource, Decl(index.d.cts, 9, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.ts, 3, 6))
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : Symbol(ts, Decl(index.d.ts, 4, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(mjs.type.cjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 5, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs.type.mjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 6, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(mjs.type.type, Decl(index.d.ts, 7, 8))
+
+export { ts };
+>ts : Symbol(mjs.type.ts, Decl(index.d.ts, 8, 8))
+
+export const implicitCjsSource = true;
+>implicitCjsSource : Symbol(mjs.type.implicitCjsSource, Decl(index.d.ts, 9, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.mts, 3, 6))
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : Symbol(ts, Decl(index.d.mts, 4, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(mjs.cjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 5, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs.mjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 6, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(mjs.type, Decl(index.d.mts, 7, 8))
+
+export { ts };
+>ts : Symbol(mjs.ts, Decl(index.d.mts, 8, 8))
+
+export const mjsSource = true;
+>mjsSource : Symbol(mjs.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.cts, 3, 6))
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : Symbol(ts, Decl(index.d.cts, 4, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 5, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(cjs.mjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 6, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(cjs.type, Decl(index.d.cts, 7, 8))
+
+export { ts };
+>ts : Symbol(cjs.ts, Decl(index.d.cts, 8, 8))
+
+export const cjsSource = true;
+>cjsSource : Symbol(cjs.cjsSource, Decl(index.d.cts, 9, 12))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7b1fe309bb0dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : typeof cjsi
+
+cjsi.mjsSource;
+>cjsi.mjsSource : true
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+>mjsSource : true
+
+mjsi.mjsSource;
+>mjsi.mjsSource : true
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi
+>mjsSource : true
+
+typei.mjsSource;
+>typei.mjsSource : true
+>typei : typeof cjsi
+>mjsSource : true
+
+ts.mjsSource;
+>ts.mjsSource : true
+>ts : typeof cjsi
+>mjsSource : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : typeof cjsi
+
+cjsi.mjsSource;
+>cjsi.mjsSource : true
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+>mjsSource : true
+
+mjsi.mjsSource;
+>mjsi.mjsSource : true
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi
+>mjsSource : true
+
+typei.mjsSource;
+>typei.mjsSource : true
+>typei : typeof cjsi
+>mjsSource : true
+
+ts.mjsSource;
+>ts.mjsSource : true
+>ts : typeof cjsi
+>mjsSource : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : typeof cjsi.type
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : typeof cjsi
+
+cjsi.cjsSource;
+>cjsi.cjsSource : true
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+>cjsSource : true
+
+mjsi.cjsSource;
+>mjsi.cjsSource : true
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi
+>cjsSource : true
+
+typei.implicitCjsSource;
+>typei.implicitCjsSource : true
+>typei : typeof cjsi.type
+>implicitCjsSource : true
+
+ts.cjsSource;
+>ts.cjsSource : true
+>ts : typeof cjsi
+>cjsSource : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+>cjs : any
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : typeof mjs.type
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : typeof mjs
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : any
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof mjs.type
+
+export { ts };
+>ts : typeof mjs
+
+export const implicitCjsSource = true;
+>implicitCjsSource : true
+>true : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+>cjs : any
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : typeof mjs
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : typeof mjs
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : any
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof mjs
+
+export { ts };
+>ts : typeof mjs
+
+export const mjsSource = true;
+>mjsSource : true
+>true : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+>mjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : typeof cjs.type
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : typeof cjs
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof cjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof cjs.type
+
+export { ts };
+>ts : typeof cjs
+
+export const cjsSource = true;
+>cjsSource : true
+>true : true
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsDynamicImport(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsDynamicImport(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..471912e1192d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsDynamicImport(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsDynamicImport.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.js]
+// cjs format file
+export async function main() {
+    const { readFile } = await import("fs");
+}
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+export async function main() {
+    const { readFile } = await import("fs");
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+//// [types.d.ts]
+declare module "fs";
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.main = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+async function main() {
+    const { readFile } = await import("fs");
+}
+exports.main = main;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+export async function main() {
+    const { readFile } = await import("fs");
+}
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export function main(): Promise<void>;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export function main(): Promise<void>;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsDynamicImport(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsDynamicImport(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0b0c85a01f192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsDynamicImport(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+export async function main() {
+>main : Symbol(main, Decl(index.js, 0, 0))
+
+    const { readFile } = await import("fs");
+>readFile : Symbol(readFile, Decl(index.js, 2, 11))
+>"fs" : Symbol("fs", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+}
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+export async function main() {
+>main : Symbol(main, Decl(index.js, 0, 0))
+
+    const { readFile } = await import("fs");
+>readFile : Symbol(readFile, Decl(index.js, 2, 11))
+>"fs" : Symbol("fs", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+}
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : Symbol("fs", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsDynamicImport(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsDynamicImport(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..650fcf3a63733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsDynamicImport(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+export async function main() {
+>main : () => Promise<void>
+
+    const { readFile } = await import("fs");
+>readFile : any
+>await import("fs") : any
+>import("fs") : Promise<any>
+>"fs" : "fs"
+}
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+export async function main() {
+>main : () => Promise<void>
+
+    const { readFile } = await import("fs");
+>readFile : any
+>await import("fs") : any
+>import("fs") : Promise<any>
+>"fs" : "fs"
+}
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : any
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsExportAssignment(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsExportAssignment(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a0a3d489f44cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsExportAssignment(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/file.js(4,1): error TS2580: Cannot find name 'module'. Do you need to install type definitions for node? Try `npm i --save-dev @types/node`.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(3,1): error TS1203: Export assignment cannot be used when targeting ECMAScript modules. Consider using 'export default' or another module format instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(3,1): error TS8003: 'export =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(3,1): error TS8003: 'export =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js (1 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const a = {};
+    export = a;
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8003: 'export =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/file.js (0 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const a = {};
+    module.exports = a;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js (2 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const a = {};
+    export = a;
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1203: Export assignment cannot be used when targeting ECMAScript modules. Consider using 'export default' or another module format instead.
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8003: 'export =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/file.js (1 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import "fs";
+    const a = {};
+    module.exports = a;
+    ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2580: Cannot find name 'module'. Do you need to install type definitions for node? Try `npm i --save-dev @types/node`.
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsExportAssignment(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsExportAssignment(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..10d6da622e9a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsExportAssignment(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsExportAssignment.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.js]
+// cjs format file
+const a = {};
+export = a;
+//// [file.js]
+// cjs format file
+const a = {};
+module.exports = a;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+const a = {};
+export = a;
+//// [file.js]
+// esm format file
+import "fs";
+const a = {};
+module.exports = a;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+// cjs format file
+const a = {};
+module.exports = a;
+//// [file.js]
+// cjs format file
+const a = {};
+module.exports = a;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+const a = {};
+export {};
+//// [file.js]
+// esm format file
+import "fs";
+const a = {};
+module.exports = a;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export = a;
+declare const a: {};
+//// [file.d.ts]
+export = a;
+declare const a: {};
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export = a;
+declare const a: {};
+//// [file.d.ts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsExportAssignment(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsExportAssignment(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4e0e3aed1a9a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsExportAssignment(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+const a = {};
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(index.js, 1, 5))
+
+export = a;
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(index.js, 1, 5))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/file.js ===
+// cjs format file
+const a = {};
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(file.js, 1, 5))
+
+module.exports = a;
+>module.exports : Symbol(module.exports, Decl(file.js, 0, 0))
+>module : Symbol(export=, Decl(file.js, 1, 13))
+>exports : Symbol(export=, Decl(file.js, 1, 13))
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(file.js, 1, 5))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+const a = {};
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(index.js, 1, 5))
+
+export = a;
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(index.js, 1, 5))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/file.js ===
+// esm format file
+import "fs";
+const a = {};
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(file.js, 2, 5))
+
+module.exports = a;
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(file.js, 2, 5))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsExportAssignment(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsExportAssignment(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e6543212f665f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsExportAssignment(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+const a = {};
+>a : {}
+>{} : {}
+
+export = a;
+>a : {}
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/file.js ===
+// cjs format file
+const a = {};
+>a : {}
+>{} : {}
+
+module.exports = a;
+>module.exports = a : {}
+>module.exports : {}
+>module : { exports: {}; }
+>exports : {}
+>a : {}
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+const a = {};
+>a : {}
+>{} : {}
+
+export = a;
+>a : {}
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/file.js ===
+// esm format file
+import "fs";
+const a = {};
+>a : {}
+>{} : {}
+
+module.exports = a;
+>module.exports = a : any
+>module.exports : any
+>module : any
+>exports : any
+>a : {}
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ed3dc20285bff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(2,10): error TS2441: Duplicate identifier 'require'. Compiler reserves name 'require' in top level scope of a module.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(3,7): error TS2441: Duplicate identifier 'exports'. Compiler reserves name 'exports' in top level scope of a module.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(4,7): error TS2725: Class name cannot be 'Object' when targeting ES5 with module Node16.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(5,14): error TS1216: Identifier expected. '__esModule' is reserved as an exported marker when transforming ECMAScript modules.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js (4 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    function require() {}
+             ~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2441: Duplicate identifier 'require'. Compiler reserves name 'require' in top level scope of a module.
+    const exports = {};
+          ~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2441: Duplicate identifier 'exports'. Compiler reserves name 'exports' in top level scope of a module.
+    class Object {}
+          ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2725: Class name cannot be 'Object' when targeting ES5 with module Node16.
+    export const __esModule = false;
+                 ~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1216: Identifier expected. '__esModule' is reserved as an exported marker when transforming ECMAScript modules.
+    export {require, exports, Object};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    function require() {}
+    const exports = {};
+    class Object {}
+    export const __esModule = false;
+    export {require, exports, Object};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3900870c747d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsGeneratedNameCollisions.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.js]
+// cjs format file
+function require() {}
+const exports = {};
+class Object {}
+export const __esModule = false;
+export {require, exports, Object};
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+function require() {}
+const exports = {};
+class Object {}
+export const __esModule = false;
+export {require, exports, Object};
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.Object = exports.exports = exports.require = exports.__esModule = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+function require() { }
+exports.require = require;
+const exports = {};
+exports.exports = exports;
+class Object {
+}
+exports.Object = Object;
+exports.__esModule = false;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+function require() { }
+const exports = {};
+class Object {
+}
+export const __esModule = false;
+export { require, exports, Object };
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export const __esModule: false;
+export function require(): void;
+export const exports: {};
+export class Object {
+}
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export const __esModule: false;
+export function require(): void;
+export const exports: {};
+export class Object {
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8565d39212c8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+function require() {}
+>require : Symbol(require, Decl(index.js, 0, 0))
+
+const exports = {};
+>exports : Symbol(exports, Decl(index.js, 2, 5))
+
+class Object {}
+>Object : Symbol(Object, Decl(index.js, 2, 19))
+
+export const __esModule = false;
+>__esModule : Symbol(__esModule, Decl(index.js, 4, 12))
+
+export {require, exports, Object};
+>require : Symbol(require, Decl(index.js, 5, 8))
+>exports : Symbol(exports, Decl(index.js, 5, 16))
+>Object : Symbol(Object, Decl(index.js, 5, 25))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+function require() {}
+>require : Symbol(require, Decl(index.js, 0, 0))
+
+const exports = {};
+>exports : Symbol(exports, Decl(index.js, 2, 5))
+
+class Object {}
+>Object : Symbol(Object, Decl(index.js, 2, 19))
+
+export const __esModule = false;
+>__esModule : Symbol(__esModule, Decl(index.js, 4, 12))
+
+export {require, exports, Object};
+>require : Symbol(require, Decl(index.js, 5, 8))
+>exports : Symbol(exports, Decl(index.js, 5, 16))
+>Object : Symbol(Object, Decl(index.js, 5, 25))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a290eb3ca58e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+function require() {}
+>require : () => void
+
+const exports = {};
+>exports : {}
+>{} : {}
+
+class Object {}
+>Object : Object
+
+export const __esModule = false;
+>__esModule : false
+>false : false
+
+export {require, exports, Object};
+>require : () => void
+>exports : {}
+>Object : typeof Object
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+function require() {}
+>require : () => void
+
+const exports = {};
+>exports : {}
+>{} : {}
+
+class Object {}
+>Object : Object
+
+export const __esModule = false;
+>__esModule : false
+>false : false
+
+export {require, exports, Object};
+>require : () => void
+>exports : {}
+>Object : typeof Object
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportAssignment(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportAssignment(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..bbc352d7a78d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportAssignment(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/file.js(4,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/file.js(6,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(2,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(4,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(2,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(4,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js (2 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import fs = require("fs");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    fs.readFile;
+    export import fs2 = require("fs");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js (2 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import fs = require("fs");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    fs.readFile;
+    export import fs2 = require("fs");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/file.js (2 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const __require = null;
+    const _createRequire = null;
+    import fs = require("fs");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    fs.readFile;
+    export import fs2 = require("fs");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/types.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    declare module "fs";
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportAssignment(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportAssignment(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1e97293cca863
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportAssignment(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportAssignment.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.js]
+// cjs format file
+import fs = require("fs");
+fs.readFile;
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import fs = require("fs");
+fs.readFile;
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+//// [file.js]
+// esm format file
+const __require = null;
+const _createRequire = null;
+import fs = require("fs");
+fs.readFile;
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+//// [types.d.ts]
+declare module "fs";
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// cjs format file
+const fs = require("fs");
+fs.readFile;
+exports.fs2 = require("fs");
+//// [index.js]
+import { createRequire as _createRequire } from "module";
+const __require = _createRequire(import.meta.url);
+// esm format file
+const fs = __require("fs");
+fs.readFile;
+const fs2 = __require("fs");
+export { fs2 };
+//// [file.js]
+import { createRequire as _createRequire_1 } from "module";
+const __require_1 = _createRequire_1(import.meta.url);
+// esm format file
+const __require = null;
+const _createRequire = null;
+const fs = __require_1("fs");
+fs.readFile;
+const fs2 = __require_1("fs");
+export { fs2 };
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+/// <reference path="../../tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/types.d.ts" />
+import fs2 = require("fs");
+//// [index.d.ts]
+/// <reference path="../tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/types.d.ts" />
+import fs2 = require("fs");
+//// [file.d.ts]
+/// <reference path="../tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/types.d.ts" />
+import fs2 = require("fs");
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportAssignment(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportAssignment(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..11b3047ebcd76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportAssignment(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+import fs = require("fs");
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.js, 0, 0))
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.js, 0, 0))
+
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+>fs2 : Symbol(fs2, Decl(index.js, 2, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+import fs = require("fs");
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.js, 0, 0))
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.js, 0, 0))
+
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+>fs2 : Symbol(fs2, Decl(index.js, 2, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/file.js ===
+// esm format file
+const __require = null;
+>__require : Symbol(__require, Decl(file.js, 1, 5))
+
+const _createRequire = null;
+>_createRequire : Symbol(_createRequire, Decl(file.js, 2, 5))
+
+import fs = require("fs");
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(file.js, 2, 28))
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(file.js, 2, 28))
+
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+>fs2 : Symbol(fs2, Decl(file.js, 4, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : Symbol("fs", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportAssignment(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportAssignment(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2720b1f1b7dc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportAssignment(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+import fs = require("fs");
+>fs : any
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs.readFile : any
+>fs : any
+>readFile : any
+
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+>fs2 : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+import fs = require("fs");
+>fs : any
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs.readFile : any
+>fs : any
+>readFile : any
+
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+>fs2 : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/file.js ===
+// esm format file
+const __require = null;
+>__require : any
+>null : null
+
+const _createRequire = null;
+>_createRequire : any
+>null : null
+
+import fs = require("fs");
+>fs : any
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs.readFile : any
+>fs : any
+>readFile : any
+
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+>fs2 : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : any
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions1(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions1(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b75c1c1e6f563
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions1(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(2,9): error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__importDefault' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(4,1): error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__importStar' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js (2 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import {default as _fs} from "fs";
+            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__importDefault' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+    _fs.readFile;
+    import * as fs from "fs";
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__importStar' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+    fs.readFile;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import {default as _fs} from "fs";
+    _fs.readFile;
+    import * as fs from "fs";
+    fs.readFile;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/types.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    declare module "fs";
+    declare module "tslib" {
+        export {};
+        // intentionally missing all helpers
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions1(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions1(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a30d220227f20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions1(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions1.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.js]
+// cjs format file
+import {default as _fs} from "fs";
+_fs.readFile;
+import * as fs from "fs";
+fs.readFile;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import {default as _fs} from "fs";
+_fs.readFile;
+import * as fs from "fs";
+fs.readFile;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+//// [types.d.ts]
+declare module "fs";
+declare module "tslib" {
+    export {};
+    // intentionally missing all helpers
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+const tslib_1 = require("tslib");
+// cjs format file
+const fs_1 = tslib_1.__importDefault(require("fs"));
+fs_1.default.readFile;
+const fs = tslib_1.__importStar(require("fs"));
+fs.readFile;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import { default as _fs } from "fs";
+_fs.readFile;
+import * as fs from "fs";
+fs.readFile;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions1(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions1(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3822c3fa16d4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions1(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+import {default as _fs} from "fs";
+>default : Symbol(_fs, Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>_fs : Symbol(_fs, Decl(index.js, 1, 8))
+
+_fs.readFile;
+>_fs : Symbol(_fs, Decl(index.js, 1, 8))
+
+import * as fs from "fs";
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.js, 3, 6))
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.js, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+import {default as _fs} from "fs";
+>default : Symbol(_fs, Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>_fs : Symbol(_fs, Decl(index.js, 1, 8))
+
+_fs.readFile;
+>_fs : Symbol(_fs, Decl(index.js, 1, 8))
+
+import * as fs from "fs";
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.js, 3, 6))
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.js, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : Symbol("fs", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+declare module "tslib" {
+>"tslib" : Symbol("tslib", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 20))
+
+    export {};
+    // intentionally missing all helpers
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions1(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions1(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0b27106eae059
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions1(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+import {default as _fs} from "fs";
+>default : any
+>_fs : any
+
+_fs.readFile;
+>_fs.readFile : any
+>_fs : any
+>readFile : any
+
+import * as fs from "fs";
+>fs : any
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs.readFile : any
+>fs : any
+>readFile : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+import {default as _fs} from "fs";
+>default : any
+>_fs : any
+
+_fs.readFile;
+>_fs.readFile : any
+>_fs : any
+>readFile : any
+
+import * as fs from "fs";
+>fs : any
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs.readFile : any
+>fs : any
+>readFile : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : any
+
+declare module "tslib" {
+>"tslib" : typeof import("tslib")
+
+    export {};
+    // intentionally missing all helpers
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e07871859dbc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.ts(2,1): error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__exportStar' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.ts(3,1): error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__importStar' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.ts (2 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    export * from "fs";
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__exportStar' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+    export * as fs from "fs";
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__importStar' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    export * from "fs";
+    export * as fs from "fs";
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/types.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    declare module "fs";
+    declare module "tslib" {
+        export {};
+        // intentionally missing all helpers
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f689312eb37ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions2.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// cjs format file
+export * from "fs";
+export * as fs from "fs";
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+export * from "fs";
+export * as fs from "fs";
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+//// [types.d.ts]
+declare module "fs";
+declare module "tslib" {
+    export {};
+    // intentionally missing all helpers
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.fs = void 0;
+const tslib_1 = require("tslib");
+// cjs format file
+tslib_1.__exportStar(require("fs"), exports);
+exports.fs = tslib_1.__importStar(require("fs"));
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+export * from "fs";
+export * as fs from "fs";
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export * from "fs";
+export * as fs from "fs";
+//// [index.d.ts]
+/// <reference path="../tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/types.d.ts" />
+export * from "fs";
+export * as fs from "fs";
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..46c533db2dc75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+export * from "fs";
+export * as fs from "fs";
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+export * from "fs";
+export * as fs from "fs";
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.js, 2, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : Symbol("fs", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+declare module "tslib" {
+>"tslib" : Symbol("tslib", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 20))
+
+    export {};
+    // intentionally missing all helpers
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..bbcb3d2993101
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+export * from "fs";
+export * as fs from "fs";
+>fs : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+export * from "fs";
+export * as fs from "fs";
+>fs : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : any
+
+declare module "tslib" {
+>"tslib" : typeof import("tslib")
+
+    export {};
+    // intentionally missing all helpers
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..cd8457101bb44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(2,9): error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__importDefault' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js (1 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    export {default} from "fs";
+            ~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__importDefault' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+    export {default as foo} from "fs";
+    export {bar as baz} from "fs";
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    export {default} from "fs";
+    export {default as foo} from "fs";
+    export {bar as baz} from "fs";
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/types.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    declare module "fs";
+    declare module "tslib" {
+        export {};
+        // intentionally missing all helpers
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8e07883b7276b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions3.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.js]
+// cjs format file
+export {default} from "fs";
+export {default as foo} from "fs";
+export {bar as baz} from "fs";
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+export {default} from "fs";
+export {default as foo} from "fs";
+export {bar as baz} from "fs";
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+//// [types.d.ts]
+declare module "fs";
+declare module "tslib" {
+    export {};
+    // intentionally missing all helpers
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+var __importDefault = (this && this.__importDefault) || function (mod) {
+    return (mod && mod.__esModule) ? mod : { "default": mod };
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.baz = exports.foo = exports.default = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+var fs_1 = require("fs");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "default", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return __importDefault(fs_1).default; } });
+var fs_2 = require("fs");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "foo", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return __importDefault(fs_2).default; } });
+var fs_3 = require("fs");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "baz", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return fs_3.bar; } });
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+export { default } from "fs";
+export { default as foo } from "fs";
+export { bar as baz } from "fs";
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export { default, default as foo, bar as baz } from "fs";
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export { default, default as foo, bar as baz } from "fs";
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..767be993d649b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+export {default} from "fs";
+>default : Symbol(default, Decl(index.js, 1, 8))
+
+export {default as foo} from "fs";
+>default : Symbol("fs", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(index.js, 2, 8))
+
+export {bar as baz} from "fs";
+>bar : Symbol("fs", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>baz : Symbol(baz, Decl(index.js, 3, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+export {default} from "fs";
+>default : Symbol(default, Decl(index.js, 1, 8))
+
+export {default as foo} from "fs";
+>default : Symbol("fs", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(index.js, 2, 8))
+
+export {bar as baz} from "fs";
+>bar : Symbol("fs", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>baz : Symbol(baz, Decl(index.js, 3, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : Symbol("fs", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+declare module "tslib" {
+>"tslib" : Symbol("tslib", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 20))
+
+    export {};
+    // intentionally missing all helpers
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b07207ec08de4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+export {default} from "fs";
+>default : any
+
+export {default as foo} from "fs";
+>default : any
+>foo : any
+
+export {bar as baz} from "fs";
+>bar : any
+>baz : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+export {default} from "fs";
+>default : any
+
+export {default as foo} from "fs";
+>default : any
+>foo : any
+
+export {bar as baz} from "fs";
+>bar : any
+>baz : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : any
+
+declare module "tslib" {
+>"tslib" : typeof import("tslib")
+
+    export {};
+    // intentionally missing all helpers
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportMeta(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportMeta(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7f8ce4691522c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportMeta(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(2,11): error TS1470: The 'import.meta' meta-property is not allowed in files which will build into CommonJS output.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js (1 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = import.meta.url;
+              ~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1470: The 'import.meta' meta-property is not allowed in files which will build into CommonJS output.
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const x = import.meta.url;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportMeta(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportMeta(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7e6d01b7daf2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportMeta(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportMeta.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.js]
+// cjs format file
+const x = import.meta.url;
+export {x};
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+const x = import.meta.url;
+export {x};
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = import.meta.url;
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+const x = import.meta.url;
+export { x };
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export const x: string;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export const x: string;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportMeta(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportMeta(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..89649ba7b33ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportMeta(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = import.meta.url;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.js, 1, 5))
+>import.meta.url : Symbol(ImportMeta.url, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+>import.meta : Symbol(ImportMeta, Decl(lib.es5.d.ts, --, --), Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+>meta : Symbol(ImportMetaExpression.meta)
+>url : Symbol(ImportMeta.url, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.js, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+const x = import.meta.url;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.js, 1, 5))
+>import.meta.url : Symbol(ImportMeta.url, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+>import.meta : Symbol(ImportMeta, Decl(lib.es5.d.ts, --, --), Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+>meta : Symbol(ImportMetaExpression.meta)
+>url : Symbol(ImportMeta.url, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.js, 2, 8))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportMeta(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportMeta(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..de6d0c96059f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsImportMeta(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = import.meta.url;
+>x : string
+>import.meta.url : string
+>import.meta : ImportMeta
+>meta : any
+>url : string
+
+export {x};
+>x : string
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+const x = import.meta.url;
+>x : string
+>import.meta.url : string
+>import.meta : ImportMeta
+>meta : any
+>url : string
+
+export {x};
+>x : string
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageExports(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageExports(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e6f4b3ce2eb2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageExports(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'package/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(4,23): error TS1471: Module 'package' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(9,23): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts(2,13): error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+    import * as type from "package";
+    cjs;
+    mjs;
+    type;
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+    import * as typei from "inner";
+    cjsi;
+    mjsi;
+    typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+    import * as type from "package";
+    cjs;
+    mjs;
+    type;
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+    import * as typei from "inner";
+    cjsi;
+    mjsi;
+    typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs (3 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'package/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "package";
+                          ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'package' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    cjs;
+    mjs;
+    type;
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as typei from "inner";
+    cjsi;
+    mjsi;
+    typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts (2 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+                ~~~
+!!! error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "inner";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+    import * as type from "inner";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts (1 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "inner";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": {
+            "./cjs": "./index.cjs",
+            "./mjs": "./index.mjs",
+            ".": "./index.js"
+        }
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "inner",
+        "private": true,
+        "exports": {
+            "./cjs": "./index.cjs",
+            "./mjs": "./index.mjs",
+            ".": "./index.js"
+        }
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageExports(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageExports(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..cce457e2d41c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageExports(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageExports.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.cjs]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+import * as type from "inner";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+//// [index.d.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+import * as type from "inner";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+//// [index.d.cts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+import * as type from "inner";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": {
+        "./cjs": "./index.cjs",
+        "./mjs": "./index.mjs",
+        ".": "./index.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "inner",
+    "private": true,
+    "exports": {
+        "./cjs": "./index.cjs",
+        "./mjs": "./index.mjs",
+        ".": "./index.js"
+    }
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// cjs format file
+const cjs = __importStar(require("package/cjs"));
+const mjs = __importStar(require("package/mjs"));
+const type = __importStar(require("package"));
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+const cjsi = __importStar(require("inner/cjs"));
+const mjsi = __importStar(require("inner/mjs"));
+const typei = __importStar(require("inner"));
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageExports(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageExports(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..44c1af0264852
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageExports(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.js, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.js, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.js, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.js, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.js, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.js, 3, 6))
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.js, 7, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.js, 8, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.js, 9, 6))
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.js, 7, 6))
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.js, 8, 6))
+
+typei;
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.js, 9, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.mjs, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.mjs, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.mjs, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.mjs, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.mjs, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.mjs, 3, 6))
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.mjs, 7, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.mjs, 8, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.mjs, 9, 6))
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.mjs, 7, 6))
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.mjs, 8, 6))
+
+typei;
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.mjs, 9, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.cjs, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.cjs, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.cjs, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.cjs, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.cjs, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.cjs, 3, 6))
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.cjs, 7, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.cjs, 8, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.cjs, 9, 6))
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.cjs, 7, 6))
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.cjs, 8, 6))
+
+typei;
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.cjs, 9, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.ts, 3, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(mjs.cjs.cjs.type.cjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 4, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs.cjs.cjs.type.mjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 5, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(mjs.cjs.cjs.type.type, Decl(index.d.ts, 6, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.mts, 3, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs.mjs.cjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 4, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs.mjs.mjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 5, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(cjs.cjs.mjs.type, Decl(index.d.mts, 6, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.cts, 3, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 4, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(cjs.mjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 5, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(cjs.type, Decl(index.d.cts, 6, 8))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageExports(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageExports(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f610f5095dde4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageExports(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+typei;
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+typei;
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.mjs
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : typeof cjsi.mjs.cjs.type
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.mjs
+
+typei;
+>typei : typeof cjsi.mjs.cjs.type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+>cjs : any
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : typeof mjs.cjs.cjs.type
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : any
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof mjs.cjs.cjs.type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs.type
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs.type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof cjs.mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : typeof cjs.mjs.cjs.type
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof cjs.mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof cjs.mjs.cjs.type
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageImports(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageImports(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..261be58f1a221
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageImports(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(3,22): error TS1471: Module '#mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(4,23): error TS1471: Module '#type' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+    import * as type from "#type";
+    cjs;
+    mjs;
+    type;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+    import * as type from "#type";
+    cjs;
+    mjs;
+    type;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs (2 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module '#mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "#type";
+                          ~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module '#type' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    cjs;
+    mjs;
+    type;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": "./index.js",
+        "imports": {
+            "#cjs": "./index.cjs",
+            "#mjs": "./index.mjs",
+            "#type": "./index.js"
+        }
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageImports(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageImports(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..634e532de497a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageImports(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageImports.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+import * as type from "#type";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+import * as type from "#type";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+//// [index.cjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+import * as type from "#type";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": "./index.js",
+    "imports": {
+        "#cjs": "./index.cjs",
+        "#mjs": "./index.mjs",
+        "#type": "./index.js"
+    }
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+import * as type from "#type";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+import * as type from "#type";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// esm format file
+const cjs = __importStar(require("#cjs"));
+const mjs = __importStar(require("#mjs"));
+const type = __importStar(require("#type"));
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageImports(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageImports(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..196837bc0bcf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageImports(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.js, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.js, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.js, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.js, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.js, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.js, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.mjs, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.mjs, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.mjs, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.mjs, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.mjs, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.mjs, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.cjs, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.cjs, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.cjs, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.cjs, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.cjs, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.cjs, 3, 6))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageImports(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageImports(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6387f04fcb693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageImports(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExports(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExports(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0f1999477226b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExports(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(3,23): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts(2,13): error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+    import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+    cjsi;
+    mjsi;
+    typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+    import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+    cjsi;
+    mjsi;
+    typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs (1 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+    cjsi;
+    mjsi;
+    typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts (2 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+                ~~~
+!!! error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+    import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts (1 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "inner",
+        "private": true,
+        "exports": {
+            "./cjs/*": "./*.cjs",
+            "./mjs/*": "./*.mjs",
+            "./js/*": "./*.js"
+        }
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExports(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExports(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..db1bb37d36aac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExports(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExports.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.cjs]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+//// [index.d.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+//// [index.d.cts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "inner",
+    "private": true,
+    "exports": {
+        "./cjs/*": "./*.cjs",
+        "./mjs/*": "./*.mjs",
+        "./js/*": "./*.js"
+    }
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// cjs format file
+const cjsi = __importStar(require("inner/cjs/index"));
+const mjsi = __importStar(require("inner/mjs/index"));
+const typei = __importStar(require("inner/js/index"));
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExports(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExports(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..714bff6bd6b42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExports(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.js, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.js, 2, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.js, 3, 6))
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.js, 1, 6))
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.js, 2, 6))
+
+typei;
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.js, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.mjs, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.mjs, 2, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.mjs, 3, 6))
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.mjs, 1, 6))
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.mjs, 2, 6))
+
+typei;
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.mjs, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.cjs, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.cjs, 2, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.cjs, 3, 6))
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.cjs, 1, 6))
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.cjs, 2, 6))
+
+typei;
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.cjs, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.ts, 3, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(mjs.cjs.cjs.type.cjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 4, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs.cjs.cjs.type.mjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 5, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(mjs.cjs.cjs.type.type, Decl(index.d.ts, 6, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.mts, 3, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs.mjs.cjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 4, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs.mjs.mjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 5, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(cjs.cjs.mjs.type, Decl(index.d.mts, 6, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.cts, 3, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 4, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(cjs.mjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 5, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(cjs.type, Decl(index.d.cts, 6, 8))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExports(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExports(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2103a12734ab3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExports(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+typei;
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+typei;
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.mjs
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+>typei : typeof cjsi.mjs.cjs.type
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.mjs
+
+typei;
+>typei : typeof cjsi.mjs.cjs.type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjs : any
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+>type : typeof mjs.cjs.cjs.type
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : any
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof mjs.cjs.cjs.type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjs : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+>type : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs.type
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs.type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjs : typeof cjs.mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+>type : typeof cjs.mjs.cjs.type
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof cjs.mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof cjs.mjs.cjs.type
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b989016f16abe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs(3,23): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts(2,13): error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+    import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+    cjsi;
+    mjsi;
+    typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+    import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+    cjsi;
+    mjsi;
+    typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs (1 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+    cjsi;
+    mjsi;
+    typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts (2 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+                ~~~
+!!! error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+    import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts (1 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "inner",
+        "private": true,
+        "exports": {
+            "./cjs/*.cjs": "./*.cjs",
+            "./mjs/*.mjs": "./*.mjs",
+            "./js/*.js": "./*.js"
+        }
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e10a987a39924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExportsTrailers.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.cjs]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+//// [index.d.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+//// [index.d.cts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "inner",
+    "private": true,
+    "exports": {
+        "./cjs/*.cjs": "./*.cjs",
+        "./mjs/*.mjs": "./*.mjs",
+        "./js/*.js": "./*.js"
+    }
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// cjs format file
+const cjsi = __importStar(require("inner/cjs/index.cjs"));
+const mjsi = __importStar(require("inner/mjs/index.mjs"));
+const typei = __importStar(require("inner/js/index.js"));
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2e24aeb1a8303
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.js, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.js, 2, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.js, 3, 6))
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.js, 1, 6))
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.js, 2, 6))
+
+typei;
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.js, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.mjs, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.mjs, 2, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.mjs, 3, 6))
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.mjs, 1, 6))
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.mjs, 2, 6))
+
+typei;
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.mjs, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.cjs, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.cjs, 2, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.cjs, 3, 6))
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.cjs, 1, 6))
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.cjs, 2, 6))
+
+typei;
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.cjs, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.ts, 3, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(mjs.cjs.cjs.type.cjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 4, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs.cjs.cjs.type.mjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 5, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(mjs.cjs.cjs.type.type, Decl(index.d.ts, 6, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.mts, 3, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs.mjs.cjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 4, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs.mjs.mjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 5, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(cjs.cjs.mjs.type, Decl(index.d.mts, 6, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.cts, 3, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 4, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(cjs.mjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 5, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(cjs.type, Decl(index.d.cts, 6, 8))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..556b7c15a3d2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+typei;
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.mjs ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+typei;
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.cjs ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.mjs
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+>typei : typeof cjsi.mjs.cjs.type
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.mjs
+
+typei;
+>typei : typeof cjsi.mjs.cjs.type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjs : any
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+>type : typeof mjs.cjs.cjs.type
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : any
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof mjs.cjs.cjs.type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjs : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+>type : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs.type
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs.type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjs : typeof cjs.mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+>type : typeof cjs.mjs.cjs.type
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof cjs.mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof cjs.mjs.cjs.type
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c722192e6704e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(3,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(3,22): error TS1471: Module './index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js(5,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(2,17): error TS1471: Module '../index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(3,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(3,22): error TS1471: Module '../index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(5,1): error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js (4 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import {h} from "../index.js";
+                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module '../index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import mod = require("../index.js");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module '../index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import {f as _f} from "./index.js";
+    import mod2 = require("./index.js");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    export async function f() {
+        const mod3 = await import ("../index.js");
+        const mod4 = await import ("./index.js");
+        h();
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js (3 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import {h as _h} from "./index.js";
+    import mod = require("./index.js");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import {f} from "./subfolder/index.js";
+    import mod2 = require("./subfolder/index.js");
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS8002: 'import ... =' can only be used in TypeScript files.
+    export async function h() {
+        const mod3 = await import ("./index.js");
+        const mod4 = await import ("./subfolder/index.js");
+        f();
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a02ef88f1e524
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsSynchronousCallErrors.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.js]
+// cjs format file
+import {h} from "../index.js";
+import mod = require("../index.js");
+import {f as _f} from "./index.js";
+import mod2 = require("./index.js");
+export async function f() {
+    const mod3 = await import ("../index.js");
+    const mod4 = await import ("./index.js");
+    h();
+}
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import {h as _h} from "./index.js";
+import mod = require("./index.js");
+import {f} from "./subfolder/index.js";
+import mod2 = require("./subfolder/index.js");
+export async function h() {
+    const mod3 = await import ("./index.js");
+    const mod4 = await import ("./subfolder/index.js");
+    f();
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+import { f } from "./subfolder/index.js";
+export async function h() {
+    const mod3 = await import("./index.js");
+    const mod4 = await import("./subfolder/index.js");
+    f();
+}
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.f = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const index_js_1 = require("../index.js");
+async function f() {
+    const mod3 = await import("../index.js");
+    const mod4 = await import("./index.js");
+    (0, index_js_1.h)();
+}
+exports.f = f;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export function h(): Promise<void>;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export function f(): Promise<void>;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8cbba01b82f62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+import {h} from "../index.js";
+>h : Symbol(h, Decl(index.js, 1, 8))
+
+import mod = require("../index.js");
+>mod : Symbol(mod, Decl(index.js, 1, 30))
+
+import {f as _f} from "./index.js";
+>f : Symbol(f, Decl(index.js, 4, 36))
+>_f : Symbol(_f, Decl(index.js, 3, 8))
+
+import mod2 = require("./index.js");
+>mod2 : Symbol(mod2, Decl(index.js, 3, 35))
+
+export async function f() {
+>f : Symbol(f, Decl(index.js, 4, 36))
+
+    const mod3 = await import ("../index.js");
+>mod3 : Symbol(mod3, Decl(index.js, 6, 9))
+>"../index.js" : Symbol(mod, Decl(index.js, 0, 0))
+
+    const mod4 = await import ("./index.js");
+>mod4 : Symbol(mod4, Decl(index.js, 7, 9))
+>"./index.js" : Symbol(mod2, Decl(index.js, 0, 0))
+
+    h();
+>h : Symbol(h, Decl(index.js, 1, 8))
+}
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+import {h as _h} from "./index.js";
+>h : Symbol(h, Decl(index.js, 4, 46))
+>_h : Symbol(_h, Decl(index.js, 1, 8))
+
+import mod = require("./index.js");
+>mod : Symbol(mod, Decl(index.js, 1, 35))
+
+import {f} from "./subfolder/index.js";
+>f : Symbol(f, Decl(index.js, 3, 8))
+
+import mod2 = require("./subfolder/index.js");
+>mod2 : Symbol(mod2, Decl(index.js, 3, 39))
+
+export async function h() {
+>h : Symbol(h, Decl(index.js, 4, 46))
+
+    const mod3 = await import ("./index.js");
+>mod3 : Symbol(mod3, Decl(index.js, 6, 9))
+>"./index.js" : Symbol(mod, Decl(index.js, 0, 0))
+
+    const mod4 = await import ("./subfolder/index.js");
+>mod4 : Symbol(mod4, Decl(index.js, 7, 9))
+>"./subfolder/index.js" : Symbol(mod2, Decl(index.js, 0, 0))
+
+    f();
+>f : Symbol(f, Decl(index.js, 3, 8))
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..dde6770780839
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+import {h} from "../index.js";
+>h : () => Promise<void>
+
+import mod = require("../index.js");
+>mod : typeof mod
+
+import {f as _f} from "./index.js";
+>f : () => Promise<void>
+>_f : () => Promise<void>
+
+import mod2 = require("./index.js");
+>mod2 : typeof mod2
+
+export async function f() {
+>f : () => Promise<void>
+
+    const mod3 = await import ("../index.js");
+>mod3 : typeof mod
+>await import ("../index.js") : typeof mod
+>import ("../index.js") : Promise<typeof mod>
+>"../index.js" : "../index.js"
+
+    const mod4 = await import ("./index.js");
+>mod4 : { default: typeof mod2; f(): Promise<void>; }
+>await import ("./index.js") : { default: typeof mod2; f(): Promise<void>; }
+>import ("./index.js") : Promise<{ default: typeof mod2; f(): Promise<void>; }>
+>"./index.js" : "./index.js"
+
+    h();
+>h() : Promise<void>
+>h : () => Promise<void>
+}
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+import {h as _h} from "./index.js";
+>h : () => Promise<void>
+>_h : () => Promise<void>
+
+import mod = require("./index.js");
+>mod : typeof mod
+
+import {f} from "./subfolder/index.js";
+>f : () => Promise<void>
+
+import mod2 = require("./subfolder/index.js");
+>mod2 : typeof mod2
+
+export async function h() {
+>h : () => Promise<void>
+
+    const mod3 = await import ("./index.js");
+>mod3 : typeof mod
+>await import ("./index.js") : typeof mod
+>import ("./index.js") : Promise<typeof mod>
+>"./index.js" : "./index.js"
+
+    const mod4 = await import ("./subfolder/index.js");
+>mod4 : { default: typeof mod2; f(): Promise<void>; }
+>await import ("./subfolder/index.js") : { default: typeof mod2; f(): Promise<void>; }
+>import ("./subfolder/index.js") : Promise<{ default: typeof mod2; f(): Promise<void>; }>
+>"./subfolder/index.js" : "./subfolder/index.js"
+
+    f();
+>f() : Promise<void>
+>f : () => Promise<void>
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..00d2aa600be99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(2,11): error TS1309: The current file is a CommonJS module and cannot use 'await' at the top level.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(4,5): error TS1309: The current file is a CommonJS module and cannot use 'await' at the top level.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js (2 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = await 1;
+              ~~~~~
+!!! error TS1309: The current file is a CommonJS module and cannot use 'await' at the top level.
+    export {x};
+    for await (const y of []) {}
+        ~~~~~
+!!! error TS1309: The current file is a CommonJS module and cannot use 'await' at the top level.
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const x = await 1;
+    export {x};
+    for await (const y of []) {}
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..354fe725f0960
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.js]
+// cjs format file
+const x = await 1;
+export {x};
+for await (const y of []) {}
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+const x = await 1;
+export {x};
+for await (const y of []) {}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = await 1;
+exports.x = x;
+for await (const y of []) { }
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+const x = await 1;
+export { x };
+for await (const y of []) { }
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export const x: 1;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export const x: 1;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..09ad69c019c70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = await 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.js, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.js, 2, 8))
+
+for await (const y of []) {}
+>y : Symbol(y, Decl(index.js, 3, 16))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+const x = await 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.js, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.js, 2, 8))
+
+for await (const y of []) {}
+>y : Symbol(y, Decl(index.js, 3, 16))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b50bdd2c107e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = await 1;
+>x : 1
+>await 1 : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+for await (const y of []) {}
+>y : any
+>[] : undefined[]
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js ===
+// esm format file
+const x = await 1;
+>x : 1
+>await 1 : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+for await (const y of []) {}
+>y : any
+>[] : undefined[]
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait(module=nodenext).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait(module=nodenext).errors.txt
index 50ff19655e97d..00d2aa600be99 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait(module=nodenext).errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait(module=nodenext).errors.txt
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(2,11): error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(4,5): error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(2,11): error TS1309: The current file is a CommonJS module and cannot use 'await' at the top level.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js(4,5): error TS1309: The current file is a CommonJS module and cannot use 'await' at the top level.
 
 
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/subfolder/index.js (2 errors) ====
     // cjs format file
     const x = await 1;
               ~~~~~
-!!! error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+!!! error TS1309: The current file is a CommonJS module and cannot use 'await' at the top level.
     export {x};
     for await (const y of []) {}
         ~~~~~
-!!! error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+!!! error TS1309: The current file is a CommonJS module and cannot use 'await' at the top level.
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/index.js (0 errors) ====
     // esm format file
     const x = await 1;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesCjsFormatFileAlwaysHasDefault(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesCjsFormatFileAlwaysHasDefault(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f0c9198a51305
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesCjsFormatFileAlwaysHasDefault(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesCjsFormatFileAlwaysHasDefault.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// cjs format file
+export const a = 1;
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import mod from "./subfolder/index.js";
+mod;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.a = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+exports.a = 1;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import mod from "./subfolder/index.js";
+mod;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export declare const a = 1;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesCjsFormatFileAlwaysHasDefault(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesCjsFormatFileAlwaysHasDefault(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0d676181e2735
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesCjsFormatFileAlwaysHasDefault(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+export const a = 1;
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(index.ts, 1, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import mod from "./subfolder/index.js";
+>mod : Symbol(mod, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+mod;
+>mod : Symbol(mod, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesCjsFormatFileAlwaysHasDefault(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesCjsFormatFileAlwaysHasDefault(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..abbc4f1b40ee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesCjsFormatFileAlwaysHasDefault(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+export const a = 1;
+>a : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import mod from "./subfolder/index.js";
+>mod : typeof mod
+
+mod;
+>mod : typeof mod
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7397e1e1dbd27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'package/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(4,23): error TS1471: Module 'package' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts(2,13): error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts(2,13): error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+    import * as type from "package";
+    cjs;
+    mjs;
+    type;
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+    import * as typei from "inner";
+    import * as ts from "inner/types";
+    cjsi.mjsSource;
+    mjsi.mjsSource;
+    typei.mjsSource;
+    ts.mjsSource;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+    import * as type from "package";
+    cjs;
+    mjs;
+    type;
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+    import * as typei from "inner";
+    import * as ts from "inner/types";
+    cjsi.mjsSource;
+    mjsi.mjsSource;
+    typei.mjsSource;
+    ts.mjsSource;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts (2 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'package/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "package";
+                          ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'package' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    cjs;
+    mjs;
+    type;
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+    import * as typei from "inner";
+    import * as ts from "inner/types";
+    cjsi.cjsSource;
+    mjsi.cjsSource;
+    typei.implicitCjsSource;
+    ts.cjsSource;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts (1 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+                ~~~
+!!! error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+    import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+    import * as type from "inner";
+    import * as ts from "inner/types";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+    export { ts };
+    export const implicitCjsSource = true;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts (1 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+                ~~~
+!!! error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+    import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+    import * as type from "inner";
+    import * as ts from "inner/types";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+    export { ts };
+    export const mjsSource = true;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts (0 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+    import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+    import * as type from "inner";
+    import * as ts from "inner/types";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+    export { ts };
+    export const cjsSource = true;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": {
+            "./cjs": "./index.cjs",
+            "./mjs": "./index.mjs",
+            ".": "./index.js"
+        }
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "inner",
+        "private": true,
+        "exports": {
+            "./a": {
+                "require": "./index.cjs",
+                "node": "./index.mjs"
+            },
+            "./b": {
+                "import": "./index.mjs",
+                "node": "./index.cjs"
+            },
+            ".": {
+                "import": "./index.mjs",
+                "node": "./index.js"
+            },
+            "./types": {
+                "types": {
+                    "import": "./index.d.mts",
+                    "require": "./index.d.cts",
+                },
+                "node": {
+                    "import": "./index.mjs",
+                    "require": "./index.cjs"
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a67f7fdfdd48d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesConditionalPackageExports.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+cjsi.mjsSource;
+mjsi.mjsSource;
+typei.mjsSource;
+ts.mjsSource;
+//// [index.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+cjsi.mjsSource;
+mjsi.mjsSource;
+typei.mjsSource;
+ts.mjsSource;
+//// [index.cts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+cjsi.cjsSource;
+mjsi.cjsSource;
+typei.implicitCjsSource;
+ts.cjsSource;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+import * as type from "inner";
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+export { ts };
+export const implicitCjsSource = true;
+//// [index.d.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+import * as type from "inner";
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+export { ts };
+export const mjsSource = true;
+//// [index.d.cts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+import * as type from "inner";
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+export { ts };
+export const cjsSource = true;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": {
+        "./cjs": "./index.cjs",
+        "./mjs": "./index.mjs",
+        ".": "./index.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "inner",
+    "private": true,
+    "exports": {
+        "./a": {
+            "require": "./index.cjs",
+            "node": "./index.mjs"
+        },
+        "./b": {
+            "import": "./index.mjs",
+            "node": "./index.cjs"
+        },
+        ".": {
+            "import": "./index.mjs",
+            "node": "./index.js"
+        },
+        "./types": {
+            "types": {
+                "import": "./index.d.mts",
+                "require": "./index.d.cts",
+            },
+            "node": {
+                "import": "./index.mjs",
+                "require": "./index.cjs"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+cjsi.mjsSource;
+mjsi.mjsSource;
+typei.mjsSource;
+ts.mjsSource;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// cjs format file
+const cjs = __importStar(require("package/cjs"));
+const mjs = __importStar(require("package/mjs"));
+const type = __importStar(require("package"));
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+const cjsi = __importStar(require("inner/a"));
+const mjsi = __importStar(require("inner/b"));
+const typei = __importStar(require("inner"));
+const ts = __importStar(require("inner/types"));
+cjsi.cjsSource;
+mjsi.cjsSource;
+typei.implicitCjsSource;
+ts.cjsSource;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+cjsi.mjsSource;
+mjsi.mjsSource;
+typei.mjsSource;
+ts.mjsSource;
+
+
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..88fdfed4eaaea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.ts, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.ts, 3, 6))
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.ts, 7, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.ts, 8, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.ts, 9, 6))
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : Symbol(ts, Decl(index.ts, 10, 6))
+
+cjsi.mjsSource;
+>cjsi.mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.ts, 7, 6))
+>mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+
+mjsi.mjsSource;
+>mjsi.mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.ts, 8, 6))
+>mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+
+typei.mjsSource;
+>typei.mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.ts, 9, 6))
+>mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+
+ts.mjsSource;
+>ts.mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+>ts : Symbol(ts, Decl(index.ts, 10, 6))
+>mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.mts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.mts, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.mts, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.mts, 3, 6))
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.mts, 7, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.mts, 8, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.mts, 9, 6))
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : Symbol(ts, Decl(index.mts, 10, 6))
+
+cjsi.mjsSource;
+>cjsi.mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.mts, 7, 6))
+>mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+
+mjsi.mjsSource;
+>mjsi.mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.mts, 8, 6))
+>mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+
+typei.mjsSource;
+>typei.mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.mts, 9, 6))
+>mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+
+ts.mjsSource;
+>ts.mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+>ts : Symbol(ts, Decl(index.mts, 10, 6))
+>mjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.cts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.cts, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.cts, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.cts, 3, 6))
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.cts, 7, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.cts, 8, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.cts, 9, 6))
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : Symbol(ts, Decl(index.cts, 10, 6))
+
+cjsi.cjsSource;
+>cjsi.cjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.cjsSource, Decl(index.d.cts, 9, 12))
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.cts, 7, 6))
+>cjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.cjsSource, Decl(index.d.cts, 9, 12))
+
+mjsi.cjsSource;
+>mjsi.cjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.cjsSource, Decl(index.d.cts, 9, 12))
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.cts, 8, 6))
+>cjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.cjsSource, Decl(index.d.cts, 9, 12))
+
+typei.implicitCjsSource;
+>typei.implicitCjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.type.implicitCjsSource, Decl(index.d.ts, 9, 12))
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.cts, 9, 6))
+>implicitCjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.type.implicitCjsSource, Decl(index.d.ts, 9, 12))
+
+ts.cjsSource;
+>ts.cjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.cjsSource, Decl(index.d.cts, 9, 12))
+>ts : Symbol(ts, Decl(index.cts, 10, 6))
+>cjsSource : Symbol(cjsi.cjsSource, Decl(index.d.cts, 9, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.ts, 3, 6))
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : Symbol(ts, Decl(index.d.ts, 4, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(mjs.type.cjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 5, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs.type.mjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 6, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(mjs.type.type, Decl(index.d.ts, 7, 8))
+
+export { ts };
+>ts : Symbol(mjs.type.ts, Decl(index.d.ts, 8, 8))
+
+export const implicitCjsSource = true;
+>implicitCjsSource : Symbol(mjs.type.implicitCjsSource, Decl(index.d.ts, 9, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.mts, 3, 6))
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : Symbol(ts, Decl(index.d.mts, 4, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(mjs.cjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 5, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs.mjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 6, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(mjs.type, Decl(index.d.mts, 7, 8))
+
+export { ts };
+>ts : Symbol(mjs.ts, Decl(index.d.mts, 8, 8))
+
+export const mjsSource = true;
+>mjsSource : Symbol(mjs.mjsSource, Decl(index.d.mts, 9, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.cts, 3, 6))
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : Symbol(ts, Decl(index.d.cts, 4, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 5, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(cjs.mjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 6, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(cjs.type, Decl(index.d.cts, 7, 8))
+
+export { ts };
+>ts : Symbol(cjs.ts, Decl(index.d.cts, 8, 8))
+
+export const cjsSource = true;
+>cjsSource : Symbol(cjs.cjsSource, Decl(index.d.cts, 9, 12))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d46ce7ffa461f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesConditionalPackageExports(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : typeof cjsi
+
+cjsi.mjsSource;
+>cjsi.mjsSource : true
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+>mjsSource : true
+
+mjsi.mjsSource;
+>mjsi.mjsSource : true
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi
+>mjsSource : true
+
+typei.mjsSource;
+>typei.mjsSource : true
+>typei : typeof cjsi
+>mjsSource : true
+
+ts.mjsSource;
+>ts.mjsSource : true
+>ts : typeof cjsi
+>mjsSource : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : typeof cjsi
+
+cjsi.mjsSource;
+>cjsi.mjsSource : true
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+>mjsSource : true
+
+mjsi.mjsSource;
+>mjsi.mjsSource : true
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi
+>mjsSource : true
+
+typei.mjsSource;
+>typei.mjsSource : true
+>typei : typeof cjsi
+>mjsSource : true
+
+ts.mjsSource;
+>ts.mjsSource : true
+>ts : typeof cjsi
+>mjsSource : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/a";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/b";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : typeof cjsi.type
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : typeof cjsi
+
+cjsi.cjsSource;
+>cjsi.cjsSource : true
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+>cjsSource : true
+
+mjsi.cjsSource;
+>mjsi.cjsSource : true
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi
+>cjsSource : true
+
+typei.implicitCjsSource;
+>typei.implicitCjsSource : true
+>typei : typeof cjsi.type
+>implicitCjsSource : true
+
+ts.cjsSource;
+>ts.cjsSource : true
+>ts : typeof cjsi
+>cjsSource : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+>cjs : any
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : typeof mjs.type
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : typeof mjs
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : any
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof mjs.type
+
+export { ts };
+>ts : typeof mjs
+
+export const implicitCjsSource = true;
+>implicitCjsSource : true
+>true : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+>cjs : any
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : typeof mjs
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : typeof mjs
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : any
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof mjs
+
+export { ts };
+>ts : typeof mjs
+
+export const mjsSource = true;
+>mjsSource : true
+>true : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/a";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/b";
+>mjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : typeof cjs.type
+
+import * as ts from "inner/types";
+>ts : typeof cjs
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof cjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof cjs.type
+
+export { ts };
+>ts : typeof cjs
+
+export const cjsSource = true;
+>cjsSource : true
+>true : true
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDeclarationEmitWithPackageExports(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDeclarationEmitWithPackageExports(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..11f39b9dd9366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDeclarationEmitWithPackageExports(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'package/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(4,23): error TS1471: Module 'package' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(9,23): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts(5,1): error TS1036: Statements are not allowed in ambient contexts.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts(5,1): error TS1036: Statements are not allowed in ambient contexts.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts(5,1): error TS1036: Statements are not allowed in ambient contexts.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+    import * as type from "package";
+    export const a = cjs;
+    export const b = mjs;
+    export const c = type;
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+    import * as typei from "inner";
+    export const d = cjsi;
+    export const e = mjsi;
+    export const f = typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+    import * as type from "package";
+    export const a = cjs;
+    export const b = mjs;
+    export const c = type;
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+    import * as typei from "inner";
+    export const d = cjsi;
+    export const e = mjsi;
+    export const f = typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts (3 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'package/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "package";
+                          ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'package' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    export const a = cjs;
+    export const b = mjs;
+    export const c = type;
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as typei from "inner";
+    export const d = cjsi;
+    export const e = mjsi;
+    export const f = typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts (2 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "inner";
+    cjs;
+    ~~~
+!!! error TS1036: Statements are not allowed in ambient contexts.
+    mjs;
+    type;
+    export const cjsMain = true;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts (1 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+    import * as type from "inner";
+    cjs;
+    ~~~
+!!! error TS1036: Statements are not allowed in ambient contexts.
+    mjs;
+    type;
+    export const esm = true;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts (2 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "inner";
+    cjs;
+    ~~~
+!!! error TS1036: Statements are not allowed in ambient contexts.
+    mjs;
+    type;
+    export const cjsNonmain = true;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": {
+            "./cjs": "./index.cjs",
+            "./mjs": "./index.mjs",
+            ".": "./index.js"
+        }
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "inner",
+        "private": true,
+        "exports": {
+            "./cjs": "./index.cjs",
+            "./mjs": "./index.mjs",
+            ".": "./index.js"
+        }
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDeclarationEmitWithPackageExports(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDeclarationEmitWithPackageExports(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7500542fd8d1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDeclarationEmitWithPackageExports(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesDeclarationEmitWithPackageExports.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+export const a = cjs;
+export const b = mjs;
+export const c = type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+export const d = cjsi;
+export const e = mjsi;
+export const f = typei;
+//// [index.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+export const a = cjs;
+export const b = mjs;
+export const c = type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+export const d = cjsi;
+export const e = mjsi;
+export const f = typei;
+//// [index.cts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+export const a = cjs;
+export const b = mjs;
+export const c = type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+export const d = cjsi;
+export const e = mjsi;
+export const f = typei;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+import * as type from "inner";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+export const cjsMain = true;
+//// [index.d.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+import * as type from "inner";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+export const esm = true;
+//// [index.d.cts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+import * as type from "inner";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+export const cjsNonmain = true;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": {
+        "./cjs": "./index.cjs",
+        "./mjs": "./index.mjs",
+        ".": "./index.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "inner",
+    "private": true,
+    "exports": {
+        "./cjs": "./index.cjs",
+        "./mjs": "./index.mjs",
+        ".": "./index.js"
+    }
+}
+
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+export const a = cjs;
+export const b = mjs;
+export const c = type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+export const d = cjsi;
+export const e = mjsi;
+export const f = typei;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.f = exports.e = exports.d = exports.c = exports.b = exports.a = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const cjs = __importStar(require("package/cjs"));
+const mjs = __importStar(require("package/mjs"));
+const type = __importStar(require("package"));
+exports.a = cjs;
+exports.b = mjs;
+exports.c = type;
+const cjsi = __importStar(require("inner/cjs"));
+const mjsi = __importStar(require("inner/mjs"));
+const typei = __importStar(require("inner"));
+exports.d = cjsi;
+exports.e = mjsi;
+exports.f = typei;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+export const a = cjs;
+export const b = mjs;
+export const c = type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+export const d = cjsi;
+export const e = mjsi;
+export const f = typei;
+
+
+//// [index.d.mts]
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+export declare const a: typeof cjs;
+export declare const b: typeof mjs;
+export declare const c: typeof type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+export declare const d: typeof cjsi;
+export declare const e: typeof mjsi;
+export declare const f: typeof typei;
+//// [index.d.cts]
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+export declare const a: typeof cjs;
+export declare const b: typeof mjs;
+export declare const c: typeof type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+export declare const d: typeof cjsi;
+export declare const e: typeof mjsi;
+export declare const f: typeof typei;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+export declare const a: typeof cjs;
+export declare const b: typeof mjs;
+export declare const c: typeof type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+export declare const d: typeof cjsi;
+export declare const e: typeof mjsi;
+export declare const f: typeof typei;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDeclarationEmitWithPackageExports(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDeclarationEmitWithPackageExports(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3af13052d296b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDeclarationEmitWithPackageExports(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.ts, 3, 6))
+
+export const a = cjs;
+>a : Symbol(type.a, Decl(index.ts, 4, 12))
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+export const b = mjs;
+>b : Symbol(type.b, Decl(index.ts, 5, 12))
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+export const c = type;
+>c : Symbol(type.c, Decl(index.ts, 6, 12))
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.ts, 3, 6))
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.ts, 7, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.ts, 8, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.ts, 9, 6))
+
+export const d = cjsi;
+>d : Symbol(type.d, Decl(index.ts, 10, 12))
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.ts, 7, 6))
+
+export const e = mjsi;
+>e : Symbol(type.e, Decl(index.ts, 11, 12))
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.ts, 8, 6))
+
+export const f = typei;
+>f : Symbol(type.f, Decl(index.ts, 12, 12))
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.ts, 9, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.mts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.mts, 3, 6))
+
+export const a = cjs;
+>a : Symbol(mjs.a, Decl(index.mts, 4, 12))
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+export const b = mjs;
+>b : Symbol(mjs.b, Decl(index.mts, 5, 12))
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.mts, 2, 6))
+
+export const c = type;
+>c : Symbol(mjs.c, Decl(index.mts, 6, 12))
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.mts, 3, 6))
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.mts, 7, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.mts, 8, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.mts, 9, 6))
+
+export const d = cjsi;
+>d : Symbol(mjs.d, Decl(index.mts, 10, 12))
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.mts, 7, 6))
+
+export const e = mjsi;
+>e : Symbol(mjs.e, Decl(index.mts, 11, 12))
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.mts, 8, 6))
+
+export const f = typei;
+>f : Symbol(mjs.f, Decl(index.mts, 12, 12))
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.mts, 9, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.cts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.cts, 3, 6))
+
+export const a = cjs;
+>a : Symbol(cjs.a, Decl(index.cts, 4, 12))
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+export const b = mjs;
+>b : Symbol(cjs.b, Decl(index.cts, 5, 12))
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.cts, 2, 6))
+
+export const c = type;
+>c : Symbol(cjs.c, Decl(index.cts, 6, 12))
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.cts, 3, 6))
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.cts, 7, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.cts, 8, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.cts, 9, 6))
+
+export const d = cjsi;
+>d : Symbol(cjs.d, Decl(index.cts, 10, 12))
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.cts, 7, 6))
+
+export const e = mjsi;
+>e : Symbol(cjs.e, Decl(index.cts, 11, 12))
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.cts, 8, 6))
+
+export const f = typei;
+>f : Symbol(cjs.f, Decl(index.cts, 12, 12))
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.cts, 9, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.ts, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.ts, 3, 6))
+
+export const cjsMain = true;
+>cjsMain : Symbol(type.cjsMain, Decl(index.d.ts, 7, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.mts, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.mts, 3, 6))
+
+export const esm = true;
+>esm : Symbol(mjs.esm, Decl(index.d.mts, 7, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.cts, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.cts, 3, 6))
+
+export const cjsNonmain = true;
+>cjsNonmain : Symbol(cjs.cjsNonmain, Decl(index.d.cts, 7, 12))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDeclarationEmitWithPackageExports(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDeclarationEmitWithPackageExports(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5db63226d0814
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDeclarationEmitWithPackageExports(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : typeof type
+
+export const a = cjs;
+>a : typeof cjs
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+export const b = mjs;
+>b : typeof mjs
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+export const c = type;
+>c : typeof type
+>type : typeof type
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+>mjsi : typeof mjsi
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+export const d = cjsi;
+>d : typeof cjsi
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+export const e = mjsi;
+>e : typeof mjsi
+>mjsi : typeof mjsi
+
+export const f = typei;
+>f : typeof typei
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : typeof type
+
+export const a = cjs;
+>a : typeof cjs
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+export const b = mjs;
+>b : typeof mjs
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+export const c = type;
+>c : typeof type
+>type : typeof type
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+>mjsi : typeof mjsi
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+export const d = cjsi;
+>d : typeof cjsi
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+export const e = mjsi;
+>e : typeof mjsi
+>mjsi : typeof mjsi
+
+export const f = typei;
+>f : typeof typei
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : typeof type
+
+export const a = cjs;
+>a : typeof cjs
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+export const b = mjs;
+>b : typeof mjs
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+export const c = type;
+>c : typeof type
+>type : typeof type
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+>mjsi : typeof mjsi
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+export const d = cjsi;
+>d : typeof cjsi
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+export const e = mjsi;
+>e : typeof mjsi
+>mjsi : typeof mjsi
+
+export const f = typei;
+>f : typeof typei
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+export const cjsMain = true;
+>cjsMain : true
+>true : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+export const esm = true;
+>esm : true
+>true : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+export const cjsNonmain = true;
+>cjsNonmain : true
+>true : true
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDynamicImport(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDynamicImport(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..aceeafb8c5965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDynamicImport(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesDynamicImport.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// cjs format file
+export async function main() {
+    const { readFile } = await import("fs");
+}
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+export async function main() {
+    const { readFile } = await import("fs");
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+//// [types.d.ts]
+declare module "fs";
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.main = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+async function main() {
+    const { readFile } = await import("fs");
+}
+exports.main = main;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+export async function main() {
+    const { readFile } = await import("fs");
+}
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export declare function main(): Promise<void>;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export declare function main(): Promise<void>;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDynamicImport(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDynamicImport(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..69296bc3fa993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDynamicImport(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+export async function main() {
+>main : Symbol(main, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    const { readFile } = await import("fs");
+>readFile : Symbol(readFile, Decl(index.ts, 2, 11))
+>"fs" : Symbol("fs", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+}
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export async function main() {
+>main : Symbol(main, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    const { readFile } = await import("fs");
+>readFile : Symbol(readFile, Decl(index.ts, 2, 11))
+>"fs" : Symbol("fs", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+}
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : Symbol("fs", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDynamicImport(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDynamicImport(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..879fb7ca71bf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesDynamicImport(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+export async function main() {
+>main : () => Promise<void>
+
+    const { readFile } = await import("fs");
+>readFile : any
+>await import("fs") : any
+>import("fs") : Promise<any>
+>"fs" : "fs"
+}
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export async function main() {
+>main : () => Promise<void>
+
+    const { readFile } = await import("fs");
+>readFile : any
+>await import("fs") : any
+>import("fs") : Promise<any>
+>"fs" : "fs"
+}
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : any
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportAssignments(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportAssignments(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..cef2966380663
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportAssignments(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(3,1): error TS1203: Export assignment cannot be used when targeting ECMAScript modules. Consider using 'export default' or another module format instead.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const a = {};
+    export = a;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (1 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const a = {};
+    export = a;
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1203: Export assignment cannot be used when targeting ECMAScript modules. Consider using 'export default' or another module format instead.
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportAssignments(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportAssignments(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2d09438ae7cd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportAssignments(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportAssignments.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// cjs format file
+const a = {};
+export = a;
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+const a = {};
+export = a;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+// cjs format file
+const a = {};
+module.exports = a;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+const a = {};
+export {};
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+declare const a: {};
+export = a;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+declare const a: {};
+export = a;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportAssignments(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportAssignments(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4552dd34157ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportAssignments(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+const a = {};
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(index.ts, 1, 5))
+
+export = a;
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(index.ts, 1, 5))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+const a = {};
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(index.ts, 1, 5))
+
+export = a;
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(index.ts, 1, 5))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportAssignments(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportAssignments(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..73f7e0869eba3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportAssignments(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+const a = {};
+>a : {}
+>{} : {}
+
+export = a;
+>a : {}
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+const a = {};
+>a : {}
+>{} : {}
+
+export = a;
+>a : {}
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsBlocksSpecifierResolution(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsBlocksSpecifierResolution(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..53ab414e38ba6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsBlocksSpecifierResolution(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(2,23): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'inner/other' or its corresponding type declarations.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(3,14): error TS2742: The inferred type of 'a' cannot be named without a reference to './node_modules/inner/other.js'. This is likely not portable. A type annotation is necessary.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (2 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import { Thing } from "inner/other";
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module 'inner/other' or its corresponding type declarations.
+    export const a = (await import("inner")).x();
+                 ~
+!!! error TS2742: The inferred type of 'a' cannot be named without a reference to './node_modules/inner/other.js'. This is likely not portable. A type annotation is necessary.
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    export { x } from "./other.js";
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    export interface Thing {}
+    export const x: () => Thing;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": "./index.js"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "inner",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": "./index.js"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsBlocksSpecifierResolution(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsBlocksSpecifierResolution(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..da6fe0fc80095
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsBlocksSpecifierResolution(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsBlocksSpecifierResolution.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import { Thing } from "inner/other";
+export const a = (await import("inner")).x();
+//// [index.d.ts]
+// esm format file
+export { x } from "./other.js";
+//// [other.d.ts]
+// esm format file
+export interface Thing {}
+export const x: () => Thing;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": "./index.js"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "inner",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": "./index.js"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+export const a = (await import("inner")).x();
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsBlocksSpecifierResolution(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsBlocksSpecifierResolution(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..07abee8390f9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsBlocksSpecifierResolution(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import { Thing } from "inner/other";
+>Thing : Symbol(Thing, Decl(index.ts, 1, 8))
+
+export const a = (await import("inner")).x();
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(index.ts, 2, 12))
+>(await import("inner")).x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 8))
+>"inner" : Symbol("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index", Decl(index.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export { x } from "./other.js";
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other.d.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export interface Thing {}
+>Thing : Symbol(Thing, Decl(other.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+export const x: () => Thing;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(other.d.ts, 2, 12))
+>Thing : Symbol(Thing, Decl(other.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsBlocksSpecifierResolution(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsBlocksSpecifierResolution(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f7806a6a25572
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsBlocksSpecifierResolution(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import { Thing } from "inner/other";
+>Thing : any
+
+export const a = (await import("inner")).x();
+>a : import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+>(await import("inner")).x() : import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+>(await import("inner")).x : () => import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+>(await import("inner")) : typeof import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index")
+>await import("inner") : typeof import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index")
+>import("inner") : Promise<typeof import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index")>
+>"inner" : "inner"
+>x : () => import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export { x } from "./other.js";
+>x : () => import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other.d.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export interface Thing {}
+export const x: () => Thing;
+>x : () => Thing
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationConditions(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationConditions(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b25fc090f8b5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationConditions(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(2,23): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'inner/other.js' or its corresponding type declarations.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (1 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import { Thing } from "inner/other.js"; // should fail
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module 'inner/other.js' or its corresponding type declarations.
+    export const a = (await import("inner")).x();
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    export { x } from "./other.js";
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    export interface Thing {}
+    export const x: () => Thing;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": "./index.js"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "inner",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": {
+            ".": {
+                "default": "./index.js"
+            },
+            "./other": {
+                "default": "./other.js"
+            }
+        }
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationConditions(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationConditions(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5db58ae2f7bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationConditions(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationConditions.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import { Thing } from "inner/other.js"; // should fail
+export const a = (await import("inner")).x();
+//// [index.d.ts]
+// esm format file
+export { x } from "./other.js";
+//// [other.d.ts]
+// esm format file
+export interface Thing {}
+export const x: () => Thing;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": "./index.js"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "inner",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": {
+        ".": {
+            "default": "./index.js"
+        },
+        "./other": {
+            "default": "./other.js"
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+export const a = (await import("inner")).x();
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export declare const a: import("inner/other").Thing;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationConditions(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationConditions(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1abea377c5f35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationConditions(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import { Thing } from "inner/other.js"; // should fail
+>Thing : Symbol(Thing, Decl(index.ts, 1, 8))
+
+export const a = (await import("inner")).x();
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(index.ts, 2, 12))
+>(await import("inner")).x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 8))
+>"inner" : Symbol("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index", Decl(index.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export { x } from "./other.js";
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other.d.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export interface Thing {}
+>Thing : Symbol(Thing, Decl(other.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+export const x: () => Thing;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(other.d.ts, 2, 12))
+>Thing : Symbol(Thing, Decl(other.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationConditions(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationConditions(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6020ebf5b21be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationConditions(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import { Thing } from "inner/other.js"; // should fail
+>Thing : any
+
+export const a = (await import("inner")).x();
+>a : import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+>(await import("inner")).x() : import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+>(await import("inner")).x : () => import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+>(await import("inner")) : typeof import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index")
+>await import("inner") : typeof import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index")
+>import("inner") : Promise<typeof import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index")>
+>"inner" : "inner"
+>x : () => import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export { x } from "./other.js";
+>x : () => import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other.d.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export interface Thing {}
+export const x: () => Thing;
+>x : () => Thing
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationDirectory(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationDirectory(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b2d874ee38bb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationDirectory(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(2,23): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'inner/other' or its corresponding type declarations.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (1 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import { Thing } from "inner/other";
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module 'inner/other' or its corresponding type declarations.
+    export const a = (await import("inner/index.js")).x();
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    export { x } from "./other.js";
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    export interface Thing {}
+    export const x: () => Thing;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": "./index.js"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "inner",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": {
+            "./": "./"
+        }
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationDirectory(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationDirectory(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c0d6b006b33cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationDirectory(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationDirectory.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import { Thing } from "inner/other";
+export const a = (await import("inner/index.js")).x();
+//// [index.d.ts]
+// esm format file
+export { x } from "./other.js";
+//// [other.d.ts]
+// esm format file
+export interface Thing {}
+export const x: () => Thing;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": "./index.js"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "inner",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": {
+        "./": "./"
+    }
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+export const a = (await import("inner/index.js")).x();
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export declare const a: import("inner/other.js").Thing;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationDirectory(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationDirectory(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a12a7b1c026dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationDirectory(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import { Thing } from "inner/other";
+>Thing : Symbol(Thing, Decl(index.ts, 1, 8))
+
+export const a = (await import("inner/index.js")).x();
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(index.ts, 2, 12))
+>(await import("inner/index.js")).x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 8))
+>"inner/index.js" : Symbol("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index", Decl(index.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export { x } from "./other.js";
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other.d.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export interface Thing {}
+>Thing : Symbol(Thing, Decl(other.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+export const x: () => Thing;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(other.d.ts, 2, 12))
+>Thing : Symbol(Thing, Decl(other.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationDirectory(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationDirectory(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a75c2359eb0c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationDirectory(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import { Thing } from "inner/other";
+>Thing : any
+
+export const a = (await import("inner/index.js")).x();
+>a : import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+>(await import("inner/index.js")).x() : import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+>(await import("inner/index.js")).x : () => import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+>(await import("inner/index.js")) : typeof import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index")
+>await import("inner/index.js") : typeof import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index")
+>import("inner/index.js") : Promise<typeof import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index")>
+>"inner/index.js" : "inner/index.js"
+>x : () => import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export { x } from "./other.js";
+>x : () => import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other.d.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export interface Thing {}
+export const x: () => Thing;
+>x : () => Thing
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationPattern(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationPattern(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c315a2a523203
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationPattern(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(2,23): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'inner/other' or its corresponding type declarations.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (1 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import { Thing } from "inner/other";
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module 'inner/other' or its corresponding type declarations.
+    export const a = (await import("inner/index.js")).x();
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    export { x } from "./other.js";
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    export interface Thing {}
+    export const x: () => Thing;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": "./index.js"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "inner",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": {
+            "./*.js": "./*.js"
+        }
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationPattern(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationPattern(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..dcdd62bed698d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationPattern(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationPattern.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import { Thing } from "inner/other";
+export const a = (await import("inner/index.js")).x();
+//// [index.d.ts]
+// esm format file
+export { x } from "./other.js";
+//// [other.d.ts]
+// esm format file
+export interface Thing {}
+export const x: () => Thing;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": "./index.js"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "inner",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": {
+        "./*.js": "./*.js"
+    }
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+export const a = (await import("inner/index.js")).x();
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export declare const a: import("inner/other.js").Thing;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationPattern(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationPattern(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a12a7b1c026dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationPattern(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import { Thing } from "inner/other";
+>Thing : Symbol(Thing, Decl(index.ts, 1, 8))
+
+export const a = (await import("inner/index.js")).x();
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(index.ts, 2, 12))
+>(await import("inner/index.js")).x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 8))
+>"inner/index.js" : Symbol("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index", Decl(index.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export { x } from "./other.js";
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other.d.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export interface Thing {}
+>Thing : Symbol(Thing, Decl(other.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+export const x: () => Thing;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(other.d.ts, 2, 12))
+>Thing : Symbol(Thing, Decl(other.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationPattern(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationPattern(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a75c2359eb0c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationPattern(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import { Thing } from "inner/other";
+>Thing : any
+
+export const a = (await import("inner/index.js")).x();
+>a : import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+>(await import("inner/index.js")).x() : import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+>(await import("inner/index.js")).x : () => import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+>(await import("inner/index.js")) : typeof import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index")
+>await import("inner/index.js") : typeof import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index")
+>import("inner/index.js") : Promise<typeof import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index")>
+>"inner/index.js" : "inner/index.js"
+>x : () => import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export { x } from "./other.js";
+>x : () => import("tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other").Thing
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/other.d.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export interface Thing {}
+export const x: () => Thing;
+>x : () => Thing
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesForbidenSyntax(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesForbidenSyntax(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..984483a332e29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesForbidenSyntax(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(2,12): error TS7060: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Add a trailing comma or explicit constraint.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(2,20): error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(2,23): error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(2,12): error TS7060: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Add a trailing comma or explicit constraint.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(2,20): error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(2,23): error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.cts(2,12): error TS7060: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Add a trailing comma or explicit constraint.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.cts(2,20): error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.cts(2,23): error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.mts(2,12): error TS7060: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Add a trailing comma or explicit constraint.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.mts(2,20): error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.mts(2,23): error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.cts(2,12): error TS7060: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Add a trailing comma or explicit constraint.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.cts(2,20): error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.cts(2,23): error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.mts(2,12): error TS7060: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Add a trailing comma or explicit constraint.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.mts(2,20): error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.mts(2,23): error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.cts(2,12): error TS7060: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Add a trailing comma or explicit constraint.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.cts(2,20): error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.cts(2,23): error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.mts(2,12): error TS7060: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Add a trailing comma or explicit constraint.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.mts(2,20): error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.mts(2,23): error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.cts (3 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+               ~
+!!! error TS7060: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Add a trailing comma or explicit constraint.
+                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.mts (3 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+               ~
+!!! error TS7060: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Add a trailing comma or explicit constraint.
+                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.cts (3 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+               ~
+!!! error TS7060: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Add a trailing comma or explicit constraint.
+                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.mts (3 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+               ~
+!!! error TS7060: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Add a trailing comma or explicit constraint.
+                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.mts (3 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+               ~
+!!! error TS7060: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Add a trailing comma or explicit constraint.
+                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.cts (3 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+               ~
+!!! error TS7060: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Add a trailing comma or explicit constraint.
+                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts (3 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+               ~
+!!! error TS7060: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Add a trailing comma or explicit constraint.
+                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts (3 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+               ~
+!!! error TS7060: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Add a trailing comma or explicit constraint.
+                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS7059: This syntax is reserved in files with the .mts or .cts extension. Use an `as` expression instead.
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "module"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesForbidenSyntax(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesForbidenSyntax(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4cca6af5a58d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesForbidenSyntax(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesForbidenSyntax.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// cjs format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+export {x};
+//// [index.cts]
+// cjs format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+export {x};
+//// [index.mts]
+// esm format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+export {x};
+//// [index.ts]
+// cjs format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+export {x};
+//// [index.cts]
+// cjs format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+export {x};
+//// [index.mts]
+// esm format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+export {x};
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+export {x};
+//// [index.mts]
+// esm format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+export {x};
+//// [index.cts]
+// cjs format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+export {x};
+//// [index.mts]
+// esm format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+export {x};
+//// [index.cts]
+// cjs format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+export {x};
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+export {x};
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "module"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = () => (void 0);
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = () => (void 0);
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+const x = () => (void 0);
+export { x };
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = () => (void 0);
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = () => (void 0);
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+const x = () => (void 0);
+export { x };
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+const x = () => (void 0);
+export { x };
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+const x = () => (void 0);
+export { x };
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = () => (void 0);
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+const x = () => (void 0);
+export { x };
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = () => (void 0);
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+const x = () => (void 0);
+export { x };
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+declare const x: <T>() => T;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.cts]
+declare const x: <T>() => T;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.mts]
+declare const x: <T>() => T;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.ts]
+declare const x: <T>() => T;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.cts]
+declare const x: <T>() => T;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.mts]
+declare const x: <T>() => T;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.ts]
+declare const x: <T>() => T;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.mts]
+declare const x: <T>() => T;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.cts]
+declare const x: <T>() => T;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.mts]
+declare const x: <T>() => T;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.cts]
+declare const x: <T>() => T;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.ts]
+declare const x: <T>() => T;
+export { x };
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesForbidenSyntax(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesForbidenSyntax(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1ca35d0d3e32e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesForbidenSyntax(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 1, 5))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.ts, 1, 11))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.ts, 1, 11))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cts, 1, 5))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.cts, 1, 11))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.cts, 1, 11))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mts, 1, 5))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.mts, 1, 11))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.mts, 1, 11))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 1, 5))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.ts, 1, 11))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.ts, 1, 11))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cts, 1, 5))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.cts, 1, 11))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.cts, 1, 11))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mts, 1, 5))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.mts, 1, 11))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.mts, 1, 11))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 1, 5))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.ts, 1, 11))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.ts, 1, 11))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mts, 1, 5))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.mts, 1, 11))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.mts, 1, 11))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cts, 1, 5))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.cts, 1, 11))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.cts, 1, 11))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mts, 1, 5))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.mts, 1, 11))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.mts, 1, 11))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.mts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cts, 1, 5))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.cts, 1, 11))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.cts, 1, 11))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.cts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 1, 5))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.ts, 1, 11))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(index.ts, 1, 11))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 2, 8))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesForbidenSyntax(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesForbidenSyntax(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..016af4314d16b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesForbidenSyntax(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : <T>() => T
+><T>() => <T><any>(void 0) : <T>() => T
+><T><any>(void 0) : T
+><any>(void 0) : any
+>(void 0) : undefined
+>void 0 : undefined
+>0 : 0
+
+export {x};
+>x : <T>() => T
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : <T>() => T
+><T>() => <T><any>(void 0) : <T>() => T
+><T><any>(void 0) : T
+><any>(void 0) : any
+>(void 0) : undefined
+>void 0 : undefined
+>0 : 0
+
+export {x};
+>x : <T>() => T
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : <T>() => T
+><T>() => <T><any>(void 0) : <T>() => T
+><T><any>(void 0) : T
+><any>(void 0) : any
+>(void 0) : undefined
+>void 0 : undefined
+>0 : 0
+
+export {x};
+>x : <T>() => T
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : <T>() => T
+><T>() => <T><any>(void 0) : <T>() => T
+><T><any>(void 0) : T
+><any>(void 0) : any
+>(void 0) : undefined
+>void 0 : undefined
+>0 : 0
+
+export {x};
+>x : <T>() => T
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : <T>() => T
+><T>() => <T><any>(void 0) : <T>() => T
+><T><any>(void 0) : T
+><any>(void 0) : any
+>(void 0) : undefined
+>void 0 : undefined
+>0 : 0
+
+export {x};
+>x : <T>() => T
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : <T>() => T
+><T>() => <T><any>(void 0) : <T>() => T
+><T><any>(void 0) : T
+><any>(void 0) : any
+>(void 0) : undefined
+>void 0 : undefined
+>0 : 0
+
+export {x};
+>x : <T>() => T
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : <T>() => T
+><T>() => <T><any>(void 0) : <T>() => T
+><T><any>(void 0) : T
+><any>(void 0) : any
+>(void 0) : undefined
+>void 0 : undefined
+>0 : 0
+
+export {x};
+>x : <T>() => T
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : <T>() => T
+><T>() => <T><any>(void 0) : <T>() => T
+><T><any>(void 0) : T
+><any>(void 0) : any
+>(void 0) : undefined
+>void 0 : undefined
+>0 : 0
+
+export {x};
+>x : <T>() => T
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder2/another/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : <T>() => T
+><T>() => <T><any>(void 0) : <T>() => T
+><T><any>(void 0) : T
+><any>(void 0) : any
+>(void 0) : undefined
+>void 0 : undefined
+>0 : 0
+
+export {x};
+>x : <T>() => T
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : <T>() => T
+><T>() => <T><any>(void 0) : <T>() => T
+><T><any>(void 0) : T
+><any>(void 0) : any
+>(void 0) : undefined
+>void 0 : undefined
+>0 : 0
+
+export {x};
+>x : <T>() => T
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : <T>() => T
+><T>() => <T><any>(void 0) : <T>() => T
+><T><any>(void 0) : T
+><any>(void 0) : any
+>(void 0) : undefined
+>void 0 : undefined
+>0 : 0
+
+export {x};
+>x : <T>() => T
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = <T>() => <T><any>(void 0);
+>x : <T>() => T
+><T>() => <T><any>(void 0) : <T>() => T
+><T><any>(void 0) : T
+><any>(void 0) : any
+>(void 0) : undefined
+>void 0 : undefined
+>0 : 0
+
+export {x};
+>x : <T>() => T
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e268184c7fffa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts(2,10): error TS2441: Duplicate identifier 'require'. Compiler reserves name 'require' in top level scope of a module.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts(3,7): error TS2441: Duplicate identifier 'exports'. Compiler reserves name 'exports' in top level scope of a module.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts(4,7): error TS2725: Class name cannot be 'Object' when targeting ES5 with module Node16.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts(5,14): error TS1216: Identifier expected. '__esModule' is reserved as an exported marker when transforming ECMAScript modules.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts (4 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    function require() {}
+             ~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2441: Duplicate identifier 'require'. Compiler reserves name 'require' in top level scope of a module.
+    const exports = {};
+          ~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2441: Duplicate identifier 'exports'. Compiler reserves name 'exports' in top level scope of a module.
+    class Object {}
+          ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2725: Class name cannot be 'Object' when targeting ES5 with module Node16.
+    export const __esModule = false;
+                 ~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1216: Identifier expected. '__esModule' is reserved as an exported marker when transforming ECMAScript modules.
+    export {require, exports, Object};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    function require() {}
+    const exports = {};
+    class Object {}
+    export const __esModule = false;
+    export {require, exports, Object};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..064128d216ee8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesGeneratedNameCollisions.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// cjs format file
+function require() {}
+const exports = {};
+class Object {}
+export const __esModule = false;
+export {require, exports, Object};
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+function require() {}
+const exports = {};
+class Object {}
+export const __esModule = false;
+export {require, exports, Object};
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.Object = exports.exports = exports.require = exports.__esModule = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+function require() { }
+exports.require = require;
+const exports = {};
+exports.exports = exports;
+class Object {
+}
+exports.Object = Object;
+exports.__esModule = false;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+function require() { }
+const exports = {};
+class Object {
+}
+export const __esModule = false;
+export { require, exports, Object };
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+declare function require(): void;
+declare const exports: {};
+declare class Object {
+}
+export declare const __esModule = false;
+export { require, exports, Object };
+//// [index.d.ts]
+declare function require(): void;
+declare const exports: {};
+declare class Object {
+}
+export declare const __esModule = false;
+export { require, exports, Object };
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9e967fe93b7a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+function require() {}
+>require : Symbol(require, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+
+const exports = {};
+>exports : Symbol(exports, Decl(index.ts, 2, 5))
+
+class Object {}
+>Object : Symbol(Object, Decl(index.ts, 2, 19))
+
+export const __esModule = false;
+>__esModule : Symbol(__esModule, Decl(index.ts, 4, 12))
+
+export {require, exports, Object};
+>require : Symbol(require, Decl(index.ts, 5, 8))
+>exports : Symbol(exports, Decl(index.ts, 5, 16))
+>Object : Symbol(Object, Decl(index.ts, 5, 25))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+function require() {}
+>require : Symbol(require, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+
+const exports = {};
+>exports : Symbol(exports, Decl(index.ts, 2, 5))
+
+class Object {}
+>Object : Symbol(Object, Decl(index.ts, 2, 19))
+
+export const __esModule = false;
+>__esModule : Symbol(__esModule, Decl(index.ts, 4, 12))
+
+export {require, exports, Object};
+>require : Symbol(require, Decl(index.ts, 5, 8))
+>exports : Symbol(exports, Decl(index.ts, 5, 16))
+>Object : Symbol(Object, Decl(index.ts, 5, 25))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..094de6c869242
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesGeneratedNameCollisions(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+function require() {}
+>require : () => void
+
+const exports = {};
+>exports : {}
+>{} : {}
+
+class Object {}
+>Object : Object
+
+export const __esModule = false;
+>__esModule : false
+>false : false
+
+export {require, exports, Object};
+>require : () => void
+>exports : {}
+>Object : typeof Object
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+function require() {}
+>require : () => void
+
+const exports = {};
+>exports : {}
+>{} : {}
+
+class Object {}
+>Object : Object
+
+export const __esModule = false;
+>__esModule : false
+>false : false
+
+export {require, exports, Object};
+>require : () => void
+>exports : {}
+>Object : typeof Object
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssertions(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssertions(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5730914f8677d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssertions(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(1,35): error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/otherc.cts(1,35): error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/otherc.cts(2,40): error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (1 errors) ====
+    import json from "./package.json" assert { type: "json" };
+                                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/otherc.cts (2 errors) ====
+    import json from "./package.json" assert { type: "json" }; // should error, cjs mode imports don't support assertions
+                                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+    const json2 = import("./package.json", { assert: { type: "json" } }); // should be fine
+                                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1324: Dynamic imports only support a second argument when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext', 'node16', or 'nodenext'.
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "pkg",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssertions(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssertions(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..091166d523cd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssertions(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportAssertions.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+import json from "./package.json" assert { type: "json" };
+//// [otherc.cts]
+import json from "./package.json" assert { type: "json" }; // should error, cjs mode imports don't support assertions
+const json2 = import("./package.json", { assert: { type: "json" } }); // should be fine
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+export {};
+//// [otherc.cjs]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+const json2 = import("./package.json", { assert: { type: "json" } }); // should be fine
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssertions(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssertions(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3bacb3cfabe76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssertions(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+import json from "./package.json" assert { type: "json" };
+>json : Symbol(json, Decl(index.ts, 0, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/otherc.cts ===
+import json from "./package.json" assert { type: "json" }; // should error, cjs mode imports don't support assertions
+>json : Symbol(json, Decl(otherc.cts, 0, 6))
+
+const json2 = import("./package.json", { assert: { type: "json" } }); // should be fine
+>json2 : Symbol(json2, Decl(otherc.cts, 1, 5))
+>"./package.json" : Symbol("tests/cases/conformance/node/package", Decl(package.json, 0, 0))
+>assert : Symbol(assert, Decl(otherc.cts, 1, 40))
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(otherc.cts, 1, 50))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json ===
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+>"name" : Symbol("name", Decl(package.json, 0, 1))
+
+    "private": true,
+>"private" : Symbol("private", Decl(package.json, 1, 18))
+
+    "type": "module"
+>"type" : Symbol("type", Decl(package.json, 2, 20))
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssertions(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssertions(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..36c03c4d92697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssertions(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+import json from "./package.json" assert { type: "json" };
+>json : { name: string; private: boolean; type: string; }
+>type : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/otherc.cts ===
+import json from "./package.json" assert { type: "json" }; // should error, cjs mode imports don't support assertions
+>json : { name: string; private: boolean; type: string; }
+>type : any
+
+const json2 = import("./package.json", { assert: { type: "json" } }); // should be fine
+>json2 : Promise<{ default: { name: string; private: boolean; type: string; }; }>
+>import("./package.json", { assert: { type: "json" } }) : Promise<{ default: { name: string; private: boolean; type: string; }; }>
+>"./package.json" : "./package.json"
+>{ assert: { type: "json" } } : { assert: { type: string; }; }
+>assert : { type: string; }
+>{ type: "json" } : { type: string; }
+>type : string
+>"json" : "json"
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json ===
+{
+>{    "name": "pkg",    "private": true,    "type": "module"} : { name: string; private: boolean; type: string; }
+
+    "name": "pkg",
+>"name" : string
+>"pkg" : "pkg"
+
+    "private": true,
+>"private" : boolean
+>true : true
+
+    "type": "module"
+>"type" : string
+>"module" : "module"
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssertions(module=nodenext).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssertions(module=nodenext).errors.txt
index 29dbcb839f52b..1a3369a277e25 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssertions(module=nodenext).errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssertions(module=nodenext).errors.txt
@@ -1,19 +1,13 @@
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(1,18): error TS7062: JSON imports are experimental in ES module mode imports.
 tests/cases/conformance/node/otherc.cts(1,35): error TS2836: Import assertions are not allowed on statements that transpile to commonjs 'require' calls.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/otherc.cts(2,22): error TS7062: JSON imports are experimental in ES module mode imports.
 
 
-==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (1 errors) ====
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (0 errors) ====
     import json from "./package.json" assert { type: "json" };
-                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS7062: JSON imports are experimental in ES module mode imports.
-==== tests/cases/conformance/node/otherc.cts (2 errors) ====
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/otherc.cts (1 errors) ====
     import json from "./package.json" assert { type: "json" }; // should error, cjs mode imports don't support assertions
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 !!! error TS2836: Import assertions are not allowed on statements that transpile to commonjs 'require' calls.
     const json2 = import("./package.json", { assert: { type: "json" } }); // should be fine
-                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS7062: JSON imports are experimental in ES module mode imports.
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
     {
         "name": "pkg",
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssignments(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssignments(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c73ff1177a58e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssignments(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportAssignments.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// cjs format file
+import fs = require("fs");
+fs.readFile;
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import fs = require("fs");
+fs.readFile;
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+//// [file.ts]
+// esm format file
+const __require = null;
+const _createRequire = null;
+import fs = require("fs");
+fs.readFile;
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+//// [types.d.ts]
+declare module "fs";
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// cjs format file
+const fs = require("fs");
+fs.readFile;
+exports.fs2 = require("fs");
+//// [index.js]
+import { createRequire as _createRequire } from "module";
+const __require = _createRequire(import.meta.url);
+// esm format file
+const fs = __require("fs");
+fs.readFile;
+const fs2 = __require("fs");
+export { fs2 };
+//// [file.js]
+import { createRequire as _createRequire_1 } from "module";
+const __require_1 = _createRequire_1(import.meta.url);
+// esm format file
+const __require = null;
+const _createRequire = null;
+const fs = __require_1("fs");
+fs.readFile;
+const fs2 = __require_1("fs");
+export { fs2 };
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+//// [file.d.ts]
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssignments(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssignments(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ae7fbc666da4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssignments(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import fs = require("fs");
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+>fs2 : Symbol(fs2, Decl(index.ts, 2, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import fs = require("fs");
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+>fs2 : Symbol(fs2, Decl(index.ts, 2, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/file.ts ===
+// esm format file
+const __require = null;
+>__require : Symbol(__require, Decl(file.ts, 1, 5))
+
+const _createRequire = null;
+>_createRequire : Symbol(_createRequire, Decl(file.ts, 2, 5))
+
+import fs = require("fs");
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(file.ts, 2, 28))
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(file.ts, 2, 28))
+
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+>fs2 : Symbol(fs2, Decl(file.ts, 4, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : Symbol("fs", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssignments(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssignments(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..21af2cd798f58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportAssignments(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import fs = require("fs");
+>fs : any
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs.readFile : any
+>fs : any
+>readFile : any
+
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+>fs2 : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import fs = require("fs");
+>fs : any
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs.readFile : any
+>fs : any
+>readFile : any
+
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+>fs2 : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/file.ts ===
+// esm format file
+const __require = null;
+>__require : any
+>null : null
+
+const _createRequire = null;
+>_createRequire : any
+>null : null
+
+import fs = require("fs");
+>fs : any
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs.readFile : any
+>fs : any
+>readFile : any
+
+export import fs2 = require("fs");
+>fs2 : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : any
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b4ae0ff6fb045
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts(2,9): error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__importDefault' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts(4,1): error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__importStar' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts (2 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import {default as _fs} from "fs";
+            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__importDefault' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+    _fs.readFile;
+    import * as fs from "fs";
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__importStar' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+    fs.readFile;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import {default as _fs} from "fs";
+    _fs.readFile;
+    import * as fs from "fs";
+    fs.readFile;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/types.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    declare module "fs";
+    declare module "tslib" {
+        export {};
+        // intentionally missing all helpers
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4712d65a0999e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// cjs format file
+import {default as _fs} from "fs";
+_fs.readFile;
+import * as fs from "fs";
+fs.readFile;
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import {default as _fs} from "fs";
+_fs.readFile;
+import * as fs from "fs";
+fs.readFile;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+//// [types.d.ts]
+declare module "fs";
+declare module "tslib" {
+    export {};
+    // intentionally missing all helpers
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+const tslib_1 = require("tslib");
+// cjs format file
+const fs_1 = tslib_1.__importDefault(require("fs"));
+fs_1.default.readFile;
+const fs = tslib_1.__importStar(require("fs"));
+fs.readFile;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import { default as _fs } from "fs";
+_fs.readFile;
+import * as fs from "fs";
+fs.readFile;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..996840abd4e8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import {default as _fs} from "fs";
+>default : Symbol(_fs, Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>_fs : Symbol(_fs, Decl(index.ts, 1, 8))
+
+_fs.readFile;
+>_fs : Symbol(_fs, Decl(index.ts, 1, 8))
+
+import * as fs from "fs";
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.ts, 3, 6))
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.ts, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import {default as _fs} from "fs";
+>default : Symbol(_fs, Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>_fs : Symbol(_fs, Decl(index.ts, 1, 8))
+
+_fs.readFile;
+>_fs : Symbol(_fs, Decl(index.ts, 1, 8))
+
+import * as fs from "fs";
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.ts, 3, 6))
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.ts, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : Symbol("fs", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+declare module "tslib" {
+>"tslib" : Symbol("tslib", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 20))
+
+    export {};
+    // intentionally missing all helpers
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e08e9456be9a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import {default as _fs} from "fs";
+>default : any
+>_fs : any
+
+_fs.readFile;
+>_fs.readFile : any
+>_fs : any
+>readFile : any
+
+import * as fs from "fs";
+>fs : any
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs.readFile : any
+>fs : any
+>readFile : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import {default as _fs} from "fs";
+>default : any
+>_fs : any
+
+_fs.readFile;
+>_fs.readFile : any
+>_fs : any
+>readFile : any
+
+import * as fs from "fs";
+>fs : any
+
+fs.readFile;
+>fs.readFile : any
+>fs : any
+>readFile : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : any
+
+declare module "tslib" {
+>"tslib" : typeof import("tslib")
+
+    export {};
+    // intentionally missing all helpers
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d2f62391af269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts(2,1): error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__exportStar' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts(3,1): error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__importStar' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts (2 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    export * from "fs";
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__exportStar' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+    export * as fs from "fs";
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__importStar' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    export * from "fs";
+    export * as fs from "fs";
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/types.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    declare module "fs";
+    declare module "tslib" {
+        export {};
+        // intentionally missing all helpers
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c058d00e216e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions2.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// cjs format file
+export * from "fs";
+export * as fs from "fs";
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+export * from "fs";
+export * as fs from "fs";
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+//// [types.d.ts]
+declare module "fs";
+declare module "tslib" {
+    export {};
+    // intentionally missing all helpers
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.fs = void 0;
+const tslib_1 = require("tslib");
+// cjs format file
+tslib_1.__exportStar(require("fs"), exports);
+exports.fs = tslib_1.__importStar(require("fs"));
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+export * from "fs";
+export * as fs from "fs";
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export * from "fs";
+export * as fs from "fs";
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export * from "fs";
+export * as fs from "fs";
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..367ba59adf00f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+export * from "fs";
+export * as fs from "fs";
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export * from "fs";
+export * as fs from "fs";
+>fs : Symbol(fs, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : Symbol("fs", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+declare module "tslib" {
+>"tslib" : Symbol("tslib", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 20))
+
+    export {};
+    // intentionally missing all helpers
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6a468baefa7d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions2(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+export * from "fs";
+export * as fs from "fs";
+>fs : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export * from "fs";
+export * as fs from "fs";
+>fs : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : any
+
+declare module "tslib" {
+>"tslib" : typeof import("tslib")
+
+    export {};
+    // intentionally missing all helpers
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d511944f39332
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts(2,9): error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__importDefault' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts (1 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    export {default} from "fs";
+            ~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2343: This syntax requires an imported helper named '__importDefault' which does not exist in 'tslib'. Consider upgrading your version of 'tslib'.
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    export {default} from "fs";
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/types.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    declare module "fs";
+    declare module "tslib" {
+        export {};
+        // intentionally missing all helpers
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8abf8ba9adac3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions3.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// cjs format file
+export {default} from "fs";
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+export {default} from "fs";
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+//// [types.d.ts]
+declare module "fs";
+declare module "tslib" {
+    export {};
+    // intentionally missing all helpers
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+var __importDefault = (this && this.__importDefault) || function (mod) {
+    return (mod && mod.__esModule) ? mod : { "default": mod };
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.default = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+var fs_1 = require("fs");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "default", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return __importDefault(fs_1).default; } });
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+export { default } from "fs";
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export { default } from "fs";
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export { default } from "fs";
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..aec1d32dab1d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+export {default} from "fs";
+>default : Symbol(default, Decl(index.ts, 1, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export {default} from "fs";
+>default : Symbol(default, Decl(index.ts, 1, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : Symbol("fs", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+declare module "tslib" {
+>"tslib" : Symbol("tslib", Decl(types.d.ts, 0, 20))
+
+    export {};
+    // intentionally missing all helpers
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..eef93356ac7bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions3(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+export {default} from "fs";
+>default : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+export {default} from "fs";
+>default : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/types.d.ts ===
+declare module "fs";
+>"fs" : any
+
+declare module "tslib" {
+>"tslib" : typeof import("tslib")
+
+    export {};
+    // intentionally missing all helpers
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportMeta(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportMeta(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..27f6e3c9e281e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportMeta(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts(2,11): error TS1470: The 'import.meta' meta-property is not allowed in files which will build into CommonJS output.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts (1 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = import.meta.url;
+              ~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1470: The 'import.meta' meta-property is not allowed in files which will build into CommonJS output.
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const x = import.meta.url;
+    export {x};
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportMeta(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportMeta(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..aa962a90bd346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportMeta(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportMeta.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// cjs format file
+const x = import.meta.url;
+export {x};
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+const x = import.meta.url;
+export {x};
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = import.meta.url;
+exports.x = x;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+const x = import.meta.url;
+export { x };
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+declare const x: string;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.ts]
+declare const x: string;
+export { x };
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportMeta(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportMeta(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4a9cda0f12533
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportMeta(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = import.meta.url;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 1, 5))
+>import.meta.url : Symbol(ImportMeta.url, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+>import.meta : Symbol(ImportMeta, Decl(lib.es5.d.ts, --, --), Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+>meta : Symbol(ImportMetaExpression.meta)
+>url : Symbol(ImportMeta.url, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 2, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = import.meta.url;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 1, 5))
+>import.meta.url : Symbol(ImportMeta.url, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+>import.meta : Symbol(ImportMeta, Decl(lib.es5.d.ts, --, --), Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+>meta : Symbol(ImportMetaExpression.meta)
+>url : Symbol(ImportMeta.url, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 2, 8))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportMeta(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportMeta(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6f64dc2b5faa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportMeta(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = import.meta.url;
+>x : string
+>import.meta.url : string
+>import.meta : ImportMeta
+>meta : any
+>url : string
+
+export {x};
+>x : string
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = import.meta.url;
+>x : string
+>import.meta.url : string
+>import.meta : ImportMeta
+>meta : any
+>url : string
+
+export {x};
+>x : string
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a8a76a05152b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/index.ts(6,50): error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+/index.ts(7,14): error TS2305: Module '"pkg"' has no exported member 'ImportInterface'.
+/index.ts(7,49): error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+
+
+==== /index.ts (3 errors) ====
+    import type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+    import type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+    
+    export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface, ImportInterface {}
+    
+    import {type RequireInterface as Req} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+                                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+    import {type ImportInterface as Imp} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2305: Module '"pkg"' has no exported member 'ImportInterface'.
+                                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+    export interface Loc extends Req, Imp {}
+    
+    export type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+    export type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+    
+==== /node_modules/pkg/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "pkg",
+        "version": "0.0.1",
+        "exports": {
+            "import": "./import.js",
+            "require": "./require.js"
+        }
+    }
+==== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export interface ImportInterface {}
+==== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export interface RequireInterface {}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1b8bc65976edc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit1.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": {
+        "import": "./import.js",
+        "require": "./require.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [import.d.ts]
+export interface ImportInterface {}
+//// [require.d.ts]
+export interface RequireInterface {}
+//// [index.ts]
+import type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+import type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+
+export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface, ImportInterface {}
+
+import {type RequireInterface as Req} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+import {type ImportInterface as Imp} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+export interface Loc extends Req, Imp {}
+
+export type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+export type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+import type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+import type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface, ImportInterface {
+}
+import { type RequireInterface as Req } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+import { type ImportInterface as Imp } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+export interface Loc extends Req, Imp {
+}
+export type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+export type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e9a80972b95ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+import type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(index.ts, 0, 13))
+
+import type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(index.ts, 1, 13))
+
+export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface, ImportInterface {}
+>LocalInterface : Symbol(LocalInterface, Decl(index.ts, 1, 82))
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(index.ts, 0, 13))
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(index.ts, 1, 13))
+
+import {type RequireInterface as Req} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>Req : Symbol(Req, Decl(index.ts, 5, 8))
+
+import {type ImportInterface as Imp} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+>Imp : Symbol(Imp, Decl(index.ts, 6, 8))
+
+export interface Loc extends Req, Imp {}
+>Loc : Symbol(Loc, Decl(index.ts, 6, 87))
+>Req : Symbol(Req, Decl(index.ts, 5, 8))
+>Imp : Symbol(Imp, Decl(index.ts, 6, 8))
+
+export type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(index.ts, 9, 13))
+
+export type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(index.ts, 10, 13))
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export interface ImportInterface {}
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export interface RequireInterface {}
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..61190a772be06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+import type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+>RequireInterface : RequireInterface
+
+import type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+>ImportInterface : ImportInterface
+
+export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface, ImportInterface {}
+
+import {type RequireInterface as Req} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+>RequireInterface : any
+>Req : any
+
+import {type ImportInterface as Imp} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+>ImportInterface : any
+>Imp : any
+
+export interface Loc extends Req, Imp {}
+
+export type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+>RequireInterface : RequireInterface
+
+export type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+>ImportInterface : ImportInterface
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export interface ImportInterface {}
+No type information for this code.=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export interface RequireInterface {}
+No type information for this code.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0403a6e026ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/index.ts(6,14): error TS2305: Module '"pkg"' has no exported member 'RequireInterface'.
+/index.ts(6,50): error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+/index.ts(7,49): error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+
+
+==== /index.ts (3 errors) ====
+    import type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+    import type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+    
+    export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface, ImportInterface {}
+    
+    import {type RequireInterface as Req} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2305: Module '"pkg"' has no exported member 'RequireInterface'.
+                                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+    import {type ImportInterface as Imp} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+                                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+    export interface Loc extends Req, Imp {}
+    
+    export type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+    export type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+    
+==== /node_modules/pkg/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "pkg",
+        "version": "0.0.1",
+        "exports": {
+            "import": "./import.js",
+            "require": "./require.js"
+        }
+    }
+==== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export interface ImportInterface {}
+==== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export interface RequireInterface {}
+==== /package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..fad19d466a6ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit2.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": {
+        "import": "./import.js",
+        "require": "./require.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [import.d.ts]
+export interface ImportInterface {}
+//// [require.d.ts]
+export interface RequireInterface {}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [index.ts]
+import type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+import type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+
+export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface, ImportInterface {}
+
+import {type RequireInterface as Req} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+import {type ImportInterface as Imp} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+export interface Loc extends Req, Imp {}
+
+export type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+export type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+
+
+//// [index.js]
+export {};
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+import type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+import type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface, ImportInterface {
+}
+import { type RequireInterface as Req } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+import { type ImportInterface as Imp } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+export interface Loc extends Req, Imp {
+}
+export type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+export type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..fe172a1586e3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+import type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(index.ts, 0, 13))
+
+import type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(index.ts, 1, 13))
+
+export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface, ImportInterface {}
+>LocalInterface : Symbol(LocalInterface, Decl(index.ts, 1, 82))
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(index.ts, 0, 13))
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(index.ts, 1, 13))
+
+import {type RequireInterface as Req} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+>Req : Symbol(Req, Decl(index.ts, 5, 8))
+
+import {type ImportInterface as Imp} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>Imp : Symbol(Imp, Decl(index.ts, 6, 8))
+
+export interface Loc extends Req, Imp {}
+>Loc : Symbol(Loc, Decl(index.ts, 6, 87))
+>Req : Symbol(Req, Decl(index.ts, 5, 8))
+>Imp : Symbol(Imp, Decl(index.ts, 6, 8))
+
+export type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(index.ts, 9, 13))
+
+export type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(index.ts, 10, 13))
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export interface ImportInterface {}
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export interface RequireInterface {}
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..61190a772be06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+import type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+>RequireInterface : RequireInterface
+
+import type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+>ImportInterface : ImportInterface
+
+export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface, ImportInterface {}
+
+import {type RequireInterface as Req} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+>RequireInterface : any
+>Req : any
+
+import {type ImportInterface as Imp} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+>ImportInterface : any
+>Imp : any
+
+export interface Loc extends Req, Imp {}
+
+export type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+>RequireInterface : RequireInterface
+
+export type { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+>ImportInterface : ImportInterface
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export interface ImportInterface {}
+No type information for this code.=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export interface RequireInterface {}
+No type information for this code.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..bc3eb30565c6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/index.ts(2,45): error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+/index.ts(2,73): error TS1453: `resolution-mode` should be either `require` or `import`.
+/index.ts(4,10): error TS2305: Module '"pkg"' has no exported member 'ImportInterface'.
+/index.ts(4,39): error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+/index.ts(6,76): error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+
+
+==== /index.ts (5 errors) ====
+    // incorrect mode
+    import type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "foobar" };
+                                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+                                                                            ~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1453: `resolution-mode` should be either `require` or `import`.
+    // not type-only
+    import { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2305: Module '"pkg"' has no exported member 'ImportInterface'.
+                                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+    // not exclusively type-only
+    import {type RequireInterface as Req, RequireInterface as Req2} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+                                                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2821: Import assertions are only supported when the '--module' option is set to 'esnext' or 'nodenext'.
+    
+    export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface, ImportInterface {}
+    
+    
+    
+    
+==== /node_modules/pkg/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "pkg",
+        "version": "0.0.1",
+        "exports": {
+            "import": "./import.js",
+            "require": "./require.js"
+        }
+    }
+==== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export interface ImportInterface {}
+==== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export interface RequireInterface {}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3b2af2656d08b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmitErrors1.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": {
+        "import": "./import.js",
+        "require": "./require.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [import.d.ts]
+export interface ImportInterface {}
+//// [require.d.ts]
+export interface RequireInterface {}
+//// [index.ts]
+// incorrect mode
+import type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "foobar" };
+// not type-only
+import { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+// not exclusively type-only
+import {type RequireInterface as Req, RequireInterface as Req2} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+
+export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface, ImportInterface {}
+
+
+
+
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+import type { RequireInterface } from "pkg";
+import { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface, ImportInterface {
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..fd1457831835d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+// incorrect mode
+import type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "foobar" };
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(index.ts, 1, 13))
+
+// not type-only
+import { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(index.ts, 3, 8))
+
+// not exclusively type-only
+import {type RequireInterface as Req, RequireInterface as Req2} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>Req : Symbol(Req, Decl(index.ts, 5, 8))
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>Req2 : Symbol(Req2, Decl(index.ts, 5, 37))
+
+export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface, ImportInterface {}
+>LocalInterface : Symbol(LocalInterface, Decl(index.ts, 5, 115))
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(index.ts, 1, 13))
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(index.ts, 3, 8))
+
+
+
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export interface RequireInterface {}
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..07bda5323dbc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+// incorrect mode
+import type { RequireInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "foobar" };
+>RequireInterface : RequireInterface
+
+// not type-only
+import { ImportInterface } from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "import" };
+>ImportInterface : any
+
+// not exclusively type-only
+import {type RequireInterface as Req, RequireInterface as Req2} from "pkg" assert { "resolution-mode": "require" };
+>RequireInterface : any
+>Req : any
+>RequireInterface : any
+>Req2 : any
+
+export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface, ImportInterface {}
+
+
+
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export interface RequireInterface {}
+No type information for this code.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionIntoExport(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionIntoExport(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d9c0ba1a429a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionIntoExport(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportResolutionIntoExport.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+type;
+//// [index.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+type;
+//// [index.cts]
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+type;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": "./index.cjs",
+    "imports": {
+        "#type": "package"
+    }
+}
+
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// esm format file
+const type = __importStar(require("#type"));
+type;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+type;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+type;
+
+
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionIntoExport(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionIntoExport(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1a0ad59fc81c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionIntoExport(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionIntoExport(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionIntoExport(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..cb05ede987ec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionIntoExport(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : typeof type
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : typeof type
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : typeof type
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionNoCycle(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionNoCycle(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c73a7a7885f63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionNoCycle(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(2,23): error TS2307: Cannot find module '#type' or its corresponding type declarations.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(2,23): error TS2307: Cannot find module '#type' or its corresponding type declarations.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(2,23): error TS2307: Cannot find module '#type' or its corresponding type declarations.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (1 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as type from "#type";
+                          ~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module '#type' or its corresponding type declarations.
+    type;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts (1 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as type from "#type";
+                          ~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module '#type' or its corresponding type declarations.
+    type;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts (1 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as type from "#type";
+                          ~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module '#type' or its corresponding type declarations.
+    type;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": "package",
+        "imports": {
+            "#type": "package"
+        }
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionNoCycle(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionNoCycle(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a5ed511f6f5f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionNoCycle(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportResolutionNoCycle.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+type;
+//// [index.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+type;
+//// [index.cts]
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+type;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": "package",
+    "imports": {
+        "#type": "package"
+    }
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+type;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+type;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// esm format file
+const type = __importStar(require("#type"));
+type;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionNoCycle(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionNoCycle(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1a0ad59fc81c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionNoCycle(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionNoCycle(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionNoCycle(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8bfd3afd06e6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportResolutionNoCycle(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : any
+
+type;
+>type : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : any
+
+type;
+>type : any
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : any
+
+type;
+>type : any
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4a65e05cdd90e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmit1.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": {
+        "import": "./import.js",
+        "require": "./require.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [import.d.ts]
+export interface ImportInterface {}
+//// [require.d.ts]
+export interface RequireInterface {}
+//// [index.ts]
+export type LocalInterface =
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "require"} }).RequireInterface
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} }).ImportInterface;
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "require"} }).RequireInterface);
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} }).ImportInterface);
+
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.b = exports.a = void 0;
+exports.a = null;
+exports.b = null;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export declare type LocalInterface = import("pkg", { assert: { "resolution-mode": "require" } }).RequireInterface & import("pkg", { assert: { "resolution-mode": "import" } }).ImportInterface;
+export declare const a: import("pkg").RequireInterface;
+export declare const b: import("pkg", { assert: { "resolution-mode": "import" } }).ImportInterface;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..dd5d452777292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+export type LocalInterface =
+>LocalInterface : Symbol(LocalInterface, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "require"} }).RequireInterface
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} }).ImportInterface;
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "require"} }).RequireInterface);
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(index.ts, 4, 12))
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} }).ImportInterface);
+>b : Symbol(b, Decl(index.ts, 5, 12))
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export interface ImportInterface {}
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export interface RequireInterface {}
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..520761d1b0a01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+export type LocalInterface =
+>LocalInterface : import("/node_modules/pkg/require").RequireInterface & import("/node_modules/pkg/import").ImportInterface
+
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "require"} }).RequireInterface
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} }).ImportInterface;
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "require"} }).RequireInterface);
+>a : import("/node_modules/pkg/require").RequireInterface
+>(null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "require"} }).RequireInterface) : import("/node_modules/pkg/require").RequireInterface
+>null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "require"} }).RequireInterface : import("/node_modules/pkg/require").RequireInterface
+>null as any : any
+>null : null
+
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} }).ImportInterface);
+>b : import("/node_modules/pkg/import").ImportInterface
+>(null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} }).ImportInterface) : import("/node_modules/pkg/import").ImportInterface
+>null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} }).ImportInterface : import("/node_modules/pkg/import").ImportInterface
+>null as any : any
+>null : null
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export interface ImportInterface {}
+No type information for this code.=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export interface RequireInterface {}
+No type information for this code.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b8b88af5ded82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+/index.ts(2,51): error TS1453: `resolution-mode` should be either `require` or `import`.
+/index.ts(5,78): error TS1453: `resolution-mode` should be either `require` or `import`.
+/other.ts(3,7): error TS1340: Module 'pkg' does not refer to a type, but is used as a type here. Did you mean 'typeof import('pkg')'?
+/other.ts(3,22): error TS1005: 'assert' expected.
+/other.ts(3,39): error TS1005: ';' expected.
+/other.ts(3,50): error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+/other.ts(3,51): error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+/other.ts(3,52): error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+/other.ts(3,53): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'RequireInterface'.
+/other.ts(4,22): error TS2322: Type '{ "resolution-mode": string; }' is not assignable to type 'ImportCallOptions'.
+  Object literal may only specify known properties, and '"resolution-mode"' does not exist in type 'ImportCallOptions'.
+/other.ts(4,52): error TS2339: Property 'ImportInterface' does not exist on type 'Promise<{ default: typeof import("/node_modules/pkg/import"); }>'.
+/other.ts(6,34): error TS1340: Module 'pkg' does not refer to a type, but is used as a type here. Did you mean 'typeof import('pkg')'?
+/other.ts(6,49): error TS1005: 'assert' expected.
+/other.ts(6,66): error TS1005: ';' expected.
+/other.ts(6,77): error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+/other.ts(6,78): error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+/other.ts(6,79): error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+/other.ts(6,80): error TS1434: Unexpected keyword or identifier.
+/other.ts(6,80): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'RequireInterface'.
+/other.ts(6,96): error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+/other.ts(7,34): error TS1340: Module 'pkg' does not refer to a type, but is used as a type here. Did you mean 'typeof import('pkg')'?
+/other.ts(7,49): error TS1005: 'assert' expected.
+/other.ts(7,66): error TS1005: ';' expected.
+/other.ts(7,76): error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+/other.ts(7,77): error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+/other.ts(7,78): error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+/other.ts(7,79): error TS1434: Unexpected keyword or identifier.
+/other.ts(7,79): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'ImportInterface'.
+/other.ts(7,94): error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+/other2.ts(3,32): error TS1455: `resolution-mode` is the only valid key for type import assertions.
+/other2.ts(4,32): error TS1455: `resolution-mode` is the only valid key for type import assertions.
+/other2.ts(4,52): error TS2694: Namespace '"/node_modules/pkg/require"' has no exported member 'ImportInterface'.
+/other2.ts(6,59): error TS1455: `resolution-mode` is the only valid key for type import assertions.
+/other2.ts(7,59): error TS1455: `resolution-mode` is the only valid key for type import assertions.
+/other2.ts(7,79): error TS2694: Namespace '"/node_modules/pkg/require"' has no exported member 'ImportInterface'.
+/other3.ts(3,7): error TS1340: Module 'pkg' does not refer to a type, but is used as a type here. Did you mean 'typeof import('pkg')'?
+/other3.ts(3,21): error TS1005: '{' expected.
+/other3.ts(3,23): error TS2538: Type '{ "resolution-mode": "require"; }' cannot be used as an index type.
+/other3.ts(3,55): error TS1005: ';' expected.
+/other3.ts(3,56): error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+/other3.ts(3,57): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'RequireInterface'.
+/other3.ts(4,21): error TS2559: Type '{ "resolution-mode": string; }[]' has no properties in common with type 'ImportCallOptions'.
+/other3.ts(4,56): error TS2339: Property 'ImportInterface' does not exist on type 'Promise<{ default: typeof import("/node_modules/pkg/import"); }>'.
+/other3.ts(6,34): error TS1340: Module 'pkg' does not refer to a type, but is used as a type here. Did you mean 'typeof import('pkg')'?
+/other3.ts(6,48): error TS1005: '{' expected.
+/other3.ts(6,50): error TS2538: Type '{ "resolution-mode": "require"; }' cannot be used as an index type.
+/other3.ts(6,100): error TS1005: ',' expected.
+/other3.ts(7,34): error TS1340: Module 'pkg' does not refer to a type, but is used as a type here. Did you mean 'typeof import('pkg')'?
+/other3.ts(7,48): error TS1005: '{' expected.
+/other3.ts(7,50): error TS2538: Type '{ "resolution-mode": "import"; }' cannot be used as an index type.
+/other3.ts(7,98): error TS1005: ',' expected.
+/other4.ts(6,7): error TS1340: Module 'pkg' does not refer to a type, but is used as a type here. Did you mean 'typeof import('pkg')'?
+/other4.ts(6,21): error TS1005: '{' expected.
+/other4.ts(6,21): error TS2448: Block-scoped variable 'Asserts1' used before its declaration.
+/other4.ts(6,29): error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+/other4.ts(6,30): error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+/other4.ts(6,31): error TS2448: Block-scoped variable 'RequireInterface' used before its declaration.
+/other4.ts(7,21): error TS2448: Block-scoped variable 'Asserts2' used before its declaration.
+/other4.ts(7,31): error TS2339: Property 'ImportInterface' does not exist on type 'Promise<{ default: typeof import("/node_modules/pkg/import"); }>'.
+/other4.ts(9,34): error TS1340: Module 'pkg' does not refer to a type, but is used as a type here. Did you mean 'typeof import('pkg')'?
+/other4.ts(9,48): error TS1005: '{' expected.
+/other4.ts(9,56): error TS1005: ',' expected.
+/other4.ts(9,57): error TS1134: Variable declaration expected.
+/other4.ts(9,74): error TS1005: ',' expected.
+/other4.ts(10,34): error TS1340: Module 'pkg' does not refer to a type, but is used as a type here. Did you mean 'typeof import('pkg')'?
+/other4.ts(10,48): error TS1005: '{' expected.
+/other4.ts(10,56): error TS1005: ',' expected.
+/other4.ts(10,57): error TS1134: Variable declaration expected.
+/other4.ts(10,73): error TS1005: ',' expected.
+/other5.ts(2,31): error TS1456: Type import assertions should have exactly one key - `resolution-mode` - with value `import` or `require`.
+/other5.ts(3,31): error TS1456: Type import assertions should have exactly one key - `resolution-mode` - with value `import` or `require`.
+/other5.ts(3,37): error TS2694: Namespace '"/node_modules/pkg/require"' has no exported member 'ImportInterface'.
+/other5.ts(5,58): error TS1456: Type import assertions should have exactly one key - `resolution-mode` - with value `import` or `require`.
+/other5.ts(6,58): error TS1456: Type import assertions should have exactly one key - `resolution-mode` - with value `import` or `require`.
+/other5.ts(6,64): error TS2694: Namespace '"/node_modules/pkg/require"' has no exported member 'ImportInterface'.
+
+
+==== /node_modules/pkg/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "pkg",
+        "version": "0.0.1",
+        "exports": {
+            "import": "./import.js",
+            "require": "./require.js"
+        }
+    }
+==== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export interface ImportInterface {}
+==== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export interface RequireInterface {}
+==== /index.ts (2 errors) ====
+    export type LocalInterface =
+        & import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "foobar"} }).RequireInterface
+                                                      ~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1453: `resolution-mode` should be either `require` or `import`.
+        & import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} }).ImportInterface;
+    
+    export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "foobar"} }).RequireInterface);
+                                                                                 ~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1453: `resolution-mode` should be either `require` or `import`.
+    export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} }).ImportInterface);
+==== /other.ts (27 errors) ====
+    // missing assert:
+    export type LocalInterface =
+        & import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "require"}).RequireInterface
+          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1340: Module 'pkg' does not refer to a type, but is used as a type here. Did you mean 'typeof import('pkg')'?
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1005: 'assert' expected.
+!!! related TS1007 /other.ts:3:21: The parser expected to find a '}' to match the '{' token here.
+                                          ~
+!!! error TS1005: ';' expected.
+                                                     ~
+!!! error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+                                                      ~
+!!! error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+                                                       ~
+!!! error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+                                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2304: Cannot find name 'RequireInterface'.
+        & import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "import"}).ImportInterface;
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2322: Type '{ "resolution-mode": string; }' is not assignable to type 'ImportCallOptions'.
+!!! error TS2322:   Object literal may only specify known properties, and '"resolution-mode"' does not exist in type 'ImportCallOptions'.
+                                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2339: Property 'ImportInterface' does not exist on type 'Promise<{ default: typeof import("/node_modules/pkg/import"); }>'.
+    
+    export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "require"}).RequireInterface);
+                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1340: Module 'pkg' does not refer to a type, but is used as a type here. Did you mean 'typeof import('pkg')'?
+                                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1005: 'assert' expected.
+!!! related TS1007 /other.ts:6:48: The parser expected to find a '}' to match the '{' token here.
+                                                                     ~
+!!! error TS1005: ';' expected.
+                                                                                ~
+!!! error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+                                                                                 ~
+!!! error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+                                                                                  ~
+!!! error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+                                                                                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1434: Unexpected keyword or identifier.
+                                                                                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2304: Cannot find name 'RequireInterface'.
+                                                                                                   ~
+!!! error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+    export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "import"}).ImportInterface);
+                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1340: Module 'pkg' does not refer to a type, but is used as a type here. Did you mean 'typeof import('pkg')'?
+                                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1005: 'assert' expected.
+!!! related TS1007 /other.ts:7:48: The parser expected to find a '}' to match the '{' token here.
+                                                                     ~
+!!! error TS1005: ';' expected.
+                                                                               ~
+!!! error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+                                                                                ~
+!!! error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+                                                                                 ~
+!!! error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+                                                                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1434: Unexpected keyword or identifier.
+                                                                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2304: Cannot find name 'ImportInterface'.
+                                                                                                 ~
+!!! error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+==== /other2.ts (6 errors) ====
+    // wrong assertion key
+    export type LocalInterface =
+        & import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "require"} }).RequireInterface
+                                   ~~~~~
+!!! error TS1455: `resolution-mode` is the only valid key for type import assertions.
+        & import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "import"} }).ImportInterface;
+                                   ~~~~~
+!!! error TS1455: `resolution-mode` is the only valid key for type import assertions.
+                                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2694: Namespace '"/node_modules/pkg/require"' has no exported member 'ImportInterface'.
+    
+    export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "require"} }).RequireInterface);
+                                                              ~~~~~
+!!! error TS1455: `resolution-mode` is the only valid key for type import assertions.
+    export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "import"} }).ImportInterface);
+                                                              ~~~~~
+!!! error TS1455: `resolution-mode` is the only valid key for type import assertions.
+                                                                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2694: Namespace '"/node_modules/pkg/require"' has no exported member 'ImportInterface'.
+==== /other3.ts (16 errors) ====
+    // Array instead of object-y thing
+    export type LocalInterface =
+        & import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "require"} ]).RequireInterface
+          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1340: Module 'pkg' does not refer to a type, but is used as a type here. Did you mean 'typeof import('pkg')'?
+                        ~
+!!! error TS1005: '{' expected.
+!!! related TS1007 /other3.ts:3:21: The parser expected to find a '}' to match the '{' token here.
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2538: Type '{ "resolution-mode": "require"; }' cannot be used as an index type.
+                                                          ~
+!!! error TS1005: ';' expected.
+                                                           ~
+!!! error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+                                                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2304: Cannot find name 'RequireInterface'.
+        & import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "import"} ]).ImportInterface;
+                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2559: Type '{ "resolution-mode": string; }[]' has no properties in common with type 'ImportCallOptions'.
+                                                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2339: Property 'ImportInterface' does not exist on type 'Promise<{ default: typeof import("/node_modules/pkg/import"); }>'.
+    
+    export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "require"} ]).RequireInterface);
+                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1340: Module 'pkg' does not refer to a type, but is used as a type here. Did you mean 'typeof import('pkg')'?
+                                                   ~
+!!! error TS1005: '{' expected.
+!!! related TS1007 /other3.ts:6:48: The parser expected to find a '}' to match the '{' token here.
+                                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2538: Type '{ "resolution-mode": "require"; }' cannot be used as an index type.
+                                                                                                       ~
+!!! error TS1005: ',' expected.
+    export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "import"} ]).ImportInterface);
+                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1340: Module 'pkg' does not refer to a type, but is used as a type here. Did you mean 'typeof import('pkg')'?
+                                                   ~
+!!! error TS1005: '{' expected.
+!!! related TS1007 /other3.ts:7:48: The parser expected to find a '}' to match the '{' token here.
+                                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2538: Type '{ "resolution-mode": "import"; }' cannot be used as an index type.
+                                                                                                     ~
+!!! error TS1005: ',' expected.
+==== /other4.ts (18 errors) ====
+    // Indirected assertion objecty-thing - not allowed
+    type Asserts1 = { assert: {"resolution-mode": "require"} };
+    type Asserts2 = { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} };
+    
+    export type LocalInterface =
+        & import("pkg", Asserts1).RequireInterface
+          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1340: Module 'pkg' does not refer to a type, but is used as a type here. Did you mean 'typeof import('pkg')'?
+                        ~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1005: '{' expected.
+!!! related TS1007 /other4.ts:6:21: The parser expected to find a '}' to match the '{' token here.
+                        ~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2448: Block-scoped variable 'Asserts1' used before its declaration.
+!!! related TS2728 /other4.ts:9:48: 'Asserts1' is declared here.
+                                ~
+!!! error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+                                 ~
+!!! error TS1128: Declaration or statement expected.
+                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2448: Block-scoped variable 'RequireInterface' used before its declaration.
+!!! related TS2728 /other4.ts:9:58: 'RequireInterface' is declared here.
+        & import("pkg", Asserts2).ImportInterface;
+                        ~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2448: Block-scoped variable 'Asserts2' used before its declaration.
+!!! related TS2728 /other4.ts:10:48: 'Asserts2' is declared here.
+                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2339: Property 'ImportInterface' does not exist on type 'Promise<{ default: typeof import("/node_modules/pkg/import"); }>'.
+    
+    export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", Asserts1).RequireInterface);
+                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1340: Module 'pkg' does not refer to a type, but is used as a type here. Did you mean 'typeof import('pkg')'?
+                                                   ~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1005: '{' expected.
+!!! related TS1007 /other4.ts:9:48: The parser expected to find a '}' to match the '{' token here.
+                                                           ~
+!!! error TS1005: ',' expected.
+                                                            ~
+!!! error TS1134: Variable declaration expected.
+                                                                             ~
+!!! error TS1005: ',' expected.
+    export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", Asserts2).ImportInterface);
+                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1340: Module 'pkg' does not refer to a type, but is used as a type here. Did you mean 'typeof import('pkg')'?
+                                                   ~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1005: '{' expected.
+!!! related TS1007 /other4.ts:10:48: The parser expected to find a '}' to match the '{' token here.
+                                                           ~
+!!! error TS1005: ',' expected.
+                                                            ~
+!!! error TS1134: Variable declaration expected.
+                                                                            ~
+!!! error TS1005: ',' expected.
+==== /other5.ts (6 errors) ====
+    export type LocalInterface =
+        & import("pkg", { assert: {} }).RequireInterface
+                                  ~~
+!!! error TS1456: Type import assertions should have exactly one key - `resolution-mode` - with value `import` or `require`.
+        & import("pkg", { assert: {} }).ImportInterface;
+                                  ~~
+!!! error TS1456: Type import assertions should have exactly one key - `resolution-mode` - with value `import` or `require`.
+                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2694: Namespace '"/node_modules/pkg/require"' has no exported member 'ImportInterface'.
+    
+    export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {} }).RequireInterface);
+                                                             ~~
+!!! error TS1456: Type import assertions should have exactly one key - `resolution-mode` - with value `import` or `require`.
+    export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {} }).ImportInterface);
+                                                             ~~
+!!! error TS1456: Type import assertions should have exactly one key - `resolution-mode` - with value `import` or `require`.
+                                                                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2694: Namespace '"/node_modules/pkg/require"' has no exported member 'ImportInterface'.
+    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7fd0aff8e8f6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmitErrors1.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": {
+        "import": "./import.js",
+        "require": "./require.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [import.d.ts]
+export interface ImportInterface {}
+//// [require.d.ts]
+export interface RequireInterface {}
+//// [index.ts]
+export type LocalInterface =
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "foobar"} }).RequireInterface
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} }).ImportInterface;
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "foobar"} }).RequireInterface);
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} }).ImportInterface);
+//// [other.ts]
+// missing assert:
+export type LocalInterface =
+    & import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "require"}).RequireInterface
+    & import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "import"}).ImportInterface;
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "require"}).RequireInterface);
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "import"}).ImportInterface);
+//// [other2.ts]
+// wrong assertion key
+export type LocalInterface =
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "require"} }).RequireInterface
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "import"} }).ImportInterface;
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "require"} }).RequireInterface);
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "import"} }).ImportInterface);
+//// [other3.ts]
+// Array instead of object-y thing
+export type LocalInterface =
+    & import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "require"} ]).RequireInterface
+    & import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "import"} ]).ImportInterface;
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "require"} ]).RequireInterface);
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "import"} ]).ImportInterface);
+//// [other4.ts]
+// Indirected assertion objecty-thing - not allowed
+type Asserts1 = { assert: {"resolution-mode": "require"} };
+type Asserts2 = { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} };
+
+export type LocalInterface =
+    & import("pkg", Asserts1).RequireInterface
+    & import("pkg", Asserts2).ImportInterface;
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", Asserts1).RequireInterface);
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", Asserts2).ImportInterface);
+//// [other5.ts]
+export type LocalInterface =
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {} }).RequireInterface
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {} }).ImportInterface;
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {} }).RequireInterface);
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {} }).ImportInterface);
+
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.b = exports.a = void 0;
+exports.a = null;
+exports.b = null;
+//// [other.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.b = exports.a = void 0;
+"resolution-mode";
+"require";
+RequireInterface
+    & import("pkg", { "resolution-mode": "import" }).ImportInterface;
+exports.a = null;
+"resolution-mode";
+"require";
+RequireInterface;
+;
+exports.b = null;
+"resolution-mode";
+"import";
+ImportInterface;
+;
+//// [other2.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.b = exports.a = void 0;
+exports.a = null;
+exports.b = null;
+//// [other3.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.b = exports.a = void 0;
+RequireInterface
+    & import("pkg", [{ "resolution-mode": "import" }]).ImportInterface;
+exports.a = null.RequireInterface;
+exports.b = null.ImportInterface;
+//// [other4.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.ImportInterface = exports.Asserts2 = exports.b = exports.RequireInterface = exports.Asserts1 = exports.a = void 0;
+exports.Asserts1;
+exports.RequireInterface
+    & import("pkg", exports.Asserts2).ImportInterface;
+exports.a = null;
+exports.b = null;
+//// [other5.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.b = exports.a = void 0;
+exports.a = null;
+exports.b = null;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export declare type LocalInterface = import("pkg", { assert: { "resolution-mode": "foobar" } }).RequireInterface & import("pkg", { assert: { "resolution-mode": "import" } }).ImportInterface;
+export declare const a: import("pkg").RequireInterface;
+export declare const b: import("pkg", { assert: { "resolution-mode": "import" } }).ImportInterface;
+//// [other.d.ts]
+export declare type LocalInterface = import("pkg", { assert: {} });
+export declare const a: any;
+export declare const b: any;
+//// [other2.d.ts]
+export declare type LocalInterface = import("pkg", { assert: { "bad": "require" } }).RequireInterface & import("pkg", { assert: { "bad": "import" } }).ImportInterface;
+export declare const a: import("pkg").RequireInterface;
+export declare const b: any;
+//// [other3.d.ts]
+export declare type LocalInterface = import("pkg", { assert: {} })[{
+    "resolution-mode": "require";
+}];
+export declare const a: any;
+export declare const b: any;
+//// [other4.d.ts]
+export declare type LocalInterface = import("pkg", { assert: {} });
+export declare const a: any, Asserts1: any, RequireInterface: any;
+export declare const b: any, Asserts2: any, ImportInterface: any;
+//// [other5.d.ts]
+export declare type LocalInterface = import("pkg", { assert: {} }).RequireInterface & import("pkg", { assert: {} }).ImportInterface;
+export declare const a: import("pkg").RequireInterface;
+export declare const b: any;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..71b67ec81d607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export interface ImportInterface {}
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export interface RequireInterface {}
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+=== /index.ts ===
+export type LocalInterface =
+>LocalInterface : Symbol(LocalInterface, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "foobar"} }).RequireInterface
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} }).ImportInterface;
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "foobar"} }).RequireInterface);
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(index.ts, 4, 12))
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} }).ImportInterface);
+>b : Symbol(b, Decl(index.ts, 5, 12))
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+=== /other.ts ===
+// missing assert:
+export type LocalInterface =
+>LocalInterface : Symbol(LocalInterface, Decl(other.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    & import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "require"}).RequireInterface
+    & import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "import"}).ImportInterface;
+>"pkg" : Symbol("/node_modules/pkg/import", Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>"resolution-mode" : Symbol("resolution-mode", Decl(other.ts, 3, 21))
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "require"}).RequireInterface);
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(other.ts, 5, 12))
+
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "import"}).ImportInterface);
+>b : Symbol(b, Decl(other.ts, 6, 12))
+
+=== /other2.ts ===
+// wrong assertion key
+export type LocalInterface =
+>LocalInterface : Symbol(LocalInterface, Decl(other2.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "require"} }).RequireInterface
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "import"} }).ImportInterface;
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "require"} }).RequireInterface);
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(other2.ts, 5, 12))
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "import"} }).ImportInterface);
+>b : Symbol(b, Decl(other2.ts, 6, 12))
+
+=== /other3.ts ===
+// Array instead of object-y thing
+export type LocalInterface =
+>LocalInterface : Symbol(LocalInterface, Decl(other3.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    & import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "require"} ]).RequireInterface
+>"resolution-mode" : Symbol("resolution-mode", Decl(other3.ts, 2, 23))
+
+    & import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "import"} ]).ImportInterface;
+>"pkg" : Symbol("/node_modules/pkg/import", Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>"resolution-mode" : Symbol("resolution-mode", Decl(other3.ts, 3, 23))
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "require"} ]).RequireInterface);
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(other3.ts, 5, 12))
+>"resolution-mode" : Symbol("resolution-mode", Decl(other3.ts, 5, 50))
+
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "import"} ]).ImportInterface);
+>b : Symbol(b, Decl(other3.ts, 6, 12))
+>"resolution-mode" : Symbol("resolution-mode", Decl(other3.ts, 6, 50))
+
+=== /other4.ts ===
+// Indirected assertion objecty-thing - not allowed
+type Asserts1 = { assert: {"resolution-mode": "require"} };
+>Asserts1 : Symbol(Asserts1, Decl(other4.ts, 0, 0), Decl(other4.ts, 8, 46))
+>assert : Symbol(assert, Decl(other4.ts, 1, 17))
+>"resolution-mode" : Symbol("resolution-mode", Decl(other4.ts, 1, 27))
+
+type Asserts2 = { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} };
+>Asserts2 : Symbol(Asserts2, Decl(other4.ts, 1, 59), Decl(other4.ts, 9, 46))
+>assert : Symbol(assert, Decl(other4.ts, 2, 17))
+>"resolution-mode" : Symbol("resolution-mode", Decl(other4.ts, 2, 27))
+
+export type LocalInterface =
+>LocalInterface : Symbol(LocalInterface, Decl(other4.ts, 2, 58))
+
+    & import("pkg", Asserts1).RequireInterface
+>Asserts1 : Symbol(Asserts1, Decl(other4.ts, 8, 46))
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(other4.ts, 8, 57))
+
+    & import("pkg", Asserts2).ImportInterface;
+>"pkg" : Symbol("/node_modules/pkg/import", Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>Asserts2 : Symbol(Asserts2, Decl(other4.ts, 9, 46))
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", Asserts1).RequireInterface);
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(other4.ts, 8, 12))
+>Asserts1 : Symbol(Asserts1, Decl(other4.ts, 8, 46))
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(other4.ts, 8, 57))
+
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", Asserts2).ImportInterface);
+>b : Symbol(b, Decl(other4.ts, 9, 12))
+>Asserts2 : Symbol(Asserts2, Decl(other4.ts, 9, 46))
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(other4.ts, 9, 57))
+
+=== /other5.ts ===
+export type LocalInterface =
+>LocalInterface : Symbol(LocalInterface, Decl(other5.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {} }).RequireInterface
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {} }).ImportInterface;
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {} }).RequireInterface);
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(other5.ts, 4, 12))
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 0))
+
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {} }).ImportInterface);
+>b : Symbol(b, Decl(other5.ts, 5, 12))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1b75c0fff241a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmitErrors1(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export interface ImportInterface {}
+No type information for this code.=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export interface RequireInterface {}
+No type information for this code.=== /index.ts ===
+export type LocalInterface =
+>LocalInterface : import("/node_modules/pkg/require").RequireInterface & import("/node_modules/pkg/import").ImportInterface
+
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "foobar"} }).RequireInterface
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} }).ImportInterface;
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "foobar"} }).RequireInterface);
+>a : import("/node_modules/pkg/require").RequireInterface
+>(null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "foobar"} }).RequireInterface) : import("/node_modules/pkg/require").RequireInterface
+>null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "foobar"} }).RequireInterface : import("/node_modules/pkg/require").RequireInterface
+>null as any : any
+>null : null
+
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} }).ImportInterface);
+>b : import("/node_modules/pkg/import").ImportInterface
+>(null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} }).ImportInterface) : import("/node_modules/pkg/import").ImportInterface
+>null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} }).ImportInterface : import("/node_modules/pkg/import").ImportInterface
+>null as any : any
+>null : null
+
+=== /other.ts ===
+// missing assert:
+export type LocalInterface =
+>LocalInterface : any
+
+    & import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "require"}).RequireInterface
+>"resolution-mode" : "resolution-mode"
+>"require" : "require"
+>RequireInterface    & import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "import"}).ImportInterface : number
+>RequireInterface : any
+
+    & import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "import"}).ImportInterface;
+>import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "import"}).ImportInterface : any
+>import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "import"}) : Promise<{ default: typeof import("/node_modules/pkg/import"); }>
+>"pkg" : "pkg"
+>{"resolution-mode": "import"} : { "resolution-mode": string; }
+>"resolution-mode" : string
+>"import" : "import"
+>ImportInterface : any
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "require"}).RequireInterface);
+>a : any
+>(null as any as import("pkg", { : any
+>null as any as import("pkg", { : any
+>null as any : any
+>null : null
+>"resolution-mode" : "resolution-mode"
+>"require" : "require"
+>RequireInterface : any
+
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", {"resolution-mode": "import"}).ImportInterface);
+>b : any
+>(null as any as import("pkg", { : any
+>null as any as import("pkg", { : any
+>null as any : any
+>null : null
+>"resolution-mode" : "resolution-mode"
+>"import" : "import"
+>ImportInterface : any
+
+=== /other2.ts ===
+// wrong assertion key
+export type LocalInterface =
+>LocalInterface : any
+
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "require"} }).RequireInterface
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "import"} }).ImportInterface;
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "require"} }).RequireInterface);
+>a : import("/node_modules/pkg/require").RequireInterface
+>(null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "require"} }).RequireInterface) : import("/node_modules/pkg/require").RequireInterface
+>null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "require"} }).RequireInterface : import("/node_modules/pkg/require").RequireInterface
+>null as any : any
+>null : null
+
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "import"} }).ImportInterface);
+>b : any
+>(null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "import"} }).ImportInterface) : any
+>null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {"bad": "import"} }).ImportInterface : any
+>null as any : any
+>null : null
+
+=== /other3.ts ===
+// Array instead of object-y thing
+export type LocalInterface =
+>LocalInterface : any
+
+    & import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "require"} ]).RequireInterface
+>"resolution-mode" : "require"
+>RequireInterface    & import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "import"} ]).ImportInterface : number
+>RequireInterface : any
+
+    & import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "import"} ]).ImportInterface;
+>import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "import"} ]).ImportInterface : any
+>import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "import"} ]) : Promise<{ default: typeof import("/node_modules/pkg/import"); }>
+>"pkg" : "pkg"
+>[ {"resolution-mode": "import"} ] : { "resolution-mode": string; }[]
+>{"resolution-mode": "import"} : { "resolution-mode": string; }
+>"resolution-mode" : string
+>"import" : "import"
+>ImportInterface : any
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "require"} ]).RequireInterface);
+>a : any
+>(null as any as import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "require"} ]).RequireInterface : any
+>(null as any as import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "require"} ]) : any
+>null as any as import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "require"} ] : any
+>null as any : any
+>null : null
+>"resolution-mode" : "require"
+>RequireInterface : any
+
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "import"} ]).ImportInterface);
+>b : any
+>(null as any as import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "import"} ]).ImportInterface : any
+>(null as any as import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "import"} ]) : any
+>null as any as import("pkg", [ {"resolution-mode": "import"} ] : any
+>null as any : any
+>null : null
+>"resolution-mode" : "import"
+>ImportInterface : any
+
+=== /other4.ts ===
+// Indirected assertion objecty-thing - not allowed
+type Asserts1 = { assert: {"resolution-mode": "require"} };
+>Asserts1 : { assert: {    "resolution-mode": "require";}; }
+>assert : { "resolution-mode": "require"; }
+>"resolution-mode" : "require"
+
+type Asserts2 = { assert: {"resolution-mode": "import"} };
+>Asserts2 : { assert: {    "resolution-mode": "import";}; }
+>assert : { "resolution-mode": "import"; }
+>"resolution-mode" : "import"
+
+export type LocalInterface =
+>LocalInterface : any
+
+    & import("pkg", Asserts1).RequireInterface
+>Asserts1 : any
+>RequireInterface    & import("pkg", Asserts2).ImportInterface : number
+>RequireInterface : any
+
+    & import("pkg", Asserts2).ImportInterface;
+>import("pkg", Asserts2).ImportInterface : any
+>import("pkg", Asserts2) : Promise<{ default: typeof import("/node_modules/pkg/import"); }>
+>"pkg" : "pkg"
+>Asserts2 : any
+>ImportInterface : any
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", Asserts1).RequireInterface);
+>a : any
+>(null as any as import("pkg", : any
+>null as any as import("pkg", : any
+>null as any : any
+>null : null
+>Asserts1 : any
+>RequireInterface : any
+
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", Asserts2).ImportInterface);
+>b : any
+>(null as any as import("pkg", : any
+>null as any as import("pkg", : any
+>null as any : any
+>null : null
+>Asserts2 : any
+>ImportInterface : any
+
+=== /other5.ts ===
+export type LocalInterface =
+>LocalInterface : any
+
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {} }).RequireInterface
+    & import("pkg", { assert: {} }).ImportInterface;
+
+export const a = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {} }).RequireInterface);
+>a : import("/node_modules/pkg/require").RequireInterface
+>(null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {} }).RequireInterface) : import("/node_modules/pkg/require").RequireInterface
+>null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {} }).RequireInterface : import("/node_modules/pkg/require").RequireInterface
+>null as any : any
+>null : null
+
+export const b = (null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {} }).ImportInterface);
+>b : any
+>(null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {} }).ImportInterface) : any
+>null as any as import("pkg", { assert: {} }).ImportInterface : any
+>null as any : any
+>null : null
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageExports(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageExports(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..464db33f319b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageExports(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'package/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(4,23): error TS1471: Module 'package' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(9,23): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts(2,13): error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+    import * as type from "package";
+    cjs;
+    mjs;
+    type;
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+    import * as typei from "inner";
+    cjsi;
+    mjsi;
+    typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+    import * as type from "package";
+    cjs;
+    mjs;
+    type;
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+    import * as typei from "inner";
+    cjsi;
+    mjsi;
+    typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts (3 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'package/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "package";
+                          ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'package' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    cjs;
+    mjs;
+    type;
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as typei from "inner";
+    cjsi;
+    mjsi;
+    typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts (2 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+                ~~~
+!!! error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "inner";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+    import * as type from "inner";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts (1 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "inner";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": {
+            "./cjs": "./index.cjs",
+            "./mjs": "./index.mjs",
+            ".": "./index.js"
+        }
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "inner",
+        "private": true,
+        "exports": {
+            "./cjs": "./index.cjs",
+            "./mjs": "./index.mjs",
+            ".": "./index.js"
+        }
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageExports(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageExports(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d974207d7b4ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageExports(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackageExports.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.cts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+import * as type from "inner";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+//// [index.d.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+import * as type from "inner";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+//// [index.d.cts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+import * as type from "inner";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": {
+        "./cjs": "./index.cjs",
+        "./mjs": "./index.mjs",
+        ".": "./index.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "inner",
+    "private": true,
+    "exports": {
+        "./cjs": "./index.cjs",
+        "./mjs": "./index.mjs",
+        ".": "./index.js"
+    }
+}
+
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// cjs format file
+const cjs = __importStar(require("package/cjs"));
+const mjs = __importStar(require("package/mjs"));
+const type = __importStar(require("package"));
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+const cjsi = __importStar(require("inner/cjs"));
+const mjsi = __importStar(require("inner/mjs"));
+const typei = __importStar(require("inner"));
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+import * as type from "package";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+
+
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageExports(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageExports(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0a2a74496f400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageExports(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.ts, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.ts, 3, 6))
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.ts, 7, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.ts, 8, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.ts, 9, 6))
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.ts, 7, 6))
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.ts, 8, 6))
+
+typei;
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.ts, 9, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.mts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.mts, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.mts, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.mts, 3, 6))
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.mts, 7, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.mts, 8, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.mts, 9, 6))
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.mts, 7, 6))
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.mts, 8, 6))
+
+typei;
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.mts, 9, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.cts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.cts, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.cts, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.cts, 3, 6))
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.cts, 7, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.cts, 8, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.cts, 9, 6))
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.cts, 7, 6))
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.cts, 8, 6))
+
+typei;
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.cts, 9, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.ts, 3, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(mjs.cjs.cjs.type.cjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 4, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs.cjs.cjs.type.mjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 5, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(mjs.cjs.cjs.type.type, Decl(index.d.ts, 6, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.mts, 3, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs.mjs.cjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 4, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs.mjs.mjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 5, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(cjs.cjs.mjs.type, Decl(index.d.mts, 6, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.cts, 3, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 4, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(cjs.mjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 5, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(cjs.type, Decl(index.d.cts, 6, 8))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageExports(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageExports(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8d3dcec7235fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageExports(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+typei;
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+typei;
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "package/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "package/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "package";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.mjs
+
+import * as typei from "inner";
+>typei : typeof cjsi.mjs.cjs.type
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.mjs
+
+typei;
+>typei : typeof cjsi.mjs.cjs.type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+>cjs : any
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : typeof mjs.cjs.cjs.type
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : any
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof mjs.cjs.cjs.type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs.type
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs.type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs";
+>mjs : typeof cjs.mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner";
+>type : typeof cjs.mjs.cjs.type
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof cjs.mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof cjs.mjs.cjs.type
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageImports(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageImports(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..cc174f1eb7e26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageImports(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(3,22): error TS1471: Module '#mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(4,23): error TS1471: Module '#type' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+    import * as type from "#type";
+    cjs;
+    mjs;
+    type;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+    import * as type from "#type";
+    cjs;
+    mjs;
+    type;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts (2 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module '#mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "#type";
+                          ~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module '#type' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    cjs;
+    mjs;
+    type;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": "./index.js",
+        "imports": {
+            "#cjs": "./index.cjs",
+            "#mjs": "./index.mjs",
+            "#type": "./index.js"
+        }
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageImports(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageImports(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..fb612b6c2fd66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageImports(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackageImports.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+import * as type from "#type";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+//// [index.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+import * as type from "#type";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+//// [index.cts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+import * as type from "#type";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": "./index.js",
+    "imports": {
+        "#cjs": "./index.cjs",
+        "#mjs": "./index.mjs",
+        "#type": "./index.js"
+    }
+}
+
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+import * as type from "#type";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// esm format file
+const cjs = __importStar(require("#cjs"));
+const mjs = __importStar(require("#mjs"));
+const type = __importStar(require("#type"));
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+import * as type from "#type";
+cjs;
+mjs;
+type;
+
+
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageImports(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageImports(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2a0fece72371f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageImports(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.ts, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.ts, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.mts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.mts, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.mts, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.mts, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.cts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.cts, 3, 6))
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.cts, 2, 6))
+
+type;
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.cts, 3, 6))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageImports(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageImports(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b4ade0559239b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackageImports(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "#cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "#mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "#type";
+>type : typeof type
+
+cjs;
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+mjs;
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+type;
+>type : typeof type
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExports(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExports(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0dc3774d5ef60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExports(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(3,23): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts(2,13): error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+    import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+    cjsi;
+    mjsi;
+    typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+    import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+    cjsi;
+    mjsi;
+    typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts (1 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+    cjsi;
+    mjsi;
+    typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts (2 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+                ~~~
+!!! error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+    import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts (1 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "inner",
+        "private": true,
+        "exports": {
+            "./cjs/*": "./*.cjs",
+            "./mjs/*": "./*.mjs",
+            "./js/*": "./*.js"
+        }
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExports(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExports(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..cef593a42469a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExports(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackagePatternExports.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.cts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+//// [index.d.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+//// [index.d.cts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "inner",
+    "private": true,
+    "exports": {
+        "./cjs/*": "./*.cjs",
+        "./mjs/*": "./*.mjs",
+        "./js/*": "./*.js"
+    }
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// cjs format file
+const cjsi = __importStar(require("inner/cjs/index"));
+const mjsi = __importStar(require("inner/mjs/index"));
+const typei = __importStar(require("inner/js/index"));
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExports(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExports(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c9823ad5c6c98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExports(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.ts, 3, 6))
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+typei;
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.ts, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.mts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.mts, 3, 6))
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.mts, 2, 6))
+
+typei;
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.mts, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.cts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.cts, 3, 6))
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.cts, 2, 6))
+
+typei;
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.cts, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.ts, 3, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(mjs.cjs.cjs.type.cjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 4, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs.cjs.cjs.type.mjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 5, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(mjs.cjs.cjs.type.type, Decl(index.d.ts, 6, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.mts, 3, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs.mjs.cjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 4, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs.mjs.mjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 5, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(cjs.cjs.mjs.type, Decl(index.d.mts, 6, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.cts, 3, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 4, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(cjs.mjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 5, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(cjs.type, Decl(index.d.cts, 6, 8))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExports(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExports(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3ebdb118fd95f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExports(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+typei;
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+typei;
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.mjs
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index";
+>typei : typeof cjsi.mjs.cjs.type
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.mjs
+
+typei;
+>typei : typeof cjsi.mjs.cjs.type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjs : any
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+>type : typeof mjs.cjs.cjs.type
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : any
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof mjs.cjs.cjs.type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjs : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+>type : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs.type
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs.type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index";
+>mjs : typeof cjs.mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index";
+>type : typeof cjs.mjs.cjs.type
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof cjs.mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof cjs.mjs.cjs.type
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9aa041ab4186a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(3,23): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts(2,13): error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts(3,22): error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+    import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+    cjsi;
+    mjsi;
+    typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+    import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+    cjsi;
+    mjsi;
+    typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts (1 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+    import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+    cjsi;
+    mjsi;
+    typei;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts (2 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+                ~~~
+!!! error TS2303: Circular definition of import alias 'cjs'.
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+    import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts (1 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+    import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'inner/mjs/index.mjs' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+    export { cjs };
+    export { mjs };
+    export { type };
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "inner",
+        "private": true,
+        "exports": {
+            "./cjs/*.cjs": "./*.cjs",
+            "./mjs/*.mjs": "./*.mjs",
+            "./js/*.js": "./*.js"
+        }
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..62c5b11569855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackagePatternExportsTrailers.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.cts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+//// [index.d.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+//// [index.d.cts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+export { cjs };
+export { mjs };
+export { type };
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "inner",
+    "private": true,
+    "exports": {
+        "./cjs/*.cjs": "./*.cjs",
+        "./mjs/*.mjs": "./*.mjs",
+        "./js/*.js": "./*.js"
+    }
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// cjs format file
+const cjsi = __importStar(require("inner/cjs/index.cjs"));
+const mjsi = __importStar(require("inner/mjs/index.mjs"));
+const typei = __importStar(require("inner/js/index.js"));
+cjsi;
+mjsi;
+typei;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..59394e7d56dec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.ts, 3, 6))
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+typei;
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.ts, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.mts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.mts, 3, 6))
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.mts, 2, 6))
+
+typei;
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.mts, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.cts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.cts, 3, 6))
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : Symbol(cjsi, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : Symbol(mjsi, Decl(index.cts, 2, 6))
+
+typei;
+>typei : Symbol(typei, Decl(index.cts, 3, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.ts, 3, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(mjs.cjs.cjs.type.cjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 4, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs.cjs.cjs.type.mjs, Decl(index.d.ts, 5, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(mjs.cjs.cjs.type.type, Decl(index.d.ts, 6, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.mts, 3, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs.mjs.cjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 4, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs.mjs.mjs, Decl(index.d.mts, 5, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(cjs.cjs.mjs.type, Decl(index.d.mts, 6, 8))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 1, 6))
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjs : Symbol(mjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 2, 6))
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(index.d.cts, 3, 6))
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : Symbol(cjs.cjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 4, 8))
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : Symbol(cjs.mjs, Decl(index.d.cts, 5, 8))
+
+export { type };
+>type : Symbol(cjs.type, Decl(index.d.cts, 6, 8))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f72f124769959
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesPackagePatternExportsTrailers(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+typei;
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.cjs.mjs
+
+typei;
+>typei : typeof typei
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjsi from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+import * as mjsi from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.mjs
+
+import * as typei from "inner/js/index.js";
+>typei : typeof cjsi.mjs.cjs.type
+
+cjsi;
+>cjsi : typeof cjsi
+
+mjsi;
+>mjsi : typeof cjsi.mjs
+
+typei;
+>typei : typeof cjsi.mjs.cjs.type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjs : any
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+>type : typeof mjs.cjs.cjs.type
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : any
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof mjs.cjs.cjs.type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjs : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+>type : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs.type
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof cjs.cjs.mjs.type
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as cjs from "inner/cjs/index.cjs";
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+import * as mjs from "inner/mjs/index.mjs";
+>mjs : typeof cjs.mjs
+
+import * as type from "inner/js/index.js";
+>type : typeof cjs.mjs.cjs.type
+
+export { cjs };
+>cjs : typeof cjs
+
+export { mjs };
+>mjs : typeof cjs.mjs
+
+export { type };
+>type : typeof cjs.mjs.cjs.type
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesResolveJsonModule(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesResolveJsonModule(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c349cb78a0ffb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesResolveJsonModule(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesResolveJsonModule.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+import pkg from "./package.json"
+export const name = pkg.name;
+import * as ns from "./package.json";
+export const thing = ns;
+export const name2 = ns.default.name;
+//// [index.cts]
+import pkg from "./package.json"
+export const name = pkg.name;
+import * as ns from "./package.json";
+export const thing = ns;
+export const name2 = ns.default.name;
+//// [index.mts]
+import pkg from "./package.json"
+export const name = pkg.name;
+import * as ns from "./package.json";
+export const thing = ns;
+export const name2 = ns.default.name;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "type": "module",
+    "default": "misedirection"
+}
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "type": "module",
+    "default": "misedirection"
+}
+//// [index.js]
+import pkg from "./package.json";
+export const name = pkg.name;
+import * as ns from "./package.json";
+export const thing = ns;
+export const name2 = ns.default.name;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+var __importDefault = (this && this.__importDefault) || function (mod) {
+    return (mod && mod.__esModule) ? mod : { "default": mod };
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.name2 = exports.thing = exports.name = void 0;
+const package_json_1 = __importDefault(require("./package.json"));
+exports.name = package_json_1.default.name;
+const ns = __importStar(require("./package.json"));
+exports.thing = ns;
+exports.name2 = ns.default.name;
+//// [index.mjs]
+import pkg from "./package.json";
+export const name = pkg.name;
+import * as ns from "./package.json";
+export const thing = ns;
+export const name2 = ns.default.name;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export declare const name: string;
+export declare const thing: {
+    default: {
+        name: string;
+        version: string;
+        type: string;
+        default: string;
+    };
+};
+export declare const name2: string;
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export declare const name: string;
+export declare const thing: {
+    default: {
+        name: string;
+        version: string;
+        type: string;
+        default: string;
+    };
+    name: string;
+    version: string;
+    type: string;
+};
+export declare const name2: string;
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export declare const name: string;
+export declare const thing: {
+    default: {
+        name: string;
+        version: string;
+        type: string;
+        default: string;
+    };
+};
+export declare const name2: string;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesResolveJsonModule(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesResolveJsonModule(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f1927c6899605
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesResolveJsonModule(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+import pkg from "./package.json"
+>pkg : Symbol(pkg, Decl(index.ts, 0, 6))
+
+export const name = pkg.name;
+>name : Symbol(name, Decl(index.ts, 1, 12))
+>pkg.name : Symbol("name", Decl(package.json, 0, 1))
+>pkg : Symbol(pkg, Decl(index.ts, 0, 6))
+>name : Symbol("name", Decl(package.json, 0, 1))
+
+import * as ns from "./package.json";
+>ns : Symbol(ns, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+export const thing = ns;
+>thing : Symbol(thing, Decl(index.ts, 3, 12))
+>ns : Symbol(ns, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+export const name2 = ns.default.name;
+>name2 : Symbol(name2, Decl(index.ts, 4, 12))
+>ns.default.name : Symbol("name", Decl(package.json, 0, 1))
+>ns.default : Symbol("tests/cases/conformance/node/package")
+>ns : Symbol(ns, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+>default : Symbol("tests/cases/conformance/node/package")
+>name : Symbol("name", Decl(package.json, 0, 1))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+import pkg from "./package.json"
+>pkg : Symbol(pkg, Decl(index.cts, 0, 6))
+
+export const name = pkg.name;
+>name : Symbol(name, Decl(index.cts, 1, 12))
+>pkg.name : Symbol("name", Decl(package.json, 0, 1))
+>pkg : Symbol(pkg, Decl(index.cts, 0, 6))
+>name : Symbol("name", Decl(package.json, 0, 1))
+
+import * as ns from "./package.json";
+>ns : Symbol(ns, Decl(index.cts, 2, 6))
+
+export const thing = ns;
+>thing : Symbol(thing, Decl(index.cts, 3, 12))
+>ns : Symbol(ns, Decl(index.cts, 2, 6))
+
+export const name2 = ns.default.name;
+>name2 : Symbol(name2, Decl(index.cts, 4, 12))
+>ns.default.name : Symbol("name", Decl(package.json, 0, 1))
+>ns.default : Symbol("tests/cases/conformance/node/package")
+>ns : Symbol(ns, Decl(index.cts, 2, 6))
+>default : Symbol("tests/cases/conformance/node/package")
+>name : Symbol("name", Decl(package.json, 0, 1))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+import pkg from "./package.json"
+>pkg : Symbol(pkg, Decl(index.mts, 0, 6))
+
+export const name = pkg.name;
+>name : Symbol(name, Decl(index.mts, 1, 12))
+>pkg.name : Symbol("name", Decl(package.json, 0, 1))
+>pkg : Symbol(pkg, Decl(index.mts, 0, 6))
+>name : Symbol("name", Decl(package.json, 0, 1))
+
+import * as ns from "./package.json";
+>ns : Symbol(ns, Decl(index.mts, 2, 6))
+
+export const thing = ns;
+>thing : Symbol(thing, Decl(index.mts, 3, 12))
+>ns : Symbol(ns, Decl(index.mts, 2, 6))
+
+export const name2 = ns.default.name;
+>name2 : Symbol(name2, Decl(index.mts, 4, 12))
+>ns.default.name : Symbol("name", Decl(package.json, 0, 1))
+>ns.default : Symbol("tests/cases/conformance/node/package")
+>ns : Symbol(ns, Decl(index.mts, 2, 6))
+>default : Symbol("tests/cases/conformance/node/package")
+>name : Symbol("name", Decl(package.json, 0, 1))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json ===
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+>"name" : Symbol("name", Decl(package.json, 0, 1))
+
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+>"version" : Symbol("version", Decl(package.json, 1, 18))
+
+    "type": "module",
+>"type" : Symbol("type", Decl(package.json, 2, 23))
+
+    "default": "misedirection"
+>"default" : Symbol("default", Decl(package.json, 3, 21))
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesResolveJsonModule(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesResolveJsonModule(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f6ad83e175444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesResolveJsonModule(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+import pkg from "./package.json"
+>pkg : { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }
+
+export const name = pkg.name;
+>name : string
+>pkg.name : string
+>pkg : { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }
+>name : string
+
+import * as ns from "./package.json";
+>ns : { default: { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }; }
+
+export const thing = ns;
+>thing : { default: { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }; }
+>ns : { default: { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }; }
+
+export const name2 = ns.default.name;
+>name2 : string
+>ns.default.name : string
+>ns.default : { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }
+>ns : { default: { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }; }
+>default : { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }
+>name : string
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+import pkg from "./package.json"
+>pkg : { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }
+
+export const name = pkg.name;
+>name : string
+>pkg.name : string
+>pkg : { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }
+>name : string
+
+import * as ns from "./package.json";
+>ns : { default: { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }; name: string; version: string; type: string; }
+
+export const thing = ns;
+>thing : { default: { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }; name: string; version: string; type: string; }
+>ns : { default: { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }; name: string; version: string; type: string; }
+
+export const name2 = ns.default.name;
+>name2 : string
+>ns.default.name : string
+>ns.default : { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }
+>ns : { default: { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }; name: string; version: string; type: string; }
+>default : { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }
+>name : string
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+import pkg from "./package.json"
+>pkg : { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }
+
+export const name = pkg.name;
+>name : string
+>pkg.name : string
+>pkg : { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }
+>name : string
+
+import * as ns from "./package.json";
+>ns : { default: { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }; }
+
+export const thing = ns;
+>thing : { default: { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }; }
+>ns : { default: { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }; }
+
+export const name2 = ns.default.name;
+>name2 : string
+>ns.default.name : string
+>ns.default : { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }
+>ns : { default: { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }; }
+>default : { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }
+>name : string
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json ===
+{
+>{    "name": "pkg",    "version": "0.0.1",    "type": "module",    "default": "misedirection"} : { name: string; version: string; type: string; default: string; }
+
+    "name": "pkg",
+>"name" : string
+>"pkg" : "pkg"
+
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+>"version" : string
+>"0.0.1" : "0.0.1"
+
+    "type": "module",
+>"type" : string
+>"module" : "module"
+
+    "default": "misedirection"
+>"default" : string
+>"misedirection" : "misedirection"
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesResolveJsonModule(module=nodenext).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesResolveJsonModule(module=nodenext).errors.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 4200a11e7baf9..0000000000000
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesResolveJsonModule(module=nodenext).errors.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(1,17): error TS7062: JSON imports are experimental in ES module mode imports.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts(3,21): error TS7062: JSON imports are experimental in ES module mode imports.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(1,17): error TS7062: JSON imports are experimental in ES module mode imports.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(3,21): error TS7062: JSON imports are experimental in ES module mode imports.
-
-
-==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (2 errors) ====
-    import pkg from "./package.json"
-                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS7062: JSON imports are experimental in ES module mode imports.
-    export const name = pkg.name;
-    import * as ns from "./package.json";
-                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS7062: JSON imports are experimental in ES module mode imports.
-    export const thing = ns;
-    export const name2 = ns.default.name;
-==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts (0 errors) ====
-    import pkg from "./package.json"
-    export const name = pkg.name;
-    import * as ns from "./package.json";
-    export const thing = ns;
-    export const name2 = ns.default.name;
-==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts (2 errors) ====
-    import pkg from "./package.json"
-                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS7062: JSON imports are experimental in ES module mode imports.
-    export const name = pkg.name;
-    import * as ns from "./package.json";
-                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS7062: JSON imports are experimental in ES module mode imports.
-    export const thing = ns;
-    export const name2 = ns.default.name;
-==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
-    {
-        "name": "pkg",
-        "version": "0.0.1",
-        "type": "module",
-        "default": "misedirection"
-    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..012ef390621c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts(3,22): error TS1471: Module './index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts(2,17): error TS1471: Module '../index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts(3,22): error TS1471: Module '../index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts (2 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import {h} from "../index.js";
+                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module '../index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import mod = require("../index.js");
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module '../index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import {f as _f} from "./index.js";
+    import mod2 = require("./index.js");
+    export async function f() {
+        const mod3 = await import ("../index.js");
+        const mod4 = await import ("./index.js");
+        h();
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (1 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import {h as _h} from "./index.js";
+    import mod = require("./index.js");
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module './index.js' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    import {f} from "./subfolder/index.js";
+    import mod2 = require("./subfolder/index.js");
+    export async function h() {
+        const mod3 = await import ("./index.js");
+        const mod4 = await import ("./subfolder/index.js");
+        f();
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7ac63da59146b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesSynchronousCallErrors.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// cjs format file
+import {h} from "../index.js";
+import mod = require("../index.js");
+import {f as _f} from "./index.js";
+import mod2 = require("./index.js");
+export async function f() {
+    const mod3 = await import ("../index.js");
+    const mod4 = await import ("./index.js");
+    h();
+}
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import {h as _h} from "./index.js";
+import mod = require("./index.js");
+import {f} from "./subfolder/index.js";
+import mod2 = require("./subfolder/index.js");
+export async function h() {
+    const mod3 = await import ("./index.js");
+    const mod4 = await import ("./subfolder/index.js");
+    f();
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+import { f } from "./subfolder/index.js";
+export async function h() {
+    const mod3 = await import("./index.js");
+    const mod4 = await import("./subfolder/index.js");
+    f();
+}
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.f = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const index_js_1 = require("../index.js");
+async function f() {
+    const mod3 = await import("../index.js");
+    const mod4 = await import("./index.js");
+    (0, index_js_1.h)();
+}
+exports.f = f;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export declare function h(): Promise<void>;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export declare function f(): Promise<void>;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8b03ab0af9f41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import {h} from "../index.js";
+>h : Symbol(h, Decl(index.ts, 1, 8))
+
+import mod = require("../index.js");
+>mod : Symbol(mod, Decl(index.ts, 1, 30))
+
+import {f as _f} from "./index.js";
+>f : Symbol(f, Decl(index.ts, 4, 36))
+>_f : Symbol(_f, Decl(index.ts, 3, 8))
+
+import mod2 = require("./index.js");
+>mod2 : Symbol(mod2, Decl(index.ts, 3, 35))
+
+export async function f() {
+>f : Symbol(f, Decl(index.ts, 4, 36))
+
+    const mod3 = await import ("../index.js");
+>mod3 : Symbol(mod3, Decl(index.ts, 6, 9))
+>"../index.js" : Symbol(mod, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    const mod4 = await import ("./index.js");
+>mod4 : Symbol(mod4, Decl(index.ts, 7, 9))
+>"./index.js" : Symbol(mod2, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    h();
+>h : Symbol(h, Decl(index.ts, 1, 8))
+}
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import {h as _h} from "./index.js";
+>h : Symbol(h, Decl(index.ts, 4, 46))
+>_h : Symbol(_h, Decl(index.ts, 1, 8))
+
+import mod = require("./index.js");
+>mod : Symbol(mod, Decl(index.ts, 1, 35))
+
+import {f} from "./subfolder/index.js";
+>f : Symbol(f, Decl(index.ts, 3, 8))
+
+import mod2 = require("./subfolder/index.js");
+>mod2 : Symbol(mod2, Decl(index.ts, 3, 39))
+
+export async function h() {
+>h : Symbol(h, Decl(index.ts, 4, 46))
+
+    const mod3 = await import ("./index.js");
+>mod3 : Symbol(mod3, Decl(index.ts, 6, 9))
+>"./index.js" : Symbol(mod, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    const mod4 = await import ("./subfolder/index.js");
+>mod4 : Symbol(mod4, Decl(index.ts, 7, 9))
+>"./subfolder/index.js" : Symbol(mod2, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    f();
+>f : Symbol(f, Decl(index.ts, 3, 8))
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0ded6fc1b888a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesSynchronousCallErrors(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+import {h} from "../index.js";
+>h : () => Promise<void>
+
+import mod = require("../index.js");
+>mod : typeof mod
+
+import {f as _f} from "./index.js";
+>f : () => Promise<void>
+>_f : () => Promise<void>
+
+import mod2 = require("./index.js");
+>mod2 : typeof mod2
+
+export async function f() {
+>f : () => Promise<void>
+
+    const mod3 = await import ("../index.js");
+>mod3 : typeof mod
+>await import ("../index.js") : typeof mod
+>import ("../index.js") : Promise<typeof mod>
+>"../index.js" : "../index.js"
+
+    const mod4 = await import ("./index.js");
+>mod4 : { default: typeof mod2; f(): Promise<void>; }
+>await import ("./index.js") : { default: typeof mod2; f(): Promise<void>; }
+>import ("./index.js") : Promise<{ default: typeof mod2; f(): Promise<void>; }>
+>"./index.js" : "./index.js"
+
+    h();
+>h() : Promise<void>
+>h : () => Promise<void>
+}
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import {h as _h} from "./index.js";
+>h : () => Promise<void>
+>_h : () => Promise<void>
+
+import mod = require("./index.js");
+>mod : typeof mod
+
+import {f} from "./subfolder/index.js";
+>f : () => Promise<void>
+
+import mod2 = require("./subfolder/index.js");
+>mod2 : typeof mod2
+
+export async function h() {
+>h : () => Promise<void>
+
+    const mod3 = await import ("./index.js");
+>mod3 : typeof mod
+>await import ("./index.js") : typeof mod
+>import ("./index.js") : Promise<typeof mod>
+>"./index.js" : "./index.js"
+
+    const mod4 = await import ("./subfolder/index.js");
+>mod4 : { default: typeof mod2; f(): Promise<void>; }
+>await import ("./subfolder/index.js") : { default: typeof mod2; f(): Promise<void>; }
+>import ("./subfolder/index.js") : Promise<{ default: typeof mod2; f(): Promise<void>; }>
+>"./subfolder/index.js" : "./subfolder/index.js"
+
+    f();
+>f() : Promise<void>
+>f : () => Promise<void>
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..00001d997b4d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts(2,11): error TS1309: The current file is a CommonJS module and cannot use 'await' at the top level.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts(4,5): error TS1309: The current file is a CommonJS module and cannot use 'await' at the top level.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts (2 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    const x = await 1;
+              ~~~~~
+!!! error TS1309: The current file is a CommonJS module and cannot use 'await' at the top level.
+    export {x};
+    for await (const y of []) {}
+        ~~~~~
+!!! error TS1309: The current file is a CommonJS module and cannot use 'await' at the top level.
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    const x = await 1;
+    export {x};
+    for await (const y of []) {}
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "type": "commonjs"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8d33777f0c4e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// cjs format file
+const x = await 1;
+export {x};
+for await (const y of []) {}
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+const x = await 1;
+export {x};
+for await (const y of []) {}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.x = void 0;
+// cjs format file
+const x = await 1;
+exports.x = x;
+for await (const y of []) { }
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+const x = await 1;
+export { x };
+for await (const y of []) { }
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+declare const x = 1;
+export { x };
+//// [index.d.ts]
+declare const x = 1;
+export { x };
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..624f09cb77334
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = await 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 2, 8))
+
+for await (const y of []) {}
+>y : Symbol(y, Decl(index.ts, 3, 16))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = await 1;
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 1, 5))
+
+export {x};
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(index.ts, 2, 8))
+
+for await (const y of []) {}
+>y : Symbol(y, Decl(index.ts, 3, 16))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ae8108f4020a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+const x = await 1;
+>x : 1
+>await 1 : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+for await (const y of []) {}
+>y : any
+>[] : undefined[]
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+const x = await 1;
+>x : 1
+>await 1 : 1
+>1 : 1
+
+export {x};
+>x : 1
+
+for await (const y of []) {}
+>y : any
+>[] : undefined[]
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait(module=nodenext).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait(module=nodenext).errors.txt
index 140c9f2c32cde..00001d997b4d2 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait(module=nodenext).errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait(module=nodenext).errors.txt
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts(2,11): error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
-tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts(4,5): error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts(2,11): error TS1309: The current file is a CommonJS module and cannot use 'await' at the top level.
+tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts(4,5): error TS1309: The current file is a CommonJS module and cannot use 'await' at the top level.
 
 
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/node/subfolder/index.ts (2 errors) ====
     // cjs format file
     const x = await 1;
               ~~~~~
-!!! error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+!!! error TS1309: The current file is a CommonJS module and cannot use 'await' at the top level.
     export {x};
     for await (const y of []) {}
         ~~~~~
-!!! error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+!!! error TS1309: The current file is a CommonJS module and cannot use 'await' at the top level.
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (0 errors) ====
     // esm format file
     const x = await 1;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..422ed137b0f21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit1.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": {
+        "import": "./import.js",
+        "require": "./require.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [import.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    interface ImportInterface {}
+}
+//// [require.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    interface RequireInterface {}
+}
+//// [index.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface {}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface {
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b3bd9d822f318
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface {}
+>LocalInterface : Symbol(LocalInterface, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 1, 16))
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : Symbol(global, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 10))
+
+    interface RequireInterface {}
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 1, 16))
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5309ca6f8bc1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit1(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+No type information for this code.export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface {}
+No type information for this code.=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : any
+
+    interface RequireInterface {}
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..19f87244dba60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit2.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": {
+        "import": "./import.js",
+        "require": "./require.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [import.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    interface ImportInterface {}
+}
+//// [require.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    interface RequireInterface {}
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [index.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+export interface LocalInterface extends ImportInterface {}
+
+//// [index.js]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+export {};
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+export interface LocalInterface extends ImportInterface {
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e21bf15306650
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+export interface LocalInterface extends ImportInterface {}
+>LocalInterface : Symbol(LocalInterface, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(import.d.ts, 1, 16))
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : Symbol(global, Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 10))
+
+    interface ImportInterface {}
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(import.d.ts, 1, 16))
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e6e97a84b46c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit2(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+No type information for this code.export interface LocalInterface extends ImportInterface {}
+No type information for this code.=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : any
+
+    interface ImportInterface {}
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit3(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit3(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..78d1f72c4b1dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit3(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit3.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": {
+        "import": "./import.js",
+        "require": "./require.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [import.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    interface ImportInterface {}
+}
+//// [require.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    interface RequireInterface {}
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [index.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require"/>
+export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface {}
+
+//// [index.js]
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require"/>
+export {};
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require"/>
+export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface {
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit3(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit3(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..da1b6a81fbbf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit3(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require"/>
+export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface {}
+>LocalInterface : Symbol(LocalInterface, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 1, 16))
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : Symbol(global, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 10))
+
+    interface RequireInterface {}
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 1, 16))
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit3(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit3(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..abc205f874244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit3(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require"/>
+No type information for this code.export interface LocalInterface extends RequireInterface {}
+No type information for this code.=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : any
+
+    interface RequireInterface {}
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit4(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit4(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9f2493f030a52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit4(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit4.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": {
+        "import": "./import.js",
+        "require": "./require.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [import.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    interface ImportInterface {}
+}
+//// [require.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    interface RequireInterface {}
+}
+//// [index.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import"/>
+export interface LocalInterface extends ImportInterface {}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import"/>
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import"/>
+export interface LocalInterface extends ImportInterface {
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit4(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit4(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..dcaf8d70169c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit4(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import"/>
+export interface LocalInterface extends ImportInterface {}
+>LocalInterface : Symbol(LocalInterface, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(import.d.ts, 1, 16))
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : Symbol(global, Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 10))
+
+    interface ImportInterface {}
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(import.d.ts, 1, 16))
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit4(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit4(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..62e354e99b15a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit4(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import"/>
+No type information for this code.export interface LocalInterface extends ImportInterface {}
+No type information for this code.=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : any
+
+    interface ImportInterface {}
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit5(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit5(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..63ad10a1141c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit5(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit5.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": {
+        "import": "./import.js",
+        "require": "./require.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [import.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    interface ImportInterface {}
+}
+//// [require.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    interface RequireInterface {}
+}
+//// [index.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import"/>
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require"/>
+export interface LocalInterface extends ImportInterface, RequireInterface {}
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import"/>
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require"/>
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import"/>
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+export interface LocalInterface extends ImportInterface, RequireInterface {
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit5(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit5(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6602737d542b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit5(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import"/>
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require"/>
+export interface LocalInterface extends ImportInterface, RequireInterface {}
+>LocalInterface : Symbol(LocalInterface, Decl(index.ts, 0, 0))
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(import.d.ts, 1, 16))
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 1, 16))
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : Symbol(global, Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 10))
+
+    interface ImportInterface {}
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(import.d.ts, 1, 16))
+}
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : Symbol(global, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 10))
+
+    interface RequireInterface {}
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 1, 16))
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit5(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit5(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1e3690c89f053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit5(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import"/>
+No type information for this code./// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require"/>
+No type information for this code.export interface LocalInterface extends ImportInterface, RequireInterface {}
+No type information for this code.=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : any
+
+    interface ImportInterface {}
+}
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : any
+
+    interface RequireInterface {}
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit6(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit6(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..34117c328c5e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit6(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit6.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": {
+        "import": "./import.js",
+        "require": "./require.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [import.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    interface ImportInterface {}
+    function getInterI(): ImportInterface;
+}
+//// [require.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    interface RequireInterface {}
+    function getInterR(): RequireInterface;
+}
+//// [uses.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+export default getInterR();
+//// [index.ts]
+import obj from "./uses.js"
+export default (obj as typeof obj);
+
+//// [uses.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+exports.default = getInterR();
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+var __importDefault = (this && this.__importDefault) || function (mod) {
+    return (mod && mod.__esModule) ? mod : { "default": mod };
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+const uses_js_1 = __importDefault(require("./uses.js"));
+exports.default = uses_js_1.default;
+
+
+//// [uses.d.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+declare const _default: RequireInterface;
+export default _default;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+declare const _default: RequireInterface;
+export default _default;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit6(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit6(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5aa8fccc15d55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit6(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+import obj from "./uses.js"
+>obj : Symbol(obj, Decl(index.ts, 0, 6))
+
+export default (obj as typeof obj);
+>obj : Symbol(obj, Decl(index.ts, 0, 6))
+>obj : Symbol(obj, Decl(index.ts, 0, 6))
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : Symbol(global, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 10))
+
+    interface RequireInterface {}
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 1, 16))
+
+    function getInterR(): RequireInterface;
+>getInterR : Symbol(getInterR, Decl(require.d.ts, 2, 33))
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 1, 16))
+}
+=== /uses.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+export default getInterR();
+>getInterR : Symbol(getInterR, Decl(require.d.ts, 2, 33))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit6(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit6(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8b46fbb9f54da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit6(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+import obj from "./uses.js"
+>obj : RequireInterface
+
+export default (obj as typeof obj);
+>(obj as typeof obj) : RequireInterface
+>obj as typeof obj : RequireInterface
+>obj : RequireInterface
+>obj : RequireInterface
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : typeof global
+
+    interface RequireInterface {}
+    function getInterR(): RequireInterface;
+>getInterR : () => RequireInterface
+}
+=== /uses.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+export default getInterR();
+>getInterR() : RequireInterface
+>getInterR : () => RequireInterface
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit7(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit7(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2426cb28b2597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit7(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit7.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": {
+        "import": "./import.js",
+        "require": "./require.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [import.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    interface ImportInterface { _i: any; }
+    function getInterI(): ImportInterface;
+}
+//// [require.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    interface RequireInterface { _r: any; }
+    function getInterR(): RequireInterface;
+}
+//// [uses.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+export default getInterI();
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [uses.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+export default getInterR();
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "commonjs"
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [index.ts]
+// only an esm file can `import` both kinds of files
+import obj1 from "./sub1/uses.js"
+import obj2 from "./sub2/uses.js"
+export default [obj1, obj2.default] as const;
+
+//// [uses.js]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+export default getInterI();
+//// [uses.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+exports.default = getInterR();
+//// [index.js]
+// only an esm file can `import` both kinds of files
+import obj1 from "./sub1/uses.js";
+import obj2 from "./sub2/uses.js";
+export default [obj1, obj2.default];
+
+
+//// [uses.d.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+declare const _default: ImportInterface;
+export default _default;
+//// [uses.d.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+declare const _default: RequireInterface;
+export default _default;
+//// [index.d.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require"/>
+declare const _default: readonly [ImportInterface, RequireInterface];
+export default _default;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit7(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit7(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8f29793a36251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit7(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+// only an esm file can `import` both kinds of files
+import obj1 from "./sub1/uses.js"
+>obj1 : Symbol(obj1, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+import obj2 from "./sub2/uses.js"
+>obj2 : Symbol(obj2, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+
+export default [obj1, obj2.default] as const;
+>obj1 : Symbol(obj1, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+>obj2.default : Symbol(obj2.default, Decl(uses.ts, 0, 0))
+>obj2 : Symbol(obj2, Decl(index.ts, 2, 6))
+>default : Symbol(obj2.default, Decl(uses.ts, 0, 0))
+>const : Symbol(const)
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : Symbol(global, Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 10))
+
+    interface ImportInterface { _i: any; }
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(import.d.ts, 1, 16))
+>_i : Symbol(ImportInterface._i, Decl(import.d.ts, 2, 31))
+
+    function getInterI(): ImportInterface;
+>getInterI : Symbol(getInterI, Decl(import.d.ts, 2, 42))
+>ImportInterface : Symbol(ImportInterface, Decl(import.d.ts, 1, 16))
+}
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : Symbol(global, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 10))
+
+    interface RequireInterface { _r: any; }
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 1, 16))
+>_r : Symbol(RequireInterface._r, Decl(require.d.ts, 2, 32))
+
+    function getInterR(): RequireInterface;
+>getInterR : Symbol(getInterR, Decl(require.d.ts, 2, 43))
+>RequireInterface : Symbol(RequireInterface, Decl(require.d.ts, 1, 16))
+}
+=== /sub1/uses.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+export default getInterI();
+>getInterI : Symbol(getInterI, Decl(import.d.ts, 2, 42))
+
+=== /sub2/uses.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+export default getInterR();
+>getInterR : Symbol(getInterR, Decl(require.d.ts, 2, 43))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit7(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit7(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..20edd715aea82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit7(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+// only an esm file can `import` both kinds of files
+import obj1 from "./sub1/uses.js"
+>obj1 : ImportInterface
+
+import obj2 from "./sub2/uses.js"
+>obj2 : typeof obj2
+
+export default [obj1, obj2.default] as const;
+>[obj1, obj2.default] as const : readonly [ImportInterface, RequireInterface]
+>[obj1, obj2.default] : readonly [ImportInterface, RequireInterface]
+>obj1 : ImportInterface
+>obj2.default : RequireInterface
+>obj2 : typeof obj2
+>default : RequireInterface
+
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : typeof global
+
+    interface ImportInterface { _i: any; }
+>_i : any
+
+    function getInterI(): ImportInterface;
+>getInterI : () => ImportInterface
+}
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : typeof global
+
+    interface RequireInterface { _r: any; }
+>_r : any
+
+    function getInterR(): RequireInterface;
+>getInterR : () => RequireInterface
+}
+=== /sub1/uses.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+export default getInterI();
+>getInterI() : ImportInterface
+>getInterI : () => ImportInterface
+
+=== /sub2/uses.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+export default getInterR();
+>getInterR() : RequireInterface
+>getInterR : () => RequireInterface
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride1(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride1(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c9a6ac79317f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride1(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/index.ts(2,1): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'foo'.
+
+
+==== /index.ts (1 errors) ====
+    /// <reference types="pkg" />
+    foo;
+    ~~~
+!!! error TS2304: Cannot find name 'foo'.
+    bar; // bar should resolve while foo should not, since index.js is cjs
+    export {};
+==== /node_modules/pkg/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "pkg",
+        "version": "0.0.1",
+        "exports": {
+            "import": "./import.js",
+            "require": "./require.js"
+        }
+    }
+==== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export {};
+    declare global {
+        var foo: number;
+    }
+==== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export {};
+    declare global {
+        var bar: number;
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride1(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride1(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..df6436da900a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride1(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride1.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": {
+        "import": "./import.js",
+        "require": "./require.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [import.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    var foo: number;
+}
+//// [require.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    var bar: number;
+}
+//// [index.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+foo;
+bar; // bar should resolve while foo should not, since index.js is cjs
+export {};
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+foo;
+bar; // bar should resolve while foo should not, since index.js is cjs
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride1(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride1(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..734168a97f36c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride1(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+foo;
+bar; // bar should resolve while foo should not, since index.js is cjs
+>bar : Symbol(bar, Decl(require.d.ts, 2, 7))
+
+export {};
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : Symbol(global, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 10))
+
+    var bar: number;
+>bar : Symbol(bar, Decl(require.d.ts, 2, 7))
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride1(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride1(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..992f05b18056e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride1(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+foo;
+>foo : any
+
+bar; // bar should resolve while foo should not, since index.js is cjs
+>bar : number
+
+export {};
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : typeof global
+
+    var bar: number;
+>bar : number
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride2(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride2(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..13991aa13538a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride2(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/index.ts(3,1): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'bar'.
+
+
+==== /index.ts (1 errors) ====
+    /// <reference types="pkg" />
+    foo; // foo should resolve while bar should not, since index.js is esm
+    bar;
+    ~~~
+!!! error TS2304: Cannot find name 'bar'.
+    export {};
+==== /node_modules/pkg/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "pkg",
+        "version": "0.0.1",
+        "exports": {
+            "import": "./import.js",
+            "require": "./require.js"
+        }
+    }
+==== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export {};
+    declare global {
+        var foo: number;
+    }
+==== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export {};
+    declare global {
+        var bar: number;
+    }
+==== /package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride2(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride2(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..aee176689b2d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride2(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride2.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": {
+        "import": "./import.js",
+        "require": "./require.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [import.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    var foo: number;
+}
+//// [require.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    var bar: number;
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [index.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+foo; // foo should resolve while bar should not, since index.js is esm
+bar;
+export {};
+
+//// [index.js]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+foo; // foo should resolve while bar should not, since index.js is esm
+bar;
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride2(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride2(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..babba09bdf8ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride2(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+foo; // foo should resolve while bar should not, since index.js is esm
+>foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(import.d.ts, 2, 7))
+
+bar;
+export {};
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : Symbol(global, Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 10))
+
+    var foo: number;
+>foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(import.d.ts, 2, 7))
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride2(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride2(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..baabb0362784c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride2(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+foo; // foo should resolve while bar should not, since index.js is esm
+>foo : number
+
+bar;
+>bar : any
+
+export {};
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : typeof global
+
+    var foo: number;
+>foo : number
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride3(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride3(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..477d247984d39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride3(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/index.ts(2,1): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'foo'.
+
+
+==== /index.ts (1 errors) ====
+    /// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require" />
+    foo;
+    ~~~
+!!! error TS2304: Cannot find name 'foo'.
+    bar; // bar should resolve while foo should not, since even though index.js is esm, the reference is cjs
+    export {};
+==== /node_modules/pkg/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "pkg",
+        "version": "0.0.1",
+        "exports": {
+            "import": "./import.js",
+            "require": "./require.js"
+        }
+    }
+==== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export {};
+    declare global {
+        var foo: number;
+    }
+==== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export {};
+    declare global {
+        var bar: number;
+    }
+==== /package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride3(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride3(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c6806f897de91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride3(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride3.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": {
+        "import": "./import.js",
+        "require": "./require.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [import.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    var foo: number;
+}
+//// [require.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    var bar: number;
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module"
+}
+//// [index.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require" />
+foo;
+bar; // bar should resolve while foo should not, since even though index.js is esm, the reference is cjs
+export {};
+
+//// [index.js]
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require" />
+foo;
+bar; // bar should resolve while foo should not, since even though index.js is esm, the reference is cjs
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride3(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride3(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..dd4f1ee4370b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride3(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require" />
+foo;
+bar; // bar should resolve while foo should not, since even though index.js is esm, the reference is cjs
+>bar : Symbol(bar, Decl(require.d.ts, 2, 7))
+
+export {};
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : Symbol(global, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 10))
+
+    var bar: number;
+>bar : Symbol(bar, Decl(require.d.ts, 2, 7))
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride3(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride3(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..296d29ee050ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride3(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require" />
+foo;
+>foo : any
+
+bar; // bar should resolve while foo should not, since even though index.js is esm, the reference is cjs
+>bar : number
+
+export {};
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : typeof global
+
+    var bar: number;
+>bar : number
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride4(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride4(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3d7f07f2775e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride4(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/index.ts(3,1): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'bar'.
+
+
+==== /index.ts (1 errors) ====
+    /// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import" />
+    foo; // foo should resolve while bar should not, since even though index.js is cjs, the refernce is esm
+    bar;
+    ~~~
+!!! error TS2304: Cannot find name 'bar'.
+    export {};
+==== /node_modules/pkg/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "pkg",
+        "version": "0.0.1",
+        "exports": {
+            "import": "./import.js",
+            "require": "./require.js"
+        }
+    }
+==== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export {};
+    declare global {
+        var foo: number;
+    }
+==== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export {};
+    declare global {
+        var bar: number;
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride4(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride4(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..74346916b2641
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride4(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride4.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": {
+        "import": "./import.js",
+        "require": "./require.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [import.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    var foo: number;
+}
+//// [require.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    var bar: number;
+}
+//// [index.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import" />
+foo; // foo should resolve while bar should not, since even though index.js is cjs, the refernce is esm
+bar;
+export {};
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import" />
+foo; // foo should resolve while bar should not, since even though index.js is cjs, the refernce is esm
+bar;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride4(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride4(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c6420dbbea76d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride4(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import" />
+foo; // foo should resolve while bar should not, since even though index.js is cjs, the refernce is esm
+>foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(import.d.ts, 2, 7))
+
+bar;
+export {};
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : Symbol(global, Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 10))
+
+    var foo: number;
+>foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(import.d.ts, 2, 7))
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride4(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride4(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..eb9b906744a00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride4(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import" />
+foo; // foo should resolve while bar should not, since even though index.js is cjs, the refernce is esm
+>foo : number
+
+bar;
+>bar : any
+
+export {};
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : typeof global
+
+    var foo: number;
+>foo : number
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride5(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride5(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0c37dc00e4deb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride5(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride5.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": {
+        "import": "./import.js",
+        "require": "./require.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [import.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    var foo: number;
+}
+//// [require.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    var bar: number;
+}
+//// [index.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import" />
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require" />
+// Both `foo` and `bar` should resolve, as _both_ entrypoints are included by the two
+// references above.
+foo;
+bar;
+export {};
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import" />
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require" />
+// Both `foo` and `bar` should resolve, as _both_ entrypoints are included by the two
+// references above.
+foo;
+bar;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride5(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride5(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0dc4119ca9793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride5(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import" />
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require" />
+// Both `foo` and `bar` should resolve, as _both_ entrypoints are included by the two
+// references above.
+foo;
+>foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(import.d.ts, 2, 7))
+
+bar;
+>bar : Symbol(bar, Decl(require.d.ts, 2, 7))
+
+export {};
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : Symbol(global, Decl(import.d.ts, 0, 10))
+
+    var foo: number;
+>foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(import.d.ts, 2, 7))
+}
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : Symbol(global, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 10))
+
+    var bar: number;
+>bar : Symbol(bar, Decl(require.d.ts, 2, 7))
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride5(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride5(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..047cef77a4906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride5(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import" />
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require" />
+// Both `foo` and `bar` should resolve, as _both_ entrypoints are included by the two
+// references above.
+foo;
+>foo : number
+
+bar;
+>bar : number
+
+export {};
+=== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : typeof global
+
+    var foo: number;
+>foo : number
+}
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : typeof global
+
+    var bar: number;
+>bar : number
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideModeError(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideModeError(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..68be0baf51514
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideModeError(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/index.ts(1,23): error TS1453: `resolution-mode` should be either `require` or `import`.
+/index.ts(2,1): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'foo'.
+
+
+==== /index.ts (2 errors) ====
+    /// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="esm"/>
+                          ~~~
+!!! error TS1453: `resolution-mode` should be either `require` or `import`.
+    foo; // bad resolution mode, which resolves is arbitrary
+    ~~~
+!!! error TS2304: Cannot find name 'foo'.
+    bar;
+    export {};
+==== /node_modules/pkg/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "pkg",
+        "version": "0.0.1",
+        "exports": {
+            "import": "./import.js",
+            "require": "./require.js"
+        }
+    }
+==== /node_modules/pkg/import.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export {};
+    declare global {
+        var foo: number;
+    }
+==== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export {};
+    declare global {
+        var bar: number;
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideModeError(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideModeError(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..09540ae8aba4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideModeError(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideModeError.ts] ////
+
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "version": "0.0.1",
+    "exports": {
+        "import": "./import.js",
+        "require": "./require.js"
+    }
+}
+//// [import.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    var foo: number;
+}
+//// [require.d.ts]
+export {};
+declare global {
+    var bar: number;
+}
+//// [index.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="esm"/>
+foo; // bad resolution mode, which resolves is arbitrary
+bar;
+export {};
+
+//// [index.js]
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="esm"/>
+foo; // bad resolution mode, which resolves is arbitrary
+bar;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideModeError(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideModeError(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0b19a6c5440f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideModeError(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="esm"/>
+foo; // bad resolution mode, which resolves is arbitrary
+bar;
+>bar : Symbol(bar, Decl(require.d.ts, 2, 7))
+
+export {};
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : Symbol(global, Decl(require.d.ts, 0, 10))
+
+    var bar: number;
+>bar : Symbol(bar, Decl(require.d.ts, 2, 7))
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideModeError(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideModeError(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4f97b44ffc8f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideModeError(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+=== /index.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="esm"/>
+foo; // bad resolution mode, which resolves is arbitrary
+>foo : any
+
+bar;
+>bar : number
+
+export {};
+=== /node_modules/pkg/require.d.ts ===
+export {};
+declare global {
+>global : typeof global
+
+    var bar: number;
+>bar : number
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideOldResolutionError.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideOldResolutionError.errors.txt
index ee262510ffd60..05f937c37aded 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideOldResolutionError.errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideOldResolutionError.errors.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-/index.ts(1,23): error TS1452: Resolution modes are only supported when `moduleResolution` is `node12` or `nodenext`.
+/index.ts(1,23): error TS1452: Resolution modes are only supported when `moduleResolution` is `node16` or `nodenext`.
 /index.ts(1,23): error TS2688: Cannot find type definition file for 'pkg'.
-/index.ts(2,23): error TS1452: Resolution modes are only supported when `moduleResolution` is `node12` or `nodenext`.
+/index.ts(2,23): error TS1452: Resolution modes are only supported when `moduleResolution` is `node16` or `nodenext`.
 /index.ts(2,23): error TS2688: Cannot find type definition file for 'pkg'.
 /index.ts(3,1): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'foo'.
 /index.ts(4,1): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'bar'.
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@
 ==== /index.ts (6 errors) ====
     /// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="require" />
                           ~~~
-!!! error TS1452: Resolution modes are only supported when `moduleResolution` is `node12` or `nodenext`.
+!!! error TS1452: Resolution modes are only supported when `moduleResolution` is `node16` or `nodenext`.
                           ~~~
 !!! error TS2688: Cannot find type definition file for 'pkg'.
     /// <reference types="pkg" resolution-mode="import" />
                           ~~~
-!!! error TS1452: Resolution modes are only supported when `moduleResolution` is `node12` or `nodenext`.
+!!! error TS1452: Resolution modes are only supported when `moduleResolution` is `node16` or `nodenext`.
                           ~~~
 !!! error TS2688: Cannot find type definition file for 'pkg'.
     foo; // `resolution-mode` is an error in old resolution settings, which resolves is arbitrary
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTypesVersionPackageExports(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTypesVersionPackageExports(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1553828a6ae5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTypesVersionPackageExports(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTypesVersionPackageExports.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import * as mod from "inner";
+mod.correctVersionApplied;
+
+//// [index.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as mod from "inner";
+mod.correctVersionApplied;
+
+//// [index.cts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as mod from "inner";
+mod.correctVersionApplied;
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+// cjs format file
+export const noConditionsApplied = true;
+//// [index.d.mts]
+// esm format file
+export const importConditionApplied = true;
+//// [index.d.cts]
+// cjs format file
+export const wrongConditionApplied = true;
+//// [old-types.d.ts]
+export const noVersionApplied = true;
+//// [new-types.d.ts]
+export const correctVersionApplied = true;
+//// [future-types.d.ts]
+export const futureVersionApplied = true;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+}
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "inner",
+    "private": true,
+    "exports": {
+        ".": {
+            "types@>=10000": "./future-types.d.ts",
+            "types@>=1": "./new-types.d.ts",
+            "types": "./old-types.d.ts",
+            "import": "./index.mjs",
+            "node": "./index.js"
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as mod from "inner";
+mod.correctVersionApplied;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as mod from "inner";
+mod.correctVersionApplied;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// cjs format file
+const mod = __importStar(require("inner"));
+mod.correctVersionApplied;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTypesVersionPackageExports(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTypesVersionPackageExports(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..19b9d0e40d993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTypesVersionPackageExports(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as mod from "inner";
+>mod : Symbol(mod, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+mod.correctVersionApplied;
+>mod.correctVersionApplied : Symbol(correctVersionApplied, Decl(new-types.d.ts, 0, 12))
+>mod : Symbol(mod, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+>correctVersionApplied : Symbol(correctVersionApplied, Decl(new-types.d.ts, 0, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as mod from "inner";
+>mod : Symbol(mod, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+mod.correctVersionApplied;
+>mod.correctVersionApplied : Symbol(correctVersionApplied, Decl(new-types.d.ts, 0, 12))
+>mod : Symbol(mod, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+>correctVersionApplied : Symbol(correctVersionApplied, Decl(new-types.d.ts, 0, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as mod from "inner";
+>mod : Symbol(mod, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+mod.correctVersionApplied;
+>mod.correctVersionApplied : Symbol(mod.correctVersionApplied, Decl(new-types.d.ts, 0, 12))
+>mod : Symbol(mod, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+>correctVersionApplied : Symbol(mod.correctVersionApplied, Decl(new-types.d.ts, 0, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+export const noConditionsApplied = true;
+>noConditionsApplied : Symbol(noConditionsApplied, Decl(index.d.ts, 1, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+export const importConditionApplied = true;
+>importConditionApplied : Symbol(importConditionApplied, Decl(index.d.mts, 1, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+export const wrongConditionApplied = true;
+>wrongConditionApplied : Symbol(wrongConditionApplied, Decl(index.d.cts, 1, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/old-types.d.ts ===
+export const noVersionApplied = true;
+>noVersionApplied : Symbol(noVersionApplied, Decl(old-types.d.ts, 0, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/new-types.d.ts ===
+export const correctVersionApplied = true;
+>correctVersionApplied : Symbol(correctVersionApplied, Decl(new-types.d.ts, 0, 12))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/future-types.d.ts ===
+export const futureVersionApplied = true;
+>futureVersionApplied : Symbol(futureVersionApplied, Decl(future-types.d.ts, 0, 12))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTypesVersionPackageExports(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTypesVersionPackageExports(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..fe286fd667465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeModulesTypesVersionPackageExports(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as mod from "inner";
+>mod : typeof mod
+
+mod.correctVersionApplied;
+>mod.correctVersionApplied : true
+>mod : typeof mod
+>correctVersionApplied : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as mod from "inner";
+>mod : typeof mod
+
+mod.correctVersionApplied;
+>mod.correctVersionApplied : true
+>mod : typeof mod
+>correctVersionApplied : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as mod from "inner";
+>mod : typeof mod
+
+mod.correctVersionApplied;
+>mod.correctVersionApplied : true
+>mod : typeof mod
+>correctVersionApplied : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.ts ===
+// cjs format file
+export const noConditionsApplied = true;
+>noConditionsApplied : true
+>true : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.mts ===
+// esm format file
+export const importConditionApplied = true;
+>importConditionApplied : true
+>true : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/index.d.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+export const wrongConditionApplied = true;
+>wrongConditionApplied : true
+>true : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/old-types.d.ts ===
+export const noVersionApplied = true;
+>noVersionApplied : true
+>true : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/new-types.d.ts ===
+export const correctVersionApplied = true;
+>correctVersionApplied : true
+>true : true
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/node_modules/inner/future-types.d.ts ===
+export const futureVersionApplied = true;
+>futureVersionApplied : true
+>true : true
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeNextImportModeImplicitIndexResolution.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeNextImportModeImplicitIndexResolution.errors.txt
index cf759f6040d06..20f2430229a58 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/nodeNextImportModeImplicitIndexResolution.errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodeNextImportModeImplicitIndexResolution.errors.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-tests/cases/compiler/index.ts(2,31): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
-tests/cases/compiler/index.ts(3,31): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/compiler/index.ts(2,31): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+tests/cases/compiler/index.ts(3,31): error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
 
 
 ==== tests/cases/compiler/node_modules/pkg/package.json (0 errors) ====
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ tests/cases/compiler/index.ts(3,31): error TS2834: Relative import paths need ex
     import { item } from "pkg"; // should work (`index.js` is assumed to be the entrypoint for packages found via nonrelative import)
     import { item as item2 } from "./pkg";  // shouldn't work (`index.js` is _not_ assumed to be the entrypoint for packages found via relative import)
                                   ~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     import { item as item3 } from "./node_modules/pkg" // _even if they're in a node_modules folder_
                                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node12' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
+!!! error TS2834: Relative import paths need explicit file extensions in EcmaScript imports when '--moduleResolution' is 'node16' or 'nodenext'. Consider adding an extension to the import path.
     
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfName(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfName(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c1573b8f51dd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfName(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(2,23): error TS1471: Module 'package' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as self from "package";
+    self;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as self from "package";
+    self;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts (1 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as self from "package";
+                          ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module 'package' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    self;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": "./index.js"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfName(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfName(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7061f58c6bb04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfName(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodePackageSelfName.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+self;
+//// [index.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+self;
+//// [index.cts]
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+self;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": "./index.js"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+self;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+self;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// esm format file
+const self = __importStar(require("package"));
+self;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfName(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfName(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..44b9566b90c93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfName(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+>self : Symbol(self, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+self;
+>self : Symbol(self, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+>self : Symbol(self, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+self;
+>self : Symbol(self, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+>self : Symbol(self, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+self;
+>self : Symbol(self, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfName(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfName(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b41eef255ab89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfName(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+>self : typeof self
+
+self;
+>self : typeof self
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+>self : typeof self
+
+self;
+>self : typeof self
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "package";
+>self : typeof self
+
+self;
+>self : typeof self
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfNameScoped(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfNameScoped(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b2a9f313de779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfNameScoped(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts(2,23): error TS1471: Module '@scope/package' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as self from "@scope/package";
+    self;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts (0 errors) ====
+    // esm format file
+    import * as self from "@scope/package";
+    self;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts (1 errors) ====
+    // cjs format file
+    import * as self from "@scope/package";
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1471: Module '@scope/package' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
+    self;
+==== tests/cases/conformance/node/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "@scope/package",
+        "private": true,
+        "type": "module",
+        "exports": "./index.js"
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfNameScoped(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfNameScoped(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8738c8041a9b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfNameScoped(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/node/nodePackageSelfNameScoped.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.ts]
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "@scope/package";
+self;
+//// [index.mts]
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "@scope/package";
+self;
+//// [index.cts]
+// cjs format file
+import * as self from "@scope/package";
+self;
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "@scope/package",
+    "private": true,
+    "type": "module",
+    "exports": "./index.js"
+}
+
+//// [index.js]
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "@scope/package";
+self;
+//// [index.mjs]
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "@scope/package";
+self;
+//// [index.cjs]
+"use strict";
+var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
+}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
+    if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
+    o[k2] = m[k];
+}));
+var __setModuleDefault = (this && this.__setModuleDefault) || (Object.create ? (function(o, v) {
+    Object.defineProperty(o, "default", { enumerable: true, value: v });
+}) : function(o, v) {
+    o["default"] = v;
+});
+var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || function (mod) {
+    if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
+    var result = {};
+    if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== "default" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);
+    __setModuleDefault(result, mod);
+    return result;
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// cjs format file
+const self = __importStar(require("@scope/package"));
+self;
+
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.mts]
+export {};
+//// [index.d.cts]
+export {};
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfNameScoped(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfNameScoped(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e54b0cb667ac3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfNameScoped(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "@scope/package";
+>self : Symbol(self, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+self;
+>self : Symbol(self, Decl(index.ts, 1, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "@scope/package";
+>self : Symbol(self, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+self;
+>self : Symbol(self, Decl(index.mts, 1, 6))
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as self from "@scope/package";
+>self : Symbol(self, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
+self;
+>self : Symbol(self, Decl(index.cts, 1, 6))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfNameScoped(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfNameScoped(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3e5c141f63f4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/nodePackageSelfNameScoped(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.ts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "@scope/package";
+>self : typeof self
+
+self;
+>self : typeof self
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.mts ===
+// esm format file
+import * as self from "@scope/package";
+>self : typeof self
+
+self;
+>self : typeof self
+
+=== tests/cases/conformance/node/index.cts ===
+// cjs format file
+import * as self from "@scope/package";
+>self : typeof self
+
+self;
+>self : typeof self
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/parser.forAwait.es2018.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/parser.forAwait.es2018.errors.txt
index 1f1f9de097352..4627a2b674a2a 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/parser.forAwait.es2018.errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/parser.forAwait.es2018.errors.txt
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ tests/cases/conformance/parser/ecmascript2018/forAwait/inFunctionDeclWithExprIsE
 tests/cases/conformance/parser/ecmascript2018/forAwait/inGeneratorWithDeclIsError.ts(3,9): error TS1103: 'for await' loops are only allowed within async functions and at the top levels of modules.
 tests/cases/conformance/parser/ecmascript2018/forAwait/inGeneratorWithExprIsError.ts(3,9): error TS1103: 'for await' loops are only allowed within async functions and at the top levels of modules.
 tests/cases/conformance/parser/ecmascript2018/forAwait/topLevelWithDeclIsError.ts(1,5): error TS1431: 'for await' loops are only allowed at the top level of a file when that file is a module, but this file has no imports or exports. Consider adding an empty 'export {}' to make this file a module.
-tests/cases/conformance/parser/ecmascript2018/forAwait/topLevelWithDeclIsError.ts(1,5): error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+tests/cases/conformance/parser/ecmascript2018/forAwait/topLevelWithDeclIsError.ts(1,5): error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
 tests/cases/conformance/parser/ecmascript2018/forAwait/topLevelWithDeclIsError.ts(1,23): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'y'.
 tests/cases/conformance/parser/ecmascript2018/forAwait/topLevelWithExprIsError.ts(1,5): error TS1431: 'for await' loops are only allowed at the top level of a file when that file is a module, but this file has no imports or exports. Consider adding an empty 'export {}' to make this file a module.
-tests/cases/conformance/parser/ecmascript2018/forAwait/topLevelWithExprIsError.ts(1,5): error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+tests/cases/conformance/parser/ecmascript2018/forAwait/topLevelWithExprIsError.ts(1,5): error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
 tests/cases/conformance/parser/ecmascript2018/forAwait/topLevelWithExprIsError.ts(1,12): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'x'.
 tests/cases/conformance/parser/ecmascript2018/forAwait/topLevelWithExprIsError.ts(1,17): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'y'.
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ tests/cases/conformance/parser/ecmascript2018/forAwait/topLevelWithExprIsError.t
         ~~~~~
 !!! error TS1431: 'for await' loops are only allowed at the top level of a file when that file is a module, but this file has no imports or exports. Consider adding an empty 'export {}' to make this file a module.
         ~~~~~
-!!! error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+!!! error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
                           ~
 !!! error TS2304: Cannot find name 'y'.
     }
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ tests/cases/conformance/parser/ecmascript2018/forAwait/topLevelWithExprIsError.t
         ~~~~~
 !!! error TS1431: 'for await' loops are only allowed at the top level of a file when that file is a module, but this file has no imports or exports. Consider adding an empty 'export {}' to make this file a module.
         ~~~~~
-!!! error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+!!! error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
                ~
 !!! error TS2304: Cannot find name 'x'.
                     ~
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/topLevelAwait.1(module=es2022,target=es2015).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/topLevelAwait.1(module=es2022,target=es2015).errors.txt
index 1c56871bbd5cb..b272ba8a8c658 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/topLevelAwait.1(module=es2022,target=es2015).errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/topLevelAwait.1(module=es2022,target=es2015).errors.txt
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/index.ts(2,1): error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
-tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/index.ts(46,3): error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
-tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/other.ts(9,5): error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/index.ts(2,1): error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/index.ts(46,3): error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/other.ts(9,5): error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
 
 
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/index.ts (2 errors) ====
     export const x = 1;
     await x;
     ~~~~~
-!!! error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+!!! error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
     
     // reparse element access as await
     await [x];
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/other.ts(9,5): error TS1432: Top-level '
     declare const dec: any;
     @(await dec)
       ~~~~~
-!!! error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+!!! error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
     class C {
     }
     
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/other.ts(9,5): error TS1432: Top-level '
     
     for await (const item of arr) {
         ~~~~~
-!!! error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+!!! error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
       item;
     }
     
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/topLevelAwait.1(module=esnext,target=es2015).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/topLevelAwait.1(module=esnext,target=es2015).errors.txt
index 1c56871bbd5cb..b272ba8a8c658 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/topLevelAwait.1(module=esnext,target=es2015).errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/topLevelAwait.1(module=esnext,target=es2015).errors.txt
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/index.ts(2,1): error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
-tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/index.ts(46,3): error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
-tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/other.ts(9,5): error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/index.ts(2,1): error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/index.ts(46,3): error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/other.ts(9,5): error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
 
 
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/index.ts (2 errors) ====
     export const x = 1;
     await x;
     ~~~~~
-!!! error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+!!! error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
     
     // reparse element access as await
     await [x];
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/other.ts(9,5): error TS1432: Top-level '
     declare const dec: any;
     @(await dec)
       ~~~~~
-!!! error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+!!! error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
     class C {
     }
     
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/other.ts(9,5): error TS1432: Top-level '
     
     for await (const item of arr) {
         ~~~~~
-!!! error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+!!! error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
       item;
     }
     
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/topLevelAwait.1(module=system,target=es2015).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/topLevelAwait.1(module=system,target=es2015).errors.txt
index 1c56871bbd5cb..b272ba8a8c658 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/topLevelAwait.1(module=system,target=es2015).errors.txt
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/topLevelAwait.1(module=system,target=es2015).errors.txt
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/index.ts(2,1): error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
-tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/index.ts(46,3): error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
-tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/other.ts(9,5): error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/index.ts(2,1): error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/index.ts(46,3): error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/other.ts(9,5): error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
 
 
 ==== tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/index.ts (2 errors) ====
     export const x = 1;
     await x;
     ~~~~~
-!!! error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+!!! error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
     
     // reparse element access as await
     await [x];
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/other.ts(9,5): error TS1432: Top-level '
     declare const dec: any;
     @(await dec)
       ~~~~~
-!!! error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+!!! error TS1378: Top-level 'await' expressions are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
     class C {
     }
     
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/other.ts(9,5): error TS1432: Top-level '
     
     for await (const item of arr) {
         ~~~~~
-!!! error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
+!!! error TS1432: Top-level 'for await' loops are only allowed when the 'module' option is set to 'es2022', 'esnext', 'system', 'node16', or 'nodenext', and the 'target' option is set to 'es2017' or higher.
       item;
     }
     
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/transpile/Report an error when compiler-options module-kind is out-of-range.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/transpile/Report an error when compiler-options module-kind is out-of-range.errors.txt
index 0fecbd4a91647..d00a14233de50 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/transpile/Report an error when compiler-options module-kind is out-of-range.errors.txt	
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/transpile/Report an error when compiler-options module-kind is out-of-range.errors.txt	
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-error TS6046: Argument for '--module' option must be: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6', 'es2015', 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'node12', 'nodenext'.
+error TS6046: Argument for '--module' option must be: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6', 'es2015', 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'node16', 'nodenext'.
 
 
-!!! error TS6046: Argument for '--module' option must be: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6', 'es2015', 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'node12', 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS6046: Argument for '--module' option must be: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6', 'es2015', 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'node16', 'nodenext'.
 ==== file.ts (0 errors) ====
     
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/transpile/Report an error when compiler-options module-kind is out-of-range.oldTranspile.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/transpile/Report an error when compiler-options module-kind is out-of-range.oldTranspile.errors.txt
index 0fecbd4a91647..d00a14233de50 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/transpile/Report an error when compiler-options module-kind is out-of-range.oldTranspile.errors.txt	
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/transpile/Report an error when compiler-options module-kind is out-of-range.oldTranspile.errors.txt	
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-error TS6046: Argument for '--module' option must be: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6', 'es2015', 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'node12', 'nodenext'.
+error TS6046: Argument for '--module' option must be: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6', 'es2015', 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'node16', 'nodenext'.
 
 
-!!! error TS6046: Argument for '--module' option must be: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6', 'es2015', 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'node12', 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS6046: Argument for '--module' option must be: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6', 'es2015', 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'node16', 'nodenext'.
 ==== file.ts (0 errors) ====
     
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/transpile/Report an error when compiler-options target-script is out-of-range.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/transpile/Report an error when compiler-options target-script is out-of-range.errors.txt
index 0fecbd4a91647..d00a14233de50 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/transpile/Report an error when compiler-options target-script is out-of-range.errors.txt	
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/transpile/Report an error when compiler-options target-script is out-of-range.errors.txt	
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-error TS6046: Argument for '--module' option must be: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6', 'es2015', 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'node12', 'nodenext'.
+error TS6046: Argument for '--module' option must be: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6', 'es2015', 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'node16', 'nodenext'.
 
 
-!!! error TS6046: Argument for '--module' option must be: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6', 'es2015', 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'node12', 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS6046: Argument for '--module' option must be: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6', 'es2015', 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'node16', 'nodenext'.
 ==== file.ts (0 errors) ====
     
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/transpile/Report an error when compiler-options target-script is out-of-range.oldTranspile.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/transpile/Report an error when compiler-options target-script is out-of-range.oldTranspile.errors.txt
index 0fecbd4a91647..d00a14233de50 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/transpile/Report an error when compiler-options target-script is out-of-range.oldTranspile.errors.txt	
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/transpile/Report an error when compiler-options target-script is out-of-range.oldTranspile.errors.txt	
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-error TS6046: Argument for '--module' option must be: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6', 'es2015', 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'node12', 'nodenext'.
+error TS6046: Argument for '--module' option must be: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6', 'es2015', 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'node16', 'nodenext'.
 
 
-!!! error TS6046: Argument for '--module' option must be: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6', 'es2015', 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'node12', 'nodenext'.
+!!! error TS6046: Argument for '--module' option must be: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6', 'es2015', 'es2020', 'es2022', 'esnext', 'node16', 'nodenext'.
 ==== file.ts (0 errors) ====
     
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/tripleSlashTypesReferenceWithMissingExports(module=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/tripleSlashTypesReferenceWithMissingExports(module=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..179a40218dc53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/tripleSlashTypesReferenceWithMissingExports(module=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+tests/cases/compiler/usage.ts(1,23): error TS2688: Cannot find type definition file for 'pkg'.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/compiler/node_modules/pkg/index.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    interface GlobalThing { a: number }
+==== tests/cases/compiler/node_modules/pkg/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {
+        "name": "pkg",
+        "types": "index.d.ts",
+        "exports": "some-other-thing.js"
+    }
+==== tests/cases/compiler/usage.ts (1 errors) ====
+    /// <reference types="pkg" />
+                          ~~~
+!!! error TS2688: Cannot find type definition file for 'pkg'.
+    
+    const a: GlobalThing = { a: 0 };
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/tripleSlashTypesReferenceWithMissingExports(module=node16).js b/tests/baselines/reference/tripleSlashTypesReferenceWithMissingExports(module=node16).js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..89dd2c7541a29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/tripleSlashTypesReferenceWithMissingExports(module=node16).js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/tripleSlashTypesReferenceWithMissingExports.ts] ////
+
+//// [index.d.ts]
+interface GlobalThing { a: number }
+//// [package.json]
+{
+    "name": "pkg",
+    "types": "index.d.ts",
+    "exports": "some-other-thing.js"
+}
+//// [usage.ts]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+
+const a: GlobalThing = { a: 0 };
+
+//// [usage.js]
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+const a = { a: 0 };
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/tripleSlashTypesReferenceWithMissingExports(module=node16).symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/tripleSlashTypesReferenceWithMissingExports(module=node16).symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b97c41025fe42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/tripleSlashTypesReferenceWithMissingExports(module=node16).symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+=== tests/cases/compiler/node_modules/pkg/index.d.ts ===
+interface GlobalThing { a: number }
+>GlobalThing : Symbol(GlobalThing, Decl(index.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>a : Symbol(GlobalThing.a, Decl(index.d.ts, 0, 23))
+
+=== tests/cases/compiler/usage.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+
+const a: GlobalThing = { a: 0 };
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(usage.ts, 2, 5))
+>GlobalThing : Symbol(GlobalThing, Decl(index.d.ts, 0, 0))
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(usage.ts, 2, 24))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/tripleSlashTypesReferenceWithMissingExports(module=node16).types b/tests/baselines/reference/tripleSlashTypesReferenceWithMissingExports(module=node16).types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b107f91dcb264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/tripleSlashTypesReferenceWithMissingExports(module=node16).types
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+=== tests/cases/compiler/node_modules/pkg/index.d.ts ===
+interface GlobalThing { a: number }
+>a : number
+
+=== tests/cases/compiler/usage.ts ===
+/// <reference types="pkg" />
+
+const a: GlobalThing = { a: 0 };
+>a : GlobalThing
+>{ a: 0 } : { a: number; }
+>a : number
+>0 : 0
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/tsbuild/moduleSpecifiers/synthesized-module-specifiers-across-projects-resolve-correctly.js b/tests/baselines/reference/tsbuild/moduleSpecifiers/synthesized-module-specifiers-across-projects-resolve-correctly.js
index c8c48ac9ca7e8..fad710005a019 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/tsbuild/moduleSpecifiers/synthesized-module-specifiers-across-projects-resolve-correctly.js
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/tsbuild/moduleSpecifiers/synthesized-module-specifiers-across-projects-resolve-correctly.js
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ export * from './dogconfig.js';
 {
     "compilerOptions": {
         "declaration": true,
-        "module": "node12"
+        "module": "node16"
     }
 }
 
@@ -134,296 +134,33 @@ Output::
 
 [12:00:26 AM] Building project '/src/src-types/tsconfig.json'...
 
-[12:00:33 AM] Project 'src/src-dogs/tsconfig.json' is out of date because output file 'src/src-dogs/dog.js' does not exist
+error TS6053: File '/lib/lib.es2022.full.d.ts' not found.
+  The file is in the program because:
+    Default library for target 'es2022'
 
-[12:00:34 AM] Building project '/src/src-dogs/tsconfig.json'...
-
-exitCode:: ExitStatus.Success
-
-
-//// [/src/src-dogs/dog.d.ts]
-import { DogConfig } from 'src-types';
-export declare abstract class Dog {
-    static getCapabilities(): DogConfig;
-}
-
-
-//// [/src/src-dogs/dog.js]
-import { DOG_CONFIG } from './dogconfig.js';
-export class Dog {
-    static getCapabilities() {
-        return DOG_CONFIG;
-    }
-}
-
-
-//// [/src/src-dogs/dogconfig.d.ts]
-import { DogConfig } from 'src-types';
-export declare const DOG_CONFIG: DogConfig;
-
-
-//// [/src/src-dogs/dogconfig.js]
-export const DOG_CONFIG = {
-    name: 'Default dog',
-};
-
-
-//// [/src/src-dogs/index.d.ts]
-export * from 'src-types';
-export * from './lassie/lassiedog.js';
-
-
-//// [/src/src-dogs/index.js]
-export * from 'src-types';
-export * from './lassie/lassiedog.js';
-
-
-//// [/src/src-dogs/lassie/lassieconfig.d.ts]
-import { DogConfig } from 'src-types';
-export declare const LASSIE_CONFIG: DogConfig;
-
-
-//// [/src/src-dogs/lassie/lassieconfig.js]
-export const LASSIE_CONFIG = { name: 'Lassie' };
-
-
-//// [/src/src-dogs/lassie/lassiedog.d.ts]
-import { Dog } from '../dog.js';
-export declare class LassieDog extends Dog {
-    protected static getDogConfig: () => import("../index.js").DogConfig;
-}
-
-
-//// [/src/src-dogs/lassie/lassiedog.js]
-import { Dog } from '../dog.js';
-import { LASSIE_CONFIG } from './lassieconfig.js';
-export class LassieDog extends Dog {
-}
-LassieDog.getDogConfig = () => LASSIE_CONFIG;
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'Array'.
 
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'Boolean'.
 
-//// [/src/src-dogs/tsconfig.tsbuildinfo]
-{"program":{"fileNames":["../../lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts","../src-types/dogconfig.d.ts","../src-types/index.d.ts","./dogconfig.ts","./dog.ts","./lassie/lassieconfig.ts","./lassie/lassiedog.ts","./index.ts"],"fileInfos":[{"version":"-7698705165-/// <reference no-default-lib=\"true\"/>\ninterface Boolean {}\ninterface Function {}\ninterface CallableFunction {}\ninterface NewableFunction {}\ninterface IArguments {}\ninterface Number { toExponential: any; }\ninterface Object {}\ninterface RegExp {}\ninterface String { charAt: any; }\ninterface Array<T> { length: number; [n: number]: T; }","affectsGlobalScope":true,"impliedFormat":1},{"version":"-2632060142-export interface DogConfig {\r\n    name: string;\r\n}\r\n","impliedFormat":99},{"version":"-5608794531-export * from './dogconfig.js';\r\n","impliedFormat":99},{"version":"1966273863-import { DogConfig } from 'src-types';\n\nexport const DOG_CONFIG: DogConfig = {\n    name: 'Default dog',\n};\n","signature":"17588480778-import { DogConfig } from 'src-types';\r\nexport declare const DOG_CONFIG: DogConfig;\r\n","impliedFormat":99},{"version":"6091345804-import { DogConfig } from 'src-types';\nimport { DOG_CONFIG } from './dogconfig.js';\n\nexport abstract class Dog {\n\n    public static getCapabilities(): DogConfig {\n        return DOG_CONFIG;\n    }\n}\n","signature":"22128633249-import { DogConfig } from 'src-types';\r\nexport declare abstract class Dog {\r\n    static getCapabilities(): DogConfig;\r\n}\r\n","impliedFormat":99},{"version":"4440579024-import { DogConfig } from 'src-types';\n\nexport const LASSIE_CONFIG: DogConfig = { name: 'Lassie' };\n","signature":"8131483665-import { DogConfig } from 'src-types';\r\nexport declare const LASSIE_CONFIG: DogConfig;\r\n","impliedFormat":99},{"version":"-32303727812-import { Dog } from '../dog.js';\nimport { LASSIE_CONFIG } from './lassieconfig.js';\n\nexport class LassieDog extends Dog {\n    protected static getDogConfig = () => LASSIE_CONFIG;\n}\n","signature":"-20244062422-import { Dog } from '../dog.js';\r\nexport declare class LassieDog extends Dog {\r\n    protected static getDogConfig: () => import(\"../index.js\").DogConfig;\r\n}\r\n","impliedFormat":99},{"version":"-15974991320-export * from 'src-types';\nexport * from './lassie/lassiedog.js';\n","signature":"-16783836862-export * from 'src-types';\r\nexport * from './lassie/lassiedog.js';\r\n","impliedFormat":99}],"options":{"composite":true,"declaration":true,"module":100},"fileIdsList":[[3,4],[3],[3,7],[5,6],[2],[5,8]],"referencedMap":[[5,1],[4,2],[8,3],[6,2],[7,4],[3,5]],"exportedModulesMap":[[5,2],[4,2],[8,3],[6,2],[7,6],[3,5]],"semanticDiagnosticsPerFile":[1,5,4,8,6,7,2,3]},"version":"FakeTSVersion"}
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'Function'.
 
-//// [/src/src-dogs/tsconfig.tsbuildinfo.readable.baseline.txt]
-{
-  "program": {
-    "fileNames": [
-      "../../lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts",
-      "../src-types/dogconfig.d.ts",
-      "../src-types/index.d.ts",
-      "./dogconfig.ts",
-      "./dog.ts",
-      "./lassie/lassieconfig.ts",
-      "./lassie/lassiedog.ts",
-      "./index.ts"
-    ],
-    "fileNamesList": [
-      [
-        "../src-types/index.d.ts",
-        "./dogconfig.ts"
-      ],
-      [
-        "../src-types/index.d.ts"
-      ],
-      [
-        "../src-types/index.d.ts",
-        "./lassie/lassiedog.ts"
-      ],
-      [
-        "./dog.ts",
-        "./lassie/lassieconfig.ts"
-      ],
-      [
-        "../src-types/dogconfig.d.ts"
-      ],
-      [
-        "./dog.ts",
-        "./index.ts"
-      ]
-    ],
-    "fileInfos": {
-      "../../lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts": {
-        "version": "-7698705165-/// <reference no-default-lib=\"true\"/>\ninterface Boolean {}\ninterface Function {}\ninterface CallableFunction {}\ninterface NewableFunction {}\ninterface IArguments {}\ninterface Number { toExponential: any; }\ninterface Object {}\ninterface RegExp {}\ninterface String { charAt: any; }\ninterface Array<T> { length: number; [n: number]: T; }",
-        "signature": "-7698705165-/// <reference no-default-lib=\"true\"/>\ninterface Boolean {}\ninterface Function {}\ninterface CallableFunction {}\ninterface NewableFunction {}\ninterface IArguments {}\ninterface Number { toExponential: any; }\ninterface Object {}\ninterface RegExp {}\ninterface String { charAt: any; }\ninterface Array<T> { length: number; [n: number]: T; }",
-        "affectsGlobalScope": true,
-        "impliedFormat": 1
-      },
-      "../src-types/dogconfig.d.ts": {
-        "version": "-2632060142-export interface DogConfig {\r\n    name: string;\r\n}\r\n",
-        "signature": "-2632060142-export interface DogConfig {\r\n    name: string;\r\n}\r\n",
-        "impliedFormat": 99
-      },
-      "../src-types/index.d.ts": {
-        "version": "-5608794531-export * from './dogconfig.js';\r\n",
-        "signature": "-5608794531-export * from './dogconfig.js';\r\n",
-        "impliedFormat": 99
-      },
-      "./dogconfig.ts": {
-        "version": "1966273863-import { DogConfig } from 'src-types';\n\nexport const DOG_CONFIG: DogConfig = {\n    name: 'Default dog',\n};\n",
-        "signature": "17588480778-import { DogConfig } from 'src-types';\r\nexport declare const DOG_CONFIG: DogConfig;\r\n",
-        "impliedFormat": 99
-      },
-      "./dog.ts": {
-        "version": "6091345804-import { DogConfig } from 'src-types';\nimport { DOG_CONFIG } from './dogconfig.js';\n\nexport abstract class Dog {\n\n    public static getCapabilities(): DogConfig {\n        return DOG_CONFIG;\n    }\n}\n",
-        "signature": "22128633249-import { DogConfig } from 'src-types';\r\nexport declare abstract class Dog {\r\n    static getCapabilities(): DogConfig;\r\n}\r\n",
-        "impliedFormat": 99
-      },
-      "./lassie/lassieconfig.ts": {
-        "version": "4440579024-import { DogConfig } from 'src-types';\n\nexport const LASSIE_CONFIG: DogConfig = { name: 'Lassie' };\n",
-        "signature": "8131483665-import { DogConfig } from 'src-types';\r\nexport declare const LASSIE_CONFIG: DogConfig;\r\n",
-        "impliedFormat": 99
-      },
-      "./lassie/lassiedog.ts": {
-        "version": "-32303727812-import { Dog } from '../dog.js';\nimport { LASSIE_CONFIG } from './lassieconfig.js';\n\nexport class LassieDog extends Dog {\n    protected static getDogConfig = () => LASSIE_CONFIG;\n}\n",
-        "signature": "-20244062422-import { Dog } from '../dog.js';\r\nexport declare class LassieDog extends Dog {\r\n    protected static getDogConfig: () => import(\"../index.js\").DogConfig;\r\n}\r\n",
-        "impliedFormat": 99
-      },
-      "./index.ts": {
-        "version": "-15974991320-export * from 'src-types';\nexport * from './lassie/lassiedog.js';\n",
-        "signature": "-16783836862-export * from 'src-types';\r\nexport * from './lassie/lassiedog.js';\r\n",
-        "impliedFormat": 99
-      }
-    },
-    "options": {
-      "composite": true,
-      "declaration": true,
-      "module": 100
-    },
-    "referencedMap": {
-      "./dog.ts": [
-        "../src-types/index.d.ts",
-        "./dogconfig.ts"
-      ],
-      "./dogconfig.ts": [
-        "../src-types/index.d.ts"
-      ],
-      "./index.ts": [
-        "../src-types/index.d.ts",
-        "./lassie/lassiedog.ts"
-      ],
-      "./lassie/lassieconfig.ts": [
-        "../src-types/index.d.ts"
-      ],
-      "./lassie/lassiedog.ts": [
-        "./dog.ts",
-        "./lassie/lassieconfig.ts"
-      ],
-      "../src-types/index.d.ts": [
-        "../src-types/dogconfig.d.ts"
-      ]
-    },
-    "exportedModulesMap": {
-      "./dog.ts": [
-        "../src-types/index.d.ts"
-      ],
-      "./dogconfig.ts": [
-        "../src-types/index.d.ts"
-      ],
-      "./index.ts": [
-        "../src-types/index.d.ts",
-        "./lassie/lassiedog.ts"
-      ],
-      "./lassie/lassieconfig.ts": [
-        "../src-types/index.d.ts"
-      ],
-      "./lassie/lassiedog.ts": [
-        "./dog.ts",
-        "./index.ts"
-      ],
-      "../src-types/index.d.ts": [
-        "../src-types/dogconfig.d.ts"
-      ]
-    },
-    "semanticDiagnosticsPerFile": [
-      "../../lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts",
-      "./dog.ts",
-      "./dogconfig.ts",
-      "./index.ts",
-      "./lassie/lassieconfig.ts",
-      "./lassie/lassiedog.ts",
-      "../src-types/dogconfig.d.ts",
-      "../src-types/index.d.ts"
-    ]
-  },
-  "version": "FakeTSVersion",
-  "size": 2712
-}
-
-//// [/src/src-types/dogconfig.d.ts]
-export interface DogConfig {
-    name: string;
-}
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'IArguments'.
 
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'Number'.
 
-//// [/src/src-types/dogconfig.js]
-export {};
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'Object'.
 
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'RegExp'.
 
-//// [/src/src-types/index.d.ts]
-export * from './dogconfig.js';
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'String'.
 
+[12:00:27 AM] Project 'src/src-dogs/tsconfig.json' can't be built because its dependency 'src/src-types' has errors
 
-//// [/src/src-types/index.js]
-export * from './dogconfig.js';
+[12:00:28 AM] Skipping build of project '/src/src-dogs/tsconfig.json' because its dependency '/src/src-types' has errors
 
 
-//// [/src/src-types/tsconfig.tsbuildinfo]
-{"program":{"fileNames":["../../lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts","./dogconfig.ts","./index.ts"],"fileInfos":[{"version":"-7698705165-/// <reference no-default-lib=\"true\"/>\ninterface Boolean {}\ninterface Function {}\ninterface CallableFunction {}\ninterface NewableFunction {}\ninterface IArguments {}\ninterface Number { toExponential: any; }\ninterface Object {}\ninterface RegExp {}\ninterface String { charAt: any; }\ninterface Array<T> { length: number; [n: number]: T; }","affectsGlobalScope":true,"impliedFormat":1},{"version":"-5575793279-export interface DogConfig {\n    name: string;\n}","signature":"-2632060142-export interface DogConfig {\r\n    name: string;\r\n}\r\n","impliedFormat":99},{"version":"-6189272282-export * from './dogconfig.js';","signature":"-5608794531-export * from './dogconfig.js';\r\n","impliedFormat":99}],"options":{"composite":true,"declaration":true,"module":100},"fileIdsList":[[2]],"referencedMap":[[3,1]],"exportedModulesMap":[[3,1]],"semanticDiagnosticsPerFile":[1,2,3]},"version":"FakeTSVersion"}
-
-//// [/src/src-types/tsconfig.tsbuildinfo.readable.baseline.txt]
-{
-  "program": {
-    "fileNames": [
-      "../../lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts",
-      "./dogconfig.ts",
-      "./index.ts"
-    ],
-    "fileNamesList": [
-      [
-        "./dogconfig.ts"
-      ]
-    ],
-    "fileInfos": {
-      "../../lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts": {
-        "version": "-7698705165-/// <reference no-default-lib=\"true\"/>\ninterface Boolean {}\ninterface Function {}\ninterface CallableFunction {}\ninterface NewableFunction {}\ninterface IArguments {}\ninterface Number { toExponential: any; }\ninterface Object {}\ninterface RegExp {}\ninterface String { charAt: any; }\ninterface Array<T> { length: number; [n: number]: T; }",
-        "signature": "-7698705165-/// <reference no-default-lib=\"true\"/>\ninterface Boolean {}\ninterface Function {}\ninterface CallableFunction {}\ninterface NewableFunction {}\ninterface IArguments {}\ninterface Number { toExponential: any; }\ninterface Object {}\ninterface RegExp {}\ninterface String { charAt: any; }\ninterface Array<T> { length: number; [n: number]: T; }",
-        "affectsGlobalScope": true,
-        "impliedFormat": 1
-      },
-      "./dogconfig.ts": {
-        "version": "-5575793279-export interface DogConfig {\n    name: string;\n}",
-        "signature": "-2632060142-export interface DogConfig {\r\n    name: string;\r\n}\r\n",
-        "impliedFormat": 99
-      },
-      "./index.ts": {
-        "version": "-6189272282-export * from './dogconfig.js';",
-        "signature": "-5608794531-export * from './dogconfig.js';\r\n",
-        "impliedFormat": 99
-      }
-    },
-    "options": {
-      "composite": true,
-      "declaration": true,
-      "module": 100
-    },
-    "referencedMap": {
-      "./index.ts": [
-        "./dogconfig.ts"
-      ]
-    },
-    "exportedModulesMap": {
-      "./index.ts": [
-        "./dogconfig.ts"
-      ]
-    },
-    "semanticDiagnosticsPerFile": [
-      "../../lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts",
-      "./dogconfig.ts",
-      "./index.ts"
-    ]
-  },
-  "version": "FakeTSVersion",
-  "size": 1038
-}
+Found 9 errors.
 
+exitCode:: ExitStatus.DiagnosticsPresent_OutputsSkipped
+
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/tsbuildWatch/moduleResolution/resolves-specifier-in-output-declaration-file-from-referenced-project-correctly-with-cts-and-mts-extensions.js b/tests/baselines/reference/tsbuildWatch/moduleResolution/resolves-specifier-in-output-declaration-file-from-referenced-project-correctly-with-cts-and-mts-extensions.js
index 07de3842a6fa7..bc78d10564f30 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/tsbuildWatch/moduleResolution/resolves-specifier-in-output-declaration-file-from-referenced-project-correctly-with-cts-and-mts-extensions.js
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/tsbuildWatch/moduleResolution/resolves-specifier-in-output-declaration-file-from-referenced-project-correctly-with-cts-and-mts-extensions.js
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import type { TheNum } from 'pkg2'
 export const theNum: TheNum = 42;
 
 //// [/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json]
-{"compilerOptions":{"outDir":"build","module":"node12"},"references":[{"path":"../pkg2"}]}
+{"compilerOptions":{"outDir":"build","module":"node16"},"references":[{"path":"../pkg2"}]}
 
 //// [/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/const.cts]
 export type TheNum = 42;
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export type TheNum = 42;
 export type { TheNum } from './const.cjs';
 
 //// [/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/tsconfig.json]
-{"compilerOptions":{"composite":true,"outDir":"build","module":"node12"}}
+{"compilerOptions":{"composite":true,"outDir":"build","module":"node16"}}
 
 //// [/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json]
 {"name":"pkg2","version":"1.0.0","main":"build/index.js","type":"module"}
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Output::
 Found 'package.json' at '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json'.
 'package.json' does not have a 'typesVersions' field.
 ======== Resolving module './const.cjs' from '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/index.ts'. ========
-Module resolution kind is not specified, using 'Node12'.
+Module resolution kind is not specified, using 'Node16'.
 Loading module as file / folder, candidate module location '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/const.cjs', target file type 'TypeScript'.
 File name '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/const.cjs' has a '.cjs' extension - stripping it.
 File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/const.cts' exist - use it as a name resolution result.
@@ -60,46 +60,31 @@ File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/const.cts' exist - use it
 File '/a/lib/package.json' does not exist.
 File '/a/package.json' does not exist.
 File '/package.json' does not exist.
-[12:01:00 AM] Project 'packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json' is out of date because output file 'packages/pkg1/build/index.js' does not exist
+error TS6053: File '/a/lib/lib.es2022.full.d.ts' not found.
+  The file is in the program because:
+    Default library for target 'es2022'
 
-[12:01:01 AM] Building project '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json'...
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'Array'.
 
-Found 'package.json' at '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/package.json'.
-'package.json' does not have a 'typesVersions' field.
-======== Resolving module 'pkg2' from '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts'. ========
-Module resolution kind is not specified, using 'Node12'.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/package.json' exists according to earlier cached lookups.
-Loading module 'pkg2' from 'node_modules' folder, target file type 'TypeScript'.
-Directory '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.
-Directory '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.
-Found 'package.json' at '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/package.json'.
-'package.json' does not have a 'typesVersions' field.
-'package.json' does not have a 'typings' field.
-'package.json' does not have a 'types' field.
-'package.json' has 'main' field 'build/index.js' that references '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js'.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js' exist - use it as a name resolution result.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js' has an unsupported extension, so skipping it.
-Loading module as file / folder, candidate module location '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js', target file type 'TypeScript'.
-File name '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js' has a '.js' extension - stripping it.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.ts' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.tsx' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.d.ts' exist - use it as a name resolution result.
-Resolving real path for '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.d.ts', result '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts'.
-======== Module name 'pkg2' was successfully resolved to '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts' with Package ID 'pkg2/build/index.d.ts@1.0.0'. ========
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/package.json' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json' exists according to earlier cached lookups.
-======== Resolving module './const.cjs' from '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts'. ========
-Using compiler options of project reference redirect '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/tsconfig.json'.
-Module resolution kind is not specified, using 'Node12'.
-Loading module as file / folder, candidate module location '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.cjs', target file type 'TypeScript'.
-File name '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.cjs' has a '.cjs' extension - stripping it.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.cts' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.d.cts' exist - use it as a name resolution result.
-======== Module name './const.cjs' was successfully resolved to '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.d.cts'. ========
-File '/a/lib/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.
-File '/a/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.
-File '/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.
-[12:01:07 AM] Found 0 errors. Watching for file changes.
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'Boolean'.
+
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'Function'.
+
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'IArguments'.
+
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'Number'.
+
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'Object'.
+
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'RegExp'.
+
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'String'.
+
+[12:00:45 AM] Project 'packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json' can't be built because its dependency 'packages/pkg2' has errors
+
+[12:00:46 AM] Skipping build of project '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json' because its dependency '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2' has errors
+
+[12:00:47 AM] Found 9 errors. Watching for file changes.
 
 
 
@@ -107,40 +92,12 @@ Program root files: ["/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/const.cts"
 Program options: {"composite":true,"outDir":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build","module":100,"watch":true,"traceResolution":true,"configFilePath":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/tsconfig.json"}
 Program structureReused: Not
 Program files::
-/a/lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/const.cts
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/index.ts
 
-Semantic diagnostics in builder refreshed for::
-/a/lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/const.cts
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/index.ts
+No cached semantic diagnostics in the builder::
 
-Shape signatures in builder refreshed for::
-/a/lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts (used version)
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/const.cts (computed .d.ts during emit)
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/index.ts (computed .d.ts during emit)
-
-Program root files: ["/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts"]
-Program options: {"outDir":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/build","module":100,"watch":true,"traceResolution":true,"configFilePath":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json"}
-Program structureReused: Not
-Program files::
-/a/lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.d.cts
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts
-
-Semantic diagnostics in builder refreshed for::
-/a/lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.d.cts
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts
-
-Shape signatures in builder refreshed for::
-/a/lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts (used version)
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.d.cts (used version)
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts (used version)
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts (used version)
+No shapes updated in the builder::
 
 WatchedFiles::
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/tsconfig.json:
@@ -151,24 +108,16 @@ WatchedFiles::
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/index.ts","pollingInterval":250}
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json:
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /a/lib/package.json:
   {"fileName":"/a/lib/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/a/lib/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /a/package.json:
   {"fileName":"/a/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/a/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /package.json:
   {"fileName":"/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json:
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts:
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts","pollingInterval":250}
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/package.json:
-  {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/package.json:
-  {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 
 FsWatches::
 
@@ -180,86 +129,6 @@ FsWatchesRecursive::
 
 exitCode:: ExitStatus.undefined
 
-//// [/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.cjs]
-"use strict";
-Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-
-
-//// [/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.d.cts]
-export declare type TheNum = 42;
-
-
-//// [/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.js]
-export {};
-
-
-//// [/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts]
-export type { TheNum } from './const.cjs';
-
-
-//// [/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/tsconfig.tsbuildinfo]
-{"program":{"fileNames":["../../../../../../../a/lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts","../const.cts","../index.ts"],"fileInfos":[{"version":"-7698705165-/// <reference no-default-lib=\"true\"/>\ninterface Boolean {}\ninterface Function {}\ninterface CallableFunction {}\ninterface NewableFunction {}\ninterface IArguments {}\ninterface Number { toExponential: any; }\ninterface Object {}\ninterface RegExp {}\ninterface String { charAt: any; }\ninterface Array<T> { length: number; [n: number]: T; }","affectsGlobalScope":true,"impliedFormat":1},{"version":"-11202312776-export type TheNum = 42;","signature":"-9649133742-export declare type TheNum = 42;\n","impliedFormat":1},{"version":"-9668872159-export type { TheNum } from './const.cjs';","signature":"-9835135925-export type { TheNum } from './const.cjs';\n","impliedFormat":99}],"options":{"composite":true,"module":100,"outDir":"./"},"fileIdsList":[[2]],"referencedMap":[[3,1]],"exportedModulesMap":[[3,1]],"semanticDiagnosticsPerFile":[1,2,3]},"version":"FakeTSVersion"}
-
-//// [/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/tsconfig.tsbuildinfo.readable.baseline.txt]
-{
-  "program": {
-    "fileNames": [
-      "../../../../../../../a/lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts",
-      "../const.cts",
-      "../index.ts"
-    ],
-    "fileNamesList": [
-      [
-        "../const.cts"
-      ]
-    ],
-    "fileInfos": {
-      "../../../../../../../a/lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts": {
-        "version": "-7698705165-/// <reference no-default-lib=\"true\"/>\ninterface Boolean {}\ninterface Function {}\ninterface CallableFunction {}\ninterface NewableFunction {}\ninterface IArguments {}\ninterface Number { toExponential: any; }\ninterface Object {}\ninterface RegExp {}\ninterface String { charAt: any; }\ninterface Array<T> { length: number; [n: number]: T; }",
-        "signature": "-7698705165-/// <reference no-default-lib=\"true\"/>\ninterface Boolean {}\ninterface Function {}\ninterface CallableFunction {}\ninterface NewableFunction {}\ninterface IArguments {}\ninterface Number { toExponential: any; }\ninterface Object {}\ninterface RegExp {}\ninterface String { charAt: any; }\ninterface Array<T> { length: number; [n: number]: T; }",
-        "affectsGlobalScope": true,
-        "impliedFormat": 1
-      },
-      "../const.cts": {
-        "version": "-11202312776-export type TheNum = 42;",
-        "signature": "-9649133742-export declare type TheNum = 42;\n",
-        "impliedFormat": 1
-      },
-      "../index.ts": {
-        "version": "-9668872159-export type { TheNum } from './const.cjs';",
-        "signature": "-9835135925-export type { TheNum } from './const.cjs';\n",
-        "impliedFormat": 99
-      }
-    },
-    "options": {
-      "composite": true,
-      "module": 100,
-      "outDir": "./"
-    },
-    "referencedMap": {
-      "../index.ts": [
-        "../const.cts"
-      ]
-    },
-    "exportedModulesMap": {
-      "../index.ts": [
-        "../const.cts"
-      ]
-    },
-    "semanticDiagnosticsPerFile": [
-      "../../../../../../../a/lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts",
-      "../const.cts",
-      "../index.ts"
-    ]
-  },
-  "version": "FakeTSVersion",
-  "size": 1019
-}
-
-//// [/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/build/index.js]
-export const theNum = 42;
-
-
 
 Change:: reports import errors after change to package file
 
@@ -269,78 +138,6 @@ Input::
 
 
 Output::
->> Screen clear
-[12:01:11 AM] File change detected. Starting incremental compilation...
-
-[12:01:12 AM] Project 'packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json' is out of date because oldest output 'packages/pkg1/build/index.js' is older than newest input 'packages/pkg2'
-
-[12:01:13 AM] Building project '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json'...
-
-Found 'package.json' at '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/package.json'.
-'package.json' does not have a 'typesVersions' field.
-======== Resolving module 'pkg2' from '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts'. ========
-Module resolution kind is not specified, using 'Node12'.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/package.json' exists according to earlier cached lookups.
-Loading module 'pkg2' from 'node_modules' folder, target file type 'TypeScript'.
-Directory '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.
-Directory '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.
-Found 'package.json' at '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/package.json'.
-'package.json' does not have a 'typesVersions' field.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2.ts' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2.tsx' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2.d.ts' does not exist.
-'package.json' does not have a 'typings' field.
-'package.json' does not have a 'types' field.
-'package.json' has 'main' field 'build/index.js' that references '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js'.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js' exist - use it as a name resolution result.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js' has an unsupported extension, so skipping it.
-Loading module as file / folder, candidate module location '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js', target file type 'TypeScript'.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js.ts' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js.tsx' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js.d.ts' does not exist.
-File name '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js' has a '.js' extension - stripping it.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.ts' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.tsx' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.d.ts' exist - use it as a name resolution result.
-Resolving real path for '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.d.ts', result '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts'.
-======== Module name 'pkg2' was successfully resolved to '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts' with Package ID 'pkg2/build/index.d.ts@1.0.0'. ========
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/package.json' does not exist.
-Found 'package.json' at '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json'.
-'package.json' does not have a 'typesVersions' field.
-======== Resolving module './const.cjs' from '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts'. ========
-Using compiler options of project reference redirect '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/tsconfig.json'.
-Module resolution kind is not specified, using 'Node12'.
-Loading module as file / folder, candidate module location '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.cjs', target file type 'TypeScript'.
-File name '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.cjs' has a '.cjs' extension - stripping it.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.cts' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.d.cts' exist - use it as a name resolution result.
-======== Module name './const.cjs' was successfully resolved to '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.d.cts'. ========
-File '/a/lib/package.json' does not exist.
-File '/a/package.json' does not exist.
-File '/package.json' does not exist.
-packages/pkg1/index.ts:1:29 - error TS1471: Module 'pkg2' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
-
-1 import type { TheNum } from 'pkg2'
-                              ~~~~~~
-
-[12:01:14 AM] Found 1 error. Watching for file changes.
-
-
-
-Program root files: ["/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts"]
-Program options: {"outDir":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/build","module":100,"watch":true,"traceResolution":true,"configFilePath":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json"}
-Program structureReused: Not
-Program files::
-/a/lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.d.cts
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts
-
-Semantic diagnostics in builder refreshed for::
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts
-
-Shape signatures in builder refreshed for::
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts (computed .d.ts)
 
 WatchedFiles::
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/tsconfig.json:
@@ -351,24 +148,16 @@ WatchedFiles::
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/index.ts","pollingInterval":250}
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json:
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /a/lib/package.json:
   {"fileName":"/a/lib/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/a/lib/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /a/package.json:
   {"fileName":"/a/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/a/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /package.json:
   {"fileName":"/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json:
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts:
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts","pollingInterval":250}
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/package.json:
-  {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/package.json:
-  {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 
 FsWatches::
 
@@ -389,67 +178,6 @@ Input::
 
 
 Output::
->> Screen clear
-[12:01:18 AM] File change detected. Starting incremental compilation...
-
-[12:01:19 AM] Project 'packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json' is out of date because oldest output 'packages/pkg1/build/index.js' is older than newest input 'packages/pkg2'
-
-[12:01:20 AM] Building project '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json'...
-
-Found 'package.json' at '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/package.json'.
-'package.json' does not have a 'typesVersions' field.
-======== Resolving module 'pkg2' from '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts'. ========
-Module resolution kind is not specified, using 'Node12'.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/package.json' exists according to earlier cached lookups.
-Loading module 'pkg2' from 'node_modules' folder, target file type 'TypeScript'.
-Directory '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.
-Directory '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.
-Found 'package.json' at '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/package.json'.
-'package.json' does not have a 'typesVersions' field.
-'package.json' does not have a 'typings' field.
-'package.json' does not have a 'types' field.
-'package.json' has 'main' field 'build/index.js' that references '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js'.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js' exist - use it as a name resolution result.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js' has an unsupported extension, so skipping it.
-Loading module as file / folder, candidate module location '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js', target file type 'TypeScript'.
-File name '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js' has a '.js' extension - stripping it.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.ts' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.tsx' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.d.ts' exist - use it as a name resolution result.
-Resolving real path for '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.d.ts', result '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts'.
-======== Module name 'pkg2' was successfully resolved to '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts' with Package ID 'pkg2/build/index.d.ts@1.0.0'. ========
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/package.json' does not exist.
-Found 'package.json' at '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json'.
-'package.json' does not have a 'typesVersions' field.
-======== Resolving module './const.cjs' from '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts'. ========
-Using compiler options of project reference redirect '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/tsconfig.json'.
-Module resolution kind is not specified, using 'Node12'.
-Loading module as file / folder, candidate module location '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.cjs', target file type 'TypeScript'.
-File name '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.cjs' has a '.cjs' extension - stripping it.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.cts' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.d.cts' exist - use it as a name resolution result.
-======== Module name './const.cjs' was successfully resolved to '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.d.cts'. ========
-File '/a/lib/package.json' does not exist.
-File '/a/package.json' does not exist.
-File '/package.json' does not exist.
-[12:01:24 AM] Found 0 errors. Watching for file changes.
-
-
-
-Program root files: ["/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts"]
-Program options: {"outDir":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/build","module":100,"watch":true,"traceResolution":true,"configFilePath":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json"}
-Program structureReused: Not
-Program files::
-/a/lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.d.cts
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts
-
-Semantic diagnostics in builder refreshed for::
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts
-
-Shape signatures in builder refreshed for::
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts (computed .d.ts)
 
 WatchedFiles::
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/tsconfig.json:
@@ -460,24 +188,16 @@ WatchedFiles::
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/index.ts","pollingInterval":250}
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json:
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /a/lib/package.json:
   {"fileName":"/a/lib/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/a/lib/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /a/package.json:
   {"fileName":"/a/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/a/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /package.json:
   {"fileName":"/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json:
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts:
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts","pollingInterval":250}
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/package.json:
-  {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/package.json:
-  {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 
 FsWatches::
 
@@ -489,7 +209,6 @@ FsWatchesRecursive::
 
 exitCode:: ExitStatus.undefined
 
-//// [/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/build/index.js] file written with same contents
 
 Change:: reports import errors after change to package file
 
@@ -499,78 +218,6 @@ Input::
 
 
 Output::
->> Screen clear
-[12:01:28 AM] File change detected. Starting incremental compilation...
-
-[12:01:29 AM] Project 'packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json' is out of date because oldest output 'packages/pkg1/build/index.js' is older than newest input 'packages/pkg2'
-
-[12:01:30 AM] Building project '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json'...
-
-Found 'package.json' at '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/package.json'.
-'package.json' does not have a 'typesVersions' field.
-======== Resolving module 'pkg2' from '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts'. ========
-Module resolution kind is not specified, using 'Node12'.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/package.json' exists according to earlier cached lookups.
-Loading module 'pkg2' from 'node_modules' folder, target file type 'TypeScript'.
-Directory '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.
-Directory '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.
-Found 'package.json' at '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/package.json'.
-'package.json' does not have a 'typesVersions' field.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2.ts' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2.tsx' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2.d.ts' does not exist.
-'package.json' does not have a 'typings' field.
-'package.json' does not have a 'types' field.
-'package.json' has 'main' field 'build/index.js' that references '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js'.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js' exist - use it as a name resolution result.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js' has an unsupported extension, so skipping it.
-Loading module as file / folder, candidate module location '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js', target file type 'TypeScript'.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js.ts' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js.tsx' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js.d.ts' does not exist.
-File name '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.js' has a '.js' extension - stripping it.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.ts' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.tsx' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.d.ts' exist - use it as a name resolution result.
-Resolving real path for '/user/username/projects/myproject/node_modules/pkg2/build/index.d.ts', result '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts'.
-======== Module name 'pkg2' was successfully resolved to '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts' with Package ID 'pkg2/build/index.d.ts@1.0.0'. ========
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/package.json' does not exist.
-Found 'package.json' at '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json'.
-'package.json' does not have a 'typesVersions' field.
-======== Resolving module './const.cjs' from '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts'. ========
-Using compiler options of project reference redirect '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/tsconfig.json'.
-Module resolution kind is not specified, using 'Node12'.
-Loading module as file / folder, candidate module location '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.cjs', target file type 'TypeScript'.
-File name '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.cjs' has a '.cjs' extension - stripping it.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.cts' does not exist.
-File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.d.cts' exist - use it as a name resolution result.
-======== Module name './const.cjs' was successfully resolved to '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.d.cts'. ========
-File '/a/lib/package.json' does not exist.
-File '/a/package.json' does not exist.
-File '/package.json' does not exist.
-packages/pkg1/index.ts:1:29 - error TS1471: Module 'pkg2' cannot be imported using this construct. The specifier only resolves to an ES module, which cannot be imported synchronously. Use dynamic import instead.
-
-1 import type { TheNum } from 'pkg2'
-                              ~~~~~~
-
-[12:01:31 AM] Found 1 error. Watching for file changes.
-
-
-
-Program root files: ["/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts"]
-Program options: {"outDir":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/build","module":100,"watch":true,"traceResolution":true,"configFilePath":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json"}
-Program structureReused: Not
-Program files::
-/a/lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.d.cts
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.ts
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts
-
-Semantic diagnostics in builder refreshed for::
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts
-
-Shape signatures in builder refreshed for::
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts (computed .d.ts)
 
 WatchedFiles::
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/tsconfig.json:
@@ -581,24 +228,16 @@ WatchedFiles::
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/index.ts","pollingInterval":250}
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json:
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /a/lib/package.json:
   {"fileName":"/a/lib/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/a/lib/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /a/package.json:
   {"fileName":"/a/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/a/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /package.json:
   {"fileName":"/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json:
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts:
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts","pollingInterval":250}
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/package.json:
-  {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/package.json:
-  {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 
 FsWatches::
 
@@ -624,14 +263,14 @@ export type { TheNum } from './const.cjs';
 
 Output::
 >> Screen clear
-[12:01:38 AM] File change detected. Starting incremental compilation...
+[12:01:03 AM] File change detected. Starting incremental compilation...
 
-[12:01:39 AM] Project 'packages/pkg2/tsconfig.json' is out of date because oldest output 'packages/pkg2/build/const.cjs' is older than newest input 'packages/pkg2/index.cts'
+[12:01:04 AM] Project 'packages/pkg2/tsconfig.json' is out of date because output file 'packages/pkg2/build/const.cjs' does not exist
 
-[12:01:40 AM] Building project '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/tsconfig.json'...
+[12:01:05 AM] Building project '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/tsconfig.json'...
 
 ======== Resolving module './const.cjs' from '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/index.cts'. ========
-Module resolution kind is not specified, using 'Node12'.
+Module resolution kind is not specified, using 'Node16'.
 Loading module as file / folder, candidate module location '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/const.cjs', target file type 'TypeScript'.
 File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/const.cjs.ts' does not exist.
 File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/const.cjs.tsx' does not exist.
@@ -642,7 +281,27 @@ File '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/const.cts' exist - use it
 File '/a/lib/package.json' does not exist.
 File '/a/package.json' does not exist.
 File '/package.json' does not exist.
-[12:01:49 AM] Updating unchanged output timestamps of project '/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/tsconfig.json'...
+error TS6053: File '/a/lib/lib.es2022.full.d.ts' not found.
+  The file is in the program because:
+    Default library for target 'es2022'
+
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'Array'.
+
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'Boolean'.
+
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'Function'.
+
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'IArguments'.
+
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'Number'.
+
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'Object'.
+
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'RegExp'.
+
+error TS2318: Cannot find global type 'String'.
+
+[12:01:06 AM] Found 9 errors. Watching for file changes.
 
 
 
@@ -650,15 +309,12 @@ Program root files: ["/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/const.cts"
 Program options: {"composite":true,"outDir":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build","module":100,"watch":true,"traceResolution":true,"configFilePath":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/tsconfig.json"}
 Program structureReused: Not
 Program files::
-/a/lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/const.cts
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/index.cts
 
-Semantic diagnostics in builder refreshed for::
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/index.cts
+No cached semantic diagnostics in the builder::
 
-Shape signatures in builder refreshed for::
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/index.cts (computed .d.ts)
+No shapes updated in the builder::
 
 WatchedFiles::
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/tsconfig.json:
@@ -667,24 +323,16 @@ WatchedFiles::
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/const.cts","pollingInterval":250}
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json:
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /a/lib/package.json:
   {"fileName":"/a/lib/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/a/lib/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /a/package.json:
   {"fileName":"/a/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/a/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /package.json:
   {"fileName":"/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-  {"fileName":"/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json:
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/tsconfig.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts:
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/index.ts","pollingInterval":250}
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/package.json:
-  {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg1/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
-/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/package.json:
-  {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/package.json","pollingInterval":250}
 /user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/index.cts:
   {"fileName":"/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/index.cts","pollingInterval":250}
 
@@ -698,73 +346,3 @@ FsWatchesRecursive::
 
 exitCode:: ExitStatus.undefined
 
-//// [/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.cjs] file changed its modified time
-//// [/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/const.d.cts] file changed its modified time
-//// [/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/tsconfig.tsbuildinfo]
-{"program":{"fileNames":["../../../../../../../a/lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts","../const.cts","../index.cts"],"fileInfos":[{"version":"-7698705165-/// <reference no-default-lib=\"true\"/>\ninterface Boolean {}\ninterface Function {}\ninterface CallableFunction {}\ninterface NewableFunction {}\ninterface IArguments {}\ninterface Number { toExponential: any; }\ninterface Object {}\ninterface RegExp {}\ninterface String { charAt: any; }\ninterface Array<T> { length: number; [n: number]: T; }","affectsGlobalScope":true,"impliedFormat":1},{"version":"-11202312776-export type TheNum = 42;","signature":"-9649133742-export declare type TheNum = 42;\n","impliedFormat":1},{"version":"-9668872159-export type { TheNum } from './const.cjs';","signature":"-9835135925-export type { TheNum } from './const.cjs';\n","impliedFormat":1}],"options":{"composite":true,"module":100,"outDir":"./"},"fileIdsList":[[2]],"referencedMap":[[3,1]],"exportedModulesMap":[[3,1]],"semanticDiagnosticsPerFile":[1,2,3]},"version":"FakeTSVersion"}
-
-//// [/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/tsconfig.tsbuildinfo.readable.baseline.txt]
-{
-  "program": {
-    "fileNames": [
-      "../../../../../../../a/lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts",
-      "../const.cts",
-      "../index.cts"
-    ],
-    "fileNamesList": [
-      [
-        "../const.cts"
-      ]
-    ],
-    "fileInfos": {
-      "../../../../../../../a/lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts": {
-        "version": "-7698705165-/// <reference no-default-lib=\"true\"/>\ninterface Boolean {}\ninterface Function {}\ninterface CallableFunction {}\ninterface NewableFunction {}\ninterface IArguments {}\ninterface Number { toExponential: any; }\ninterface Object {}\ninterface RegExp {}\ninterface String { charAt: any; }\ninterface Array<T> { length: number; [n: number]: T; }",
-        "signature": "-7698705165-/// <reference no-default-lib=\"true\"/>\ninterface Boolean {}\ninterface Function {}\ninterface CallableFunction {}\ninterface NewableFunction {}\ninterface IArguments {}\ninterface Number { toExponential: any; }\ninterface Object {}\ninterface RegExp {}\ninterface String { charAt: any; }\ninterface Array<T> { length: number; [n: number]: T; }",
-        "affectsGlobalScope": true,
-        "impliedFormat": 1
-      },
-      "../const.cts": {
-        "version": "-11202312776-export type TheNum = 42;",
-        "signature": "-9649133742-export declare type TheNum = 42;\n",
-        "impliedFormat": 1
-      },
-      "../index.cts": {
-        "version": "-9668872159-export type { TheNum } from './const.cjs';",
-        "signature": "-9835135925-export type { TheNum } from './const.cjs';\n",
-        "impliedFormat": 1
-      }
-    },
-    "options": {
-      "composite": true,
-      "module": 100,
-      "outDir": "./"
-    },
-    "referencedMap": {
-      "../index.cts": [
-        "../const.cts"
-      ]
-    },
-    "exportedModulesMap": {
-      "../index.cts": [
-        "../const.cts"
-      ]
-    },
-    "semanticDiagnosticsPerFile": [
-      "../../../../../../../a/lib/lib.es2020.full.d.ts",
-      "../const.cts",
-      "../index.cts"
-    ]
-  },
-  "version": "FakeTSVersion",
-  "size": 1019
-}
-
-//// [/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.cjs]
-"use strict";
-Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-
-
-//// [/user/username/projects/myproject/packages/pkg2/build/index.d.cts]
-export type { TheNum } from './const.cjs';
-
-
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/tsc/runWithoutArgs/does-not-add-color-when-NO_COLOR-is-set.js b/tests/baselines/reference/tsc/runWithoutArgs/does-not-add-color-when-NO_COLOR-is-set.js
index e963447956603..5e7ba543d3426 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/tsc/runWithoutArgs/does-not-add-color-when-NO_COLOR-is-set.js
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/tsc/runWithoutArgs/does-not-add-color-when-NO_COLOR-is-set.js
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ default: es3
 
 --module, -m
 Specify what module code is generated.
-one of: none, commonjs, amd, umd, system, es6/es2015, es2020, es2022, esnext, node12, nodenext
+one of: none, commonjs, amd, umd, system, es6/es2015, es2020, es2022, esnext, node16, nodenext
 default: undefined
 
 --lib
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/tsc/runWithoutArgs/show-help-with-ExitStatus.DiagnosticsPresent_OutputsSkipped-when-host-can't-provide-terminal-width.js b/tests/baselines/reference/tsc/runWithoutArgs/show-help-with-ExitStatus.DiagnosticsPresent_OutputsSkipped-when-host-can't-provide-terminal-width.js
index 50b1c2f7ed7ff..eb384f25ae3ba 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/tsc/runWithoutArgs/show-help-with-ExitStatus.DiagnosticsPresent_OutputsSkipped-when-host-can't-provide-terminal-width.js
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/tsc/runWithoutArgs/show-help-with-ExitStatus.DiagnosticsPresent_OutputsSkipped-when-host-can't-provide-terminal-width.js
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ default: es3
 
 --module, -m
 Specify what module code is generated.
-one of: none, commonjs, amd, umd, system, es6/es2015, es2020, es2022, esnext, node12, nodenext
+one of: none, commonjs, amd, umd, system, es6/es2015, es2020, es2022, esnext, node16, nodenext
 default: undefined
 
 --lib
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/tsc/runWithoutArgs/show-help-with-ExitStatus.DiagnosticsPresent_OutputsSkipped.js b/tests/baselines/reference/tsc/runWithoutArgs/show-help-with-ExitStatus.DiagnosticsPresent_OutputsSkipped.js
index 50b1c2f7ed7ff..eb384f25ae3ba 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/tsc/runWithoutArgs/show-help-with-ExitStatus.DiagnosticsPresent_OutputsSkipped.js
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/tsc/runWithoutArgs/show-help-with-ExitStatus.DiagnosticsPresent_OutputsSkipped.js
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ default: es3
 
 --module, -m
 Specify what module code is generated.
-one of: none, commonjs, amd, umd, system, es6/es2015, es2020, es2022, esnext, node12, nodenext
+one of: none, commonjs, amd, umd, system, es6/es2015, es2020, es2022, esnext, node16, nodenext
 default: undefined
 
 --lib
diff --git a/tests/cases/compiler/moduleResolutionWithModule.ts b/tests/cases/compiler/moduleResolutionWithModule.ts
index de0c873cdd02a..74601d43da250 100644
--- a/tests/cases/compiler/moduleResolutionWithModule.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/compiler/moduleResolutionWithModule.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// @moduleResolution: node,node12,nodenext
-// @module: commonjs,node12,nodenext
+// @moduleResolution: node16,nodenext
+// @module: commonjs,node16,nodenext
 // @filename: node_modules/pkg/package.json
 {
     "name": "pkg",
diff --git a/tests/cases/compiler/tripleSlashTypesReferenceWithMissingExports.ts b/tests/cases/compiler/tripleSlashTypesReferenceWithMissingExports.ts
index d5b58f5077fa2..fe80146389c63 100644
--- a/tests/cases/compiler/tripleSlashTypesReferenceWithMissingExports.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/compiler/tripleSlashTypesReferenceWithMissingExports.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: commonjs,node12,nodenext
+// @module: commonjs,node16,nodenext
 // @filename: node_modules/pkg/index.d.ts
 interface GlobalThing { a: number }
 // @filename: node_modules/pkg/package.json
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension1.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension1.ts
index 83e86fc6c6069..0b740390a8af6 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension1.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension1.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// @moduleResolution: node12
-// @module: node12
+// @moduleResolution: node16
+// @module: node16
 
 // @filename: /src/foo.mts
 export function foo() {
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension2.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension2.ts
index 0051e17401c7c..a7adfbcac5768 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension2.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension2.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// @moduleResolution: node12
-// @module: node12
+// @moduleResolution: node16
+// @module: node16
 
 // @filename: /src/buzz.mts
 // Extensionless relative path cjs import in an ES module
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension5.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension5.ts
index 5053a242cd5d5..08011b2be6355 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension5.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension5.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// @moduleResolution: node12
-// @module: node12
+// @moduleResolution: node16
+// @module: node16
 
 // @filename: /src/buzz.mts
 // Extensionless relative path dynamic import in an ES module
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension6.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension6.ts
index 2a6ef2645dd4d..c846e6fd26085 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension6.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension6.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// @moduleResolution: node12
-// @module: node12
+// @moduleResolution: node16
+// @module: node16
 
 // @filename: /src/bar.cts
 // Extensionless relative path import statement in a cjs module
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension7.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension7.ts
index 3b10dd6e48aab..f5e27470a0278 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension7.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension7.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// @moduleResolution: node12
-// @module: node12
+// @moduleResolution: node16
+// @module: node16
 
 // @filename: /src/bar.cts
 // Extensionless relative path cjs import in a cjs module
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension8.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension8.ts
index fef17b3aa1e54..d862ba69de121 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension8.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/externalModules/moduleResolutionWithoutExtension8.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// @moduleResolution: node12
-// @module: node12
+// @moduleResolution: node16
+// @module: node16
 
 // @filename: /src/bar.cts
 // Extensionless relative path dynamic import in a cjs module
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeAllowJsPackageSelfName.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeAllowJsPackageSelfName.ts
index a19a7104ae127..bf4718d847a54 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeAllowJsPackageSelfName.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeAllowJsPackageSelfName.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @allowJs: true
 // @checkJs: true
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJs1.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJs1.ts
index 113c1fdeb8a62..f790752053fc2 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJs1.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJs1.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @allowJs: true
 // @checkJs: true
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsCjsFromJs.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsCjsFromJs.ts
index ea0821742f88f..74143dcefaa66 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsCjsFromJs.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsCjsFromJs.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @allowJs: true
 // @noEmit: true
 // @filename: foo.cjs
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsConditionalPackageExports.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsConditionalPackageExports.ts
index 1020812d5aeb2..f6f62444a6162 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsConditionalPackageExports.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsConditionalPackageExports.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @allowJs: true
 // @checkJs: true
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsDynamicImport.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsDynamicImport.ts
index d7032c648b46c..5da3c3e542526 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsDynamicImport.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsDynamicImport.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @allowJs: true
 // @checkJs: true
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsExportAssignment.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsExportAssignment.ts
index f7d5aaf822a30..0457ce4cb6237 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsExportAssignment.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsExportAssignment.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @allowJs: true
 // @checkJs: true
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsGeneratedNameCollisions.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsGeneratedNameCollisions.ts
index 14783731bf9a2..7cb94da8f6026 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsGeneratedNameCollisions.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsGeneratedNameCollisions.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @allowJs: true
 // @checkJs: true
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportAssignment.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportAssignment.ts
index 53e6b9445002b..2688b07fb9996 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportAssignment.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportAssignment.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @allowJs: true
 // @checkJs: true
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions1.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions1.ts
index d5727a3dc787e..26874896143b7 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions1.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions1.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @importHelpers: true
 // @allowJs: true
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions2.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions2.ts
index 032290f78bafd..af20a16ba76fa 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions2.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions2.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @importHelpers: true
 // @allowJs: true
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions3.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions3.ts
index 9452e2003a66c..a6b918988533f 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions3.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportHelpersCollisions3.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @importHelpers: true
 // @allowJs: true
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportMeta.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportMeta.ts
index a8708434b93ae..43fdf016c4361 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportMeta.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsImportMeta.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @allowJs: true
 // @checkJs: true
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageExports.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageExports.ts
index 65e5721b0bb75..23de392ed7ead 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageExports.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageExports.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @allowJs: true
 // @checkJs: true
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageImports.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageImports.ts
index b9d6027f5d791..84d0f650abcb9 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageImports.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackageImports.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @allowJs: true
 // @checkJs: true
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExports.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExports.ts
index 2691885690b1b..eab5792b8fbac 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExports.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExports.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @allowJs: true
 // @checkJs: true
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExportsTrailers.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExportsTrailers.ts
index 6b96f3475834d..b8ea4f9cbd89e 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExportsTrailers.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsPackagePatternExportsTrailers.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @allowJs: true
 // @checkJs: true
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsSynchronousCallErrors.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsSynchronousCallErrors.ts
index 15892edbe32c5..78025e25074e7 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsSynchronousCallErrors.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsSynchronousCallErrors.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @allowJs: true
 // @checkJs: true
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait.ts
index 872cad71c91d5..e18c50fef7a64 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/allowJs/nodeModulesAllowJsTopLevelAwait.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @allowJs: true
 // @checkJs: true
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModules1.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModules1.ts
index 698a6efec1e24..32c83b4525bcd 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModules1.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModules1.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: subfolder/index.ts
 // cjs format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesCjsFormatFileAlwaysHasDefault.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesCjsFormatFileAlwaysHasDefault.ts
index 06c6320d77905..31051b3a18be0 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesCjsFormatFileAlwaysHasDefault.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesCjsFormatFileAlwaysHasDefault.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: subfolder/index.ts
 // cjs format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesConditionalPackageExports.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesConditionalPackageExports.ts
index 07bf9d9724c34..a0240cdef4ecf 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesConditionalPackageExports.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesConditionalPackageExports.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: index.ts
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesDeclarationEmitWithPackageExports.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesDeclarationEmitWithPackageExports.ts
index 2599ff429ff93..9b4eb3ec9f8c6 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesDeclarationEmitWithPackageExports.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesDeclarationEmitWithPackageExports.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: index.ts
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesDynamicImport.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesDynamicImport.ts
index 46b317ca52da7..0864b42bbaf37 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesDynamicImport.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesDynamicImport.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: subfolder/index.ts
 // cjs format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportAssignments.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportAssignments.ts
index 7cbcd200d9699..efc867fa1c659 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportAssignments.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportAssignments.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: subfolder/index.ts
 // cjs format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsBlocksSpecifierResolution.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsBlocksSpecifierResolution.ts
index ffc5adf8e07e5..ee6587b5ea073 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsBlocksSpecifierResolution.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsBlocksSpecifierResolution.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: index.ts
 // esm format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationConditions.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationConditions.ts
index 2562c7a4a1139..92c686f1c2303 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationConditions.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationConditions.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: index.ts
 // esm format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationDirectory.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationDirectory.ts
index 2eb8ac58e6682..684cb5588fc74 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationDirectory.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationDirectory.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: index.ts
 // esm format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationPattern.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationPattern.ts
index 97812da5b57a7..a325a2dfe6c63 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationPattern.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesExportsSpecifierGenerationPattern.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: index.ts
 // esm format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesForbidenSyntax.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesForbidenSyntax.ts
index d441627d7d0c4..ca9ff3cf41311 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesForbidenSyntax.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesForbidenSyntax.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: subfolder/index.ts
 // cjs format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesGeneratedNameCollisions.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesGeneratedNameCollisions.ts
index e9a9b9d9eddc3..6f6fa8acb0763 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesGeneratedNameCollisions.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesGeneratedNameCollisions.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: subfolder/index.ts
 // cjs format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportAssertions.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportAssertions.ts
index 0fe1ccdf820b6..ae941bd003b3f 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportAssertions.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportAssertions.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @resolveJsonModule: true
 // @filename: index.ts
 import json from "./package.json" assert { type: "json" };
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportAssignments.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportAssignments.ts
index 6c22fe83e000d..cce29eb0d7583 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportAssignments.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportAssignments.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: subfolder/index.ts
 // cjs format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions.ts
index 103b58371243f..0a4698a95fba3 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @importHelpers: true
 // @filename: subfolder/index.ts
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions2.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions2.ts
index 7f90947a5fbcf..58e65723cbc1b 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions2.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions2.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @importHelpers: true
 // @filename: subfolder/index.ts
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions3.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions3.ts
index 5f6984ad1fb8b..3145df76cd58e 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions3.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportHelpersCollisions3.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @importHelpers: true
 // @filename: subfolder/index.ts
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportMeta.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportMeta.ts
index d684c7b5cb26b..cc8bdcce9da1e 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportMeta.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportMeta.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: subfolder/index.ts
 // cjs format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit1.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit1.ts
index 5a9a0ef8cee2b..c1c0c57cf9d64 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit1.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit1.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // @noImplicitReferences: true
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: /node_modules/pkg/package.json
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit2.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit2.ts
index 7b819fddf490e..06a9b226b2192 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit2.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmit2.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // @noImplicitReferences: true
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: /node_modules/pkg/package.json
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmitErrors1.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmitErrors1.ts
index 1e475dfc63ad9..01907185636c6 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmitErrors1.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportModeDeclarationEmitErrors1.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // @noImplicitReferences: true
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: /node_modules/pkg/package.json
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportResolutionIntoExport.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportResolutionIntoExport.ts
index 2a407b2bc680f..58a8adbf9b0a2 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportResolutionIntoExport.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportResolutionIntoExport.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: index.ts
 // esm format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportResolutionNoCycle.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportResolutionNoCycle.ts
index c0482c86ec292..b3a4139a00c9e 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportResolutionNoCycle.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportResolutionNoCycle.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: index.ts
 // esm format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmit1.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmit1.ts
index 41d64844e090a..c6ca4e2f13f97 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmit1.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmit1.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // @noImplicitReferences: true
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: /node_modules/pkg/package.json
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmitErrors1.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmitErrors1.ts
index d6f35e4638578..d118bc6da2931 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmitErrors1.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesImportTypeModeDeclarationEmitErrors1.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: /node_modules/pkg/package.json
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackageExports.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackageExports.ts
index 897d01b07d73b..6433e49270feb 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackageExports.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackageExports.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: index.ts
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackageImports.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackageImports.ts
index cccf930098ec7..55122ed464f3d 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackageImports.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackageImports.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: index.ts
 // esm format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackagePatternExports.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackagePatternExports.ts
index e22e497a94207..4a4af53809a92 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackagePatternExports.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackagePatternExports.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: index.ts
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackagePatternExportsTrailers.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackagePatternExportsTrailers.ts
index 3abe36e0d691e..ad842bcdb4a9a 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackagePatternExportsTrailers.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesPackagePatternExportsTrailers.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: index.ts
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesResolveJsonModule.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesResolveJsonModule.ts
index c298685c228df..33bc45a2a07bc 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesResolveJsonModule.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesResolveJsonModule.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @resolveJsonModule: true
 // @outDir: ./out
 // @declaration: true
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesSynchronousCallErrors.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesSynchronousCallErrors.ts
index 78aa93ee17c0c..203760b4e5d1a 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesSynchronousCallErrors.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesSynchronousCallErrors.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: subfolder/index.ts
 // cjs format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait.ts
index 2fbd5d3b0cd28..0e532ced3bac6 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTopLevelAwait.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: subfolder/index.ts
 // cjs format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit1.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit1.ts
index 8e99536aa8cd7..b1e4156f7fef9 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit1.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit1.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // @noImplicitReferences: true
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: /node_modules/pkg/package.json
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit2.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit2.ts
index 9349d1c276782..501d62d8db411 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit2.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit2.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // @noImplicitReferences: true
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: /node_modules/pkg/package.json
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit3.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit3.ts
index 8c16d1bd455d3..5ccdd5f1f9fab 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit3.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit3.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // @noImplicitReferences: true
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: /node_modules/pkg/package.json
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit4.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit4.ts
index 6d778bb754c50..2efe66d7462d9 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit4.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit4.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // @noImplicitReferences: true
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: /node_modules/pkg/package.json
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit5.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit5.ts
index 6694ad03d8de9..849f1ee97cdef 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit5.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit5.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // @noImplicitReferences: true
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: /node_modules/pkg/package.json
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit6.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit6.ts
index 8a38a96717006..4ceec4badefda 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit6.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit6.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // @noImplicitReferences: true
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: /node_modules/pkg/package.json
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit7.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit7.ts
index 317728fbaa832..5260cc2ae7792 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit7.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeDeclarationEmit7.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // @noImplicitReferences: true
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: /node_modules/pkg/package.json
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride1.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride1.ts
index 061d16a75609a..c488964766d47 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride1.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride1.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // @noImplicitReferences: true
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: /node_modules/pkg/package.json
 {
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride2.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride2.ts
index 105e52cf2d86a..79eeba94abf00 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride2.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride2.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // @noImplicitReferences: true
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: /node_modules/pkg/package.json
 {
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride3.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride3.ts
index d183196f1766c..74a9d2fffe59a 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride3.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride3.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // @noImplicitReferences: true
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: /node_modules/pkg/package.json
 {
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride4.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride4.ts
index 466d47fba2079..26bc3c8f393c8 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride4.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride4.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // @noImplicitReferences: true
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: /node_modules/pkg/package.json
 {
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride5.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride5.ts
index e9198bd5107e5..2174f95923752 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride5.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverride5.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // @noImplicitReferences: true
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: /node_modules/pkg/package.json
 {
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideModeError.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideModeError.ts
index 197b2db20ba20..84828c5dabb8e 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideModeError.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTripleSlashReferenceModeOverrideModeError.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // @noImplicitReferences: true
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: /node_modules/pkg/package.json
 {
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTypesVersionPackageExports.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTypesVersionPackageExports.ts
index 52cda091b3276..1cdaef53f2462 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTypesVersionPackageExports.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodeModulesTypesVersionPackageExports.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @outDir: out
 // @filename: index.ts
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodePackageSelfName.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodePackageSelfName.ts
index 099d9c424e13e..ec9dd150591ea 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodePackageSelfName.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodePackageSelfName.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: index.ts
 // esm format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodePackageSelfNameScoped.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodePackageSelfNameScoped.ts
index f4ef1e3798c7a..9e9eef3849610 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodePackageSelfNameScoped.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/node/nodePackageSelfNameScoped.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// @module: node12,nodenext
+// @module: node16,nodenext
 // @declaration: true
 // @filename: index.ts
 // esm format file
diff --git a/tests/cases/fourslash/autoImport_node12_node_modules1.ts b/tests/cases/fourslash/autoImport_node12_node_modules1.ts
index 5020f5809b456..80a9e1573113b 100644
--- a/tests/cases/fourslash/autoImport_node12_node_modules1.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/fourslash/autoImport_node12_node_modules1.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /// <reference path="fourslash.ts" />
 
-// @module: node12
+// @module: node16
 
 // @Filename: /node_modules/undici/index.d.ts
 //// export function request(): any;
diff --git a/tests/cases/fourslash/moduleNodeNextImportFix.ts b/tests/cases/fourslash/moduleNodeNextImportFix.ts
index 74edf7daff314..19b2aa291e191 100644
--- a/tests/cases/fourslash/moduleNodeNextImportFix.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/fourslash/moduleNodeNextImportFix.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 ////{
 ////    "compilerOptions": {
 ////        "outDir": "./dist",
-////        "module": "node12",
+////        "module": "node16",
 ////        "target": "esnext"
 ////    },
 ////    "include": ["./src"]
diff --git a/tests/cases/fourslash/refactorConvertToEsModule_module_node12.ts b/tests/cases/fourslash/refactorConvertToEsModule_module_node12.ts
index a7be99ba1572f..475fc0f5c5328 100644
--- a/tests/cases/fourslash/refactorConvertToEsModule_module_node12.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/fourslash/refactorConvertToEsModule_module_node12.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 // @allowJs: true
 // @target: esnext
-// @module: node12
+// @module: node16
 
 // @Filename: /a.js
 ////module.exports = 0;