diff --git a/lib/_stream_readable.js b/lib/_stream_readable.js
index 725cc2651873db..9bd09c3e4d61e4 100644
--- a/lib/_stream_readable.js
+++ b/lib/_stream_readable.js
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ const Stream = require('stream');
 const { Buffer } = require('buffer');
 const util = require('util');
 const debug = util.debuglog('stream');
-const BufferList = require('internal/streams/BufferList');
+const BufferList = require('internal/streams/buffer_list');
 const destroyImpl = require('internal/streams/destroy');
 const errors = require('internal/errors');
 var StringDecoder;
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js b/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js
index 39333f049f6c1a..919f577a8ec71a 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js
@@ -49,8 +49,9 @@ module.exports = Module;
 
 // these are below module.exports for the circular reference
 const asyncESM = require('internal/process/esm_loader');
-const ModuleJob = require('internal/modules/esm/ModuleJob');
-const createDynamicModule = require('internal/modules/esm/CreateDynamicModule');
+const ModuleJob = require('internal/modules/esm/module_job');
+const createDynamicModule = require(
+  'internal/modules/esm/create_dynamic_module');
 
 function stat(filename) {
   filename = path.toNamespacedPath(filename);
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/CreateDynamicModule.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/create_dynamic_module.js
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/internal/modules/esm/CreateDynamicModule.js
rename to lib/internal/modules/esm/create_dynamic_module.js
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/DefaultResolve.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/default_resolve.js
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/internal/modules/esm/DefaultResolve.js
rename to lib/internal/modules/esm/default_resolve.js
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/Loader.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/loader.js
similarity index 92%
rename from lib/internal/modules/esm/Loader.js
rename to lib/internal/modules/esm/loader.js
index 170fa23ec798ff..08acb603c2c712 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/Loader.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/loader.js
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 'use strict';
 
 const errors = require('internal/errors');
-const ModuleMap = require('internal/modules/esm/ModuleMap');
-const ModuleJob = require('internal/modules/esm/ModuleJob');
-const defaultResolve = require('internal/modules/esm/DefaultResolve');
-const createDynamicModule = require('internal/modules/esm/CreateDynamicModule');
-const translators = require('internal/modules/esm/Translators');
+const ModuleMap = require('internal/modules/esm/module_map');
+const ModuleJob = require('internal/modules/esm/module_job');
+const defaultResolve = require('internal/modules/esm/default_resolve');
+const createDynamicModule = require(
+  'internal/modules/esm/create_dynamic_module');
+const translators = require('internal/modules/esm/translators');
 
 const FunctionBind = Function.call.bind(Function.prototype.bind);
 
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/ModuleJob.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/module_job.js
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/internal/modules/esm/ModuleJob.js
rename to lib/internal/modules/esm/module_job.js
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/ModuleMap.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/module_map.js
similarity index 93%
rename from lib/internal/modules/esm/ModuleMap.js
rename to lib/internal/modules/esm/module_map.js
index 7f5ee8bf9e7762..04cd3227c32652 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/ModuleMap.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/module_map.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 'use strict';
 
-const ModuleJob = require('internal/modules/esm/ModuleJob');
+const ModuleJob = require('internal/modules/esm/module_job');
 const { SafeMap } = require('internal/safe_globals');
 const debug = require('util').debuglog('esm');
 const errors = require('internal/errors');
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/ModuleWrap.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/module_wrap.js
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/internal/modules/esm/ModuleWrap.js
rename to lib/internal/modules/esm/module_wrap.js
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/Translators.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/translators.js
similarity index 97%
rename from lib/internal/modules/esm/Translators.js
rename to lib/internal/modules/esm/translators.js
index 2928115be515e0..d181647c4505e8 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/Translators.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/translators.js
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ const {
 } = require('internal/modules/cjs/helpers');
 const CJSModule = require('internal/modules/cjs/loader');
 const internalURLModule = require('internal/url');
-const createDynamicModule = require('internal/modules/esm/CreateDynamicModule');
+const createDynamicModule = require(
+  'internal/modules/esm/create_dynamic_module');
 const fs = require('fs');
 const { _makeLong } = require('path');
 const { SafeMap } = require('internal/safe_globals');
diff --git a/lib/internal/process/esm_loader.js b/lib/internal/process/esm_loader.js
index ca2ce57feb54d8..36a3f4b342aafe 100644
--- a/lib/internal/process/esm_loader.js
+++ b/lib/internal/process/esm_loader.js
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ const {
 } = internalBinding('module_wrap');
 
 const { getURLFromFilePath } = require('internal/url');
-const Loader = require('internal/modules/esm/Loader');
+const Loader = require('internal/modules/esm/loader');
 const path = require('path');
 const { URL } = require('url');
 
diff --git a/lib/internal/streams/BufferList.js b/lib/internal/streams/buffer_list.js
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/internal/streams/BufferList.js
rename to lib/internal/streams/buffer_list.js
diff --git a/lib/internal/vm/Module.js b/lib/internal/vm/module.js
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/internal/vm/Module.js
rename to lib/internal/vm/module.js
diff --git a/lib/vm.js b/lib/vm.js
index 4da0d7c6c3c528..d79357413b3512 100644
--- a/lib/vm.js
+++ b/lib/vm.js
@@ -209,4 +209,4 @@ module.exports = {
 };
 
 if (process.binding('config').experimentalVMModules)
-  module.exports.Module = require('internal/vm/Module').Module;
+  module.exports.Module = require('internal/vm/module').Module;
diff --git a/node.gyp b/node.gyp
index b35aec31dbde82..e74ba156dff0c8 100644
--- a/node.gyp
+++ b/node.gyp
@@ -107,13 +107,13 @@
       'lib/internal/linkedlist.js',
       'lib/internal/modules/cjs/helpers.js',
       'lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js',
-      'lib/internal/modules/esm/Loader.js',
-      'lib/internal/modules/esm/CreateDynamicModule.js',
-      'lib/internal/modules/esm/DefaultResolve.js',
-      'lib/internal/modules/esm/ModuleJob.js',
-      'lib/internal/modules/esm/ModuleMap.js',
-      'lib/internal/modules/esm/ModuleWrap.js',
-      'lib/internal/modules/esm/Translators.js',
+      'lib/internal/modules/esm/loader.js',
+      'lib/internal/modules/esm/create_dynamic_module.js',
+      'lib/internal/modules/esm/default_resolve.js',
+      'lib/internal/modules/esm/module_job.js',
+      'lib/internal/modules/esm/module_map.js',
+      'lib/internal/modules/esm/module_wrap.js',
+      'lib/internal/modules/esm/translators.js',
       'lib/internal/safe_globals.js',
       'lib/internal/net.js',
       'lib/internal/os.js',
@@ -142,9 +142,9 @@
       'lib/internal/http2/util.js',
       'lib/internal/v8_prof_polyfill.js',
       'lib/internal/v8_prof_processor.js',
-      'lib/internal/vm/Module.js',
+      'lib/internal/vm/module.js',
       'lib/internal/streams/lazy_transform.js',
-      'lib/internal/streams/BufferList.js',
+      'lib/internal/streams/buffer_list.js',
       'lib/internal/streams/legacy.js',
       'lib/internal/streams/destroy.js',
       'lib/internal/wrap_js_stream.js',
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-esm-loader-modulemap.js b/test/es-module/test-esm-loader-modulemap.js
index e9faa6d9f122f4..ed21afaf984d16 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-esm-loader-modulemap.js
+++ b/test/es-module/test-esm-loader-modulemap.js
@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@
 const common = require('../common');
 
 const { URL } = require('url');
-const Loader = require('internal/modules/esm/Loader');
-const ModuleMap = require('internal/modules/esm/ModuleMap');
-const ModuleJob = require('internal/modules/esm/ModuleJob');
-const createDynamicModule = require('internal/modules/esm/CreateDynamicModule');
+const Loader = require('internal/modules/esm/loader');
+const ModuleMap = require('internal/modules/esm/module_map');
+const ModuleJob = require('internal/modules/esm/module_job');
+const createDynamicModule = require(
+  'internal/modules/esm/create_dynamic_module');
 
 const stubModuleUrl = new URL('file://tmp/test');
 const stubModule = createDynamicModule(['default'], stubModuleUrl);
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-esm-loader-search.js b/test/es-module/test-esm-loader-search.js
index 5a1f5a562a0d3e..3f8044a5785d5c 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-esm-loader-search.js
+++ b/test/es-module/test-esm-loader-search.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 const common = require('../common');
 
-const { search } = require('internal/modules/esm/DefaultResolve');
+const { search } = require('internal/modules/esm/default_resolve');
 const errors = require('internal/errors');
 
 common.expectsError(
diff --git a/test/message/esm_display_syntax_error.out b/test/message/esm_display_syntax_error.out
index 73c9495824038e..b82f8fc33428fa 100644
--- a/test/message/esm_display_syntax_error.out
+++ b/test/message/esm_display_syntax_error.out
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ file:///*/test/message/esm_display_syntax_error.mjs:3
 await async () => 0;
 ^^^^^
 SyntaxError: Unexpected reserved word
-    at translators.set (internal/modules/esm/Translators.js:*:*)
+    at translators.set (internal/modules/esm/translators.js:*:*)
     at <anonymous>
diff --git a/test/message/esm_display_syntax_error_import.out b/test/message/esm_display_syntax_error_import.out
index e257f0eb7a94e5..fc140f58d5b1c1 100644
--- a/test/message/esm_display_syntax_error_import.out
+++ b/test/message/esm_display_syntax_error_import.out
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ file:///*/test/message/esm_display_syntax_error_import.mjs:6
   notfound
   ^^^^^^^^
 SyntaxError: The requested module does not provide an export named 'notfound'
-    at ModuleJob._instantiate (internal/modules/esm/ModuleJob.js:*:*)
+    at ModuleJob._instantiate (internal/modules/esm/module_job.js:*:*)
     at <anonymous>
diff --git a/test/message/esm_display_syntax_error_import_module.out b/test/message/esm_display_syntax_error_import_module.out
index c6286a2a987282..40d66e7b1b546d 100644
--- a/test/message/esm_display_syntax_error_import_module.out
+++ b/test/message/esm_display_syntax_error_import_module.out
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ file:///*/test/fixtures/es-module-loaders/syntax-error-import.mjs:1
 import { foo, notfound } from './module-named-exports';
               ^^^^^^^^
 SyntaxError: The requested module does not provide an export named 'notfound'
-    at ModuleJob._instantiate (internal/modules/esm/ModuleJob.js:*:*)
+    at ModuleJob._instantiate (internal/modules/esm/module_job.js:*:*)
     at <anonymous>
diff --git a/test/message/esm_display_syntax_error_module.out b/test/message/esm_display_syntax_error_module.out
index 122e352102ad0f..0ab802f8ca95f0 100644
--- a/test/message/esm_display_syntax_error_module.out
+++ b/test/message/esm_display_syntax_error_module.out
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ file:///*/test/fixtures/es-module-loaders/syntax-error.mjs:2
 await async () => 0;
 ^^^^^
 SyntaxError: Unexpected reserved word
-    at translators.set (internal/modules/esm/Translators.js:*:*)
+    at translators.set (internal/modules/esm/translators.js:*:*)
     at <anonymous>
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-internal-module-map-asserts.js b/test/parallel/test-internal-module-map-asserts.js
index 330f04cfd96800..4563fc605e0792 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-internal-module-map-asserts.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-internal-module-map-asserts.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 const common = require('../common');
 const assert = require('assert');
-const ModuleMap = require('internal/modules/esm/ModuleMap');
+const ModuleMap = require('internal/modules/esm/module_map');
 
 // ModuleMap.get, ModuleMap.has and ModuleMap.set should only accept string
 // values as url argument.
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-internal-module-wrap.js b/test/parallel/test-internal-module-wrap.js
index 050cc18a4dbee6..631f69b5ebb626 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-internal-module-wrap.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-internal-module-wrap.js
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ const common = require('../common');
 common.crashOnUnhandledRejection();
 const assert = require('assert');
 
-const ModuleWrap = require('internal/modules/esm/ModuleWrap');
+const ModuleWrap = require('internal/modules/esm/module_wrap');
 const { getPromiseDetails, isPromise } = process.binding('util');
 const setTimeoutAsync = require('util').promisify(setTimeout);
 
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-stream-buffer-list.js b/test/parallel/test-stream-buffer-list.js
index 6ea359b458f61b..d7728d1171caa3 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-stream-buffer-list.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-stream-buffer-list.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 'use strict';
 require('../common');
 const assert = require('assert');
-const BufferList = require('internal/streams/BufferList');
+const BufferList = require('internal/streams/buffer_list');
 
 // Test empty buffer list.
 const emptyList = new BufferList();
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-stream2-readable-from-list.js b/test/parallel/test-stream2-readable-from-list.js
index 965f962638d586..f812f75e7ca8b5 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-stream2-readable-from-list.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-stream2-readable-from-list.js
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 require('../common');
 const assert = require('assert');
 const fromList = require('_stream_readable')._fromList;
-const BufferList = require('internal/streams/BufferList');
+const BufferList = require('internal/streams/buffer_list');
 
 function bufferListFromArray(arr) {
   const bl = new BufferList();