diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/load.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/load.js
index 5239bc8ed883a5..cb1c56cd7ff26f 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/load.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/load.js
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ const {
   ERR_UNSUPPORTED_ESM_URL_SCHEME,
 } = require('internal/errors').codes;
 
-const DATA_URL_PATTERN = /^[^/]+\/[^,;]+(?:[^,]*?)(;base64)?,([\s\S]*)$/;
+const DATA_URL_PATTERN = /^data:[^/#]+\/[^,;#]+(?:[^,#]*?)(;base64)?,([^#]*)/;
 
 /**
  * @param {URL} url URL to the module
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ async function getSource(url, context) {
     const { readFile: readFileAsync } = require('internal/fs/promises').exports;
     source = await readFileAsync(url);
   } else if (protocol === 'data:') {
-    const match = RegExpPrototypeExec(DATA_URL_PATTERN, url.pathname);
+    const match = RegExpPrototypeExec(DATA_URL_PATTERN, href);
     if (!match) {
       throw new ERR_INVALID_URL(responseURL);
     }
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ function getSourceSync(url, context) {
   if (protocol === 'file:') {
     source = readFileSync(url);
   } else if (protocol === 'data:') {
-    const match = RegExpPrototypeExec(DATA_URL_PATTERN, url.pathname);
+    const match = RegExpPrototypeExec(DATA_URL_PATTERN, href);
     if (!match) {
       throw new ERR_INVALID_URL(responseURL);
     }
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-esm-data-urls.js b/test/es-module/test-esm-data-urls.js
index 0817cf179df340..67fa1f69c3eba1 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-esm-data-urls.js
+++ b/test/es-module/test-esm-data-urls.js
@@ -112,4 +112,7 @@ function createBase64URL(mime, body) {
     const plainESMURL = `data:text/javascript,${encodeURIComponent(`import ${JSON.stringify(fixtures.fileURL('es-module-url', 'empty.js'))}`)}`;
     await import(plainESMURL);
   }
+  {
+    await import('data:text/javascript,\'?\'#~');
+  }
 })().then(common.mustCall());