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---
title: "Basic Genetics"
output:
html_document:
toc: true
toc_float: true
pdf_document:
toc: true
---
## What is Genetics?
**Genetics** is the study of how traits are passed from parents to children.
**Genomics** is the study of the entire genome and how it's used.
---
## What Makes Up Our Genome?
- Your genome is made of DNA and stored in 23 pairs of chromosomes.
- Humans have about 20,000 protein-coding genes.
- Genes give instructions to build proteins that form and repair our bodies.
---
## How Do We Study the Genome?
- Sequencing reads the 3 billion base pairs in your DNA.
- A full genome sequence can produce ~200 GB of data.
- A team of professionals interprets the results alongside clinical history.
---
## How Do We Get These Variants?
- You inherit one gene from each parent (2 copies in total).
- Most of your DNA is the same as others — but the small differences (variants) can matter.
- Some variants are harmless, while others may cause disease.
- For example, some variants give us our physical traits such as height.
