diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 6d9637088a..e20719b891 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -290,9 +290,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstream"
-version = "0.6.20"
+version = "0.6.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3ae563653d1938f79b1ab1b5e668c87c76a9930414574a6583a7b7e11a8e6192"
+checksum = "43d5b281e737544384e969a5ccad3f1cdd24b48086a0fc1b2a5262a26b8f4f4a"
 dependencies = [
  "anstyle",
  "anstyle-parse",
@@ -1175,7 +1175,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "polling 3.11.0",
  "rustix 1.1.2",
  "slab",
- "windows-sys 0.61.1",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1270,7 +1270,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "rustix 1.1.2",
  "signal-hook-registry",
  "slab",
- "windows-sys 0.61.1",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1946,9 +1946,9 @@ checksum = "e3b5ca7a04898ad4bcd41c90c5285445ff5b791899bb1b0abdd2a2aa791211d7"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytemuck"
-version = "1.23.2"
+version = "1.24.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3995eaeebcdf32f91f980d360f78732ddc061097ab4e39991ae7a6ace9194677"
+checksum = "1fbdf580320f38b612e485521afda1ee26d10cc9884efaaa750d383e13e3c5f4"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "byteorder"
@@ -2025,9 +2025,9 @@ checksum = "fd6c0e7b807d60291f42f33f58480c0bfafe28ed08286446f45e463728cf9c1c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
-version = "1.2.39"
+version = "1.2.40"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e1354349954c6fc9cb0deab020f27f783cf0b604e8bb754dc4658ecf0d29c35f"
+checksum = "e1d05d92f4b1fd76aad469d46cdd858ca761576082cd37df81416691e50199fb"
 dependencies = [
  "find-msvc-tools",
  "jobserver",
@@ -2365,9 +2365,9 @@ checksum = "2f421161cb492475f1661ddc9815a745a1c894592070661180fdec3d4872e9c3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "const_format"
-version = "0.2.34"
+version = "0.2.35"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "126f97965c8ad46d6d9163268ff28432e8f6a1196a55578867832e3049df63dd"
+checksum = "7faa7469a93a566e9ccc1c73fe783b4a65c274c5ace346038dca9c39fe0030ad"
 dependencies = [
  "const_format_proc_macros",
 ]
@@ -2761,7 +2761,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "cumulus-primitives-core",
  "futures",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "polkadot-node-primitives",
  "polkadot-node-subsystem",
  "polkadot-overseer",
@@ -2789,7 +2789,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "cumulus-relay-chain-interface",
  "futures",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "polkadot-node-primitives",
  "polkadot-node-subsystem",
  "polkadot-node-subsystem-util",
@@ -2878,7 +2878,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "cumulus-primitives-core",
  "cumulus-relay-chain-interface",
  "futures",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "sc-consensus",
  "sp-api",
  "sp-block-builder",
@@ -2901,7 +2901,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "futures-timer",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "polkadot-node-primitives",
  "polkadot-node-subsystem",
  "polkadot-parachain-primitives",
@@ -3610,7 +3610,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "hashbrown 0.14.5",
  "lock_api",
  "once_cell",
- "parking_lot_core 0.9.11",
+ "parking_lot_core 0.9.12",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4158,7 +4158,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "39cab71617ae0d63f51a36d69f866391735b51691dbda63cf6f96d042b63efeb"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "windows-sys 0.61.1",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4489,7 +4489,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "parity-db",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "sc-client-api",
  "sc-client-db",
  "smallvec",
@@ -4514,7 +4514,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "futures-timer",
  "log",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "sc-client-api",
  "sc-utils",
  "sp-api",
@@ -4678,15 +4678,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "num-traits",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "scale-info",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "find-msvc-tools"
-version = "0.1.2"
+version = "0.1.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1ced73b1dacfc750a6db6c0a0c3a3853c8b41997e2e2c563dc90804ae6867959"
+checksum = "0399f9d26e5191ce32c498bebd31e7a3ceabc2745f0ac54af3f335126c3f24b3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fixed-hash"
@@ -5368,7 +5368,7 @@ checksum = "1d930c203dd0b6ff06e0201a4a2fe9149b43c684fd4420555b26d21b1a02956f"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "lock_api",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5594,7 +5594,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-timer",
  "no-std-compat",
  "nonzero_ext",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "portable-atomic",
  "quanta",
  "rand 0.8.5",
@@ -5867,7 +5867,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ipconfig",
  "lru-cache",
  "once_cell",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "resolv-conf",
  "smallvec",
@@ -5888,7 +5888,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ipconfig",
  "moka",
  "once_cell",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "rand 0.9.2",
  "resolv-conf",
  "smallvec",
@@ -6118,7 +6118,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "log",
  "wasm-bindgen",
- "windows-core 0.62.1",
+ "windows-core 0.62.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6646,7 +6646,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "http-body 1.0.1",
  "http-body-util",
  "jsonrpsee-types",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "pin-project",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "rustc-hash 2.1.1",
@@ -6788,7 +6788,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "bf7a85fe66f9ff9cd74e169fdd2c94c6e1e74c412c99a73b4df3200b5d3760b2"
 dependencies = [
  "kvdb",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6799,7 +6799,7 @@ checksum = "b644c70b92285f66bfc2032922a79000ea30af7bc2ab31902992a5dcb9b434f6"
 dependencies = [
  "kvdb",
  "num_cpus",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "regex",
  "rocksdb",
  "smallvec",
@@ -6927,7 +6927,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "multihash 0.19.3",
  "multistream-select",
  "once_cell",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "pin-project",
  "quick-protobuf",
  "rand 0.8.5",
@@ -6951,7 +6951,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "hickory-resolver 0.24.4",
  "libp2p-core",
  "libp2p-identity",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "smallvec",
  "tracing",
 ]
@@ -7122,7 +7122,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "libp2p-core",
  "libp2p-identity",
  "libp2p-tls",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "quinn",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "ring 0.17.14",
@@ -7252,7 +7252,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-rustls",
  "libp2p-core",
  "libp2p-identity",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "rw-stream-sink",
  "soketto 0.8.1",
@@ -7285,7 +7285,7 @@ checksum = "416f7e718bdb06000964960ffa43b4335ad4012ae8b99060261aa4a8088d5ccb"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.9.4",
  "libc",
- "redox_syscall 0.5.17",
+ "redox_syscall 0.5.18",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -7468,7 +7468,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "multiaddr 0.17.1",
  "multihash 0.17.0",
  "network-interface",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "pin-project",
  "prost 0.13.5",
  "prost-build",
@@ -7497,11 +7497,10 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lock_api"
-version = "0.4.13"
+version = "0.4.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "96936507f153605bddfcda068dd804796c84324ed2510809e5b2a624c81da765"
+checksum = "224399e74b87b5f3557511d98dff8b14089b3dadafcab6bb93eab67d3aace965"
 dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
  "scopeguard",
 ]
 
@@ -7779,7 +7778,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "hashlink 0.8.4",
  "lioness",
  "log",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
  "rand_distr",
@@ -7858,7 +7857,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-epoch",
  "crossbeam-utils",
  "equivalent",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "portable-atomic",
  "rustc_version 0.4.1",
  "smallvec",
@@ -10684,6 +10683,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "subtensor-runtime-common",
  "subtensor-swap-interface",
  "tle",
+ "tracing",
+ "tracing-log",
+ "tracing-subscriber 0.3.20",
  "w3f-bls 0.1.3",
 ]
 
@@ -11142,7 +11144,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "lz4",
  "memmap2 0.5.10",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "siphasher 0.3.11",
  "snap",
@@ -11203,12 +11205,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "parking_lot"
-version = "0.12.4"
+version = "0.12.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "70d58bf43669b5795d1576d0641cfb6fbb2057bf629506267a92807158584a13"
+checksum = "93857453250e3077bd71ff98b6a65ea6621a19bb0f559a85248955ac12c45a1a"
 dependencies = [
  "lock_api",
- "parking_lot_core 0.9.11",
+ "parking_lot_core 0.9.12",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -11227,15 +11229,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "parking_lot_core"
-version = "0.9.11"
+version = "0.9.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bc838d2a56b5b1a6c25f55575dfc605fabb63bb2365f6c2353ef9159aa69e4a5"
+checksum = "2621685985a2ebf1c516881c026032ac7deafcda1a2c9b7850dc81e3dfcb64c1"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "libc",
- "redox_syscall 0.5.17",
+ "redox_syscall 0.5.18",
  "smallvec",
- "windows-targets 0.52.6",
+ "windows-link",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -11305,20 +11307,19 @@ checksum = "9b4f627cb1b25917193a259e49bdad08f671f8d9708acfd5fe0a8c1455d87220"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pest"
-version = "2.8.2"
+version = "2.8.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "21e0a3a33733faeaf8651dfee72dd0f388f0c8e5ad496a3478fa5a922f49cfa8"
+checksum = "989e7521a040efde50c3ab6bbadafbe15ab6dc042686926be59ac35d74607df4"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
- "thiserror 2.0.17",
  "ucd-trie",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pest_derive"
-version = "2.8.2"
+version = "2.8.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bc58706f770acb1dbd0973e6530a3cff4746fb721207feb3a8a6064cd0b6c663"
+checksum = "187da9a3030dbafabbbfb20cb323b976dc7b7ce91fcd84f2f74d6e31d378e2de"
 dependencies = [
  "pest",
  "pest_generator",
@@ -11326,9 +11327,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pest_generator"
-version = "2.8.2"
+version = "2.8.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6d4f36811dfe07f7b8573462465d5cb8965fffc2e71ae377a33aecf14c2c9a2f"
+checksum = "49b401d98f5757ebe97a26085998d6c0eecec4995cad6ab7fc30ffdf4b052843"
 dependencies = [
  "pest",
  "pest_meta",
@@ -11339,9 +11340,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pest_meta"
-version = "2.8.2"
+version = "2.8.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "42919b05089acbd0a5dcd5405fb304d17d1053847b81163d09c4ad18ce8e8420"
+checksum = "72f27a2cfee9f9039c4d86faa5af122a0ac3851441a34865b8a043b46be0065a"
 dependencies = [
  "pest",
  "sha2 0.10.9",
@@ -11641,7 +11642,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "fatality",
  "futures",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "polkadot-node-metrics",
  "polkadot-node-network-protocol",
  "polkadot-node-subsystem",
@@ -12096,7 +12097,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "kvdb",
  "parity-db",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "polkadot-erasure-coding",
  "polkadot-node-metrics",
  "polkadot-node-network-protocol",
@@ -12623,7 +12624,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "pallet-transaction-payment-rpc-runtime-api",
  "parity-db",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "polkadot-approval-distribution",
  "polkadot-availability-bitfield-distribution",
  "polkadot-availability-distribution",
@@ -12939,7 +12940,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "hermit-abi 0.5.2",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "rustix 1.1.2",
- "windows-sys 0.61.1",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -13234,7 +13235,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "fnv",
  "lazy_static",
  "memchr",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "thiserror 1.0.69",
 ]
 
@@ -13246,7 +13247,7 @@ checksum = "504ee9ff529add891127c4827eb481bd69dc0ebc72e9a682e187db4caa60c3ca"
 dependencies = [
  "dtoa",
  "itoa",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "prometheus-client-derive-encode",
 ]
 
@@ -13358,9 +13359,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "psm"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6e944464ec8536cd1beb0bbfd96987eb5e3b72f2ecdafdc5c769a37f1fa2ae1f"
+checksum = "e66fcd288453b748497d8fb18bccc83a16b0518e3906d4b8df0a8d42d93dbb1c"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
 ]
@@ -13632,9 +13633,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_syscall"
-version = "0.5.17"
+version = "0.5.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5407465600fb0548f1442edf71dd20683c6ed326200ace4b1ef0763521bb3b77"
+checksum = "ed2bf2547551a7053d6fdfafda3f938979645c44812fbfcda098faae3f1a362d"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.9.4",
 ]
@@ -14136,7 +14137,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "errno",
  "libc",
  "linux-raw-sys 0.11.0",
- "windows-sys 0.61.1",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -14232,9 +14233,9 @@ checksum = "b39cdef0fa800fc44525c84ccb54a029961a8215f9619753635a9c0d2538d46d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rusty-fork"
-version = "0.3.0"
+version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cb3dcc6e454c328bb824492db107ab7c0ae8fcffe4ad210136ef014458c1bc4f"
+checksum = "cc6bf79ff24e648f6da1f8d1f011e9cac26491b619e6b9280f2b47f1774e6ee2"
 dependencies = [
  "fnv",
  "quick-error",
@@ -14493,7 +14494,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "log",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "sc-executor",
  "sc-transaction-pool-api",
  "sc-utils",
@@ -14523,7 +14524,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "parity-db",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "sc-client-api",
  "sc-state-db",
  "schnellru",
@@ -14547,7 +14548,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "log",
  "mockall",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "sc-client-api",
  "sc-network-types",
  "sc-utils",
@@ -14603,7 +14604,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-rational",
  "num-traits",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "sc-client-api",
  "sc-consensus",
  "sc-consensus-epochs",
@@ -14659,7 +14660,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "log",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "sc-client-api",
  "sc-consensus",
  "sc-network",
@@ -14691,7 +14692,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "jsonrpsee",
  "log",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "sc-consensus-beefy",
  "sc-rpc",
  "serde",
@@ -14730,7 +14731,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-timer",
  "log",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "sc-block-builder",
  "sc-chain-spec",
@@ -14843,7 +14844,7 @@ version = "0.43.0"
 source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "sc-executor-common",
  "sc-executor-polkavm",
  "sc-executor-wasmtime",
@@ -14891,7 +14892,7 @@ source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "log",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "rustix 0.36.17",
  "sc-allocator",
  "sc-executor-common",
@@ -14922,7 +14923,7 @@ version = "36.0.0"
 source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "serde_json",
  "sp-application-crypto",
  "sp-core",
@@ -14944,7 +14945,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "mixnet",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "sc-client-api",
  "sc-network",
  "sc-network-types",
@@ -14980,7 +14981,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "mockall",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "partial_sort",
  "pin-project",
  "prost 0.12.6",
@@ -15169,7 +15170,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "num_cpus",
  "once_cell",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "rustls",
  "sc-client-api",
@@ -15205,7 +15206,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "jsonrpsee",
  "log",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "sc-block-builder",
  "sc-chain-spec",
  "sc-client-api",
@@ -15285,7 +15286,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "jsonrpsee",
  "log",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "sc-chain-spec",
  "sc-client-api",
@@ -15333,7 +15334,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "jsonrpsee",
  "log",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "pin-project",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "sc-chain-spec",
@@ -15391,7 +15392,7 @@ source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "sp-core",
 ]
 
@@ -15402,7 +15403,7 @@ source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "parity-db",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "sc-client-api",
  "sc-keystore",
  "sp-api",
@@ -15475,7 +15476,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "libp2p",
  "log",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "pin-project",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "sc-utils",
@@ -15496,7 +15497,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "log",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "rustc-hash 1.1.0",
  "sc-client-api",
  "sc-tracing-proc-macro",
@@ -15536,7 +15537,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "linked-hash-map",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "sc-client-api",
  "sc-transaction-pool-api",
  "sc-utils",
@@ -15581,7 +15582,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "futures-timer",
  "log",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "prometheus",
  "sp-arithmetic",
 ]
@@ -15727,7 +15728,7 @@ version = "0.1.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "891d81b926048e76efe18581bf793546b4c0eaf8448d72be8de2bbee5fd166e1"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys 0.61.1",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -16072,15 +16073,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_with"
-version = "3.14.1"
+version = "3.15.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c522100790450cf78eeac1507263d0a350d4d5b30df0c8e1fe051a10c22b376e"
+checksum = "6093cd8c01b25262b84927e0f7151692158fab02d961e04c979d3903eba7ecc5"
 dependencies = [
  "base64 0.22.1",
  "chrono",
  "hex",
- "serde",
- "serde_derive",
+ "serde_core",
  "serde_json",
  "serde_with_macros",
  "time",
@@ -16088,9 +16088,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_with_macros"
-version = "3.14.1"
+version = "3.15.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "327ada00f7d64abaac1e55a6911e90cf665aa051b9a561c7006c157f4633135e"
+checksum = "a7e6c180db0816026a61afa1cff5344fb7ebded7e4d3062772179f2501481c27"
 dependencies = [
  "darling 0.21.3",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -16462,7 +16462,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "lru 0.11.1",
  "no-std-net",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "pin-project",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
@@ -16498,7 +16498,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "itertools 0.13.0",
  "log",
  "lru 0.12.5",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "pin-project",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
@@ -16718,7 +16718,7 @@ source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "schnellru",
  "sp-api",
  "sp-consensus",
@@ -16850,7 +16850,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "merlin",
  "parity-bip39",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "paste",
  "primitive-types 0.13.1",
  "rand 0.8.5",
@@ -16937,7 +16937,7 @@ version = "10.0.0"
 source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
 dependencies = [
  "kvdb",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -17027,7 +17027,7 @@ version = "0.43.0"
 source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "sp-core",
  "sp-externalities",
 ]
@@ -17217,7 +17217,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "hash-db",
  "log",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "smallvec",
  "sp-core",
@@ -17328,7 +17328,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "memory-db",
  "nohash-hasher",
  "parity-scale-codec",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "scale-info",
  "schnellru",
@@ -17680,8 +17680,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags 1.3.2",
  "cfg_aliases 0.2.1",
  "libc",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
- "parking_lot_core 0.9.11",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
+ "parking_lot_core 0.9.12",
  "static_init_macro",
  "winapi",
 ]
@@ -18382,7 +18382,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "getrandom 0.3.3",
  "once_cell",
  "rustix 1.1.2",
- "windows-sys 0.61.1",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -18619,7 +18619,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "io-uring",
  "libc",
  "mio",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "signal-hook-registry",
  "slab",
@@ -18909,7 +18909,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "matchers",
  "nu-ansi-term",
  "once_cell",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "regex-automata",
  "sharded-slab",
  "smallvec",
@@ -19056,9 +19056,9 @@ checksum = "f6ccf251212114b54433ec949fd6a7841275f9ada20dddd2f29e9ceea4501493"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-width"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4a1a07cc7db3810833284e8d372ccdc6da29741639ecc70c9ec107df0fa6154c"
+checksum = "b4ac048d71ede7ee76d585517add45da530660ef4390e49b098733c6e897f254"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-xid"
@@ -19795,14 +19795,14 @@ version = "0.26.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "75c7f0ef91146ebfb530314f5f1d24528d7f0767efbfd31dce919275413e393e"
 dependencies = [
- "webpki-root-certs 1.0.2",
+ "webpki-root-certs 1.0.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "webpki-root-certs"
-version = "1.0.2"
+version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4e4ffd8df1c57e87c325000a3d6ef93db75279dc3a231125aac571650f22b12a"
+checksum = "05d651ec480de84b762e7be71e6efa7461699c19d9e2c272c8d93455f567786e"
 dependencies = [
  "rustls-pki-types",
 ]
@@ -19974,7 +19974,7 @@ version = "0.1.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c2a7b1c03c876122aa43f3020e6c3c3ee5c05081c9a00739faf7503aeba10d22"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys 0.61.1",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -20024,22 +20024,22 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-core"
-version = "0.62.1"
+version = "0.62.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6844ee5416b285084d3d3fffd743b925a6c9385455f64f6d4fa3031c4c2749a9"
+checksum = "b8e83a14d34d0623b51dce9581199302a221863196a1dde71a7663a4c2be9deb"
 dependencies = [
  "windows-implement",
  "windows-interface",
  "windows-link",
- "windows-result 0.4.0",
+ "windows-result 0.4.1",
  "windows-strings",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-implement"
-version = "0.60.1"
+version = "0.60.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "edb307e42a74fb6de9bf3a02d9712678b22399c87e6fa869d6dfcd8c1b7754e0"
+checksum = "053e2e040ab57b9dc951b72c264860db7eb3b0200ba345b4e4c3b14f67855ddf"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -20048,9 +20048,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-interface"
-version = "0.59.2"
+version = "0.59.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c0abd1ddbc6964ac14db11c7213d6532ef34bd9aa042c2e5935f59d7908b46a5"
+checksum = "3f316c4a2570ba26bbec722032c4099d8c8bc095efccdc15688708623367e358"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -20059,9 +20059,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-link"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "45e46c0661abb7180e7b9c281db115305d49ca1709ab8242adf09666d2173c65"
+checksum = "f0805222e57f7521d6a62e36fa9163bc891acd422f971defe97d64e70d0a4fe5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-result"
@@ -20074,18 +20074,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-result"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7084dcc306f89883455a206237404d3eaf961e5bd7e0f312f7c91f57eb44167f"
+checksum = "7781fa89eaf60850ac3d2da7af8e5242a5ea78d1a11c49bf2910bb5a73853eb5"
 dependencies = [
  "windows-link",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-strings"
-version = "0.5.0"
+version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7218c655a553b0bed4426cf54b20d7ba363ef543b52d515b3e48d7fd55318dda"
+checksum = "7837d08f69c77cf6b07689544538e017c1bfcf57e34b4c0ff58e6c2cd3b37091"
 dependencies = [
  "windows-link",
 ]
@@ -20132,14 +20132,14 @@ version = "0.60.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f2f500e4d28234f72040990ec9d39e3a6b950f9f22d3dba18416c35882612bcb"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-targets 0.53.4",
+ "windows-targets 0.53.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
-version = "0.61.1"
+version = "0.61.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6f109e41dd4a3c848907eb83d5a42ea98b3769495597450cf6d153507b166f0f"
+checksum = "ae137229bcbd6cdf0f7b80a31df61766145077ddf49416a728b02cb3921ff3fc"
 dependencies = [
  "windows-link",
 ]
@@ -20192,19 +20192,19 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-targets"
-version = "0.53.4"
+version = "0.53.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2d42b7b7f66d2a06854650af09cfdf8713e427a439c97ad65a6375318033ac4b"
+checksum = "4945f9f551b88e0d65f3db0bc25c33b8acea4d9e41163edf90dcd0b19f9069f3"
 dependencies = [
  "windows-link",
- "windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.53.0",
- "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.53.0",
- "windows_i686_gnu 0.53.0",
- "windows_i686_gnullvm 0.53.0",
- "windows_i686_msvc 0.53.0",
- "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.53.0",
- "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.53.0",
- "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.53.0",
+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.53.1",
+ "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.53.1",
+ "windows_i686_gnu 0.53.1",
+ "windows_i686_gnullvm 0.53.1",
+ "windows_i686_msvc 0.53.1",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.53.1",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.53.1",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.53.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -20227,9 +20227,9 @@ checksum = "32a4622180e7a0ec044bb555404c800bc9fd9ec262ec147edd5989ccd0c02cd3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
-version = "0.53.0"
+version = "0.53.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "86b8d5f90ddd19cb4a147a5fa63ca848db3df085e25fee3cc10b39b6eebae764"
+checksum = "a9d8416fa8b42f5c947f8482c43e7d89e73a173cead56d044f6a56104a6d1b53"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
@@ -20251,9 +20251,9 @@ checksum = "09ec2a7bb152e2252b53fa7803150007879548bc709c039df7627cabbd05d469"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
-version = "0.53.0"
+version = "0.53.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c7651a1f62a11b8cbd5e0d42526e55f2c99886c77e007179efff86c2b137e66c"
+checksum = "b9d782e804c2f632e395708e99a94275910eb9100b2114651e04744e9b125006"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_gnu"
@@ -20275,9 +20275,9 @@ checksum = "8e9b5ad5ab802e97eb8e295ac6720e509ee4c243f69d781394014ebfe8bbfa0b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_gnu"
-version = "0.53.0"
+version = "0.53.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c1dc67659d35f387f5f6c479dc4e28f1d4bb90ddd1a5d3da2e5d97b42d6272c3"
+checksum = "960e6da069d81e09becb0ca57a65220ddff016ff2d6af6a223cf372a506593a3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_gnullvm"
@@ -20287,9 +20287,9 @@ checksum = "0eee52d38c090b3caa76c563b86c3a4bd71ef1a819287c19d586d7334ae8ed66"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_gnullvm"
-version = "0.53.0"
+version = "0.53.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9ce6ccbdedbf6d6354471319e781c0dfef054c81fbc7cf83f338a4296c0cae11"
+checksum = "fa7359d10048f68ab8b09fa71c3daccfb0e9b559aed648a8f95469c27057180c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_msvc"
@@ -20311,9 +20311,9 @@ checksum = "240948bc05c5e7c6dabba28bf89d89ffce3e303022809e73deaefe4f6ec56c66"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_msvc"
-version = "0.53.0"
+version = "0.53.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "581fee95406bb13382d2f65cd4a908ca7b1e4c2f1917f143ba16efe98a589b5d"
+checksum = "1e7ac75179f18232fe9c285163565a57ef8d3c89254a30685b57d83a38d326c2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
@@ -20335,9 +20335,9 @@ checksum = "147a5c80aabfbf0c7d901cb5895d1de30ef2907eb21fbbab29ca94c5b08b1a78"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
-version = "0.53.0"
+version = "0.53.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2e55b5ac9ea33f2fc1716d1742db15574fd6fc8dadc51caab1c16a3d3b4190ba"
+checksum = "9c3842cdd74a865a8066ab39c8a7a473c0778a3f29370b5fd6b4b9aa7df4a499"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
@@ -20359,9 +20359,9 @@ checksum = "24d5b23dc417412679681396f2b49f3de8c1473deb516bd34410872eff51ed0d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
-version = "0.53.0"
+version = "0.53.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0a6e035dd0599267ce1ee132e51c27dd29437f63325753051e71dd9e42406c57"
+checksum = "0ffa179e2d07eee8ad8f57493436566c7cc30ac536a3379fdf008f47f6bb7ae1"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
@@ -20383,9 +20383,9 @@ checksum = "589f6da84c646204747d1270a2a5661ea66ed1cced2631d546fdfb155959f9ec"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
-version = "0.53.0"
+version = "0.53.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "271414315aff87387382ec3d271b52d7ae78726f5d44ac98b4f4030c91880486"
+checksum = "d6bbff5f0aada427a1e5a6da5f1f98158182f26556f345ac9e04d36d0ebed650"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winnow"
@@ -20543,7 +20543,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "log",
  "nohash-hasher",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "pin-project",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "static_assertions",
@@ -20558,7 +20558,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "log",
  "nohash-hasher",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.5",
  "pin-project",
  "rand 0.9.2",
  "static_assertions",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 1d1a144bd9..6a39a3dd36 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -91,6 +91,9 @@ serde_bytes = { version = "0.11.14", default-features = false }
 serde_json = { version = "1.0.141", default-features = false }
 serde_with = { version = "3.14.0", default-features = false }
 smallvec = "1.13.2"
+tracing = "0.1"
+tracing-log = "0.2"
+tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3" }
 litep2p = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/litep2p", tag = "v0.7.0", default-features = false }
 syn = { version = "2.0.106", default-features = false }
 quote = { version = "1", default-features = false }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml b/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml
index bb53aa8af7..35601fe875 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml
@@ -68,6 +68,9 @@ rand.workspace = true
 sp-core.workspace = true
 sp-std.workspace = true
 pallet-preimage.workspace = true
+tracing.workspace = true
+tracing-log.workspace = true
+tracing-subscriber = { workspace = true, features = ["fmt", "env-filter"] }
 
 [features]
 try-runtime = [
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c95857346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,657 @@
+#![allow(
+    clippy::arithmetic_side_effects,
+    clippy::indexing_slicing,
+    clippy::unwrap_used
+)]
+
+// Run all tests
+// cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::epoch_logs --show-output
+
+use super::mock::*;
+use crate::*;
+use frame_support::assert_ok;
+use sp_core::U256;
+use std::io::{Result as IoResult, Write};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, MechId};
+use tracing_subscriber::{EnvFilter, layer::SubscriberExt};
+
+const NETUID: u16 = 1;
+const TEMPO: u16 = 10;
+const ACTIVITY_CUTOFF: u16 = 10;
+// Coldkey is irrelevant for epoch because it operates only hotkeys. Nominators' stake is distributed downstream
+// We can use a single coldkey for all tests here.
+const COLDKEY: u16 = 9876;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct Neuron {
+    uid: u16,
+    hotkey: U256,
+    validator: bool,
+    alpha_stake: u64,
+    registration_block: u64,
+    last_update: u64,
+}
+
+impl Neuron {
+    fn new(
+        uid: u16,
+        hotkey: u16,
+        validator: bool,
+        alpha_stake: u64,
+        registration_block: u64,
+        last_update: u64,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Neuron {
+            uid,
+            hotkey: U256::from(hotkey),
+            validator,
+            alpha_stake,
+            registration_block,
+            last_update,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn setup_epoch(neurons: Vec<Neuron>, mechanism_count: u8) {
+    let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
+
+    // Setup subnet parameters
+    NetworksAdded::<Test>::insert(netuid, true);
+    let network_n = neurons.len() as u16;
+    SubnetworkN::<Test>::insert(netuid, network_n);
+    ActivityCutoff::<Test>::insert(netuid, ACTIVITY_CUTOFF);
+    Tempo::<Test>::insert(netuid, TEMPO);
+    SubtensorModule::set_weights_set_rate_limit(netuid, 0);
+    MechanismCountCurrent::<Test>::insert(netuid, MechId::from(mechanism_count));
+
+    // Setup neurons
+    let mut last_update_vec: Vec<u64> = Vec::new();
+    let mut permit_vec: Vec<bool> = Vec::new();
+    neurons.iter().for_each(|neuron| {
+        let hotkey = U256::from(neuron.hotkey);
+
+        Keys::<Test>::insert(netuid, neuron.uid, hotkey);
+        Uids::<Test>::insert(netuid, hotkey, neuron.uid);
+        BlockAtRegistration::<Test>::insert(netuid, neuron.uid, neuron.registration_block);
+        last_update_vec.push(neuron.last_update);
+        permit_vec.push(neuron.validator);
+
+        // Setup stake
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &U256::from(COLDKEY),
+            netuid,
+            AlphaCurrency::from(neuron.alpha_stake),
+        );
+    });
+
+    ValidatorPermit::<Test>::insert(netuid, permit_vec);
+    for m in 0..mechanism_count {
+        let netuid_index = SubtensorModule::get_mechanism_storage_index(netuid, m.into());
+        LastUpdate::<Test>::insert(netuid_index, last_update_vec.clone());
+    }
+}
+
+fn set_weights(netuid: NetUid, weights: Vec<Vec<u16>>, indices: Vec<u16>) {
+    for (uid, weight) in weights.iter().enumerate() {
+        let hotkey = Keys::<Test>::get(netuid, uid as u16);
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_weights(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(hotkey),
+            netuid,
+            indices.clone(),
+            weight.to_vec(),
+            0
+        ));
+    }
+}
+
+/// Write sparse weight rows **for a specific mechanism**.
+/// `rows` is a list of `(validator_uid, row)` where `row` is `[(dest_uid, weight_u16)]`.
+fn set_weights_for_mech(netuid: NetUid, mecid: MechId, rows: Vec<(u16, Vec<(u16, u16)>)>) {
+    let netuid_index = SubtensorModule::get_mechanism_storage_index(netuid, mecid);
+    for (uid, sparse_row) in rows {
+        Weights::<Test>::insert(netuid_index, uid, sparse_row);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Run `f` with a per-thread subscriber configured by `spec` and
+/// return the captured log text.
+pub fn with_log_capture<F, R>(spec: &str, f: F) -> String
+where
+    F: FnOnce() -> R,
+{
+    // ensure log::... is bridged to tracing (no-op if already set)
+    let _ = tracing_log::LogTracer::init();
+
+    // Shared buffer we'll write logs into
+    let buf: Arc<Mutex<Vec<u8>>> = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+    struct Buf(Arc<Mutex<Vec<u8>>>);
+    impl Write for Buf {
+        fn write(&mut self, b: &[u8]) -> IoResult<usize> {
+            let mut g = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+            g.extend_from_slice(b);
+            Ok(b.len())
+        }
+        fn flush(&mut self) -> IoResult<()> {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Formatting layer that writes into our buffer
+    let fmt_layer = tracing_subscriber::fmt::layer()
+        .with_ansi(false)
+        .with_target(true)
+        .with_level(true)
+        .without_time()
+        .with_writer({
+            let buf = buf.clone();
+            move || Buf(buf.clone())
+        });
+
+    // Parse filter spec (full RUST_LOG syntax). Fall back to "off" on error.
+    let filter = EnvFilter::try_new(spec).unwrap_or_else(|_| EnvFilter::new("off"));
+
+    // Build the per-thread subscriber
+    let sub = tracing_subscriber::registry().with(filter).with(fmt_layer);
+
+    // Activate just for this thread/scope and run the code
+    tracing::subscriber::with_default(sub, f);
+
+    // Collect captured text
+    let mut g = buf.lock().unwrap();
+    String::from_utf8(std::mem::take(&mut *g)).unwrap_or_default()
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_simple() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                //          uid  hotkey   vali            stake    reg   upd
+                Neuron::new(  0,      1,  true,   1_000_000_000,     0,    1 ),
+                Neuron::new(  1,      2,  true,   1_000_000_000,     0,    1 ),
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            // Run epoch, watch logs
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(NetUid::from(NETUID), MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+
+        assert!(has("Number of Neurons in Network: 2"));
+        assert!(has("Inactive: [false, false]"));
+        assert!(has("Block at registration: [0, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("alpha_stake: [1000000000, 1000000000]"));
+        assert!(has("Filtered stake: [1000000000, 1000000000]"));
+        assert!(has("Normalised Stake: [0.5, 0.5]"));
+        assert!(has("validator_permits: [true, true]"));
+        assert!(has("new_validator_permits: [true, true]"));
+        assert!(has("Active Stake: [0.5, 0.5]"));
+        assert!(has("Consensus: [0, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("Normalized Validator Emission: [0.5, 0.5]"));
+        assert!(has("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.5, 0.5]"));
+        assert!(has(
+            "Combined Emission: [AlphaCurrency(500000000), AlphaCurrency(500000000)]"
+        ));
+        assert!(has("Pruning Scores: [0.5, 0.5]"));
+        assert!(!has("math error:"));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_bad_permit_vector() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                //          uid  hotkey   vali            stake    reg   upd
+                Neuron::new(  0,      1,  true,   1_000_000_000,     0,    1 ),
+                Neuron::new(  1,      2,  true,   1_000_000_000,     0,    1 ),
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+            ValidatorPermit::<Test>::insert(NetUid::from(NETUID), vec![true]);
+
+            // Run epoch, watch logs
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(NetUid::from(NETUID), MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+
+        assert!(has(
+            "math error: inplace_mask_vector input lengths are not equal"
+        ));
+        assert!(has(
+            "Validator Emission: [AlphaCurrency(1000000000), AlphaCurrency(0)]"
+        ));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_inactive_mask_zeroes_active_stake() {
+    // Big block so updated + activity_cutoff < current_block
+    new_test_ext(1_000_000).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                //          uid  hotkey  vali   stake          reg  upd
+                Neuron::new(  0,     11, true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   0 ),
+                Neuron::new(  1,     22, true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   0 ),
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(NetUid::from(NETUID), MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+        assert!(has("Number of Neurons in Network: 2"));
+        assert!(has("Inactive: [true, true]"));
+        // After masking + renormalizing, both entries are zero.
+        assert!(has("Active Stake: [0, 0]"));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_validator_permit_masks_active_stake() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                //          uid  hotkey  vali   stake          reg  upd
+                Neuron::new(  0,     11, true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   1 ),
+                Neuron::new(  1,     22, true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   1 ),
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            // Forbid validator #1
+            let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
+            ValidatorPermit::<Test>::insert(netuid, vec![true, false]);
+
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+        assert!(has("validator_permits: [true, false]"));
+        // After masking and renormalizing, only the first stays: [1, 0]
+        assert!(logs.contains("Active Stake: [1, 0]"));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn yuma_emergency_mode() {
+    // Large block so everyone is inactive (updated + cutoff < current_block)
+    new_test_ext(1_000_000).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                //          uid  hotkey  vali   stake          reg  upd
+                Neuron::new(  0,     11, true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   0 ),
+                Neuron::new(  1,     22, true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   0 ),
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            // No weights needed; keep defaults empty to make ranks/dividends zero.
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(NetUid::from(NETUID), MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+        assert!(has("Inactive: [true, true]"));
+        // Because emission_sum == 0 and active_stake == 0, we expect fallback to normalized stake.
+        assert!(has("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.5, 0.5]"));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn epoch_uses_active_stake_when_nonzero_active() {
+    new_test_ext(1000).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                //          uid  hotkey  vali   stake          reg  upd
+                Neuron::new(  0,     11, true,  1_000_000_000,  0,  999 ), // active
+                Neuron::new(  1,     22, true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   1  ), // inactive
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(NetUid::from(NETUID), MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+        assert!(has("Inactive: [false, true]"));
+        // With ranks/dividends zero, fallback should mirror active_stake ~ [1, 0].
+        assert!(has("Active Stake: [1, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("Normalized Combined Emission: [1, 0]"));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn epoch_topk_validator_permits() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                //          uid  hotkey  vali   stake          reg  upd
+                Neuron::new(  0,     11, true,  2_000_000_000,  0,   1 ),
+                Neuron::new(  1,     22, true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   1 ),
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            // K = 1 (one validator allowed)
+            let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
+            MaxAllowedValidators::<Test>::insert(netuid, 1u16);
+
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+        assert!(
+            has("Normalised Stake: [0.666"),
+            "sanity: asymmetric stake normalized"
+        );
+        assert!(has("max_allowed_validators: 1"));
+        assert!(has("new_validator_permits: [true, false]"));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn epoch_yuma3_bonds_pipeline() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                Neuron::new(0, 11, true, 1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+                Neuron::new(1, 22, true, 1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
+            Yuma3On::<Test>::insert(netuid, true);
+
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+        // These appear only in the Yuma3 branch:
+        assert!(has("Bonds: "));
+        assert!(has("emaB: ["));
+        assert!(has("emaB norm: "));
+        assert!(has("total_bonds_per_validator: "));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn epoch_original_yuma_bonds_pipeline() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                Neuron::new(0, 11, true, 1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+                Neuron::new(1, 22, true, 1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
+            Yuma3On::<Test>::insert(netuid, false);
+
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+        // These strings are present in the non-Yuma3 branch:
+        assert!(has("B (outdatedmask): "));
+        assert!(has("ΔB (norm): "));
+        assert!(has("Exponential Moving Average Bonds: "));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_validators_weight_two_distinct_servers() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                //           uid  hotkey  vali    stake          reg  upd
+                Neuron::new(  0,     11,  true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   1 ), // validator
+                Neuron::new(  1,     22,  true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   1 ), // validator
+                Neuron::new(  2,     33,  true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   1 ), // validator
+                Neuron::new(  3,     44, false,  0,              0,   1 ), // server
+                Neuron::new(  4,     55, false,  0,              0,   1 ), // server
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
+
+            // rows are per-validator; columns correspond to server UIDs [3, 4]
+            // V0 -> [MAX, 0] (server 3)
+            // V1 -> [0, MAX] (server 4)
+            // V2 -> [MAX, 0] (server 3)
+            CommitRevealWeightsEnabled::<Test>::insert(netuid, false);
+            set_weights(
+                netuid,
+                vec![vec![u16::MAX, 0], vec![0, u16::MAX], vec![u16::MAX, 0]],
+                vec![3, 4],
+            );
+
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+
+        // topology sanity
+        assert!(has("Number of Neurons in Network: 5"));
+        assert!(has("validator_permits: [true, true, true, false, false]"));
+
+        // weight pipeline exercised
+        assert!(has("Weights: [[(3, 65535), (4, 0)], [(3, 0), (4, 65535)], [(3, 65535), (4, 0)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(has("Weights (permit): [[(3, 65535), (4, 0)], [(3, 0), (4, 65535)], [(3, 65535), (4, 0)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(has("Weights (permit+diag): [[(3, 65535), (4, 0)], [(3, 0), (4, 65535)], [(3, 65535), (4, 0)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(has("Weights (mask+norm): [[(3, 1), (4, 0)], [(3, 0), (4, 1)], [(3, 1), (4, 0)], [], []]"));
+
+        // downstream signals present
+        assert!(has("Ranks (before): [0, 0, 0, 0.6666666665, 0.3333333333]"));
+        assert!(has("Consensus: [0, 0, 0, 1, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("Validator Trust: [1, 0, 1, 0, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("Ranks (after): [0, 0, 0, 0.6666666665, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("Trust: [0, 0, 0, 1, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("Dividends: [0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.25, 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("Pruning Scores: [0.25, 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0]"));
+
+        // math is ok
+        assert!(!has("math error:"));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_validator_splits_weight_across_two_servers() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                Neuron::new(0, 11, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+                Neuron::new(1, 22, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+                Neuron::new(2, 33, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+                Neuron::new(3, 44, false, 0,             0, 1),
+                Neuron::new(4, 55, false, 0,             0, 1),
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
+
+            // V2 splits: both entries nonzero; row normalization should make ~[0.5, 0.5] for V2
+            CommitRevealWeightsEnabled::<Test>::insert(netuid, false);
+            set_weights(
+                netuid,
+                vec![vec![u16::MAX, 0], vec![0, u16::MAX], vec![u16::MAX, u16::MAX]],
+                vec![3, 4],
+            );
+
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+
+        assert!(has("validator_permits: [true, true, true, false, false]"));
+        assert!(has("Weights (mask+norm): [[(3, 1), (4, 0)], [(3, 0), (4, 1)], [(3, 0.5), (4, 0.5)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(has("Ranks (before): [0, 0, 0, 0.4999999998, 0.4999999998]"));
+        assert!(has("Ranks (after): [0, 0, 0, 0.333333333, 0.333333333]"));
+        assert!(has("ΔB (norm): [[(3, 0.5), (4, 0)], [(3, 0), (4, 0.5)], [(3, 0.5), (4, 0.5)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(has("Dividends: [0.25, 0.25, 0.5, 0, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.125, 0.125, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25]"));
+        assert!(!has("math error:"));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn epoch_mechanism_reads_weights_per_mechanism() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
+
+        // 3 validators (0,1,2) and 2 servers (3,4)
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let neurons = [
+            Neuron::new(0, 11, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+            Neuron::new(1, 22, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+            Neuron::new(2, 33, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+            Neuron::new(3, 44, false, 0,             0, 1),
+            Neuron::new(4, 55, false, 0,             0, 1),
+        ];
+        setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 2); // 2 mechanisms
+
+        // Mech 0: V0,V2 -> server 3 ; V1 -> server 4
+        set_weights_for_mech(
+            netuid,
+            MechId::from(0),
+            vec![
+                (0, vec![(3, u16::MAX)]),
+                (1, vec![(4, u16::MAX)]),
+                (2, vec![(3, u16::MAX)]),
+            ],
+        );
+        let logs_m0 = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(0), AlphaCurrency::from(1_000));
+        });
+
+        // Mech 1: flipped routing: V0,V2 -> server 4 ; V1 -> server 3
+        set_weights_for_mech(
+            netuid,
+            MechId::from(1),
+            vec![
+                (0, vec![(4, u16::MAX)]),
+                (1, vec![(3, u16::MAX)]),
+                (2, vec![(4, u16::MAX)]),
+            ],
+        );
+        let logs_m1 = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(1), AlphaCurrency::from(1_000));
+        });
+
+        // Both should run the full pipeline…
+        assert!(logs_m0.contains("Active Stake: [0.3333333333, 0.3333333333, 0.3333333333, 0, 0]"));
+        assert!(logs_m1.contains("Active Stake: [0.3333333333, 0.3333333333, 0.3333333333, 0, 0]"));
+        assert!(logs_m0.contains("Weights (mask+norm): [[(3, 1)], [(4, 1)], [(3, 1)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(logs_m1.contains("Weights (mask+norm): [[(4, 1)], [(3, 1)], [(4, 1)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(logs_m0.contains("Ranks (before): [0, 0, 0, 0.6666666665, 0.3333333333]"));
+        assert!(logs_m1.contains("Ranks (before): [0, 0, 0, 0.3333333333, 0.6666666665]"));
+        assert!(logs_m0.contains("ΔB (norm): [[(3, 0.5)], [], [(3, 0.5)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(logs_m1.contains("ΔB (norm): [[(4, 0.5)], [], [(4, 0.5)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(logs_m0.contains("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.25, 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0]"));
+        assert!(logs_m1.contains("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.25, 0, 0.25, 0, 0.5]"));
+
+        // ...and produce different logs because weights differ per mechanism.
+        assert_ne!(
+            logs_m0, logs_m1,
+            "mechanism-specific weights should yield different outcomes/logs"
+        );
+    });
+}
+
+// cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::epoch_logs::epoch_mechanism_three_mechanisms_separate_state --exact --show-output
+#[test]
+fn epoch_mechanism_three_mechanisms_separate_state() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
+
+        // 2 validators, 2 servers
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let neurons = [
+            Neuron::new(0, 11, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+            Neuron::new(1, 22, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+            Neuron::new(2, 44, false, 0,             0, 1),
+            Neuron::new(3, 55, false, 0,             0, 1),
+        ];
+        setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 3); // 3 mechanisms
+
+        // Mech 0: all validators -> server 2
+        set_weights_for_mech(
+            netuid,
+            MechId::from(0),
+            vec![(0, vec![(2, u16::MAX)]), (1, vec![(2, u16::MAX)])],
+        );
+
+        // Mech 1: split across both servers (two nonzero entries per row)
+        set_weights_for_mech(
+            netuid,
+            MechId::from(1),
+            vec![
+                (0, vec![(2, u16::MAX), (3, u16::MAX)]),
+                (1, vec![(2, u16::MAX), (3, u16::MAX)]),
+            ],
+        );
+
+        // Mech 2: all validators -> server 3
+        set_weights_for_mech(
+            netuid,
+            MechId::from(2),
+            vec![(0, vec![(3, u16::MAX)]), (1, vec![(3, u16::MAX)])],
+        );
+
+        let l0 = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(0), AlphaCurrency::from(1_000));
+        });
+        let l1 = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(1), AlphaCurrency::from(1_000));
+        });
+        let l2 = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(2), AlphaCurrency::from(1_000));
+        });
+
+        // Check major epoch indicators
+        assert!(l0.contains("Weights (mask+norm): [[(2, 1)], [(2, 1)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(l0.contains("Ranks (before): [0, 0, 1, 0]"));
+        assert!(l0.contains("ΔB (norm): [[(2, 0.5)], [(2, 0.5)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(l0.contains("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.25, 0.25, 0.5, 0]"));
+
+        assert!(
+            l1.contains(
+                "Weights (mask+norm): [[(2, 0.5), (3, 0.5)], [(2, 0.5), (3, 0.5)], [], []]"
+            )
+        );
+        assert!(l1.contains("Ranks (before): [0, 0, 0.5, 0.5]"));
+        assert!(l1.contains("ΔB (norm): [[(2, 0.5), (3, 0.5)], [(2, 0.5), (3, 0.5)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(l1.contains("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25]"));
+
+        assert!(l2.contains("Weights (mask+norm): [[(3, 1)], [(3, 1)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(l2.contains("Ranks (before): [0, 0, 0, 1]"));
+        assert!(l2.contains("ΔB (norm): [[(3, 0.5)], [(3, 0.5)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(l2.contains("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.25, 0.25, 0, 0.5]"));
+
+        // Distinct outcomes
+        assert_ne!(l0, l1);
+        assert_ne!(l1, l2);
+        assert_ne!(l0, l2);
+    });
+}
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
index 7c731b604c..644ee30ca9 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
@@ -24,9 +24,11 @@ use sp_runtime::{
     BuildStorage, Percent,
     traits::{BlakeTwo256, IdentityLookup},
 };
-use sp_std::{cell::RefCell, cmp::Ordering};
+use sp_std::{cell::RefCell, cmp::Ordering, sync::OnceLock};
+use sp_tracing::tracing_subscriber;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{NetUid, TaoCurrency};
 use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapHandler};
+use tracing_subscriber::{EnvFilter, layer::SubscriberExt, util::SubscriberInitExt};
 
 type Block = frame_system::mocking::MockBlock<Test>;
 
@@ -671,10 +673,38 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+static TEST_LOGS_INIT: OnceLock<()> = OnceLock::new();
+
+pub fn init_logs_for_tests() {
+    if TEST_LOGS_INIT.get().is_some() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // RUST_LOG (full syntax) or "off" if unset
+    let filter = EnvFilter::try_from_default_env().unwrap_or_else(|_| EnvFilter::new("off"));
+
+    // Bridge log -> tracing (ok if already set)
+    let _ = tracing_log::LogTracer::init();
+
+    // Simple formatter
+    let fmt_layer = tracing_subscriber::fmt::layer()
+        .with_ansi(false)
+        .with_target(true)
+        .with_level(true)
+        .without_time();
+
+    let _ = tracing_subscriber::registry()
+        .with(filter)
+        .with(fmt_layer)
+        .try_init();
+
+    let _ = TEST_LOGS_INIT.set(());
+}
+
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 // Build genesis storage according to the mock runtime.
 pub fn new_test_ext(block_number: BlockNumber) -> sp_io::TestExternalities {
-    sp_tracing::try_init_simple();
+    init_logs_for_tests();
     let t = frame_system::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default()
         .build_storage()
         .unwrap();
@@ -685,7 +715,7 @@ pub fn new_test_ext(block_number: BlockNumber) -> sp_io::TestExternalities {
 
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 pub fn test_ext_with_balances(balances: Vec<(U256, u128)>) -> sp_io::TestExternalities {
-    sp_tracing::try_init_simple();
+    init_logs_for_tests();
     let mut t = frame_system::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default()
         .build_storage()
         .unwrap();
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs
index a0105a6ffe..fda2f90b4d 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ mod difficulty;
 mod emission;
 mod ensure;
 mod epoch;
+mod epoch_logs;
 mod evm;
 mod leasing;
 mod math;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
index 94069c633d..e4d4601451 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ use crate::*;
 use frame_support::{assert_err, assert_ok};
 use frame_system::Config;
 use sp_core::U256;
-use sp_std::collections::btree_map::BTreeMap;
+use sp_std::collections::{btree_map::BTreeMap, vec_deque::VecDeque};
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, U64F64, U96F32};
-use subtensor_runtime_common::{NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{MechId, NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
 use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapHandler};
 
 #[test]
@@ -2196,3 +2196,105 @@ fn massive_dissolve_refund_and_reregistration_flow_is_lossless_and_cleans_state(
         );
     });
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn dissolve_clears_all_mechanism_scoped_maps_for_all_mechanisms() {
+    new_test_ext(0).execute_with(|| {
+        // Create a subnet we can dissolve.
+        let owner_cold = U256::from(123);
+        let owner_hot = U256::from(456);
+        let net = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hot, &owner_cold);
+
+        // We'll use two mechanisms for this subnet.
+        MechanismCountCurrent::<Test>::insert(net, MechId::from(2));
+        let m0 = MechId::from(0u8);
+        let m1 = MechId::from(1u8);
+
+        let idx0 = SubtensorModule::get_mechanism_storage_index(net, m0);
+        let idx1 = SubtensorModule::get_mechanism_storage_index(net, m1);
+
+        // Minimal content to ensure each storage actually has keys for BOTH mechanisms.
+
+        // --- Weights (DMAP: (netuid_index, uid) -> Vec<(dest_uid, weight_u16)>)
+        Weights::<Test>::insert(idx0, 0u16, vec![(1u16, 1u16)]);
+        Weights::<Test>::insert(idx1, 0u16, vec![(2u16, 1u16)]);
+
+        // --- Bonds (DMAP: (netuid_index, uid) -> Vec<(dest_uid, weight_u16)>)
+        Bonds::<Test>::insert(idx0, 0u16, vec![(1u16, 1u16)]);
+        Bonds::<Test>::insert(idx1, 0u16, vec![(2u16, 1u16)]);
+
+        // --- TimelockedWeightCommits (DMAP: (netuid_index, epoch) -> VecDeque<...>)
+        let hotkey = U256::from(1);
+        TimelockedWeightCommits::<Test>::insert(
+            idx0,
+            1u64,
+            VecDeque::from([(hotkey, 1u64, Default::default(), Default::default())]),
+        );
+        TimelockedWeightCommits::<Test>::insert(
+            idx1,
+            2u64,
+            VecDeque::from([(hotkey, 2u64, Default::default(), Default::default())]),
+        );
+
+        // --- Incentive (MAP: netuid_index -> Vec<u16>)
+        Incentive::<Test>::insert(idx0, vec![1u16, 2u16]);
+        Incentive::<Test>::insert(idx1, vec![3u16, 4u16]);
+
+        // --- LastUpdate (MAP: netuid_index -> Vec<u64>)
+        LastUpdate::<Test>::insert(idx0, vec![42u64]);
+        LastUpdate::<Test>::insert(idx1, vec![84u64]);
+
+        // Sanity: keys are present before dissolve.
+        assert!(Weights::<Test>::contains_key(idx0, 0u16));
+        assert!(Weights::<Test>::contains_key(idx1, 0u16));
+        assert!(Bonds::<Test>::contains_key(idx0, 0u16));
+        assert!(Bonds::<Test>::contains_key(idx1, 0u16));
+        assert!(TimelockedWeightCommits::<Test>::contains_key(idx0, 1u64));
+        assert!(TimelockedWeightCommits::<Test>::contains_key(idx1, 2u64));
+        assert!(Incentive::<Test>::contains_key(idx0));
+        assert!(Incentive::<Test>::contains_key(idx1));
+        assert!(LastUpdate::<Test>::contains_key(idx0));
+        assert!(LastUpdate::<Test>::contains_key(idx1));
+        assert!(MechanismCountCurrent::<Test>::contains_key(net));
+
+        // --- Dissolve the subnet ---
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::do_dissolve_network(net));
+
+        // After dissolve, ALL mechanism-scoped items must be cleared for ALL mechanisms.
+
+        // Weights/Bonds double-maps should have no entries under either index.
+        assert!(Weights::<Test>::iter_prefix(idx0).next().is_none());
+        assert!(Weights::<Test>::iter_prefix(idx1).next().is_none());
+        assert!(Bonds::<Test>::iter_prefix(idx0).next().is_none());
+        assert!(Bonds::<Test>::iter_prefix(idx1).next().is_none());
+
+        // WeightCommits (OptionQuery) should have no keys remaining.
+        assert!(WeightCommits::<Test>::iter_prefix(idx0).next().is_none());
+        assert!(WeightCommits::<Test>::iter_prefix(idx1).next().is_none());
+        assert!(!WeightCommits::<Test>::contains_key(idx0, owner_hot));
+        assert!(!WeightCommits::<Test>::contains_key(idx1, owner_cold));
+
+        // TimelockedWeightCommits (ValueQuery) — ensure both prefix spaces empty and keys gone.
+        assert!(
+            TimelockedWeightCommits::<Test>::iter_prefix(idx0)
+                .next()
+                .is_none()
+        );
+        assert!(
+            TimelockedWeightCommits::<Test>::iter_prefix(idx1)
+                .next()
+                .is_none()
+        );
+        assert!(!TimelockedWeightCommits::<Test>::contains_key(idx0, 1u64));
+        assert!(!TimelockedWeightCommits::<Test>::contains_key(idx1, 2u64));
+
+        // Single-map per-mechanism vectors cleared.
+        assert!(!Incentive::<Test>::contains_key(idx0));
+        assert!(!Incentive::<Test>::contains_key(idx1));
+        assert!(!LastUpdate::<Test>::contains_key(idx0));
+        assert!(!LastUpdate::<Test>::contains_key(idx1));
+
+        // MechanismCountCurrent cleared
+        assert!(!MechanismCountCurrent::<Test>::contains_key(net));
+    });
+}