ENH: display_format for style

Closes #11692
Closes #12134
Closes #12125

This adds a `.format` method to Styler for formatting the display value
(the actual text) of each scalar value.

In the processes of cleaning up the template, I close #12134 (spurious 0)
and #12125 (KeyError from using iloc improperly)

cherry pick test from #12126

only allow str formatting for now

fix tests for new spec

formatter callable

update notebook

Author: TomAugspurger

doc/source/api.rst

@@ -1809,6 +1809,7 @@ Style Application
 
    Styler.apply
    Styler.applymap
+   Styler.format
    Styler.set_precision
    Styler.set_table_styles
    Styler.set_caption