diff --git a/pkg/lightning/backend/local/local.go b/pkg/lightning/backend/local/local.go
index 1c941b1e4..558ed4612 100644
--- a/pkg/lightning/backend/local/local.go
+++ b/pkg/lightning/backend/local/local.go
@@ -103,6 +103,8 @@ var (
 	localMaxTiKVVersion = version.NextMajorVersion()
 	localMaxPDVersion   = version.NextMajorVersion()
 	tiFlashMinVersion   = *semver.New("4.0.5")
+
+	errorEngineClosed = errors.New("engine is closed")
 )
 
 var (
@@ -146,6 +148,7 @@ type metaOrFlush struct {
 
 type File struct {
 	localFileMeta
+	closed       atomic.Bool
 	db           *pebble.DB
 	UUID         uuid.UUID
 	localWriters sync.Map
@@ -603,6 +606,9 @@ func (e *File) ingestSSTs(metas []*sstMeta) error {
 	// use raw RLock to avoid change the lock state during flushing.
 	e.mutex.RLock()
 	defer e.mutex.RUnlock()
+	if e.closed.Load() {
+		return errorEngineClosed
+	}
 	totalSize := int64(0)
 	totalCount := int64(0)
 	fileSize := int64(0)
@@ -896,8 +902,13 @@ func (local *local) tryRLockAllEngines() []*File {
 	var allEngines []*File
 	local.engines.Range(func(k, v interface{}) bool {
 		engine := v.(*File)
+		// skip closed engine
 		if engine.tryRLock() {
-			allEngines = append(allEngines, engine)
+			if !engine.closed.Load() {
+				allEngines = append(allEngines, engine)
+			} else {
+				engine.rUnlock()
+			}
 		}
 		return true
 	})
@@ -993,6 +1004,9 @@ func (local *local) FlushEngine(ctx context.Context, engineID uuid.UUID) error {
 		return errors.Errorf("engine '%s' not found", engineID)
 	}
 	defer engineFile.rUnlock()
+	if engineFile.closed.Load() {
+		return nil
+	}
 	return engineFile.flushEngineWithoutLock(ctx)
 }
 
@@ -1124,9 +1138,20 @@ func (local *local) CloseEngine(ctx context.Context, engineUUID uuid.UUID) error
 
 	engineFile := engine.(*File)
 	engineFile.rLock()
+	if engineFile.closed.Load() {
+		engineFile.rUnlock()
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	err := engineFile.flushEngineWithoutLock(ctx)
 	engineFile.rUnlock()
+
+	// use mutex to make sure we won't close sstMetasChan while other routines
+	// trying to do flush.
+	engineFile.lock(importMutexStateClose)
+	engineFile.closed.Store(true)
 	close(engineFile.sstMetasChan)
+	engineFile.unlock()
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Trace(err)
 	}
@@ -2485,6 +2510,10 @@ func (w *Writer) AppendRows(ctx context.Context, tableName string, columnNames [
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	if w.local.closed.Load() {
+		return errorEngineClosed
+	}
+
 	w.Lock()
 	defer w.Unlock()
 
diff --git a/pkg/lightning/backend/local/localhelper_test.go b/pkg/lightning/backend/local/localhelper_test.go
index d3323bc0b..073bfe99c 100644
--- a/pkg/lightning/backend/local/localhelper_test.go
+++ b/pkg/lightning/backend/local/localhelper_test.go
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"math/rand"
 	"sort"
 	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	. "github.com/pingcap/check"
@@ -34,6 +33,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/util/codec"
 	"github.com/tikv/pd/server/core"
 	"github.com/tikv/pd/server/schedule/placement"
+	"go.uber.org/atomic"
 
 	"github.com/pingcap/br/pkg/restore"
 )
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ type testClient struct {
 	regions      map[uint64]*restore.RegionInfo
 	regionsInfo  *core.RegionsInfo // For now it's only used in ScanRegions
 	nextRegionID uint64
-	splitCount   int
+	splitCount   atomic.Int32
 	hook         clientHook
 }
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func (c *testClient) BatchSplitRegionsWithOrigin(
 ) (*restore.RegionInfo, []*restore.RegionInfo, error) {
 	c.mu.Lock()
 	defer c.mu.Unlock()
-	c.splitCount++
+	c.splitCount.Inc()
 
 	if c.hook != nil {
 		regionInfo, keys = c.hook.BeforeSplitRegion(ctx, regionInfo, keys)
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ func (d defaultHook) check(c *C, cli *testClient) {
 	// 7. region: [bv, cca), keys: [bw, bx, by, bz]
 
 	// since it may encounter error retries, here only check the lower threshold.
-	c.Assert(cli.splitCount >= 7, IsTrue)
+	c.Assert(cli.splitCount.Load() >= 7, IsTrue)
 }
 
 func (s *localSuite) doTestBatchSplitRegionByRanges(ctx context.Context, c *C, hook clientHook, errPat string, splitHook batchSplitHook) {
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ func (h batchSizeHook) check(c *C, cli *testClient) {
 	// 10. region: [bv, cca), keys: [bx, by, bz]
 
 	// since it may encounter error retries, here only check the lower threshold.
-	c.Assert(cli.splitCount, Equals, 9)
+	c.Assert(cli.splitCount.Load(), Equals, int32(9))
 }
 
 func (s *localSuite) TestBatchSplitRegionByRangesKeySizeLimit(c *C) {
@@ -518,13 +518,12 @@ func (s *localSuite) TestBatchSplitByRangesEpochNotMatch(c *C) {
 // return epoch not match error in every other call
 type splitRegionEpochNotMatchHookRandom struct {
 	noopHook
-	cnt int32
+	cnt atomic.Int32
 }
 
 func (h *splitRegionEpochNotMatchHookRandom) BeforeSplitRegion(ctx context.Context, regionInfo *restore.RegionInfo, keys [][]byte) (*restore.RegionInfo, [][]byte) {
 	regionInfo, keys = h.noopHook.BeforeSplitRegion(ctx, regionInfo, keys)
-	cnt := atomic.AddInt32(&h.cnt, 1)
-	if cnt%2 != 0 {
+	if h.cnt.Inc() != 0 {
 		return regionInfo, keys
 	}
 	regionInfo = cloneRegion(regionInfo)
@@ -540,12 +539,12 @@ func (s *localSuite) TestBatchSplitByRangesEpochNotMatchOnce(c *C) {
 type splitRegionNoValidKeyHook struct {
 	noopHook
 	returnErrTimes int32
-	errorCnt       int32
+	errorCnt       atomic.Int32
 }
 
 func (h *splitRegionNoValidKeyHook) BeforeSplitRegion(ctx context.Context, regionInfo *restore.RegionInfo, keys [][]byte) (*restore.RegionInfo, [][]byte) {
 	regionInfo, keys = h.noopHook.BeforeSplitRegion(ctx, regionInfo, keys)
-	if atomic.AddInt32(&h.errorCnt, 1) <= h.returnErrTimes {
+	if h.errorCnt.Inc() <= h.returnErrTimes {
 		// clean keys to trigger "no valid keys" error
 		keys = keys[:0]
 	}