diff --git a/Sources/SQLiteData/CloudKit/Internal/MockCloudDatabase.swift b/Sources/SQLiteData/CloudKit/Internal/MockCloudDatabase.swift
index c8138bf0..21c3c8a0 100644
--- a/Sources/SQLiteData/CloudKit/Internal/MockCloudDatabase.swift
+++ b/Sources/SQLiteData/CloudKit/Internal/MockCloudDatabase.swift
@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@
       guard accountStatus == .available
       else { throw ckError(forAccountStatus: accountStatus) }
 
+      guard ids.count < 200
+      else { throw CKError(.limitExceeded) }
+
       var results: [CKRecord.ID: Result<CKRecord, any Error>] = [:]
       for id in ids {
         results[id] = Result { try record(for: id) }
@@ -84,6 +87,11 @@
       guard accountStatus == .available
       else { throw ckError(forAccountStatus: accountStatus) }
 
+      guard (recordsToSave.count + recordIDsToDelete.count) < 200
+      else {
+        throw CKError(.limitExceeded)
+      }
+
       return storage.withValue { storage in
         let previousStorage = storage
         var saveResults: [CKRecord.ID: Result<CKRecord, any Error>] = [:]
diff --git a/Sources/SQLiteData/CloudKit/SyncEngine.swift b/Sources/SQLiteData/CloudKit/SyncEngine.swift
index c9488697..5d094197 100644
--- a/Sources/SQLiteData/CloudKit/SyncEngine.swift
+++ b/Sources/SQLiteData/CloudKit/SyncEngine.swift
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
     package let tables: [any SynchronizableTable]
     package let privateTables: [any SynchronizableTable]
     let tablesByName: [String: any SynchronizableTable]
-    private let tablesByOrder: [String: Int]
+    package let tablesByOrder: [String: Int]
     let foreignKeysByTableName: [String: [ForeignKey]]
     package let syncEngines = LockIsolated<SyncEngines>(SyncEngines())
     package let defaultZone: CKRecordZone
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@
       tables: [any SynchronizableTable],
       privateTables: [any SynchronizableTable] = []
     ) throws {
-      let allTables = Set((tables + privateTables).map(HashableSynchronizedTable.init))
+      let allTables = OrderedSet((tables + privateTables).map(HashableSynchronizedTable.init))
         .map(\.type)
       self.tables = allTables
       self.privateTables = privateTables
@@ -1419,11 +1419,11 @@
     ) async {
       let deletedRecordIDsByRecordType = OrderedDictionary(
         grouping: deletions.sorted { lhs, rhs in
-          guard
-            let lhsIndex = tablesByOrder[lhs.recordType],
-            let rhsIndex = tablesByOrder[rhs.recordType]
-          else { return true }
-          return lhsIndex > rhsIndex
+          topologicallyAscending(
+            lhsTableName: lhs.recordType,
+            rhsTableName: rhs.recordType,
+            rootFirst: false
+          )
         },
         by: \.recordType
       )
@@ -1490,18 +1490,31 @@
                 .execute(db)
             }
           }
-          let results = try await syncEngine.database.records(for: Array(unsyncedRecordIDs))
+          let batchSize = 150
+          let orderedUnsyncedRecordIDs = unsyncedRecordIDs.sorted {
+            topologicallyAscending(
+              lhsTableName: $0.tableName,
+              rhsTableName: $1.tableName,
+              rootFirst: true
+            )
+          }
           var unsyncedRecords: [CKRecord] = []
-          for (recordID, result) in results {
-            switch result {
-            case .success(let record):
-              unsyncedRecords.append(record)
-            case .failure(let error as CKError) where error.code == .unknownItem:
-              try await userDatabase.write { db in
-                try UnsyncedRecordID.find(recordID).delete().execute(db)
+          for start in stride(from: 0, to: orderedUnsyncedRecordIDs.count, by: batchSize) {
+            let recordIDsBatch = orderedUnsyncedRecordIDs
+              .dropFirst(start)
+              .prefix(batchSize)
+            let results = try await syncEngine.database.records(for: Array(recordIDsBatch))
+            for (recordID, result) in results {
+              switch result {
+              case .success(let record):
+                unsyncedRecords.append(record)
+              case .failure(let error as CKError) where error.code == .unknownItem:
+                try await userDatabase.write { db in
+                  try UnsyncedRecordID.find(recordID).delete().execute(db)
+                }
+              case .failure:
+                continue
               }
-            case .failure:
-              continue
             }
           }
           return unsyncedRecords
@@ -1509,13 +1522,11 @@
         ?? [CKRecord]()
 
       let modifications = (modifications + unsyncedRecords).sorted { lhs, rhs in
-        guard
-          let lhsRecordType = lhs.recordID.tableName,
-          let lhsIndex = tablesByOrder[lhsRecordType],
-          let rhsRecordType = rhs.recordID.tableName,
-          let rhsIndex = tablesByOrder[rhsRecordType]
-        else { return true }
-        return lhsIndex < rhsIndex
+        topologicallyAscending(
+          lhsTableName: lhs.recordType,
+          rhsTableName: rhs.recordType,
+          rootFirst: true
+        )
       }
 
       enum ShareOrReference {
@@ -1563,6 +1574,27 @@
       }
     }
 
+    private func topologicallyAscending(
+      lhsTableName: String?,
+      rhsTableName: String?,
+      rootFirst: Bool
+    ) -> Bool {
+      switch (lhsTableName, rhsTableName) {
+      case (nil, nil), (nil, _):
+        return false
+      case (_, nil):
+        return true
+      case let (.some(lhs), .some(rhs)):
+        let lhsIndex = tablesByOrder[lhs] ?? (rootFirst ? .max : .min)
+        let rhsIndex = tablesByOrder[rhs] ?? (rootFirst ? .max : .min)
+        guard lhsIndex != rhsIndex
+        else {
+          return lhs < rhs
+        }
+        return rootFirst ? lhsIndex < rhsIndex : lhsIndex > rhsIndex
+      }
+    }
+
     package func handleSentRecordZoneChanges(
       savedRecords: [CKRecord] = [],
       failedRecordSaves: [(record: CKRecord, error: CKError)] = [],
@@ -2292,10 +2324,12 @@
     tablesByName: [String: any SynchronizableTable]
   ) throws -> [String: Int] {
     let tableDependencies = try userDatabase.read { db in
-      var dependencies: [HashableSynchronizedTable: [any SynchronizableTable]] = [:]
+      var dependencies: OrderedDictionary<HashableSynchronizedTable, [any SynchronizableTable]> = [:]
       for table in tables {
         func open<T>(_: some SynchronizableTable<T>) throws -> [String] {
-          try PragmaForeignKeyList<T>.select(\.table)
+          try PragmaForeignKeyList<T>
+            .order(by: \.table)
+            .select(\.table)
             .fetchAll(db)
         }
         let toTables = try open(table)
diff --git a/Tests/SQLiteDataTests/CloudKitTests/FetchRecordZoneChangesTests.swift b/Tests/SQLiteDataTests/CloudKitTests/FetchRecordZoneChangesTests.swift
index 505930e4..13e85616 100644
--- a/Tests/SQLiteDataTests/CloudKitTests/FetchRecordZoneChangesTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/SQLiteDataTests/CloudKitTests/FetchRecordZoneChangesTests.swift
@@ -739,6 +739,12 @@
         }
         #expect(error?.message == SyncEngine.invalidRecordNameError)
       }
+
+      @available(iOS 17, macOS 14, tvOS 17, watchOS 10, *)
+      @Test func syncInvalidRecordID() async throws {
+        let record = CKRecord(recordType: "foo", recordID: CKRecord.ID(recordName: "bar"))
+        try await syncEngine.modifyRecords(scope: .private, saving: [record]).notify()
+      }
     }
   }
 #endif
diff --git a/Tests/SQLiteDataTests/CloudKitTests/ForeignKeyConstraintTests.swift b/Tests/SQLiteDataTests/CloudKitTests/ForeignKeyConstraintTests.swift
index bf6d011c..5bd8f224 100644
--- a/Tests/SQLiteDataTests/CloudKitTests/ForeignKeyConstraintTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/SQLiteDataTests/CloudKitTests/ForeignKeyConstraintTests.swift
@@ -869,6 +869,70 @@
           """
         }
       }
+
+      /*
+       * Create a parent record in CloudKit database but do not sync to client.
+       * Create many child records in CloudKit database and **do** sync to client.
+       * Sync parent record to client.
+       * => Cached unsaved child records should be batched so as to not run into 'limitExceeded'
+            errors
+       */
+      @available(iOS 17, macOS 14, tvOS 17, watchOS 10, *)
+      @Test func batchAssociations() async throws {
+
+        let remindersListRecord = CKRecord(
+          recordType: RemindersList.tableName,
+          recordID: RemindersList.recordID(for: 1)
+        )
+        remindersListRecord.setValue(1, forKey: "id", at: now)
+        remindersListRecord.setValue("Personal", forKey: "title", at: now)
+        let remindersListModification = try syncEngine.modifyRecords(
+          scope: .private,
+          saving: [remindersListRecord]
+        )
+
+        let reminderRecords = (1...500).map { index in
+          let reminderRecord = CKRecord(
+            recordType: Reminder.tableName,
+            recordID: Reminder.recordID(for: index)
+          )
+          reminderRecord.setValue(index, forKey: "id", at: now)
+          reminderRecord.setValue("Reminder #\(index)", forKey: "title", at: now)
+          reminderRecord.setValue(1, forKey: "remindersListID", at: now)
+          reminderRecord.parent = CKRecord.Reference(
+            record: remindersListRecord,
+            action: .none
+          )
+          return reminderRecord
+        }
+
+        try await syncEngine.modifyRecords(
+          scope: .private,
+          saving: Array(reminderRecords[0...100])
+        ).notify()
+        try await syncEngine.modifyRecords(
+          scope: .private,
+          saving: Array(reminderRecords[101...200])
+        ).notify()
+        try await syncEngine.modifyRecords(
+          scope: .private,
+          saving: Array(reminderRecords[201...300])
+        ).notify()
+        try await syncEngine.modifyRecords(
+          scope: .private,
+          saving: Array(reminderRecords[301...400])
+        ).notify()
+        try await syncEngine.modifyRecords(
+          scope: .private,
+          saving: Array(reminderRecords[401...499])
+        ).notify()
+        await remindersListModification.notify()
+
+        try await userDatabase.read { db in
+          try #expect(RemindersList.fetchCount(db) == 1)
+          try #expect(Reminder.fetchCount(db) == 500)
+        }
+      }
     }
   }
 #endif
diff --git a/Tests/SQLiteDataTests/CloudKitTests/MockCloudDatabaseTests.swift b/Tests/SQLiteDataTests/CloudKitTests/MockCloudDatabaseTests.swift
index 9ba9ad8e..ecd50cc2 100644
--- a/Tests/SQLiteDataTests/CloudKitTests/MockCloudDatabaseTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/SQLiteDataTests/CloudKitTests/MockCloudDatabaseTests.swift
@@ -649,6 +649,74 @@
           )
         }
       }
+
+      @Test func limitExceeded_modifyRecords() async throws {
+        let remindersListRecord = CKRecord(
+          recordType: RemindersList.tableName,
+          recordID: RemindersList.recordID(for: 1)
+        )
+        remindersListRecord.setValue(1, forKey: "id", at: now)
+        remindersListRecord.setValue("Personal", forKey: "title", at: now)
+
+        let reminderRecords = (1...400).map { index in
+          let reminderRecord = CKRecord(
+            recordType: Reminder.tableName,
+            recordID: Reminder.recordID(for: index)
+          )
+          reminderRecord.setValue(index, forKey: "id", at: now)
+          reminderRecord.setValue("Reminder #\(index)", forKey: "title", at: now)
+          reminderRecord.setValue(1, forKey: "remindersListID", at: now)
+          reminderRecord.parent = CKRecord.Reference(
+            record: remindersListRecord,
+            action: .none
+          )
+          return reminderRecord
+        }
+
+        let error = #expect(throws: CKError.self) {
+          _ = try syncEngine.private.database.modifyRecords(
+            saving: reminderRecords + [remindersListRecord]
+          )
+        }
+        #expect(error?.code == .limitExceeded)
+      }
+
+      @Test func records_limitExceeded() async throws {
+        let remindersListRecord = CKRecord(
+          recordType: RemindersList.tableName,
+          recordID: RemindersList.recordID(for: 1)
+        )
+        remindersListRecord.setValue(1, forKey: "id", at: now)
+        remindersListRecord.setValue("Personal", forKey: "title", at: now)
+
+        let reminderRecords = (1...400).map { index in
+          let reminderRecord = CKRecord(
+            recordType: Reminder.tableName,
+            recordID: Reminder.recordID(for: index)
+          )
+          reminderRecord.setValue(index, forKey: "id", at: now)
+          reminderRecord.setValue("Reminder #\(index)", forKey: "title", at: now)
+          reminderRecord.setValue(1, forKey: "remindersListID", at: now)
+          reminderRecord.parent = CKRecord.Reference(
+            record: remindersListRecord,
+            action: .none
+          )
+          return reminderRecord
+        }
+
+        _ = try syncEngine.private.database.modifyRecords(saving: [remindersListRecord])
+        _ = try syncEngine.private.database.modifyRecords(saving: Array(reminderRecords[0...100]))
+        _ = try syncEngine.private.database.modifyRecords(saving: Array(reminderRecords[101...200]))
+        _ = try syncEngine.private.database.modifyRecords(saving: Array(reminderRecords[201...300]))
+        _ = try syncEngine.private.database.modifyRecords(saving: Array(reminderRecords[301...399]))
+
+        let error = await #expect(throws: CKError.self) {
+          _ = try await syncEngine.private.database.records(
+            for: [remindersListRecord.recordID] + reminderRecords.map(\.recordID)
+          )
+        }
+        #expect(error?.code == .limitExceeded)
+      }
     }
   }
 #endif
diff --git a/Tests/SQLiteDataTests/CloudKitTests/TopologicalTableSortingTests.swift b/Tests/SQLiteDataTests/CloudKitTests/TopologicalTableSortingTests.swift
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a829086f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/SQLiteDataTests/CloudKitTests/TopologicalTableSortingTests.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#if canImport(CloudKit)
+  import CloudKit
+  import SQLiteData
+  import Testing
+
+  extension BaseCloudKitTests {
+    @MainActor
+    final class TopologicalTableSortingTests: BaseCloudKitTests, @unchecked Sendable {
+      @available(iOS 17, macOS 14, tvOS 17, watchOS 10, *)
+      @Test func tablesByOrder() async throws {
+        #expect(
+          syncEngine.tablesByOrder == [
+            "remindersLists": 0,
+            "reminders": 1,
+            "remindersListAssets": 2,
+            "tags": 3,
+            "reminderTags": 4,
+            "parents": 5,
+            "childWithOnDeleteSetNulls": 6,
+            "childWithOnDeleteSetDefaults": 7,
+            "modelAs": 8,
+            "modelBs": 9,
+            "modelCs": 10,
+            "remindersListPrivates": 11,
+          ]
+        )
+      }
+    }
+  }
+#endif