diff --git a/Include/exports.h b/Include/exports.h
index 62feb09ed2b433..97a674ec2403a4 100644
--- a/Include/exports.h
+++ b/Include/exports.h
@@ -35,6 +35,12 @@
         #define Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL
         #define Py_LOCAL_SYMBOL
     #endif
+    /* module init functions outside the core must be exported */
+    #if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE)
+        #define _PyINIT_EXPORTED_SYMBOL Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL
+    #else
+        #define _PyINIT_EXPORTED_SYMBOL __declspec(dllexport)
+    #endif
 #else
 /*
  * If we only ever used gcc >= 5, we could use __has_attribute(visibility)
@@ -52,19 +58,16 @@
         #define Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL
         #define Py_LOCAL_SYMBOL
     #endif
+    #define _PyINIT_EXPORTED_SYMBOL Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL
 #endif
 
 /* only get special linkage if built as shared or platform is Cygwin */
 #if defined(Py_ENABLE_SHARED) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
 #       if defined(HAVE_DECLSPEC_DLL)
 #               if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE) && !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE)
-#                       define PyAPI_FUNC(RTYPE) Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL RTYPE
-#                       define PyAPI_DATA(RTYPE) extern Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL RTYPE
         /* module init functions inside the core need no external linkage */
         /* except for Cygwin to handle embedding */
-#                       if defined(__CYGWIN__)
-#                               define _PyINIT_FUNC_DECLSPEC Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL
-#                       else /* __CYGWIN__ */
+#                       if !defined(__CYGWIN__)
 #                               define _PyINIT_FUNC_DECLSPEC
 #                       endif /* __CYGWIN__ */
 #               else /* Py_BUILD_CORE */
@@ -77,12 +80,6 @@
 #                               define PyAPI_FUNC(RTYPE) Py_IMPORTED_SYMBOL RTYPE
 #                       endif /* !__CYGWIN__ */
 #                       define PyAPI_DATA(RTYPE) extern Py_IMPORTED_SYMBOL RTYPE
-        /* module init functions outside the core must be exported */
-#                       if defined(__cplusplus)
-#                               define _PyINIT_FUNC_DECLSPEC extern "C" Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL
-#                       else /* __cplusplus */
-#                               define _PyINIT_FUNC_DECLSPEC Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL
-#                       endif /* __cplusplus */
 #               endif /* Py_BUILD_CORE */
 #       endif /* HAVE_DECLSPEC_DLL */
 #endif /* Py_ENABLE_SHARED */
@@ -96,13 +93,17 @@
 #endif
 #ifndef _PyINIT_FUNC_DECLSPEC
 #       if defined(__cplusplus)
-#               define _PyINIT_FUNC_DECLSPEC extern "C" Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL
+#               define _PyINIT_FUNC_DECLSPEC extern "C" _PyINIT_EXPORTED_SYMBOL
 #       else /* __cplusplus */
-#               define _PyINIT_FUNC_DECLSPEC Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL
+#               define _PyINIT_FUNC_DECLSPEC _PyINIT_EXPORTED_SYMBOL
 #       endif /* __cplusplus */
 #endif
 
-#define PyMODINIT_FUNC _PyINIT_FUNC_DECLSPEC PyObject*
-#define PyMODEXPORT_FUNC _PyINIT_FUNC_DECLSPEC PyModuleDef_Slot*
+#ifndef PyMODINIT_FUNC
+    #define PyMODINIT_FUNC _PyINIT_FUNC_DECLSPEC PyObject*
+#endif
+#ifndef PyMODEXPORT_FUNC
+    #define PyMODEXPORT_FUNC _PyINIT_FUNC_DECLSPEC PyModuleDef_Slot*
+#endif
 
 #endif /* Py_EXPORTS_H */
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C_API/2025-11-17-17-46-16.gh-issue-141671.cVXNW5.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C_API/2025-11-17-17-46-16.gh-issue-141671.cVXNW5.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..304a6a5f75ff3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C_API/2025-11-17-17-46-16.gh-issue-141671.cVXNW5.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+:c:macro:`PyMODINIT_FUNC` (and the new :c:macro:`PyMODEXPORT_FUNC`) now adds
+a linkage declaration (``__declspec(dllexport)``) on Windows.