5_strings.rb

# --------------- STRINGS ---------------

# Strings are a series of characters between " or '
# String interpolation doesn't work with '' and neither do backslash
# characters like newline

puts "Add Them #{4 + 5} \n\n"
puts 'Add Them #{4 + 5} \n\n'

# A here-doc is normally used when you want a multiline string

multiline_string = <<EOM
This is a very long string
that contains interpolation
like #{4 + 5} \n\n
EOM

puts multiline_string

# ---------------------------------------

# Find all string methods by typing irb in terminal and "string".methods

first_name = "Derek"

last_name = "Banas"

# You can combine or concatenate strings with +

full_name = first_name + " " + last_name

middle_name = "Justin"

# Combining strings with interpolation

full_name = "#{first_name} #{middle_name} #{last_name}"
puts full_name

# You can check if a string contains a string with include

puts full_name.include?("Justin")

# Get the length of a string

puts full_name.size

# Count the number of vowels

puts "Vowels : " + full_name.count("aeiou").to_s

# Count the consonants

puts "Consonants : " + full_name.count("^aeiou").to_s

# You can check if a string starts with another string

puts full_name.start_with?("Banas")

# Return the index for the match

puts "Index : " + full_name.index("Banas").to_s

# Check equality of strings

puts "a == a : " + ("a" == "a").to_s

# Check if they are the same object

puts "\"a\".equal?(\"a\") : " + ("a".equal?"a").to_s
puts first_name.equal?first_name

# Changing Case

puts full_name.upcase
puts full_name.downcase
puts full_name.swapcase

# Stripping white space

full_name = "       " + full_name

full_name = full_name.lstrip
full_name = full_name.rstrip
full_name = full_name.strip

puts full_name

# Formatting Strings

puts full_name.rjust(20, '.')
puts full_name.ljust(20, '.')
puts full_name.center(20, '.')

# Chop eliminates the last character

puts full_name.chop

# Chomp eliminates \n or a specific string

puts full_name.chomp
puts full_name.chomp('as')

# Delete deletes provided characters

puts full_name.delete("a")

# Split a string into an array

name_array = full_name.split(//)
puts name_array

name_array = full_name.split(/ /)
puts name_array

# String Conversions

puts "a".to_i
puts "2".to_f
puts "2".to_sym

# Escape sequences
# \\  Backslash
# \'  Single-quote
# \"  Double-quote
# \a  Bell
# \b  Backspace
# \f  Formfeed
# \n  Newline
# \r  Carriage
# \t  Tab
# \v  Vertical tab