From 10709e2cdb0c68d1aee6eceb4dcf2531318e3126 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jan Niehusmann <jan@gondor.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 19:12:01 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 01/15] Run cargo update

---
 Cargo.lock | 554 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------
 1 file changed, 305 insertions(+), 249 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index f642684..222b370 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1,490 +1,546 @@
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From 2d08bc23b8939d8404932c270a9a5511882f7579 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jan Niehusmann <jan@gondor.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 19:12:48 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 02/15] Fix several clippy warnings

---
 src/commands/gpio_status.rs | 2 +-
 src/config.rs               | 6 +++---
 src/export.rs               | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/commands/gpio_status.rs b/src/commands/gpio_status.rs
index 04c2e39..b625bd4 100644
--- a/src/commands/gpio_status.rs
+++ b/src/commands/gpio_status.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub fn main(config: &GpioConfig, opts: &GpioStatusOptions) {
                 }
             };
             print_pin_header();
-            print_pin_row(&pin_config, true);
+            print_pin_row(pin_config, true);
         }
         None => {
             print_pin_header();
diff --git a/src/config.rs b/src/config.rs
index 40d04b3..170449e 100644
--- a/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/config.rs
@@ -114,10 +114,10 @@ impl FromStr for GpioConfig {
     type Err = Error;
     /// Load a GPIO configuration for the provided toml string
     fn from_str(config: &str) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        let cfg = toml::from_str(&config);
+        let cfg = toml::from_str(config);
         match cfg {
             Ok(cfg) => {
-                let val_config: GpioConfig = toml::from_str(&config).unwrap();
+                let val_config: GpioConfig = toml::from_str(config).unwrap();
                 val_config.validate()?;
                 Ok(cfg)
             }
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ impl GpioConfig {
     /// Get the symlink root specified in the config (or the default)
     pub fn get_symlink_root(&self) -> &str {
         match self.config.symlink_root {
-            Some(ref root) => &root,
+            Some(ref root) => root,
             None => DEFAULT_SYMLINK_ROOT,
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/export.rs b/src/export.rs
index 9847b77..2aafe07 100644
--- a/src/export.rs
+++ b/src/export.rs
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ pub fn unexport(pin_config: &PinConfig, symlink_root: Option<&str>) -> Result<()
 ///
 /// 1. The GPIO pin itself is exported (via /sys/class/gpio/export)
 /// 2. For each GPIO name/alias, a symlink is created from
-///     `/var/run/gpio/<name>` -> `/sys/class/gpio<num>`.
+///    `/var/run/gpio/<name>` -> `/sys/class/gpio<num>`.
 ///
 /// If the GPIO is already exported, this function will continue
 /// without an error as the desired end state is achieved.

From 6a940c7a6f24c08895430df373eebae0971a793d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jan Niehusmann <jan@gondor.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 19:26:07 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 03/15] Update to edition 2024

---
 Cargo.toml                       | 1 +
 src/commands/gpio_export.rs      | 6 +++---
 src/commands/gpio_exportall.rs   | 6 +++---
 src/commands/gpio_poll.rs        | 4 ++--
 src/commands/gpio_read.rs        | 4 ++--
 src/commands/gpio_status.rs      | 6 +++---
 src/commands/gpio_unexport.rs    | 6 +++---
 src/commands/gpio_unexportall.rs | 6 +++---
 src/commands/gpio_write.rs       | 4 ++--
 src/export.rs                    | 4 ++--
 10 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index fc92557..9117b02 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
 readme = "README.md"
 homepage = "https://github.com/rust-embedded/gpio-utils"
 keywords = ["gpio", "linux", "sysfs_gpio", "cli", "command-line"]
+edition = "2024"
 description = """
 Command-line utilities for interacting with GPIOs under Linux
 
diff --git a/src/commands/gpio_export.rs b/src/commands/gpio_export.rs
index c3c94d2..66430e3 100644
--- a/src/commands/gpio_export.rs
+++ b/src/commands/gpio_export.rs
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 // option.  This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
 // except according to those terms.
 
-use config::GpioConfig;
-use export;
-use options::GpioExportOptions;
+use crate::config::GpioConfig;
+use crate::export;
+use crate::options::GpioExportOptions;
 use std::process::exit;
 
 pub fn main(config: &GpioConfig, opts: &GpioExportOptions) {
diff --git a/src/commands/gpio_exportall.rs b/src/commands/gpio_exportall.rs
index c16fef3..846e81d 100644
--- a/src/commands/gpio_exportall.rs
+++ b/src/commands/gpio_exportall.rs
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 // option.  This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
 // except according to those terms.
 
-use config::GpioConfig;
-use export;
-use options::GpioExportAllOptions;
+use crate::config::GpioConfig;
+use crate::export;
+use crate::options::GpioExportAllOptions;
 use std::process::exit;
 
 pub fn main(config: &GpioConfig, opts: &GpioExportAllOptions) {
diff --git a/src/commands/gpio_poll.rs b/src/commands/gpio_poll.rs
index 84a7018..0f0efce 100644
--- a/src/commands/gpio_poll.rs
+++ b/src/commands/gpio_poll.rs
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 // option.  This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
 // except according to those terms.
 
-use config::GpioConfig;
-use options::GpioPollOptions;
+use crate::config::GpioConfig;
+use crate::options::GpioPollOptions;
 use std::process::exit;
 use sysfs_gpio::Edge;
 
diff --git a/src/commands/gpio_read.rs b/src/commands/gpio_read.rs
index 753f9d1..20db8bc 100644
--- a/src/commands/gpio_read.rs
+++ b/src/commands/gpio_read.rs
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 // option.  This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
 // except according to those terms.
 
-use config::GpioConfig;
-use options::GpioReadOptions;
+use crate::config::GpioConfig;
+use crate::options::GpioReadOptions;
 use std::process::exit;
 
 pub fn main(config: &GpioConfig, opts: &GpioReadOptions) {
diff --git a/src/commands/gpio_status.rs b/src/commands/gpio_status.rs
index b625bd4..1cabbed 100644
--- a/src/commands/gpio_status.rs
+++ b/src/commands/gpio_status.rs
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 // option.  This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
 // except according to those terms.
 
-use config::GpioConfig;
-use config::PinConfig;
-use options::GpioStatusOptions;
+use crate::config::GpioConfig;
+use crate::config::PinConfig;
+use crate::options::GpioStatusOptions;
 use std::process::exit;
 use sysfs_gpio::Direction;
 
diff --git a/src/commands/gpio_unexport.rs b/src/commands/gpio_unexport.rs
index 66089f3..f0325f3 100644
--- a/src/commands/gpio_unexport.rs
+++ b/src/commands/gpio_unexport.rs
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 // option.  This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
 // except according to those terms.
 
-use config::GpioConfig;
-use export;
-use options::GpioUnexportOptions;
+use crate::config::GpioConfig;
+use crate::export;
+use crate::options::GpioUnexportOptions;
 use std::process::exit;
 
 pub fn main(config: &GpioConfig, opts: &GpioUnexportOptions) {
diff --git a/src/commands/gpio_unexportall.rs b/src/commands/gpio_unexportall.rs
index 598b376..bb6aded 100644
--- a/src/commands/gpio_unexportall.rs
+++ b/src/commands/gpio_unexportall.rs
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 // option.  This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
 // except according to those terms.
 
-use config::GpioConfig;
-use export;
-use options::GpioUnexportAllOptions;
+use crate::config::GpioConfig;
+use crate::export;
+use crate::options::GpioUnexportAllOptions;
 use std::process::exit;
 
 pub fn main(config: &GpioConfig, opts: &GpioUnexportAllOptions) {
diff --git a/src/commands/gpio_write.rs b/src/commands/gpio_write.rs
index d157e0d..c97564a 100644
--- a/src/commands/gpio_write.rs
+++ b/src/commands/gpio_write.rs
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 // option.  This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
 // except according to those terms.
 
-use config::GpioConfig;
-use options::GpioWriteOptions;
+use crate::config::GpioConfig;
+use crate::options::GpioWriteOptions;
 use std::process::exit;
 use sysfs_gpio::Direction;
 
diff --git a/src/export.rs b/src/export.rs
index 2aafe07..788b918 100644
--- a/src/export.rs
+++ b/src/export.rs
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 // option.  This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
 // except according to those terms.
 
-use config::PinConfig;
-use error::*;
+use crate::config::PinConfig;
+use crate::error::*;
 use nix::unistd::{chown, Gid, Uid};
 use std::fs;
 use std::io::ErrorKind;

From 44979aec2f3afd5a79db125212e4487e37e66b0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jan Niehusmann <jan@gondor.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 19:54:15 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 04/15] Silence warning about cfg introduced by error_chain

---
 Cargo.toml | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 9117b02..a342e07 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -32,3 +32,7 @@ users = "0.8"
 [[bin]]
 name = "gpio"
 path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[lints.rust]
+# The cfg `has_error_description_deprecated` is introduced by the error_chain crate.
+unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ['cfg(has_error_description_deprecated)'] }

From 2fab682ba4410f41a6426616c4592130ebac028b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jan Niehusmann <jan@gondor.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 19:56:11 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 05/15] Update sysfs_gpio dependency to version 0.6.2

---
 Cargo.lock | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 Cargo.toml |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 222b370..4064bef 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -46,6 +46,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "winapi",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "autocfg"
+version = "1.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c08606f8c3cbf4ce6ec8e28fb0014a2c086708fe954eaa885384a6165172e7e8"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "backtrace"
 version = "0.3.75"
@@ -205,6 +211,15 @@ version = "2.7.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "32a282da65faaf38286cf3be983213fcf1d2e2a58700e808f83f4ea9a4804bc0"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "memoffset"
+version = "0.6.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5aa361d4faea93603064a027415f07bd8e1d5c88c9fbf68bf56a285428fd79ce"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "miniz_oxide"
 version = "0.8.9"
@@ -229,15 +244,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "nix"
-version = "0.14.1"
+version = "0.23.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6c722bee1037d430d0f8e687bbdbf222f27cc6e4e68d5caf630857bb2b6dbdce"
+checksum = "8f3790c00a0150112de0f4cd161e3d7fc4b2d8a5542ffc35f099a2562aecb35c"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
  "cc",
- "cfg-if 0.1.10",
+ "cfg-if 1.0.3",
  "libc",
- "void",
+ "memoffset",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -362,11 +377,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sysfs_gpio"
-version = "0.5.4"
+version = "0.6.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "24961a55846623d8e4f6cec38718945116fed8d6970336a7110710a07aa9b5d1"
+checksum = "e8808c55bc926565c62ef7838bcaa8add51585236803e2bdfa1472e3a3ab5e17"
 dependencies = [
- "nix 0.14.1",
+ "nix 0.23.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index a342e07..9953481 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Rust applications or any other applications.
 [dependencies]
 clap = "2.2"
 error-chain = "0.12"
-sysfs_gpio = "0.5.2"
+sysfs_gpio = "0.6.2"
 toml = "0.4"
 glob = "0.2"
 lazy_static = "1.1"

From a76cd74add10aaa23fae98ef3351bed9c406bfa3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jan Niehusmann <jan@gondor.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 21:00:21 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 06/15] cargo fmt

---
 src/export.rs |  10 +--
 src/main.rs   | 230 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 2 files changed, 136 insertions(+), 104 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/export.rs b/src/export.rs
index 788b918..3d15236 100644
--- a/src/export.rs
+++ b/src/export.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 use crate::config::PinConfig;
 use crate::error::*;
-use nix::unistd::{chown, Gid, Uid};
+use nix::unistd::{Gid, Uid, chown};
 use std::fs;
 use std::io::ErrorKind;
 use std::os::unix::fs as unix_fs;
@@ -126,14 +126,10 @@ pub fn export(pin_config: &PinConfig, symlink_root: Option<&str>) -> Result<()>
         fs::create_dir_all(symroot)?;
 
         // set active low
-        pin_config
-            .get_pin()
-            .set_active_low(pin_config.active_low)?;
+        pin_config.get_pin().set_active_low(pin_config.active_low)?;
 
         // set the pin direction
-        pin_config
-            .get_pin()
-            .set_direction(pin_config.direction)?;
+        pin_config.get_pin().set_direction(pin_config.direction)?;
 
         // create symlink for each name
         for name in &pin_config.names {
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index 6e77562..1a29246 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -23,112 +23,148 @@ fn main() {
         .version(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"))
         .about("Read, Write, and Configure GPIOs")
         .setting(AppSettings::SubcommandRequired)
-
         // Global options
-        .arg(Arg::with_name("config")
-             .help("additional configuration to use")
-             .takes_value(true)
-             .short("c")
-             .long("config")
-             .multiple(true)
-             .required(false))
-
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("config")
+                .help("additional configuration to use")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .short("c")
+                .long("config")
+                .multiple(true)
+                .required(false),
+        )
         // gpio read
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("read")
-                    .about("Read the value of a GPIO Input")
-                    .arg(Arg::with_name("pin")
-                         .help("The pin name (or number)")
-                         .index(1)
-                         .required(true)))
-
+        .subcommand(
+            SubCommand::with_name("read")
+                .about("Read the value of a GPIO Input")
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::with_name("pin")
+                        .help("The pin name (or number)")
+                        .index(1)
+                        .required(true),
+                ),
+        )
         // gpio poll
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("poll")
-                    .about("Wait for an event to happen on a GPIO Input")
-                    .arg(Arg::with_name("pin")
-                         .help("The pin name (or number)")
-                         .index(1)
-                         .required(true))
-                    .arg(Arg::with_name("timeout")
-                         .help("Timeout (in ms) for the poll operation (-1 to wait forever, default)")
-                         .takes_value(true)
-                         .short("t")
-                         .long("timeout")
-                         .required(false))
-                    .arg(Arg::with_name("edge")
-                         .help("The edge to poll on")
-                         .takes_value(true)
-                         .short("e")
-                         .long("edge")
-                         .required(false)))
-
+        .subcommand(
+            SubCommand::with_name("poll")
+                .about("Wait for an event to happen on a GPIO Input")
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::with_name("pin")
+                        .help("The pin name (or number)")
+                        .index(1)
+                        .required(true),
+                )
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::with_name("timeout")
+                        .help(
+                            "Timeout (in ms) for the poll operation (-1 to wait forever, default)",
+                        )
+                        .takes_value(true)
+                        .short("t")
+                        .long("timeout")
+                        .required(false),
+                )
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::with_name("edge")
+                        .help("The edge to poll on")
+                        .takes_value(true)
+                        .short("e")
+                        .long("edge")
+                        .required(false),
+                ),
+        )
         // gpio write
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("write")
-                    .about("Write the value of a GPIO Output")
-                    .arg(Arg::with_name("pin")
-                         .help("The pin name (or number)")
-                         .index(1)
-                         .required(true))
-                    .arg(Arg::with_name("value")
-                         .help("Value to write to pin (0|1)")
-                         .index(2)
-                         .required(true)))
-
+        .subcommand(
+            SubCommand::with_name("write")
+                .about("Write the value of a GPIO Output")
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::with_name("pin")
+                        .help("The pin name (or number)")
+                        .index(1)
+                        .required(true),
+                )
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::with_name("value")
+                        .help("Value to write to pin (0|1)")
+                        .index(2)
+                        .required(true),
+                ),
+        )
         // gpio export
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("export")
-                    .about("Export a given GPIO")
-                    .arg(Arg::with_name("pin")
-                         .help("The pin name (or number)")
-                         .index(1)
-                         .required(true))
-                    .arg(Arg::with_name("symlink-root")
-                         .help("root directory for export symlinks")
-                         .takes_value(true)
-                         .short("r")
-                         .long("symlink-root")
-                         .required(false)))
-
+        .subcommand(
+            SubCommand::with_name("export")
+                .about("Export a given GPIO")
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::with_name("pin")
+                        .help("The pin name (or number)")
+                        .index(1)
+                        .required(true),
+                )
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::with_name("symlink-root")
+                        .help("root directory for export symlinks")
+                        .takes_value(true)
+                        .short("r")
+                        .long("symlink-root")
+                        .required(false),
+                ),
+        )
         // gpio export-all
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("export-all")
-                    .about("Export all configured GPIOs")
-                    .arg(Arg::with_name("symlink-root")
-                         .help("root directory for export symlinks")
-                         .takes_value(true)
-                         .short("r")
-                         .long("symlink-root")
-                         .required(false)))
-
+        .subcommand(
+            SubCommand::with_name("export-all")
+                .about("Export all configured GPIOs")
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::with_name("symlink-root")
+                        .help("root directory for export symlinks")
+                        .takes_value(true)
+                        .short("r")
+                        .long("symlink-root")
+                        .required(false),
+                ),
+        )
         // gpio unexport
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("unexport")
-                    .about("Unexport a given GPIO")
-                    .arg(Arg::with_name("pin")
-                         .help("The pin name (or number)")
-                         .index(1)
-                         .required(true))
-                    .arg(Arg::with_name("symlink-root")
-                         .help("root directory for export symlinks")
-                         .takes_value(true)
-                         .short("r")
-                         .long("symlink-root")
-                         .required(false)))
-
+        .subcommand(
+            SubCommand::with_name("unexport")
+                .about("Unexport a given GPIO")
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::with_name("pin")
+                        .help("The pin name (or number)")
+                        .index(1)
+                        .required(true),
+                )
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::with_name("symlink-root")
+                        .help("root directory for export symlinks")
+                        .takes_value(true)
+                        .short("r")
+                        .long("symlink-root")
+                        .required(false),
+                ),
+        )
         // gpio unexport-all
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("unexport-all")
-                    .about("Unexport all configured, exported GPIOs")
-                    .arg(Arg::with_name("symlink-root")
-                         .help("root directory for export symlinks")
-                         .takes_value(true)
-                         .short("r")
-                         .long("symlink-root")
-                         .required(false)))
-
+        .subcommand(
+            SubCommand::with_name("unexport-all")
+                .about("Unexport all configured, exported GPIOs")
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::with_name("symlink-root")
+                        .help("root directory for export symlinks")
+                        .takes_value(true)
+                        .short("r")
+                        .long("symlink-root")
+                        .required(false),
+                ),
+        )
         // gpio status
-        .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("status")
-                    .about("Output status of a GPIO or all GPIOs if no pin is specified")
-                    .arg(Arg::with_name("pin")
-                         .help("The pin name (or number)")
-                         .index(1)
-                         .required(false)))
-
+        .subcommand(
+            SubCommand::with_name("status")
+                .about("Output status of a GPIO or all GPIOs if no pin is specified")
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::with_name("pin")
+                        .help("The pin name (or number)")
+                        .index(1)
+                        .required(false),
+                ),
+        )
         .get_matches();
 
     // process global options

From 1aaf90cfdfdb6baa6724c12a4539915b36595759 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christian Meusel <christian.meusel@posteo.de>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 23:18:51 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 07/15] Clean up use clauses for dependencies

Nowaday's Rust requires way less verbosity here and allows to specify the
macros to import into scope explicitly.
---
 src/config.rs |  1 +
 src/error.rs  |  1 +
 src/export.rs |  1 +
 src/lib.rs    | 14 --------------
 4 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/config.rs b/src/config.rs
index 170449e..6dc6b2d 100644
--- a/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/config.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 // except according to those terms.
 
 use glob::glob;
+use serde_derive::Deserialize;
 use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap};
 use std::fmt;
 use std::fs::{self, File};
diff --git a/src/error.rs b/src/error.rs
index 0ac667e..230ee9c 100644
--- a/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/error.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 // option.  This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
 // except according to those terms.
 
+use error_chain::error_chain;
 use nix::Error as NixError;
 use std::io::Error as IoError;
 use sysfs_gpio::Error as GpioError;
diff --git a/src/export.rs b/src/export.rs
index 3d15236..446b110 100644
--- a/src/export.rs
+++ b/src/export.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 use crate::config::PinConfig;
 use crate::error::*;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use nix::unistd::{Gid, Uid, chown};
 use std::fs;
 use std::io::ErrorKind;
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index 90f0eed..39291cb 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -6,20 +6,6 @@
 // option.  This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
 // except according to those terms.
 
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate error_chain;
-extern crate glob;
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate lazy_static;
-extern crate log;
-extern crate nix;
-extern crate serde;
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate serde_derive;
-extern crate sysfs_gpio;
-extern crate toml;
-extern crate users;
-
 pub mod commands;
 pub mod config;
 pub mod error;

From 6991e439fdbfb586b5346d7f69b0042e84c8b888 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christian Meusel <christian.meusel@posteo.de>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 23:27:41 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 08/15] Replace unmaintained dep users with more active uzers

---
 Cargo.lock    | 8 ++++----
 Cargo.toml    | 2 +-
 src/export.rs | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 4064bef..6132a62 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_derive",
  "sysfs_gpio",
  "toml",
- "users",
+ "uzers",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -424,10 +424,10 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7dd6e30e90baa6f72411720665d41d89b9a3d039dc45b8faea1ddd07f617f6af"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "users"
-version = "0.8.1"
+name = "uzers"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7fed7d0912567d35f88010c23dbaf865e9da8b5227295e8dc0f2fdd109155ab7"
+checksum = "4df81ff504e7d82ad53e95ed1ad5b72103c11253f39238bcc0235b90768a97dd"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 9953481..3bbcddc 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ env_logger = "0.5"
 nix = "0.11"
 serde_derive = "1.0"
 serde = "1.0"
-users = "0.8"
+uzers = { version = "0.12.1", default-features = false, features = ["cache"] }
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "gpio"
diff --git a/src/export.rs b/src/export.rs
index 446b110..b5f9f90 100644
--- a/src/export.rs
+++ b/src/export.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
 use std::path;
 use std::sync::Mutex;
 use sysfs_gpio;
-use users::{Groups, Users, UsersCache};
+use uzers::{Groups, Users, UsersCache};
 
 lazy_static! {
     static ref USERS_CACHE: Mutex<UsersCache> = Mutex::new(UsersCache::new());

From 4df6a2c2b8579ad7232b17937ed59275512e4e5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christian Meusel <christian.meusel@posteo.de>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 23:41:53 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 09/15] Set MSRV to 1.75.0 as shipped by today's Yocto

This inlcludes updating some formatting and pinning backtrace to the latest
version supporting this Rust version.
---
 Cargo.lock    | 7 ++++---
 Cargo.toml    | 6 +++++-
 src/export.rs | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 6132a62..9afbbdc 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
-version = 4
+version = 3
 
 [[package]]
 name = "addr2line"
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ checksum = "c08606f8c3cbf4ce6ec8e28fb0014a2c086708fe954eaa885384a6165172e7e8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "backtrace"
-version = "0.3.75"
+version = "0.3.74"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6806a6321ec58106fea15becdad98371e28d92ccbc7c8f1b3b6dd724fe8f1002"
+checksum = "8d82cb332cdfaed17ae235a638438ac4d4839913cc2af585c3c6746e8f8bee1a"
 dependencies = [
  "addr2line",
  "cfg-if 1.0.3",
@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ checksum = "8be18de09a56b60ed0edf84bc9df007e30040691af7acd1c41874faac5895bfb"
 name = "gpio-utils"
 version = "0.3.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "backtrace",
  "clap",
  "env_logger",
  "error-chain",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 3bbcddc..59b045d 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
 readme = "README.md"
 homepage = "https://github.com/rust-embedded/gpio-utils"
 keywords = ["gpio", "linux", "sysfs_gpio", "cli", "command-line"]
-edition = "2024"
+edition = "2021"
+rust-version = "1.75.0"
 description = """
 Command-line utilities for interacting with GPIOs under Linux
 
@@ -29,6 +30,9 @@ serde_derive = "1.0"
 serde = "1.0"
 uzers = { version = "0.12.1", default-features = false, features = ["cache"] }
 
+# TODO Unpin this dependency after bumping our MSRV beyond 1.75.0.
+backtrace = "=0.3.74"
+
 [[bin]]
 name = "gpio"
 path = "src/main.rs"
diff --git a/src/export.rs b/src/export.rs
index b5f9f90..5ec994e 100644
--- a/src/export.rs
+++ b/src/export.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 use crate::config::PinConfig;
 use crate::error::*;
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-use nix::unistd::{Gid, Uid, chown};
+use nix::unistd::{chown, Gid, Uid};
 use std::fs;
 use std::io::ErrorKind;
 use std::os::unix::fs as unix_fs;

From 84b98f5bd908a62e6550934bebbd1a3132922e7e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christian Meusel <christian.meusel@posteo.de>
Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2025 17:00:05 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 10/15] Bump clap and switch from builder to derive

---
 Cargo.lock  | 261 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 Cargo.toml  |   2 +-
 src/main.rs | 353 +++++++++++++++++++---------------------------------
 3 files changed, 337 insertions(+), 279 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 9afbbdc..24f2c66 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -27,12 +27,53 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "ansi_term"
-version = "0.12.1"
+name = "anstream"
+version = "0.6.20"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d52a9bb7ec0cf484c551830a7ce27bd20d67eac647e1befb56b0be4ee39a55d2"
+checksum = "3ae563653d1938f79b1ab1b5e668c87c76a9930414574a6583a7b7e11a8e6192"
 dependencies = [
- "winapi",
+ "anstyle",
+ "anstyle-parse",
+ "anstyle-query",
+ "anstyle-wincon",
+ "colorchoice",
+ "is_terminal_polyfill",
+ "utf8parse",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle"
+version = "1.0.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "862ed96ca487e809f1c8e5a8447f6ee2cf102f846893800b20cebdf541fc6bbd"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-parse"
+version = "0.2.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4e7644824f0aa2c7b9384579234ef10eb7efb6a0deb83f9630a49594dd9c15c2"
+dependencies = [
+ "utf8parse",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-query"
+version = "1.1.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9e231f6134f61b71076a3eab506c379d4f36122f2af15a9ff04415ea4c3339e2"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-sys 0.60.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-wincon"
+version = "3.0.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3e0633414522a32ffaac8ac6cc8f748e090c5717661fddeea04219e2344f5f2a"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstyle",
+ "once_cell_polyfill",
+ "windows-sys 0.60.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -64,7 +105,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "miniz_oxide",
  "object",
  "rustc-demangle",
- "windows-targets",
+ "windows-targets 0.52.6",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -75,9 +116,9 @@ checksum = "bef38d45163c2f1dde094a7dfd33ccf595c92905c8f8f4fdc18d06fb1037718a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
-version = "1.2.37"
+version = "1.2.38"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "65193589c6404eb80b450d618eaf9a2cafaaafd57ecce47370519ef674a7bd44"
+checksum = "80f41ae168f955c12fb8960b057d70d0ca153fb83182b57d86380443527be7e9"
 dependencies = [
  "find-msvc-tools",
  "shlex",
@@ -97,19 +138,50 @@ checksum = "2fd1289c04a9ea8cb22300a459a72a385d7c73d3259e2ed7dcb2af674838cfa9"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
-version = "2.34.0"
+version = "4.5.48"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a0610544180c38b88101fecf2dd634b174a62eef6946f84dfc6a7127512b381c"
+checksum = "e2134bb3ea021b78629caa971416385309e0131b351b25e01dc16fb54e1b5fae"
 dependencies = [
- "ansi_term",
- "atty",
- "bitflags",
+ "clap_builder",
+ "clap_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "clap_builder"
+version = "4.5.48"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c2ba64afa3c0a6df7fa517765e31314e983f51dda798ffba27b988194fb65dc9"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstream",
+ "anstyle",
+ "clap_lex",
  "strsim",
- "textwrap",
- "unicode-width",
- "vec_map",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "clap_derive"
+version = "4.5.47"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bbfd7eae0b0f1a6e63d4b13c9c478de77c2eb546fba158ad50b4203dc24b9f9c"
+dependencies = [
+ "heck",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "clap_lex"
+version = "0.7.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b94f61472cee1439c0b966b47e3aca9ae07e45d070759512cd390ea2bebc6675"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "colorchoice"
+version = "1.0.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b05b61dc5112cbb17e4b6cd61790d9845d13888356391624cbe7e41efeac1e75"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "env_logger"
 version = "0.5.13"
@@ -135,9 +207,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "find-msvc-tools"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7fd99930f64d146689264c637b5af2f0233a933bef0d8570e2526bf9e083192d"
+checksum = "1ced73b1dacfc750a6db6c0a0c3a3853c8b41997e2e2c563dc90804ae6867959"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "gimli"
@@ -170,6 +242,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "uzers",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "heck"
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2304e00983f87ffb38b55b444b5e3b60a884b5d30c0fca7d82fe33449bbe55ea"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hermit-abi"
 version = "0.1.19"
@@ -188,6 +266,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "quick-error",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "is_terminal_polyfill"
+version = "1.70.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7943c866cc5cd64cbc25b2e01621d07fa8eb2a1a23160ee81ce38704e97b8ecf"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lazy_static"
 version = "1.5.0"
@@ -265,6 +349,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "once_cell_polyfill"
+version = "1.70.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a4895175b425cb1f87721b59f0f286c2092bd4af812243672510e1ac53e2e0ad"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
 version = "1.0.101"
@@ -326,27 +416,27 @@ checksum = "56f7d92ca342cea22a06f2121d944b4fd82af56988c270852495420f961d4ace"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
-version = "1.0.225"
+version = "1.0.226"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fd6c24dee235d0da097043389623fb913daddf92c76e9f5a1db88607a0bcbd1d"
+checksum = "0dca6411025b24b60bfa7ec1fe1f8e710ac09782dca409ee8237ba74b51295fd"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_core"
-version = "1.0.225"
+version = "1.0.226"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "659356f9a0cb1e529b24c01e43ad2bdf520ec4ceaf83047b83ddcc2251f96383"
+checksum = "ba2ba63999edb9dac981fb34b3e5c0d111a69b0924e253ed29d83f7c99e966a4"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_derive"
-version = "1.0.225"
+version = "1.0.226"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0ea936adf78b1f766949a4977b91d2f5595825bd6ec079aa9543ad2685fc4516"
+checksum = "8db53ae22f34573731bafa1db20f04027b2d25e02d8205921b569171699cdb33"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -361,9 +451,9 @@ checksum = "0fda2ff0d084019ba4d7c6f371c95d8fd75ce3524c3cb8fb653a3023f6323e64"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "strsim"
-version = "0.8.0"
+version = "0.11.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8ea5119cdb4c55b55d432abb513a0429384878c15dde60cc77b1c99de1a95a6a"
+checksum = "7da8b5736845d9f2fcb837ea5d9e2628564b3b043a70948a3f0b778838c5fb4f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
@@ -394,15 +484,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "winapi-util",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "textwrap"
-version = "0.11.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d326610f408c7a4eb6f51c37c330e496b08506c9457c9d34287ecc38809fb060"
-dependencies = [
- "unicode-width",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "toml"
 version = "0.4.10"
@@ -419,10 +500,10 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f63a545481291138910575129486daeaf8ac54aee4387fe7906919f7830c7d9d"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "unicode-width"
-version = "0.1.14"
+name = "utf8parse"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7dd6e30e90baa6f72411720665d41d89b9a3d039dc45b8faea1ddd07f617f6af"
+checksum = "06abde3611657adf66d383f00b093d7faecc7fa57071cce2578660c9f1010821"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "uzers"
@@ -433,12 +514,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "vec_map"
-version = "0.8.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f1bddf1187be692e79c5ffeab891132dfb0f236ed36a43c7ed39f1165ee20191"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "version_check"
 version = "0.9.5"
@@ -473,7 +548,7 @@ version = "0.1.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c2a7b1c03c876122aa43f3020e6c3c3ee5c05081c9a00739faf7503aeba10d22"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -482,19 +557,34 @@ version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-link"
+version = "0.1.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5e6ad25900d524eaabdbbb96d20b4311e1e7ae1699af4fb28c17ae66c80d798a"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-link"
 version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "45e46c0661abb7180e7b9c281db115305d49ca1709ab8242adf09666d2173c65"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-sys"
+version = "0.60.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f2f500e4d28234f72040990ec9d39e3a6b950f9f22d3dba18416c35882612bcb"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-targets 0.53.3",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
 version = "0.61.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e201184e40b2ede64bc2ea34968b28e33622acdbbf37104f0e4a33f7abe657aa"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-link",
+ "windows-link 0.2.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -503,14 +593,31 @@ version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9b724f72796e036ab90c1021d4780d4d3d648aca59e491e6b98e725b84e99973"
 dependencies = [
- "windows_aarch64_gnullvm",
- "windows_aarch64_msvc",
- "windows_i686_gnu",
- "windows_i686_gnullvm",
- "windows_i686_msvc",
- "windows_x86_64_gnu",
- "windows_x86_64_gnullvm",
- "windows_x86_64_msvc",
+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.52.6",
+ "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.52.6",
+ "windows_i686_gnu 0.52.6",
+ "windows_i686_gnullvm 0.52.6",
+ "windows_i686_msvc 0.52.6",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.52.6",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.52.6",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.52.6",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-targets"
+version = "0.53.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d5fe6031c4041849d7c496a8ded650796e7b6ecc19df1a431c1a363342e5dc91"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link 0.1.3",
+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.53.0",
+ "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.53.0",
+ "windows_i686_gnu 0.53.0",
+ "windows_i686_gnullvm 0.53.0",
+ "windows_i686_msvc 0.53.0",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.53.0",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.53.0",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.53.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -519,44 +626,92 @@ version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "32a4622180e7a0ec044bb555404c800bc9fd9ec262ec147edd5989ccd0c02cd3"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.53.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "86b8d5f90ddd19cb4a147a5fa63ca848db3df085e25fee3cc10b39b6eebae764"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
 version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "09ec2a7bb152e2252b53fa7803150007879548bc709c039df7627cabbd05d469"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
+version = "0.53.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c7651a1f62a11b8cbd5e0d42526e55f2c99886c77e007179efff86c2b137e66c"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_gnu"
 version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8e9b5ad5ab802e97eb8e295ac6720e509ee4c243f69d781394014ebfe8bbfa0b"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_gnu"
+version = "0.53.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c1dc67659d35f387f5f6c479dc4e28f1d4bb90ddd1a5d3da2e5d97b42d6272c3"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_gnullvm"
 version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0eee52d38c090b3caa76c563b86c3a4bd71ef1a819287c19d586d7334ae8ed66"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_gnullvm"
+version = "0.53.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9ce6ccbdedbf6d6354471319e781c0dfef054c81fbc7cf83f338a4296c0cae11"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_msvc"
 version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "240948bc05c5e7c6dabba28bf89d89ffce3e303022809e73deaefe4f6ec56c66"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_msvc"
+version = "0.53.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "581fee95406bb13382d2f65cd4a908ca7b1e4c2f1917f143ba16efe98a589b5d"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
 version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "147a5c80aabfbf0c7d901cb5895d1de30ef2907eb21fbbab29ca94c5b08b1a78"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
+version = "0.53.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2e55b5ac9ea33f2fc1716d1742db15574fd6fc8dadc51caab1c16a3d3b4190ba"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
 version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "24d5b23dc417412679681396f2b49f3de8c1473deb516bd34410872eff51ed0d"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.53.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0a6e035dd0599267ce1ee132e51c27dd29437f63325753051e71dd9e42406c57"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
 version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "589f6da84c646204747d1270a2a5661ea66ed1cced2631d546fdfb155959f9ec"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
+version = "0.53.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "271414315aff87387382ec3d271b52d7ae78726f5d44ac98b4f4030c91880486"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 59b045d..e92b9c4 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Rust applications or any other applications.
 """
 
 [dependencies]
-clap = "2.2"
+clap = { version = "4.5", features = ["derive"] }
 error-chain = "0.12"
 sysfs_gpio = "0.6.2"
 toml = "0.4"
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index 1a29246..714577a 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -5,267 +5,170 @@
 // <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
 // option.  This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
 // except according to those terms.
-extern crate clap;
-extern crate env_logger;
-extern crate gpio_utils;
-extern crate log;
 
-use clap::{App, AppSettings, Arg, SubCommand};
+use clap::{Parser, Subcommand};
 use gpio_utils::commands::*;
 use gpio_utils::config::{self, GpioConfig};
 use gpio_utils::options::*;
-use std::process::exit;
+use std::process;
+
+#[derive(Parser)]
+#[command(
+    name = "GPIO Utils",
+    version,
+    about = "Read, Write, and Configure GPIOs"
+)]
+struct Cli {
+    /// additional configuration to use
+    #[arg(short, long)]
+    configs: Vec<String>,
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    command: Commands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum Commands {
+    /// Read the value of a GPIO Input
+    Read {
+        /// The pin name (or number)
+        pin: String,
+    },
+    /// Wait for an event to happen on a GPIO Input
+    Poll {
+        /// The pin name (or number)
+        pin: String,
+        /// Timeout (in ms) for the poll operation (-1 to wait forever, default)
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        timeout: Option<isize>,
+        /// The edge to poll on
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        edge: Option<String>,
+    },
+    /// Write the value of a GPIO Output
+    Write {
+        /// The pin name (or number)
+        pin: String,
+        /// Value to write to pin (0|1)
+        value: u8,
+    },
+    /// Export a given GPIO
+    Export {
+        /// The pin name (or number)
+        pin: String,
+        /// root directory for export symlinks
+        #[arg(short = 'r', long)]
+        symlink_root: Option<String>,
+    },
+    /// Export all configured GPIOs
+    ExportAll {
+        /// Export all configured GPIOs
+        #[arg(short = 'r', long)]
+        symlink_root: Option<String>,
+    },
+    /// Export all configured GPIOs
+    Unexport {
+        /// The pin name (or number)
+        pin: String,
+        /// root directory for export symlinks
+        #[arg(short = 'r', long)]
+        symlink_root: Option<String>,
+    },
+    /// Unexport all configured, exported GPIOs
+    UnexportAll {
+        /// root directory for export symlinks
+        #[arg(short = 'r', long)]
+        symlink_root: Option<String>,
+    },
+    /// Output status of a GPIO or all GPIOs if no pin is specified
+    Status {
+        /// The pin name (or number)
+        pin: Option<String>,
+    },
+}
 
 fn main() {
     env_logger::init();
 
-    let matches = App::new("GPIO Utils")
-        .version(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"))
-        .about("Read, Write, and Configure GPIOs")
-        .setting(AppSettings::SubcommandRequired)
-        // Global options
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("config")
-                .help("additional configuration to use")
-                .takes_value(true)
-                .short("c")
-                .long("config")
-                .multiple(true)
-                .required(false),
-        )
-        // gpio read
-        .subcommand(
-            SubCommand::with_name("read")
-                .about("Read the value of a GPIO Input")
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::with_name("pin")
-                        .help("The pin name (or number)")
-                        .index(1)
-                        .required(true),
-                ),
-        )
-        // gpio poll
-        .subcommand(
-            SubCommand::with_name("poll")
-                .about("Wait for an event to happen on a GPIO Input")
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::with_name("pin")
-                        .help("The pin name (or number)")
-                        .index(1)
-                        .required(true),
-                )
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::with_name("timeout")
-                        .help(
-                            "Timeout (in ms) for the poll operation (-1 to wait forever, default)",
-                        )
-                        .takes_value(true)
-                        .short("t")
-                        .long("timeout")
-                        .required(false),
-                )
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::with_name("edge")
-                        .help("The edge to poll on")
-                        .takes_value(true)
-                        .short("e")
-                        .long("edge")
-                        .required(false),
-                ),
-        )
-        // gpio write
-        .subcommand(
-            SubCommand::with_name("write")
-                .about("Write the value of a GPIO Output")
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::with_name("pin")
-                        .help("The pin name (or number)")
-                        .index(1)
-                        .required(true),
-                )
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::with_name("value")
-                        .help("Value to write to pin (0|1)")
-                        .index(2)
-                        .required(true),
-                ),
-        )
-        // gpio export
-        .subcommand(
-            SubCommand::with_name("export")
-                .about("Export a given GPIO")
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::with_name("pin")
-                        .help("The pin name (or number)")
-                        .index(1)
-                        .required(true),
-                )
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::with_name("symlink-root")
-                        .help("root directory for export symlinks")
-                        .takes_value(true)
-                        .short("r")
-                        .long("symlink-root")
-                        .required(false),
-                ),
-        )
-        // gpio export-all
-        .subcommand(
-            SubCommand::with_name("export-all")
-                .about("Export all configured GPIOs")
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::with_name("symlink-root")
-                        .help("root directory for export symlinks")
-                        .takes_value(true)
-                        .short("r")
-                        .long("symlink-root")
-                        .required(false),
-                ),
-        )
-        // gpio unexport
-        .subcommand(
-            SubCommand::with_name("unexport")
-                .about("Unexport a given GPIO")
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::with_name("pin")
-                        .help("The pin name (or number)")
-                        .index(1)
-                        .required(true),
-                )
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::with_name("symlink-root")
-                        .help("root directory for export symlinks")
-                        .takes_value(true)
-                        .short("r")
-                        .long("symlink-root")
-                        .required(false),
-                ),
-        )
-        // gpio unexport-all
-        .subcommand(
-            SubCommand::with_name("unexport-all")
-                .about("Unexport all configured, exported GPIOs")
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::with_name("symlink-root")
-                        .help("root directory for export symlinks")
-                        .takes_value(true)
-                        .short("r")
-                        .long("symlink-root")
-                        .required(false),
-                ),
-        )
-        // gpio status
-        .subcommand(
-            SubCommand::with_name("status")
-                .about("Output status of a GPIO or all GPIOs if no pin is specified")
-                .arg(
-                    Arg::with_name("pin")
-                        .help("The pin name (or number)")
-                        .index(1)
-                        .required(false),
-                ),
-        )
-        .get_matches();
+    let cli = Cli::parse();
 
-    // process global options
-    let gpio_options = GpioOptions {
-        configs: matches.values_of_lossy("config").unwrap_or_default(),
+    let gpio_opts = GpioOptions {
+        configs: cli.configs.clone(),
     };
 
     // parse the config
-    let cfg = match GpioConfig::load(&gpio_options.configs[..]) {
+    let cfg = match GpioConfig::load(&gpio_opts.configs[..]) {
         Ok(cfg) => cfg,
         Err(config::Error::NoConfigFound) => Default::default(),
         Err(e) => {
             println!("Error parsing config.  Details follow...");
             println!("{}", e);
-            std::process::exit(1);
+            process::exit(1);
         }
     };
 
-    match matches.subcommand() {
-        ("read", Some(m)) => {
-            let read_options = GpioReadOptions {
-                gpio_opts: gpio_options,
-                pin: m.value_of("pin").unwrap(),
+    // TODO: Why are we passing the gpio_options and the config parsed from it to `gpio_read::main`
+    // and the other handlers?
+    match cli.command {
+        Commands::Read { pin } => {
+            let options = GpioReadOptions {
+                gpio_opts,
+                pin: &pin,
             };
-            gpio_read::main(&cfg, &read_options);
+            gpio_read::main(&cfg, &options);
         }
-        ("poll", Some(m)) => {
-            let timeout = m.value_of("timeout").map(|timeout| {
-                timeout.parse::<isize>().unwrap_or_else(|_| {
-                    println!("Unable to parse timeout value {:?} as integer", timeout);
-                    exit(1);
-                })
-            });
-            let poll_options = GpioPollOptions {
-                gpio_opts: gpio_options,
-                edge: m.value_of("edge").unwrap_or("both"),
-                pin: m.value_of("pin").unwrap(),
+        Commands::Poll { pin, timeout, edge } => {
+            let options = GpioPollOptions {
+                gpio_opts,
                 timeout,
+                edge: &edge.unwrap_or_else(|| String::from("both")),
+                pin: &pin,
             };
-            gpio_poll::main(&cfg, &poll_options);
+            gpio_poll::main(&cfg, &options);
         }
-        ("write", Some(m)) => {
-            let write_options = GpioWriteOptions {
-                gpio_opts: gpio_options,
-                pin: m.value_of("pin").unwrap(),
-                value: match m.value_of("value").unwrap().parse::<u8>() {
-                    Ok(value) => value,
-                    Err(_) => {
-                        println!(
-                            "Provided value {:?} is not valid",
-                            m.value_of("value").unwrap()
-                        );
-                        exit(1);
-                    }
-                },
+        Commands::Write { pin, value } => {
+            let options = GpioWriteOptions {
+                gpio_opts,
+                pin: &pin,
+                value,
             };
-            gpio_write::main(&cfg, &write_options);
+            gpio_write::main(&cfg, &options);
         }
-        ("export", Some(m)) => {
-            let export_options = GpioExportOptions {
-                gpio_opts: gpio_options,
-                pin: m.value_of("pin").unwrap(),
-                symlink_root: match m.value_of("symlink-root") {
-                    Some(slr) => Some(slr),
-                    None => None,
-                },
+        Commands::Export { pin, symlink_root } => {
+            let options = GpioExportOptions {
+                gpio_opts,
+                pin: &pin,
+                symlink_root: symlink_root.as_deref(),
             };
-            gpio_export::main(&cfg, &export_options);
+            gpio_export::main(&cfg, &options);
         }
-        ("export-all", Some(m)) => {
-            let exportall_options = GpioExportAllOptions {
-                gpio_opts: gpio_options,
-                symlink_root: match m.value_of("symlink-root") {
-                    Some(slr) => Some(slr),
-                    None => None,
-                },
+        Commands::ExportAll { symlink_root } => {
+            let options = GpioExportAllOptions {
+                gpio_opts,
+                symlink_root: symlink_root.as_deref(),
             };
-            gpio_exportall::main(&cfg, &exportall_options);
+            gpio_exportall::main(&cfg, &options);
         }
-        ("unexport", Some(m)) => {
-            let unexport_options = GpioUnexportOptions {
-                gpio_opts: gpio_options,
-                pin: m.value_of("pin").unwrap(),
-                symlink_root: m.value_of("symlink-root"),
+        Commands::Unexport { pin, symlink_root } => {
+            let options = GpioUnexportOptions {
+                gpio_opts,
+                pin: &pin,
+                symlink_root: symlink_root.as_deref(),
             };
-            gpio_unexport::main(&cfg, &unexport_options);
+            gpio_unexport::main(&cfg, &options);
         }
-        ("unexport-all", Some(m)) => {
-            let unexportall_options = GpioUnexportAllOptions {
-                gpio_opts: gpio_options,
-                symlink_root: m.value_of("symlink-root"),
+        Commands::UnexportAll { symlink_root } => {
+            let options = GpioUnexportAllOptions {
+                gpio_opts,
+                symlink_root: symlink_root.as_deref(),
             };
-            gpio_unexportall::main(&cfg, &unexportall_options);
+            gpio_unexportall::main(&cfg, &options);
         }
-        ("status", Some(m)) => {
-            let status_options = GpioStatusOptions {
-                gpio_opts: gpio_options,
-                pin: m.value_of("pin"),
+        Commands::Status { pin } => {
+            let options = GpioStatusOptions {
+                gpio_opts,
+                pin: pin.as_deref(),
             };
-            gpio_status::main(&cfg, &status_options);
+            gpio_status::main(&cfg, &options);
         }
-        _ => {}
     }
 }

From e8c58812d656150c06dd7555ade00786f595d670 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christian Meusel <christian.meusel@posteo.de>
Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2025 18:02:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 11/15] Bump remaining dependencies

This requires pinning some transitive dependencies whose MSRV got bumped beyond
1.75.0.
---
 Cargo.lock | 236 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
 Cargo.toml |  17 ++--
 2 files changed, 128 insertions(+), 125 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 24f2c66..9c57e96 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ version = "1.1.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9e231f6134f61b71076a3eab506c379d4f36122f2af15a9ff04415ea4c3339e2"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys 0.60.2",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -73,18 +73,7 @@ checksum = "3e0633414522a32ffaac8ac6cc8f748e090c5717661fddeea04219e2344f5f2a"
 dependencies = [
  "anstyle",
  "once_cell_polyfill",
- "windows-sys 0.60.2",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "atty"
-version = "0.2.14"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d9b39be18770d11421cdb1b9947a45dd3f37e93092cbf377614828a319d5fee8"
-dependencies = [
- "hermit-abi",
- "libc",
- "winapi",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -100,7 +89,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8d82cb332cdfaed17ae235a638438ac4d4839913cc2af585c3c6746e8f8bee1a"
 dependencies = [
  "addr2line",
- "cfg-if 1.0.3",
+ "cfg-if",
  "libc",
  "miniz_oxide",
  "object",
@@ -114,6 +103,12 @@ version = "1.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "bef38d45163c2f1dde094a7dfd33ccf595c92905c8f8f4fdc18d06fb1037718a"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bitflags"
+version = "2.9.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2261d10cca569e4643e526d8dc2e62e433cc8aba21ab764233731f8d369bf394"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
 version = "1.2.38"
@@ -126,15 +121,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cfg-if"
-version = "0.1.10"
+version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4785bdd1c96b2a846b2bd7cc02e86b6b3dbf14e7e53446c4f54c92a361040822"
+checksum = "2fd1289c04a9ea8cb22300a459a72a385d7c73d3259e2ed7dcb2af674838cfa9"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "cfg-if"
-version = "1.0.3"
+name = "cfg_aliases"
+version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2fd1289c04a9ea8cb22300a459a72a385d7c73d3259e2ed7dcb2af674838cfa9"
+checksum = "613afe47fcd5fac7ccf1db93babcb082c5994d996f20b8b159f2ad1658eb5724"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
@@ -183,16 +178,26 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b05b61dc5112cbb17e4b6cd61790d9845d13888356391624cbe7e41efeac1e75"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "env_logger"
-version = "0.5.13"
+name = "env_filter"
+version = "0.1.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "15b0a4d2e39f8420210be8b27eeda28029729e2fd4291019455016c348240c38"
+checksum = "186e05a59d4c50738528153b83b0b0194d3a29507dfec16eccd4b342903397d0"
 dependencies = [
- "atty",
- "humantime",
  "log",
  "regex",
- "termcolor",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "env_logger"
+version = "0.11.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "13c863f0904021b108aa8b2f55046443e6b1ebde8fd4a15c399893aae4fa069f"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstream",
+ "anstyle",
+ "env_filter",
+ "jiff",
+ "log",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -219,9 +224,9 @@ checksum = "07e28edb80900c19c28f1072f2e8aeca7fa06b23cd4169cefe1af5aa3260783f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "glob"
-version = "0.2.11"
+version = "0.3.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8be18de09a56b60ed0edf84bc9df007e30040691af7acd1c41874faac5895bfb"
+checksum = "0cc23270f6e1808e30a928bdc84dea0b9b4136a8bc82338574f23baf47bbd280"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "gpio-utils"
@@ -234,11 +239,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "glob",
  "lazy_static",
  "log",
- "nix 0.11.1",
+ "nix 0.30.1",
  "serde",
  "serde_derive",
+ "serde_spanned",
  "sysfs_gpio",
  "toml",
+ "toml_datetime",
+ "toml_parser",
  "uzers",
 ]
 
@@ -249,28 +257,34 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2304e00983f87ffb38b55b444b5e3b60a884b5d30c0fca7d82fe33449bbe55ea"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "hermit-abi"
-version = "0.1.19"
+name = "is_terminal_polyfill"
+version = "1.70.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "62b467343b94ba476dcb2500d242dadbb39557df889310ac77c5d99100aaac33"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
-]
+checksum = "7943c866cc5cd64cbc25b2e01621d07fa8eb2a1a23160ee81ce38704e97b8ecf"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "humantime"
-version = "1.3.0"
+name = "jiff"
+version = "0.2.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "df004cfca50ef23c36850aaaa59ad52cc70d0e90243c3c7737a4dd32dc7a3c4f"
+checksum = "be1f93b8b1eb69c77f24bbb0afdf66f54b632ee39af40ca21c4365a1d7347e49"
 dependencies = [
- "quick-error",
+ "jiff-static",
+ "log",
+ "portable-atomic",
+ "portable-atomic-util",
+ "serde",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "is_terminal_polyfill"
-version = "1.70.1"
+name = "jiff-static"
+version = "0.2.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7943c866cc5cd64cbc25b2e01621d07fa8eb2a1a23160ee81ce38704e97b8ecf"
+checksum = "03343451ff899767262ec32146f6d559dd759fdadf42ff0e227c7c48f72594b4"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lazy_static"
@@ -316,28 +330,27 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "nix"
-version = "0.11.1"
+version = "0.23.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "becb657d662f1cd2ef38c7ad480ec6b8cf9e96b27adb543e594f9cf0f2e6065c"
+checksum = "8f3790c00a0150112de0f4cd161e3d7fc4b2d8a5542ffc35f099a2562aecb35c"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
  "cc",
- "cfg-if 0.1.10",
+ "cfg-if",
  "libc",
- "void",
+ "memoffset",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "nix"
-version = "0.23.2"
+version = "0.30.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8f3790c00a0150112de0f4cd161e3d7fc4b2d8a5542ffc35f099a2562aecb35c"
+checksum = "74523f3a35e05aba87a1d978330aef40f67b0304ac79c1c00b294c9830543db6"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
- "cc",
- "cfg-if 1.0.3",
+ "bitflags 2.9.4",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cfg_aliases",
  "libc",
- "memoffset",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -355,6 +368,21 @@ version = "1.70.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a4895175b425cb1f87721b59f0f286c2092bd4af812243672510e1ac53e2e0ad"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "portable-atomic"
+version = "1.11.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f84267b20a16ea918e43c6a88433c2d54fa145c92a811b5b047ccbe153674483"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "portable-atomic-util"
+version = "0.2.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d8a2f0d8d040d7848a709caf78912debcc3f33ee4b3cac47d73d1e1069e83507"
+dependencies = [
+ "portable-atomic",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
 version = "1.0.101"
@@ -364,12 +392,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "quick-error"
-version = "1.2.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a1d01941d82fa2ab50be1e79e6714289dd7cde78eba4c074bc5a4374f650dfe0"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "quote"
 version = "1.0.40"
@@ -443,6 +465,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_spanned"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2789234a13a53fc4be1b51ea1bab45a3c338bdb884862a257d10e5a74ae009e6"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde_core",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "shlex"
 version = "1.3.0"
@@ -476,21 +507,34 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "termcolor"
-version = "1.4.1"
+name = "toml"
+version = "0.9.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "06794f8f6c5c898b3275aebefa6b8a1cb24cd2c6c79397ab15774837a0bc5755"
+checksum = "ae2a4cf385da23d1d53bc15cdfa5c2109e93d8d362393c801e87da2f72f0e201"
 dependencies = [
- "winapi-util",
+ "serde_core",
+ "serde_spanned",
+ "toml_datetime",
+ "toml_parser",
+ "winnow",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "toml"
-version = "0.4.10"
+name = "toml_datetime"
+version = "0.7.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "758664fc71a3a69038656bee8b6be6477d2a6c315a6b81f7081f591bffa4111f"
+checksum = "a197c0ec7d131bfc6f7e82c8442ba1595aeab35da7adbf05b6b73cd06a16b6be"
 dependencies = [
- "serde",
+ "serde_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "toml_parser"
+version = "1.0.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b551886f449aa90d4fe2bdaa9f4a2577ad2dde302c61ecf262d80b116db95c10"
+dependencies = [
+ "winnow",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -520,55 +564,12 @@ version = "0.9.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0b928f33d975fc6ad9f86c8f283853ad26bdd5b10b7f1542aa2fa15e2289105a"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "void"
-version = "1.0.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6a02e4885ed3bc0f2de90ea6dd45ebcbb66dacffe03547fadbb0eeae2770887d"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "winapi"
-version = "0.3.9"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5c839a674fcd7a98952e593242ea400abe93992746761e38641405d28b00f419"
-dependencies = [
- "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu",
- "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu"
-version = "0.4.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "winapi-util"
-version = "0.1.11"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c2a7b1c03c876122aa43f3020e6c3c3ee5c05081c9a00739faf7503aeba10d22"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-sys 0.61.0",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu"
-version = "0.4.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-link"
 version = "0.1.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5e6ad25900d524eaabdbbb96d20b4311e1e7ae1699af4fb28c17ae66c80d798a"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-link"
-version = "0.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "45e46c0661abb7180e7b9c281db115305d49ca1709ab8242adf09666d2173c65"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
 version = "0.60.2"
@@ -578,15 +579,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-targets 0.53.3",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-sys"
-version = "0.61.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e201184e40b2ede64bc2ea34968b28e33622acdbbf37104f0e4a33f7abe657aa"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-link 0.2.0",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-targets"
 version = "0.52.6"
@@ -609,7 +601,7 @@ version = "0.53.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d5fe6031c4041849d7c496a8ded650796e7b6ecc19df1a431c1a363342e5dc91"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-link 0.1.3",
+ "windows-link",
  "windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.53.0",
  "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.53.0",
  "windows_i686_gnu 0.53.0",
@@ -715,3 +707,9 @@ name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
 version = "0.53.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "271414315aff87387382ec3d271b52d7ae78726f5d44ac98b4f4030c91880486"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winnow"
+version = "0.7.13"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "21a0236b59786fed61e2a80582dd500fe61f18b5dca67a4a067d0bc9039339cf"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index e92b9c4..a98ed5d 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -17,21 +17,26 @@ Rust applications or any other applications.
 """
 
 [dependencies]
-clap = { version = "4.5", features = ["derive"] }
+clap = { version = "4.5.48", features = ["derive"] }
 error-chain = "0.12"
 sysfs_gpio = "0.6.2"
-toml = "0.4"
-glob = "0.2"
+toml = { version = "<=0.9.6", default-features = false, features = ["parse", "serde"] }
+glob = "0.3.3"
 lazy_static = "1.1"
 log = "0.4"
-env_logger = "0.5"
-nix = "0.11"
+env_logger = "0.11.8"
+nix = { version = "0.30.1", features = ["fs", "user"] }
 serde_derive = "1.0"
 serde = "1.0"
 uzers = { version = "0.12.1", default-features = false, features = ["cache"] }
 
-# TODO Unpin this dependency after bumping our MSRV beyond 1.75.0.
+# TODO Cross check and unpin the transitive dependencies below after bumping
+# our MSRV beyond 1.75.0.
 backtrace = "=0.3.74"
+serde_spanned = "<=1.0.1"
+toml_datetime = "<=0.7.1"
+toml_parser = "<=1.0.2"
+
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "gpio"

From 2e4c28dabcae90f407e157375694873258b42ffd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christian Meusel <christian.meusel@posteo.de>
Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2025 20:20:48 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 12/15] Replace error-chain witch thiserror

---
 Cargo.lock   | 38 +++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 Cargo.toml   |  2 +-
 src/error.rs | 25 ++++++++++++++++---------
 3 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 9c57e96..ea113fa 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -200,16 +200,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "error-chain"
-version = "0.12.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2d2f06b9cac1506ece98fe3231e3cc9c4410ec3d5b1f24ae1c8946f0742cdefc"
-dependencies = [
- "backtrace",
- "version_check",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "find-msvc-tools"
 version = "0.1.2"
@@ -235,7 +225,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "backtrace",
  "clap",
  "env_logger",
- "error-chain",
  "glob",
  "lazy_static",
  "log",
@@ -244,6 +233,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_derive",
  "serde_spanned",
  "sysfs_gpio",
+ "thiserror",
  "toml",
  "toml_datetime",
  "toml_parser",
@@ -506,6 +496,26 @@ dependencies = [
  "nix 0.23.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "thiserror"
+version = "2.0.16"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3467d614147380f2e4e374161426ff399c91084acd2363eaf549172b3d5e60c0"
+dependencies = [
+ "thiserror-impl",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "thiserror-impl"
+version = "2.0.16"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6c5e1be1c48b9172ee610da68fd9cd2770e7a4056cb3fc98710ee6906f0c7960"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "toml"
 version = "0.9.6"
@@ -558,12 +568,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "version_check"
-version = "0.9.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0b928f33d975fc6ad9f86c8f283853ad26bdd5b10b7f1542aa2fa15e2289105a"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-link"
 version = "0.1.3"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index a98ed5d..d2bc5a7 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ Rust applications or any other applications.
 
 [dependencies]
 clap = { version = "4.5.48", features = ["derive"] }
-error-chain = "0.12"
 sysfs_gpio = "0.6.2"
 toml = { version = "<=0.9.6", default-features = false, features = ["parse", "serde"] }
 glob = "0.3.3"
@@ -36,6 +35,7 @@ backtrace = "=0.3.74"
 serde_spanned = "<=1.0.1"
 toml_datetime = "<=0.7.1"
 toml_parser = "<=1.0.2"
+thiserror = { version = "2.0.16", default-features = false }
 
 
 [[bin]]
diff --git a/src/error.rs b/src/error.rs
index 230ee9c..2823052 100644
--- a/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/error.rs
@@ -6,19 +6,26 @@
 // option.  This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
 // except according to those terms.
 
-use error_chain::error_chain;
 use nix::Error as NixError;
 use std::io::Error as IoError;
 use sysfs_gpio::Error as GpioError;
 
-error_chain! {
-    types {
-        Error, ErrorKind, ResultExt, Result;
-    }
+#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
+pub enum Error {
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Gpio(#[from] GpioError),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Nix(#[from] NixError),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Io(#[from] IoError),
+    #[error("{0}")]
+    Msg(String),
+}
 
-    foreign_links {
-        Gpio(GpioError);
-        Nix(NixError);
-        Io(IoError);
+impl From<String> for Error {
+    fn from(msg: String) -> Error {
+        Error::Msg(msg)
     }
 }
+
+pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;

From 9ba613568101277a7896d16a74b8f4c9de6d876f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christian Meusel <christian.meusel@posteo.de>
Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2025 20:39:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 13/15] Update MSRV in README too

---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index f998c98..fb24b54 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ reliability) and seeks to operate with a minimum of overhead.
 
 ## Minimum Supported Rust Version (MSRV)
 
-This crate is guaranteed to compile on stable Rust 1.26.2 and up. It *might*
+This crate is guaranteed to compile on stable Rust 1.75.0 and up. It *might*
 compile with older versions but that may change in any new patch release.
 
 ## Contributing

From eec178e10eb2e1f88a368eb16898f05b29501493 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christian Meusel <christian.meusel@posteo.de>
Date: Sun, 28 Sep 2025 22:54:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 14/15] Fix long name of config argument

And let the value name more prominently hint at that a filename is expected
here.
---
 src/main.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index 714577a..11c6499 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use std::process;
 )]
 struct Cli {
     /// additional configuration to use
-    #[arg(short, long)]
+    #[arg(short, long = "config", value_name = "FILE")]
     configs: Vec<String>,
     #[command(subcommand)]
     command: Commands,

From 8eb1cd814725e57e006dd8dc8870e74858b1dde1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christian Meusel <christian.meusel@posteo.de>
Date: Sun, 28 Sep 2025 23:11:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 15/15] Add initial GitHub Actions CI builds

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yaml | 59 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 59 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/ci.yaml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yaml b/.github/workflows/ci.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..639e5bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+name: CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "*"
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - "*"
+
+env:
+  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+
+jobs:
+  build-latest:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+        with:
+          toolchain: stable
+          components: clippy, rustfmt
+      - name: Build
+        run: cargo build
+      - name: Clippy
+        run: cargo clippy
+      - name: Formatting
+        run: cargo fmt -- --check
+      - name: Docs
+        run: cargo doc
+      - name: Tests
+        run: cargo test
+
+  build-msrv:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+        with:
+          toolchain: 1.75.0
+          components: clippy, rustfmt
+      - name: Build
+        run: cargo build
+      - name: Clippy
+        run: cargo clippy
+      - name: Formatting
+        run: cargo fmt -- --check
+      - name: Docs
+        run: cargo doc
+      - name: Tests
+        run: cargo test
+
+  links:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Links
+        id: lychee
+        uses: lycheeverse/lychee-action@v2