diff --git a/rest/__snapshots__/pages.test.ts.snap b/rest/__snapshots__/pages.test.ts.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d360de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rest/__snapshots__/pages.test.ts.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+export const snapshot = {};
+
+snapshot[`getPage 1`] = `
+Request {
+  bodyUsed: false,
+  headers: Headers {},
+  method: "GET",
+  redirect: "follow",
+  url: "https://scrapbox.io/api/pages/takker/%E3%83%86%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8?followRe..."
+}
+`;
+
+snapshot[`listPages 1`] = `
+Request {
+  bodyUsed: false,
+  headers: Headers {},
+  method: "GET",
+  redirect: "follow",
+  url: "https://scrapbox.io/api/pages/takker?sort=updated"
+}
+`;
diff --git a/rest/__snapshots__/project.test.ts.snap b/rest/__snapshots__/project.test.ts.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9e5ebd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rest/__snapshots__/project.test.ts.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+export const snapshot = {};
+
+snapshot[`getProject 1`] = `
+Request {
+  bodyUsed: false,
+  headers: Headers {},
+  method: "GET",
+  redirect: "follow",
+  url: "https://scrapbox.io/api/projects/takker"
+}
+`;
+
+snapshot[`listProjects 1`] = `
+Request {
+  bodyUsed: false,
+  headers: Headers {},
+  method: "GET",
+  redirect: "follow",
+  url: "https://scrapbox.io/api/projects?ids=dummy-id1&ids=dummy-id2"
+}
+`;
diff --git a/rest/error.ts b/rest/error.ts
index 639f529..3b19eaa 100644
--- a/rest/error.ts
+++ b/rest/error.ts
@@ -4,19 +4,14 @@ import { tryToErrorLike } from "../is.ts";
 /** 想定されない応答が帰ってきたときに投げる例外 */
 export class UnexpectedResponseError extends Error {
   name = "UnexpectedResponseError";
-  request: Request;
-  response: Response;
 
   constructor(
-    init: { request: Request; response: Response },
+    public response: Response,
   ) {
     super(
-      `${init.response.status} ${init.response.statusText} when fetching ${init.request.url}`,
+      `${response.status} ${response.statusText} when fetching ${response.url}`,
     );
 
-    this.request = init.request.clone();
-    this.response = init.response.clone();
-
     // @ts-ignore only available on V8
     if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
       // @ts-ignore only available on V8
@@ -27,14 +22,13 @@ export class UnexpectedResponseError extends Error {
 
 /** 失敗した要求からエラー情報を取り出す */
 export const makeError = async <T extends ErrorLike>(
-  req: Request,
   res: Response,
 ): Promise<{ ok: false; value: T }> => {
   const response = res.clone();
   const text = await response.text();
   const value = tryToErrorLike(text);
   if (!value) {
-    throw new UnexpectedResponseError({ request: req, response });
+    throw new UnexpectedResponseError(response);
   }
   return {
     ok: false,
diff --git a/rest/getGyazoToken.ts b/rest/getGyazoToken.ts
index 6dcf0e9..daefb6c 100644
--- a/rest/getGyazoToken.ts
+++ b/rest/getGyazoToken.ts
@@ -34,10 +34,7 @@ export const getGyazoToken = async (
 
   const res = await fetch(req);
   if (!res.ok) {
-    return makeError<NotLoggedInError>(
-      req,
-      res,
-    );
+    return makeError<NotLoggedInError>(res);
   }
 
   const { token } = (await res.json()) as { token?: string };
diff --git a/rest/getSnapshots.ts b/rest/getSnapshots.ts
index 4d97200..e369207 100644
--- a/rest/getSnapshots.ts
+++ b/rest/getSnapshots.ts
@@ -58,10 +58,7 @@ export const getSnapshots = async (
         },
       };
     }
-    return makeError<NotFoundError | NotLoggedInError | NotMemberError>(
-      req,
-      res,
-    );
+    return makeError<NotFoundError | NotLoggedInError | NotMemberError>(res);
   }
 
   const data = (await res.json()) as PageSnapshot;
diff --git a/rest/getTweetInfo.ts b/rest/getTweetInfo.ts
index ea30d28..4871b3e 100644
--- a/rest/getTweetInfo.ts
+++ b/rest/getTweetInfo.ts
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ export const getTweetInfo = async (
         },
       };
     }
-    return makeError<SessionError | BadRequestError>(req, res);
+    return makeError<SessionError | BadRequestError>(res);
   }
 
   const tweet = (await res.json()) as TweetInfo;
diff --git a/rest/getWebPageTitle.ts b/rest/getWebPageTitle.ts
index 9bf9bc6..0e23309 100644
--- a/rest/getWebPageTitle.ts
+++ b/rest/getWebPageTitle.ts
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ export const getWebPageTitle = async (
         },
       };
     }
-    return makeError<SessionError | BadRequestError>(req, res);
+    return makeError<SessionError | BadRequestError>(res);
   }
 
   const { title } = (await res.json()) as { title: string };
diff --git a/rest/link.ts b/rest/link.ts
index ff665e7..576925f 100644
--- a/rest/link.ts
+++ b/rest/link.ts
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ export const getLinks = async (
       };
     }
 
-    return makeError<NotFoundError | NotLoggedInError>(req, res);
+    return makeError<NotFoundError | NotLoggedInError>(res);
   }
 
   const pages = (await res.json()) as SearchedTitle[];
diff --git a/rest/page-data.ts b/rest/page-data.ts
index a795f34..6407979 100644
--- a/rest/page-data.ts
+++ b/rest/page-data.ts
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export const importPages = async (
 
   const res = await fetch(req);
   if (!res.ok) {
-    return makeError(req, res);
+    return makeError(res);
   }
 
   const { message } = (await res.json()) as { message: string };
@@ -83,9 +83,7 @@ export const exportPages = async <withMetadata extends true | false>(
   const res = await fetch(req);
 
   if (!res.ok) {
-    return makeError<
-      NotFoundError | NotPrivilegeError | NotLoggedInError
-    >(req, res);
+    return makeError<NotFoundError | NotPrivilegeError | NotLoggedInError>(res);
   }
 
   const value = (await res.json()) as ExportedData<withMetadata>;
diff --git a/rest/pages.test.ts b/rest/pages.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c7f1b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rest/pages.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { getPage, listPages } from "./pages.ts";
+import { assertSnapshot } from "../deps/testing.ts";
+
+Deno.test("getPage", async (t) => {
+  await assertSnapshot(
+    t,
+    getPage.toRequest("takker", "テストページ", { followRename: true }),
+  );
+});
+Deno.test("listPages", async (t) => {
+  await assertSnapshot(
+    t,
+    listPages.toRequest("takker", { sort: "updated" }),
+  );
+});
diff --git a/rest/pages.ts b/rest/pages.ts
index 54ac8aa..d24668a 100644
--- a/rest/pages.ts
+++ b/rest/pages.ts
@@ -14,40 +14,84 @@ import { BaseOptions, Result, setDefaults } from "./util.ts";
 export interface GetPageOption extends BaseOptions {
   /** use `followRename` */ followRename?: boolean;
 }
+
+const getPage_toRequest: GetPage["toRequest"] = (
+  project,
+  title,
+  options,
+) => {
+  const { sid, hostName, followRename } = setDefaults(options ?? {});
+  const path = `https://${hostName}/api/pages/${project}/${
+    encodeTitleURI(title)
+  }?followRename=${followRename ?? true}`;
+  return new Request(
+    path,
+    sid ? { headers: { Cookie: cookie(sid) } } : undefined,
+  );
+};
+
+const getPage_fromResponse: GetPage["fromResponse"] = async (res) => {
+  if (!res.ok) {
+    return makeError<NotFoundError | NotLoggedInError | NotMemberError>(res);
+  }
+  const value = (await res.json()) as Page;
+  return { ok: true, value };
+};
+
+export interface GetPage {
+  /** /api/pages/:project/:title の要求を組み立てる
+   *
+   * @param project 取得したいページのproject名
+   * @param title 取得したいページのtitle 大文字小文字は問わない
+   * @param options オプション
+   * @return request
+   */
+  toRequest: (
+    project: string,
+    title: string,
+    options?: GetPageOption,
+  ) => Request;
+
+  /** 帰ってきた応答からページのJSONデータを取得する
+   *
+   * @param res 応答
+   * @return ページのJSONデータ
+   */
+  fromResponse: (res: Response) => Promise<
+    Result<
+      Page,
+      NotFoundError | NotLoggedInError | NotMemberError
+    >
+  >;
+
+  (project: string, title: string, options?: GetPageOption): Promise<
+    Result<
+      Page,
+      NotFoundError | NotLoggedInError | NotMemberError
+    >
+  >;
+}
+
 /** 指定したページのJSONデータを取得する
  *
  * @param project 取得したいページのproject名
  * @param title 取得したいページのtitle 大文字小文字は問わない
  * @param options オプション
  */
-export const getPage = async (
-  project: string,
-  title: string,
-  options?: GetPageOption,
-): Promise<
-  Result<
-    Page,
-    NotFoundError | NotLoggedInError | NotMemberError
-  >
-> => {
-  const { sid, hostName, fetch, followRename } = setDefaults(options ?? {});
-  const req = new Request(
-    `https://${hostName}/api/pages/${project}/${
-      encodeTitleURI(title)
-    }?followRename=${followRename ?? true}`,
-    sid ? { headers: { Cookie: cookie(sid) } } : undefined,
-  );
+export const getPage: GetPage = async (
+  project,
+  title,
+  options,
+) => {
+  const { fetch } = setDefaults(options ?? {});
+  const req = getPage_toRequest(project, title, options);
   const res = await fetch(req);
-  if (!res.ok) {
-    return makeError<NotFoundError | NotLoggedInError | NotMemberError>(
-      req,
-      res,
-    );
-  }
-  const value = (await res.json()) as Page;
-  return { ok: true, value };
+  return await getPage_fromResponse(res);
 };
 
+getPage.toRequest = getPage_toRequest;
+getPage.fromResponse = getPage_fromResponse;
+
 /** Options for `listPages()` */
 export interface ListPagesOption extends BaseOptions {
   /** the sort of page list to return
@@ -74,39 +118,76 @@ export interface ListPagesOption extends BaseOptions {
    */
   limit?: number;
 }
-/** 指定したprojectのページを一覧する
- *
- * @param project 一覧したいproject
- * @param options オプション 取得範囲や並び順を決める
- */
-export const listPages = async (
-  project: string,
-  options?: ListPagesOption,
-): Promise<
-  Result<
-    PageList,
-    NotFoundError | NotLoggedInError | NotMemberError
-  >
-> => {
-  const { sid, hostName, fetch, sort, limit, skip } = setDefaults(
+
+export interface ListPages {
+  /** /api/pages/:project の要求を組み立てる
+   *
+   * @param project 取得したいページのproject名
+   * @param options オプション
+   * @return request
+   */
+  toRequest: (
+    project: string,
+    options?: ListPagesOption,
+  ) => Request;
+
+  /** 帰ってきた応答からページのJSONデータを取得する
+   *
+   * @param res 応答
+   * @return ページのJSONデータ
+   */
+  fromResponse: (res: Response) => Promise<
+    Result<
+      PageList,
+      NotFoundError | NotLoggedInError | NotMemberError
+    >
+  >;
+
+  (project: string, options?: ListPagesOption): Promise<
+    Result<
+      PageList,
+      NotFoundError | NotLoggedInError | NotMemberError
+    >
+  >;
+}
+
+const listPages_toRequest: ListPages["toRequest"] = (project, options) => {
+  const { sid, hostName, sort, limit, skip } = setDefaults(
     options ?? {},
   );
   const params = new URLSearchParams();
   if (sort !== undefined) params.append("sort", sort);
   if (limit !== undefined) params.append("limit", `${limit}`);
   if (skip !== undefined) params.append("skip", `${skip}`);
-  const req = new Request(
-    `https://${hostName}/api/pages/${project}?${params.toString()}`,
+  const path = `https://${hostName}/api/pages/${project}?${params.toString()}`;
+
+  return new Request(
+    path,
     sid ? { headers: { Cookie: cookie(sid) } } : undefined,
   );
+};
 
-  const res = await fetch(req);
+const listPages_fromResponse: ListPages["fromResponse"] = async (res) => {
   if (!res.ok) {
-    return makeError<NotFoundError | NotLoggedInError | NotMemberError>(
-      req,
-      res,
-    );
+    return makeError<NotFoundError | NotLoggedInError | NotMemberError>(res);
   }
   const value = (await res.json()) as PageList;
   return { ok: true, value };
 };
+
+/** 指定したprojectのページを一覧する
+ *
+ * @param project 一覧したいproject
+ * @param options オプション 取得範囲や並び順を決める
+ */
+export const listPages: ListPages = async (
+  project,
+  options?,
+) => {
+  const { fetch } = setDefaults(options ?? {});
+  const res = await fetch(listPages_toRequest(project, options));
+  return await listPages_fromResponse(res);
+};
+
+listPages.toRequest = listPages_toRequest;
+listPages.fromResponse = listPages_fromResponse;
diff --git a/rest/profile.ts b/rest/profile.ts
index 4a68f2a..f2386d5 100644
--- a/rest/profile.ts
+++ b/rest/profile.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export const getProfile = async (
   );
   const response = await fetch(request);
   if (!response.ok) {
-    throw new UnexpectedResponseError({ request, response });
+    throw new UnexpectedResponseError(response);
   }
   return (await response.json()) as MemberUser | GuestUser;
 };
diff --git a/rest/project.test.ts b/rest/project.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..044fd81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rest/project.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { getProject, listProjects } from "./project.ts";
+import { assertSnapshot } from "../deps/testing.ts";
+
+Deno.test("getProject", async (t) => {
+  await assertSnapshot(
+    t,
+    getProject.toRequest("takker"),
+  );
+});
+Deno.test("listProjects", async (t) => {
+  await assertSnapshot(
+    t,
+    listProjects.toRequest(["dummy-id1", "dummy-id2"]),
+  );
+});
diff --git a/rest/project.ts b/rest/project.ts
index 2ca7189..fe8b7c5 100644
--- a/rest/project.ts
+++ b/rest/project.ts
@@ -11,66 +11,140 @@ import { cookie } from "./auth.ts";
 import { makeError } from "./error.ts";
 import { BaseOptions, Result, setDefaults } from "./util.ts";
 
-/** get the project information
- *
- * @param project project name to get
- * @param init connect.sid etc.
- */
-export const getProject = async (
-  project: string,
-  init?: BaseOptions,
-): Promise<
-  Result<
-    MemberProject | NotMemberProject,
-    NotFoundError | NotMemberError | NotLoggedInError
-  >
-> => {
-  const { sid, hostName, fetch } = setDefaults(init ?? {});
-
-  const req = new Request(
+export interface GetProject {
+  /** /api/project/:project の要求を組み立てる
+   *
+   * @param project project name to get
+   * @param init connect.sid etc.
+   * @return request
+   */
+  toRequest: (
+    project: string,
+    options?: BaseOptions,
+  ) => Request;
+
+  /** 帰ってきた応答からprojectのJSONデータを取得する
+   *
+   * @param res 応答
+   * @return projectのJSONデータ
+   */
+  fromResponse: (res: Response) => Promise<
+    Result<
+      MemberProject | NotMemberProject,
+      NotFoundError | NotMemberError | NotLoggedInError
+    >
+  >;
+
+  (project: string, options?: BaseOptions): Promise<
+    Result<
+      MemberProject | NotMemberProject,
+      NotFoundError | NotMemberError | NotLoggedInError
+    >
+  >;
+}
+
+const getProject_toRequest: GetProject["toRequest"] = (project, init) => {
+  const { sid, hostName } = setDefaults(init ?? {});
+
+  return new Request(
     `https://${hostName}/api/projects/${project}`,
     sid ? { headers: { Cookie: cookie(sid) } } : undefined,
   );
+};
 
-  const res = await fetch(req);
-
+const getProject_fromResponse: GetProject["fromResponse"] = async (res) => {
   if (!res.ok) {
-    return makeError<NotFoundError | NotMemberError | NotLoggedInError>(
-      req,
-      res,
-    );
+    return makeError<NotFoundError | NotMemberError | NotLoggedInError>(res);
   }
 
   const value = (await res.json()) as MemberProject | NotMemberProject;
   return { ok: true, value };
 };
 
-/** list the projects' information
+/** get the project information
  *
- * @param projectIds project ids. This must have more than 1 id
+ * @param project project name to get
  * @param init connect.sid etc.
  */
-export const listProjects = async (
-  projectIds: ProjectId[],
-  init?: BaseOptions,
-): Promise<Result<ProjectResponse, NotLoggedInError>> => {
-  const { sid, hostName, fetch } = setDefaults(init ?? {});
+export const getProject: GetProject = async (
+  project,
+  init,
+) => {
+  const { fetch } = setDefaults(init ?? {});
+
+  const req = getProject_toRequest(project, init);
+  const res = await fetch(req);
+
+  return getProject_fromResponse(res);
+};
+
+getProject.toRequest = getProject_toRequest;
+getProject.fromResponse = getProject_fromResponse;
+
+export interface ListProjects {
+  /** /api/project の要求を組み立てる
+   *
+   * @param projectIds project ids. This must have more than 1 id
+   * @param init connect.sid etc.
+   * @return request
+   */
+  toRequest: (
+    projectIds: ProjectId[],
+    init?: BaseOptions,
+  ) => Request;
+
+  /** 帰ってきた応答からprojectのJSONデータを取得する
+   *
+   * @param res 応答
+   * @return projectのJSONデータ
+   */
+  fromResponse: (
+    res: Response,
+  ) => Promise<Result<ProjectResponse, NotLoggedInError>>;
+
+  (
+    projectIds: ProjectId[],
+    init?: BaseOptions,
+  ): Promise<Result<ProjectResponse, NotLoggedInError>>;
+}
+
+const ListProject_toRequest: ListProjects["toRequest"] = (projectIds, init) => {
+  const { sid, hostName } = setDefaults(init ?? {});
   const param = new URLSearchParams();
   for (const id of projectIds) {
     param.append("ids", id);
   }
 
-  const req = new Request(
+  return new Request(
     `https://${hostName}/api/projects?${param.toString()}`,
     sid ? { headers: { Cookie: cookie(sid) } } : undefined,
   );
+};
 
-  const res = await fetch(req);
-
+const ListProject_fromResponse: ListProjects["fromResponse"] = async (res) => {
   if (!res.ok) {
-    return makeError<NotLoggedInError>(req, res);
+    return makeError<NotLoggedInError>(res);
   }
 
   const value = (await res.json()) as ProjectResponse;
   return { ok: true, value };
 };
+
+/** list the projects' information
+ *
+ * @param projectIds project ids. This must have more than 1 id
+ * @param init connect.sid etc.
+ */
+export const listProjects: ListProjects = async (
+  projectIds,
+  init,
+) => {
+  const { fetch } = setDefaults(init ?? {});
+
+  const res = await fetch(ListProject_toRequest(projectIds, init));
+
+  return ListProject_fromResponse(res);
+};
+
+listProjects.toRequest = ListProject_toRequest;
+listProjects.fromResponse = ListProject_fromResponse;
diff --git a/rest/replaceLinks.ts b/rest/replaceLinks.ts
index 5d66942..630a9fc 100644
--- a/rest/replaceLinks.ts
+++ b/rest/replaceLinks.ts
@@ -47,10 +47,7 @@ export const replaceLinks = async (
   const res = await fetch(req);
 
   if (!res.ok) {
-    return makeError<NotFoundError | NotLoggedInError | NotMemberError>(
-      req,
-      res,
-    );
+    return makeError<NotFoundError | NotLoggedInError | NotMemberError>(res);
   }
 
   // messageには"2 pages have been successfully updated!"というような文字列が入っているはず
diff --git a/rest/search.ts b/rest/search.ts
index 43ec1cd..8884110 100644
--- a/rest/search.ts
+++ b/rest/search.ts
@@ -47,10 +47,7 @@ export const searchForPages = async (
         },
       };
     }
-    return makeError<NotFoundError | NotLoggedInError | NotMemberError>(
-      req,
-      res,
-    );
+    return makeError<NotFoundError | NotLoggedInError | NotMemberError>(res);
   }
 
   const value = (await res.json()) as SearchResult;
@@ -92,7 +89,7 @@ export const searchForJoinedProjects = async (
         },
       };
     }
-    return makeError<NotLoggedInError>(req, res);
+    return makeError<NotLoggedInError>(res);
   }
 
   const value = (await res.json()) as ProjectSearchResult;
@@ -145,7 +142,7 @@ export const searchForWatchList = async (
         },
       };
     }
-    return makeError<NotLoggedInError>(req, res);
+    return makeError<NotLoggedInError>(res);
   }
 
   const value = (await res.json()) as ProjectSearchResult;