diff --git a/dvc/ignore.py b/dvc/ignore.py
index 6db132d7b2..481327e827 100644
--- a/dvc/ignore.py
+++ b/dvc/ignore.py
@@ -130,6 +130,9 @@ def isdir(self, path):
     def isfile(self, path):
         return self.tree.isfile(path)
 
+    def isexec(self, path):
+        return self.tree.isexec(path)
+
     def walk(self, top, topdown=True):
         for root, dirs, files in self.tree.walk(top, topdown):
             dirs[:], files[:] = self.dvcignore(root, dirs, files)
diff --git a/dvc/repo/ls.py b/dvc/repo/ls.py
index 8f40e8cf8e..eb64bc4f0e 100644
--- a/dvc/repo/ls.py
+++ b/dvc/repo/ls.py
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-import os
-import stat
-
-from dvc.exceptions import PathMissingError, OutputNotFoundError
+from dvc.path_info import PathInfo
+from dvc.exceptions import PathMissingError
 
 
 @staticmethod
@@ -31,124 +29,74 @@ def ls(
     """
     from dvc.external_repo import external_repo
     from dvc.repo import Repo
-    from dvc.utils import relpath
 
     with external_repo(url, rev) as repo:
-        path_info = _get_path_info(repo, path)
-        fs_nodes = []
+        path_info = PathInfo(repo.root_dir)
+        if path:
+            path_info /= path
+
+        ret = {}
         if isinstance(repo, Repo):
-            fs_nodes.extend(_ls_outs_repo(repo, path_info, recursive))
+            ret = _ls(repo, path_info, recursive, True)
 
+        nondvc = {}
         if not outs_only:
-            fs_nodes.extend(_ls_files_repo(path_info, recursive))
+            nondvc = _ls(repo, path_info, recursive, False)
 
-        if path and not fs_nodes:
-            raise PathMissingError(path, repo, output_only=outs_only)
+        ret.update(nondvc)
 
-        fs_nodes = {n["path_info"]: n for n in fs_nodes}.values()
-
-        def get_entry(fs_node):
-            node_path_info = fs_node["path_info"]
-            path = (
-                node_path_info.name
-                if node_path_info == path_info
-                else relpath(node_path_info, path_info)
-            )
-            return {
-                "path": path,
-                "isout": fs_node.get("isout", False),
-                "isdir": fs_node.get("isdir", False),
-                "isexec": fs_node.get("isexec", False),
-            }
+        if path and not ret:
+            raise PathMissingError(path, repo, output_only=outs_only)
 
-        entries = sorted(map(get_entry, fs_nodes), key=lambda f: f["path"])
-    return entries
+        ret_list = []
+        for path, info in ret.items():
+            info["path"] = path
+            ret_list.append(info)
+        ret_list.sort(key=lambda f: f["path"])
+        return ret_list
 
 
-def _ls_files_repo(path_info, recursive=None):
-    from dvc.compat import fspath
+def _ls(repo, path_info, recursive=None, dvc=False):
     from dvc.ignore import CleanTree
-    from dvc.path_info import PathInfo
+    from dvc.repo.tree import DvcTree
     from dvc.scm.tree import WorkingTree
 
-    if not os.path.exists(fspath(path_info)):
-        return []
+    if dvc:
+        tree = DvcTree(repo)
+    else:
+        tree = CleanTree(WorkingTree(repo.root_dir))
 
-    files = []
-    tree = CleanTree(WorkingTree(path_info))
+    ret = {}
     try:
-        for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in tree.walk(path_info):
-            files.extend(PathInfo(dirpath, f) for f in filenames)
+        for root, dirs, files in tree.walk(path_info.fspath):
+            for fname in files:
+                info = PathInfo(root) / fname
+                path = str(info.relative_to(path_info))
+                ret[path] = {
+                    "isout": dvc,
+                    "isdir": False,
+                    "isexec": False if dvc else tree.isexec(info.fspath),
+                }
+
             if not recursive:
-                files.extend(PathInfo(dirpath, d) for d in dirnames)
+                for dname in dirs:
+                    info = PathInfo(root) / dname
+                    path = str(info.relative_to(path_info))
+                    ret[path] = {
+                        "isout": tree.isdvc(info.fspath) if dvc else False,
+                        "isdir": True,
+                        "isexec": False if dvc else tree.isexec(info.fspath),
+                    }
                 break
     except NotADirectoryError:
-        if os.path.isfile(fspath(path_info)):
-            files = [path_info]
-
-    return [_get_fs_node(f) for f in files]
-
-
-def _ls_outs_repo(repo, path_info, recursive=None):
-    from dvc.compat import fspath
-    from dvc.path_info import PathInfo
-
-    try:
-        outs = repo.find_outs_by_path(fspath(path_info), recursive=True)
-    except OutputNotFoundError:
-        return []
-
-    if recursive:
-        return [_get_fs_node(out.path_info, out) for out in outs]
-
-    def get_first_segment(out):
-        """Returns tuple with path_info and related out
-
-        path_info calculated as the first relpath segment
-        Example:
-            dir/file -> dir
-            dir/subdir/file -> dir
-            file -> file
-        """
-        relpath = out.path_info.relpath(path_info)
-        if relpath.parts:
-            out_path_info = PathInfo(path_info, relpath.parts[0])
-            isout = len(relpath.parts) == 1
-            return (out_path_info, out if isout else None)
-        return (out.path_info, out)
-
-    return [
-        _get_fs_node(p, out)
-        for (p, out) in {get_first_segment(out) for out in outs}
-    ]
-
-
-def _get_path_info(repo, path=None):
-    from dvc.path_info import PathInfo
-
-    if not path:
-        return PathInfo(repo.root_dir)
-    return PathInfo(repo.root_dir, path)
-
-
-def _get_fs_node(path_info, out=None):
-    from dvc.compat import fspath
+        return {
+            path_info.name: {
+                "isout": dvc,
+                "isdir": False,
+                "isexec": False if dvc else tree.isexec(path_info.fspath),
+            }
+        }
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return {}
 
-    if out:
-        isdir = out.is_dir_checksum if out.checksum else False
-        isexec = False
-    else:
-        try:
-            isdir = os.path.isdir(fspath(path_info))
-            mode = os.stat(fspath(path_info)).st_mode
-            isexec = mode & (stat.S_IXUSR | stat.S_IXGRP | stat.S_IXOTH)
-        except FileNotFoundError:
-            isdir = False
-            isexec = False
-
-    return {
-        "path_info": path_info,
-        "isout": bool(out),
-        "isdir": isdir,
-        "isexec": isexec,
-    }
+    return ret
diff --git a/dvc/repo/tree.py b/dvc/repo/tree.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d3992b8fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dvc/repo/tree.py
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+import errno
+
+from dvc.scm.tree import BaseTree
+from dvc.path_info import PathInfo
+from dvc.exceptions import OutputNotFoundError
+
+
+class DvcTree(BaseTree):
+    def __init__(self, repo):
+        self.repo = repo
+
+    def _find_outs(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        outs = self.repo.find_outs_by_path(path, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        def _is_cached(out):
+            return out.use_cache
+
+        outs = list(filter(_is_cached, outs))
+        if not outs:
+            raise OutputNotFoundError(path, self.repo)
+
+        return outs
+
+    def open(self, path, mode="r", encoding="utf-8"):
+        try:
+            outs = self._find_outs(path, strict=False)
+        except OutputNotFoundError as exc:
+            raise FileNotFoundError from exc
+
+        if len(outs) != 1 or outs[0].isdir():
+            raise IOError(errno.EISDIR)
+
+        out = outs[0]
+        if not out.changed_cache():
+            return open(out.cache_path.fspath, mode=mode, encoding=encoding)
+
+        raise FileNotFoundError
+
+    def exists(self, path):
+        try:
+            self._find_outs(path, strict=False, recursive=True)
+            return True
+        except OutputNotFoundError:
+            return False
+
+    def isdir(self, path):
+        if not self.exists(path):
+            return False
+
+        outs = self._find_outs(path, strict=False, recursive=True)
+
+        if len(outs) != 1 or outs[0].path_info.fspath != path:
+            return True
+
+        return outs[0].isdir()
+
+    def isfile(self, path):
+        if not self.exists(path):
+            return False
+
+        return not self.isdir(path)
+
+    def _walk(self, root, trie, topdown=True):
+        dirs = set()
+        files = []
+
+        root_len = len(root.parts)
+        for key, out in trie.iteritems(prefix=root.parts):
+            if key == root.parts:
+                continue
+
+            name = key[root_len]
+            if len(key) > root_len + 1 or out.isdir():
+                dirs.add(name)
+                continue
+
+            files.append(name)
+
+        if topdown:
+            yield root.fspath, list(dirs), files
+
+            for dname in dirs:
+                yield from self._walk(root / dname, trie)
+        else:
+            assert False
+
+    def walk(self, top, topdown=True):
+        from pygtrie import Trie
+
+        assert topdown
+
+        if not self.exists(top):
+            raise FileNotFoundError
+
+        if not self.isdir(top):
+            raise NotADirectoryError
+
+        root = PathInfo(top)
+        outs = self._find_outs(top, recursive=True, strict=False)
+
+        trie = Trie()
+
+        for out in outs:
+            trie[out.path_info.parts] = out
+
+        yield from self._walk(root, trie, topdown=topdown)
+
+    def isdvc(self, path):
+        try:
+            return len(self._find_outs(path)) == 1
+        except OutputNotFoundError:
+            pass
+        return False
+
+    def isexec(self, path):
+        return False
diff --git a/dvc/scm/tree.py b/dvc/scm/tree.py
index 440ccf21fd..21e7bb139b 100644
--- a/dvc/scm/tree.py
+++ b/dvc/scm/tree.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import os
+import stat
 
 from dvc.compat import fspath
 
@@ -75,6 +76,10 @@ def onerror(e):
         ):
             yield os.path.normpath(root), dirs, files
 
+    def isexec(self, path):
+        mode = os.stat(path).st_mode
+        return mode & (stat.S_IXUSR | stat.S_IXGRP | stat.S_IXOTH)
+
 
 def is_working_tree(tree):
     return isinstance(tree, WorkingTree) or isinstance(