Fix prewhere on non-existing JSON path with index_granularity_bytes=0

[Avogar]

Changelog category (leave one):

• Critical Bug Fix (crash, data loss, RBAC) or LOGICAL_ERROR

Changelog entry (a user-readable short description of the changes that goes into CHANGELOG.md):

Fix possible logical error in prewhere on non-existing JSON path with index_granularity_bytes=0. Resolves #86924

[clickhouse-gh]

Workflow [PR], commit [90a6e4b]

Summary: ❌

job_name	test_name	status	info	comment
Build (amd_compat)		failure
	Cmake configuration	failure	cidb
Integration tests (arm_binary, distributed plan, 2/4)		failure
	test_refreshable_mv/test.py::test_refreshable_mv_in_read_only_node_no_ddl	FAIL	cidb
	test_refreshable_mv/test.py::test_refresh_vs_shutdown_smoke	FAIL	cidb
	test_refreshable_mv/test.py::test_pause	FAIL	cidb
	test_refreshable_mv/test.py::test_backup_outer_table	FAIL	cidb, flaky
	test_refreshable_mv/test.py::test_backup_inner_table	FAIL	cidb
	test_refreshable_mv/test.py::test_adding_replica	FAIL	cidb
	test_refreshable_mv/test.py::test_replicated_db_startup_race	FAIL	cidb
Integration tests (amd_tsan, 1/6)		failure
	test_storage_s3_queue/test_parallel_inserts.py::test_parallel_inserts_with_failures[1]	FAIL	cidb, flaky
BuzzHouse (amd_debug)		failure
	Logical error: 'Inconsistent AST formatting: the query:	FAIL	cidb

[rienath]

LGTM. Once we address the CI warning, we should be ready to merge

[Avogar]

Build (amd_compat) - #90492
Integration tests (arm_binary, distributed plan, 2/4) - #90613
Integration tests (amd_tsan, 1/6) - #88931
BuzzHouse (amd_debug) - #89924