Add `closure` details to `listpeers` and `channel_state_changed` hook

[cdecker]

One of the recurring things we get asked for is "why was this channel closed?"
to which we usually just point to logs, that may not be present anymore due to
a restart. @ZmnSCPxj proposed adding a closure reason in [#4020] that'd
contain the cause of a channel closure (or more generally a state change) to
the listpeers result and to the channel_state_changed hook. I think this
could go a long way towards helping users perform cause analysis for any
unexpected closure.

Open Questions

• What state changes should be covered? Open, collaborative close,
  unilateral close, feerate adjustment, HTLC addition / removal. Arguably
  the latter two might be too detailed and cause a lot of overhead /
  noise in the status listing.
• Format of the information
• Should the information be persisted across restarts? If yes I'd argue
  we should create a single chanenl_state_change table that covers all
  possible fields, and not multiple tables.
• Would a state change history be desirable, or could that result in too
  much overhead (feerate adjustments, HTLC operations, ...)

[m-schmoock]

@cdecker
From my side:

• 'No' to the question of a state change history. Plugins can do that themselves if they need to
• On the reasons: The main distinction a user/plugin needs to make is if the channel was closed for USER/LOCAL reasons or REMOTE reasons or OTHER internal reasons. We can fiddle around to get more specific, but I think this is pretty much it.

[m-schmoock]

@cdecker

In my opinion this would require add a simple enum to the notification params like:

enum channel_state_change_reason {
	CSCR_UNKNOWN,  /* anything other than the reasons below */
	CSCR_ONCHAIN,  /* something happened onchain that forces us to change the state */
	CSCR_USER,     /* the operator or a plugin opened or closed a channel by 'hand' */
	CSCR_LOCAL,    /* known internal reasons, i.e. a failed HTLC */
	CSCR_REMOTE    /* the remote bilateral close or funded a channel with us */
};

What do you think of such a generic approach that categorizes the reasons?
Do you want to add/remove a category?
If we want variable string message on-top we can add that later, if required.

Also I think it might be necessary to add this to the enum channel as the 'last known reason'.
Rationale for this is, that a lot of the code path are setting the state as a subsequent update for some initial cause/reason.
Then we only set the last known reason if we really know the underlying cause...

[m-schmoock]

Can be closed

[jsarenik]

ACK close 🎻

[cdecker]

Yessir 🙃