build(linux): add common build script

[ReenigneArcher]

Description

This is an attempt to have a single build script for all the distros we provide packages for, excluding those with a build spec like PKGBUILD or flatpak.

Skipping documentation update, as that will be handled in #2932

TODO:

• Get working in all docker builds
  • aarch64 debian
  • aarch64 ubuntu 22.04
  • aarch64 ubuntu 24.04
  • x86_64 debian
  • x86_64 ubuntu 22.04
  • x86_64 ubuntu 24.04
  • x86_64 fedora 39
  • x86_64 fedora 40
• Get working in AppImage build
• Get working in CodeQL build
• Skip some steps if certain conditions exist, like cuda install on secondary runs
• More echo/print statements
• Allow passing arguments

Screenshot

Issues Fixed or Closed

Type of Change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Dependency update (updates to dependencies)
• Documentation update (changes to documentation)
• Repository update (changes to repository files, e.g. .github/...)

Checklist

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have added or updated the in code docstring/documentation-blocks for new or existing methods/components

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 9.66%. Comparing base (4fd6c66) to head (562f745).
Report is 137 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##           master   #2946      +/-   ##
=========================================
+ Coverage    9.57%   9.66%   +0.08%     
=========================================
  Files          97      97              
  Lines       17582   17556      -26     
  Branches     8336    8230     -106     
=========================================
+ Hits         1683    1696      +13     
+ Misses      13011   12997      -14     
+ Partials     2888    2863      -25     

Flag	Coverage Δ
Linux	7.16% <ø> (+0.20%)	⬆️
Windows	5.08% <ø> (ø)
macOS-12	10.29% <ø> (ø)
macOS-13	10.21% <ø> (ø)
macOS-14	10.52% <ø> (ø)

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see 26 files with indirect coverage changes