fix[stm32][spi]: add usage_freq and compute transfer timeout by frequency

[wdfk-prog]

为什么提交这份PR (why to submit this PR)

当前 STM32 SPI 驱动中，阻塞发送、接收、收发以及 DMA 等待完成时使用固定的 1000ms 超时。
当 SPI 传输数据量较大、配置频率较低，或者实际 SPI 工作频率低于预期时，固定超时可能过短，导致正常传输被误判为超时。
另外，驱动日志中计算 SPI 实际使用频率时使用了运行时表达式，结果不够直观，也不便于后续复用。

你的解决方案是什么 (what is your solution)

本 PR 对 STM32 SPI 驱动做了如下调整：

1. 将局部变量 SPI_CLOCK 重命名为 spi_clock，使代码风格更符合规范；
2. 在 SPI 初始化阶段，根据分频配置计算实际 SPI 使用频率，并保存到 cfg->usage_freq；
3. 将日志中的 SPI usage frequency 统一改为输出 cfg->usage_freq；
4. 在 spixfer() 中根据本次传输长度和实际 SPI 使用频率动态计算超时时间：
   • 先根据 usage_freq / 8 计算理论字节传输速率；
   • 再根据报文长度推导所需传输时间；
   • 最后增加一定冗余量，生成本次传输使用的 timeout_ms；
5. 将 HAL_SPI_TransmitReceive()、HAL_SPI_Transmit()、HAL_SPI_Receive() 的固定 1000ms 超时替换为动态超时；
6. 将 DMA 完成等待 rt_completion_wait() 的固定超时替换为动态 tick 超时；
7. 对非 DMA 场景下等待 HAL_SPI_STATE_READY 的死等逻辑增加超时退出机制，避免异常情况下无限阻塞。

这样可以让 SPI 超时与实际配置频率、传输长度相匹配，降低误超时风险，并提升驱动健壮性。

请提供验证的bsp和config (provide the config and bsp)

• BSP:

  • bsp/stm32/xxx

• .config:

  • CONFIG_RT_USING_SPI
  • 与目标板 SPI 外设相关的配置项

• action:

  • 请填写你自己仓库 PR 分支触发的 CI / Action 链接

[github-actions]

👋 感谢您对 RT-Thread 的贡献！Thank you for your contribution to RT-Thread!

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如有问题欢迎联系我们，再次感谢您的贡献！💐
If you have any questions, feel free to reach out. Thanks again for your contribution!

[github-actions]

📌 Code Review Assignment

🏷️ Tag: bsp_stm32

Reviewers: Liang1795 hamburger-os wdfk-prog

Changed Files (Click to expand)

• bsp/stm32/libraries/HAL_Drivers/drivers/drv_spi.c

🏷️ Tag: components

Reviewers: Maihuanyi

Changed Files (Click to expand)

• components/drivers/include/drivers/dev_spi.h

---

📊 Current Review Status (Last Updated: 2026-03-09 08:36 CST)

• ⌛ Liang1795 Pending Review
• ⌛ Maihuanyi Pending Review
• ⌛ hamburger-os Pending Review
• ⌛ wdfk-prog Pending Review

---

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1. 维护者可以通过单击此处来刷新审查状态: 🔄 刷新状态
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ℹ️ Refresh CI status operation requires repository Write permission.

[wdfk-prog]

• 已修复CI错误,解决H7系列报错问题
• RTduino是警告,只是未初始化新增变量且与本仓库无关;不处理

2026-03-07T07:30:04.9015178Z packages/RTduino-latest/libraries/buildin/SPI/SPI.cpp: In member function 'void SPIClass::beginTransaction(SPISettings)':
2026-03-07T07:30:04.9016139Z packages/RTduino-latest/libraries/buildin/SPI/SPI.cpp:67:5: error: missing initializer for member 'rt_spi_configuration::usage_freq' [-Werror=missing-field-initializers]
2026-03-07T07:30:04.9016802Z    67 |     };
2026-03-07T07:30:04.9016971Z       |     ^
2026-03-07T07:30:04.9017195Z CC build/packages/perf_counter-v2.2.4.1/perf_counter.o
2026-03-07T07:30:04.9017520Z cc1plus: all warnings being treated as errors
2026-03-07T07:30:04.9017904Z scons: *** [build/packages/RTduino-latest/libraries/buildin/SPI/SPI.o] Error 1
2026-03-07T07:30:04.9018293Z scons: building terminated because of errors.
2026-03-07T07:30:04.9018927Z �[1;32mscons -c�[0m
2026-03-07T07:30:04.9040078Z ##[error]build stm32/stm32g474-st-nucleo peripheral.arduino failed.

• 无关错误,不予处理

2026-03-07T07:31:35.1842835Z board/ports/drv_ov5640.c: In function 'ov5640_focus_init':
2026-03-07T07:31:35.1843468Z board/ports/drv_ov5640.c:265:20: warning: unsigned conversion from 'int' to 'rt_uint8_t' {aka 'unsigned char'} changes value from '-255' to '1' [-Woverflow]
2026-03-07T07:31:35.1844057Z   265 |             return -RT_ERROR;
2026-03-07T07:31:35.1844287Z       |                    ^
2026-03-07T07:31:35.1844563Z board/ports/drv_ov5640.c: In function 'ov5640_focus_constant':
2026-03-07T07:31:35.1845201Z board/ports/drv_ov5640.c:407:20: warning: unsigned conversion from 'int' to 'rt_uint8_t' {aka 'unsigned char'} changes value from '-255' to '1' [-Woverflow]
2026-03-07T07:31:35.1845789Z   407 |             return -RT_ERROR;
2026-03-07T07:31:35.1846008Z       |                    ^
2026-03-07T07:31:35.1846529Z board/ports/drv_ov5640.c:420:20: warning: unsigned conversion from 'int' to 'rt_uint8_t' {aka 'unsigned char'} changes value from '-255' to '1' [-Woverflow]
2026-03-07T07:31:35.1847100Z   420 |             return -RT_ERROR;
2026-03-07T07:31:35.1847317Z       |                    ^
2026-03-07T07:31:35.1847576Z board/ports/drv_ov5640.c: In function 'jpeg_data_process':
2026-03-07T07:31:35.1848229Z board/ports/drv_ov5640.c:483:14: warning: assignment to 'int *' from incompatible pointer type 'rt_int32_t *' {aka 'long int *'} [-Wincompatible-pointer-types]
2026-03-07T07:31:35.1849068Z   483 |         pbuf = JPEG_DATA_BUF + jpeg_data_len;

2026-03-07T07:33:05.1335395Z packages/btstack-latest/rtt_adapter/rtt_btstack_adapter.c: In function 'uart_sample':
2026-03-07T07:33:05.1336164Z packages/btstack-latest/rtt_adapter/rtt_btstack_adapter.c:107:8: warning: missing terminating " character
2026-03-07T07:33:05.1336747Z   107 | #error "Please set the reset pin
2026-03-07T07:33:05.1337023Z       |        ^
2026-03-07T07:33:05.1337423Z packages/btstack-latest/port/posix-h4-bcm/btstack_main.c: In function 'bt_stack_main':
2026-03-07T07:33:05.1338180Z packages/btstack-latest/port/posix-h4-bcm/btstack_main.c:217:8: warning: missing terminating " character
2026-03-07T07:33:05.1339032Z   217 | #error "Please set the reset pin

2026-03-07T07:34:38.4700595Z CC /home/runner/work/rt-thread/rt-thread/bsp/stm32/libraries/HAL_Drivers/drivers/drv_gpio.o
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4701177Z CC /home/runner/work/rt-thread/rt-thread/bsp/stm32/libraries/HAL_Drivers/drivers/drv_usart.o
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4701584Z LINK rt-thread.elf
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4702464Z /opt/arm-gnu-toolchain-13.2.Rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/13.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld:board/linker_scripts/link.lds:159: warning: memory region `RAM_SHARED' not declared
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4703285Z Memory region         Used Size  Region Size  %age Used
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4703590Z              ROM:       82976 B         1 MB      7.91%
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4703851Z              RAM:        5356 B       192 KB      2.72%
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4704182Z        *default*:   536876268 B 18446744073709551615 B      0.00%
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4704556Z arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary rt-thread.elf rtthread.bin
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4704877Z arm-none-eabi-size rt-thread.elf
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4705140Z    text	   data	    bss	    dec	    hex	filename
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4705517Z   82976	   1104	   4252	  88332	  1590c	rt-thread.elf
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4706002Z arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O ihex rt-thread.elf rt-thread.hex
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4706435Z scons: done building targets.
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4718850Z �[1;32mscons -c�[0m
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4719464Z ##[endgroup]
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4759375Z ##[error]Process completed with exit code 4.
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4816447Z ##[group]Run curl -X POST -H "Authorization: token " \
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4816855Z �[36;1mcurl -X POST -H "Authorization: token " \�[0m
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4817563Z �[36;1m-d '{"body":"@wdfk-prog, Thank you for your contribution, but there was an error with the action. Could you please help check the BSP compilation issue? Thank you."}' \�[0m
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4818371Z �[36;1m"https://api.github.com/repos/RT-Thread/rt-thread/issues/11240/comments"�[0m
2026-03-07T07:34:38.4855783Z shell: /usr/bin/bash -e {0}

[wdfk-prog]

• [components][SPI][spi-bit-ops]修复可能的异常操作 #9124