[TASK] Logger, Clock, ProgressReporter (rate-limited 30 fps)

[kirich1409]

Context

Small infrastructure protocols.

Acceptance criteria

• ProgressReporter impl throttles flushes to ≤30 fps via Clock.now gate (P9).
• Logger has levels; no format-string interpolation of user input (S9-adjacent).
• Clock protocol for time-dependent tests.

Files to touch (estimate)

best-effort estimate; agent refines during implementation

Implementation notes

n/a

Dependencies

None.

Safety checklist

See .github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/task.yml — tick applicable invariants in the issue if any destructive path is touched.

Definition of Done

• Acceptance criteria satisfied and verifiable
• Tests added or updated
• No build / lint / test regressions
• Self-review against research-report invariants
• Code review approved