Using the Tableau Data Extraction API this should be possible.
Caveat 1 - @mistercrunch curious to get your thoughts on this ... I don't believe the code from Tableau is open source so would need to review the license or not include their code in the package (up to user to install outside of Airflow).
Caveat 2 - Code runs on Windows and Linux only ... which should be fine but would need to be called out as a constraint ...
Thinking this may be useful as a plugin rather than integration into Airflow considering the above caveats.