feat(go/adbc/driver/flightsql): implement more connection options

[lidavidm]

• Adds more connection options around TLS.
• Adds basic smoke tests for connection options.
• Error on unknown options.
• Serialize partitions as FlightInfo with one FlightEndpoint. This is verbose, but allows preserving any other metadata that may be added to Flight in the future.

Part of #380.

[lidavidm]

Eventually, I plan to port the C++ unit tests from apache/arrow#14082 into this repository to test the Go driver. But native Go tests are preferable since those are much easier to develop with.

[zeroshade]

LGTM