[JAVA] Design updated ValueVector Object Hierarchy

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Reporter: Jacques Nadeau / @jacques-n
Assignee: Siddharth Teotia / @siddharthteotia

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-1472. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

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Siddharth Teotia / @siddharthteotia:
Initial Design Proposal – https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rl0PK5OnbQAnFUrhd4bQPtP0u7930sBKKaiyggOY7t4/edit