[Doc] Build API docs on a per-release basis

[asfimport]

Currently we build the docs from time to time manually from master. We should also build them per release so that you can have a look at the latest released API version.

Reporter: Uwe Korn / @xhochy

Related issues:

• [Doc] Host different released versions of the documentation + version switcher (is duplicated by)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-1921. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Will Jones / @wjones127:
Would it be in scope to make available the docs for past versions? For example, to view the 1.0.0 or 2.0.0 docs on the website. It would be nice to have a dropdown menu to select the version of docs we are viewing.

[asfimport]

Joris Van den Bossche / @jorisvandenbossche:
In the meantime, we have versioned docs for older version, and we also have the latest dev version of the docs. Closing as a duplicate of ARROW-13260