[C++][Compute] Use Status/Result return consistently to indicate errors

[asfimport]

Discussion on ML: https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r7c369390dd0b99edb1e4529920e06e62a1f65802bcdfb34317436fac%40%3Cdev.arrow.apache.org%3E

Wherever there is not a motivating performance reason for error
propagation using KernelContext::{SetStatus, status} remove this in favor of the error pattern used in the rest of the library: returning a Status or (preferably) Result. This will avoid the added cognitive overhead and boilerplate code of interfacing between the different strategies.

For example, refactor KernelInit from unique_ptr<KernelState>(KernelContext*, KernelInitArgs) to Result<unique_ptr<KernelState>>(ExecContext*, KernelInitiArgs)

Reporter: Ben Kietzman / @bkietz

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #10098

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-11990. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

yibocai#1:
Hi @bkietz, are you working on this jira?
I would like to do this task if you're not already on it.

[asfimport]

Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou:
Issue resolved by pull request 10098
#10098