[Format][C++] Add CSC sparse matrix support

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CSC sparse matrix is necessary for integration with existing sparse matrix libraries (umfpack, superlu). #2546 (comment)

Reporter: Kenta Murata / @mrkn
Assignee: Kenta Murata / @mrkn
Watchers: Rok Mihevc / @rok

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #5932

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-4225. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

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Kenta Murata / @mrkn:
@rok I've already started to work on this ticket. I'm sorry for forgetting to update the ticket property.

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Rok Mihevc / @rok:
That's great @mrkn! Did you also start on CSF? If not I'll pick it up.

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Kenta Murata / @mrkn:
@rok No, I didn't. I guess there is no library that has CSF tensor implementation, although the paper exists.
So I'm waiting for pydata/sparse's implementation.

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Rok Mihevc / @rok:
Ok, I'll check the paper and see if I can get somewhere. :)

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Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou:
Issue resolved by pull request 5932
#5932